The Many Faces of Poverty

Volume 3 The Many Faces of Poverty: Volume 3 Copyright © PEP-CBMS Network Office, 2011

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—whether virtual, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Published by De La Salle University 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004 Manila, Philippines www.dlsu.edu.ph

First printing, 2011

ISBN 978-971-555-539-5

Printed in the Philippines

Acknowledgements

The publication of this volume has been made possible through the PEP- CBMS Network Office based at the Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies of De La Salle University-Manila with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). CONTENTSCONTENTS

i Foreword

1 Introduction

3 Explanatory Text

The Many Faces of Poverty

9 Batanes

39 Batangas

141 Northern Samar

215 Occidental Mindoro

257 Surigao del Sur

309 Tarlac

373 Zamboanga del Sur FOREWORDFOREWORD

The official poverty monitoring system (PMS) in the Philippines relies mainly on family income and expenditure surveys. Information on other aspects of well-being is generally obtained from representative health surveys, national population and housing censuses, and others. However, these surveys and censuses are (i) too costly to be replicated frequently; (ii) conducted at different time periods, making it impossible to get a comprehensive profile of the different socio-demographic groups of interest at a specific point in time; and (iii) have sampling designs that do not usually correspond to the geographical disaggregation needed by local government units (LGUs). In addition, the implementation of the decentralization policy, which devolves to LGUs the function of delivering basic services, creates greater demand for data at the local level. The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) seeks to address these gaps by providing data at the local level appropriate for diagnosing the cause and extent of local poverty, formulating appropriate policies and programs, identifying eligible beneficiaries, and assessing the impact of policies and programs. It also supports the decentralization process by capacitating the LGUs to collect, analyze, and use data in local planning, budgeting, and program implementation. This third volume of statistical tables and poverty maps of seven provinces generated through the CBMS methodology represents part of what we hope will be a series of publications that will emerge from the collaborations between the CBMS Network Coordinating Team and its partner-LGUs. These partnerships have been in place for several years now, and these partner-LGUs are finally enjoying the fruits of their hard labor. The CBMS poverty maps will identify who and where the poor are as they provide a comprehensive picture of the different faces of poverty in different parts of the country. They will also aid in identifying the most pressing needs of the community, assist in prioritizing interventions to address these needs, and facilitate the targeting of programs for those who need the assistance most. The provinces featured in this volume are Batanes, Batangas, Northern Samar, Occidental Mindoro, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, and Zamboanga del Sur. The statistics presented in this report are based on the CBMS surveys conducted in these provinces during a 5-year period–from 2007-2011. The work leading to the publication of this book owes much to the unwavering support and commitment of our partners both at the local and national levels. For so many months now, we have worked hand-in-hand with them in consolidating databases and validating our survey findings. And now, with their consent, we are sharing their data to a wide range of CBMS stakeholders all over the country – indeed a glowing testament of their dedication to make their development planning processes more efficient and effective! Tremendous thanks are therefore in order to all our partner LGUs, national government agencies, non-government organizations, donors and other development partners for making this possible. It is hoped that this publication will provide the necessary data to facilitate evidence-based decision- making toward improving local governance and reducing poverty in the country.

CELIA M. REYES Co-Director, Poverty and Economic Policy (PEP) Research Network and CBMS Network Leader

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) i INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Considered a foremost legislation that ushered in a new era of local governance, the Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 has paved the way not only for greater autonomy but also for increased expenditure responsibility and revenue authority of local government units. Since then, the local government units (LGUs) have assumed a greater role in local government management and service delivery. The devolution is substantial not only in the magnitude of responsibilities that were shifted to LGUs but also in the amount of resources now at their disposal to effectively discharge the devolved functions. Today, LGUs have access to multiple revenue sources, chief of which is their share in the national internal revenues—the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA). For the period 2006–2008, the average IRA per year is P176.4 billion (see Table 1).

Table 1. Internal Revenue Allotment of Local Government Units, 2006–2009

Amount Year (in P billion)

2008 210.7 2007 183.9 2006 134.5 TOTAL 529.1 Ave. per year 176.4 Source: DBM

While experts agree that local governments are not awash with cash, the P529.1 billion worth of IRA that the LGUs have received over the 3-year period is certainly a big amount. This underscores the importance of making sure that LGUs are equipped with the right tools, systems, and procedures to ensure the effective use of these public financial resources. One way to do this is by providing them access to comprehensive socioeconomic data, on the basis of which they can craft their development plans and budgets.

Statistical Issues and Concerns at the Subnational Level

With decentralization, the types of data demanded by a wide range of users—policymakers, program implementers, civil society, and others—are changing. Data disaggregated to correspond to the different levels of government are needed by LGUs to adequately assess their local situation. Moreover, longitudinal data are needed to track welfare changes over time. Household-level data are also needed to identify eligible beneficiaries of different programs. In 2005, 14 years after the LGC enactment, the ADB-WB released a report highlighting statistical issues and concerns at the subnational level. It said: “The most comprehensive and consistent comparative subnational data is at the regional level although this is simply an administrative level of government that has no responsibilities for delivery of social services. More data is gradually becoming available at the provincial level, but not at lower levels, which are at the frontline of efforts to reduce poverty.”1

1 Decentralization in the Philippines: Strengthening Local Government Financing and Resource Management in the Short-Term, 2005 (A joint document of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank).

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 1 Local Poverty Monitoring Systems Rise up to the Challenge

Owing to still unresolved statistical issues and concerns at the subnational level, an increasing number of LGUs all over the country have taken the initiative to establish their own Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS). As of September 1, 2011 , CBMS is being implemented in 65 provinces (33 of which are implementing the system province-wide), 764 municipalities, and 49 cities, covering a total of 20,382 barangays. Data generated by CBMS have so far been used in diagnosing the nature and extent of poverty in their localities, identifying appropriate interventions, identifying eligible beneficiaries of poverty reduction programs, and assessing the impact of some of these programs. National government agencies have likewise taken notice of the CBMS initiative. Today, CBMS is recognized as a tool for (i) building the capacity of LGUs on poverty diagnosis and planning, (ii) localizing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and (iii) generating local poverty statistics for evidence- based development planning and budgeting. Parallel with efforts to establish databanks at each geopolitical level, an initiative on building the national repository of CBMS data has also been jumpstarted with the installation of the repository at the National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC) and at the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The national repository is envisioned to facilitate data sharing across government agencies, the private sector, donor agencies, and other relevant stakeholders. Specifically, the national repository will (i) facilitate the access and use of the integrated CBMS database by national entities in their advocacy work with key decisionmakers, (ii) support government and non-government funding sources in strengthening evidence-based planning and monitoring and in aligning their interventions to national priorities, and (ii) facilitate the implementation of targeted programs.

Concluding Remarks

Public statistics will increasingly shape public agenda at the local level as more and more LGUs establish their own monitoring systems to make their development planning processes more efficient and effective. In this scenario, local poverty monitoring systems such as the CBMS will have an extremely important role to play. The country’s experience with local-level poverty monitoring systems clearly demonstrates that there can be a comprehensive picture of the poverty situation. Very few, if any, national surveys collect information on the different dimensions of poverty. There is a survey on income and expenditure, another on health, another on education, another on employment, another on nutrition, and others. As the samples and the reference periods are different, there is no comprehensive picture of the poverty status of the population at any point in time. This is where CBMS can make a difference as it addressess these gaps through its set of core indicators relating to the different dimensions of poverty.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 2 EXPLANATORYEXPLANATORY TEXTTEXT

A. CBMS Core Indicators

The statistical tables and poverty maps presented in this volume pertain to the CBMS Core Indicators (also known as Core Local Poverty Indicators1), which were generated using the CBMS methodology.

Box 1. Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS)

The CBMS is an organized way of collecting ongoing or recurring information at the local level to be used by local governments, national government agencies, non-government organization (NGOs), and civil society for planning, budgeting, and implementing local development programs, as well as for monitoring and evaluating their performance. It is a tool for improved local governance and democratic decisionmaking that promotes greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation.

It involves the following steps: Step 1 – Advocacy/organization Step 2 – Data collection and field editing Step 3 – Data encoding and map digitization Step 4 – Data consolidation, database-building and poverty mapping Step 5 – Data validation and community consultation Step 6 – Knowledge (database) management Step 7 – Plan formulation Step 8 – Dissemination, implementation, and monitoring

The CBMS Core Indicators are a set of carefully selected indicators that capture the multiple dimensions of poverty. They define the basic criteria for attaining a decent quality of life and correspond to the minimum basic needs covering (a) health, (b) nutrition, (c) housing, (d) water and sanitation, (e) basic education, (f) income, (g) employment, and (h) peace and order. Together, these indicators provide information not only on how poor a community is, but also on who in the community is poor, and where.

The CBMS Core Indicators are presented in Table 1. Meanwhile, the poverty and food thresholds used are presented in Table 2.

1 The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) has issued Memorandum Circular 2003-92 (April 2003) to set policy guidelines for the adoption of the 13 core local poverty indicators, for planning and Memoradum Circular 2004-152 (November 2004) to encourage LGUs to intensify efforts toward the achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs). The latter circular also enjoins LGUs to use monitoring systems such as MBN-CBIS, CBMS, IRAP, etc., to monitor and diagnose the nature and extent of poverty in their respective localities. CBMS was adopted by the DILG as the data collection and processing system for the CLPIMS which was the tool adopted to monitor the MDGs for LGUs.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 3 Table 1. The CBMS Core Indicators

BASIC NEEDS CORE INDICATORS Computation/Formula Simple Scoring

A. Health 1 Proportion of children Total number of children aged 0 to less than One (1) if the household has a under 5 years old who 5 years old who died divided by (the sum of member under 5 years old who died; died total number of children aged 0 to less than zero (0) otherwise. 5 years old plus the total number of child deaths 0 to less than 5 years old) 2 Proportion of women who Total number of women who died due to One (1) if the household has a died due to pregnancy pregnancy related causes divided by (the female member who died due to related causes total number of children less than one year pregnancy-related causes; zero (0) old plus total number of women who died otherwise. due to pregnancy related causes) B. Nutrition 3 Proportion of children 0-5 Total number of children 0-5 years old who One (1) if the household has a years old who are are moderately or severely underweight over member 0-5 years old who is malnourished total number of children 0-5 years old malnourished; zero (0) otherwise. C. Housing 4 Proportion of households Total number of households living in housing One (1) if the household lives in living in makeshift housing with makeshift roof and/or walls over total makeshift housing; zero (0) number of households otherwise. 5 Proportion of households Total number of households occupying One (1) if the household is an who are informal settlers house and/or lots without permission of informal settler; zero (0) otherwise. owner over total number of households D. Water and 6 Proportion of households Total number of households without access One (1) if the household does not Sanitation without access to safe to community water system, artesian deep have access to safe water supply; water supply and shallow wells or bottled water over total zero (0) otherwise. number of households 7 Proportion of households Total number of households without access One (1) if the household does not without access to sanitary to water-sealed toilet or closed pit over total have access to sanitary toilet toilet facilities number of households facilities; zero (0) otherwise. E. Education 8 Proportion of children 6-12 Total number of children 6-12 years old who years old who are not are not attending elementary school over attending elementary total number of children 6-12 years old school 9 Proportion of children 13- Total number of children 13-16 years old 16 years old who are not who are not attending secondary school over attending secondary total number of children 13-16 years old school 8-9 Proportion of children 6-16 Total number of children 6-16 years old who One (1) if the household has a years old who are not are not attending school over total number of member 6-16 years old not attending school children 6-16 years old attending school; zero (0) otherwise.

F. Income 10 Proportion of households Total number of households with income One (1) if the household has a per with income below the below the poverty threshold over total capita income below poverty poverty threshold number of households threshold; zero (0) otherwise. 11 Proportion of households Total number of households with income One (1) if the household has a per with income below the below the food (subsistence) threshold over capita income below food threshold; food threshold total number of households zero (0) otherwise. 12 Proportion of households Total number of households who One (1) if the household has who experienced food experienced food shortage over total number experienced food shortage; zero (0) shortage of households otherwise. G. Employment 13 Proportion of persons in Total number of persons aged 15 and above One (1) if the household has the labor force who are who are not working but actively seeking unemployed member/s; zero (0) unemployed work over total number of labor force* otherwise.

H. Peace and 14 Proportion of persons who Total number of persons who are victims of One (1) if the household has Order are victims of crimes crimes over total population victim/s of crime; zero (0) otherwise.

CBMS Average number of unmet Sum of unmet needs of households over Sum of the scores (number of Composite needs total number of households unmet needs) of the 13 indicators. Indicator * Northern Samar used this definition of unemployment. Meanwhile, Batanes, Batangas, Occidental Mindoro, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac and Zamboanga del Sur used the new official definition of unemployment as per NSCB Resolution No. 15, Series of 2004. More information about this new definition is available on the website of the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB): http://www.nscb.gov.ph/resolutions/ 2004/15.asp

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 4 Table 2. Poverty and Food Thresholds

Poverty Threshold Food Threshold Province Month of Data Collection Year of Data Collection Reference Year Urban Rural Urban Rural January-June 2007 2006 16,500 16,500 12,778 10,680 July-December 2007 2007 15,976 15,976 10,835 10,835 Batanes January-June 2008 2007 15,976 15,976 10,835 10,835 July-December 2008 2008 17,610 17,610 12,304 12,304 January-June 2009 2008 17,610 17,610 12,304 12,304 January-June 2008 2007 18,959 17,598 11,183 10,972 July-December 2008 2008 20,477 19,007 12,590 12,353 January-June 2009 2008 20,477 19,007 12,590 12,353 Batangas July-December 2009 2009 21,147 19,629 13,424 13,171 January-June 2010 2009 21,147 19,629 13,424 13,171 July-December 2010 2010 22,070 20,485 13,938 13,675 January-June 2006 2005 13,991 13,033 10,039 9,626 July-December 2006 2006 14,326 13,671 10,279 10,097 January-June 2007 2006 14,326 13,671 10,279 10,097 Northern Samar July-December 2007 2007 21,011 14,645 10,804 10,636 January-June 2008 2007 21,011 14,645 10,804 10,636 July-December 2008 2008 23,876 16,642 12,827 12,627 January-June 2009 2008 17,391 15,173 11,254 10,726 July-December 2009 2009 17,998 15,702 11,704 11,155 Occidental Mindoro January-June 2010 2009 17,998 15,702 11,704 11,155 July-December 2010 2010 18,640 16,263 12,125 11,556 January-June 2011 2010 18,640 16,263 12,125 11,556 January-June 2008 2007 17,448 14,308 12,246 10,555 July-December 2008 2008 20,037 16,431 14,751 12,714 January-June 2009 2008 20,037 16,431 14,751 12,714 Surigao Del Sur July-December 2009 2009 20,969 17,195 15,679 13,514 January-June 2010 2009 20,969 17,195 15,679 13,514 July-December 2010 2010 21,753 17,838 16,284 14,036 January-June 2011 2010 21,753 17,838 16,284 14,036 January-June 2008 2007 18,690 14,863 11,034 9,872 July-December 2008 2008 20,767 16,515 12,489 11,174 Tarlac January-June 2009 2008 20,767 16,515 12,489 11,174 July-December 2009 2009 21,569 17,153 13,218 11,826 January-June 2006 2005 15,617 12,221 9,848 8,540 July-December 2006 2006 16,530 12,623 10,424 8,821 January-June 2007 2006 16,530 12,623 10,424 8,821 Zamboanga Del Sur July-December 2007 2007 17,042 13,522 10,754 9,455 January-June 2008 2007 17,042 13,522 10,754 9,455 July-December 2008 2008 19,355 15,357 12,666 11,136 January-June 2009 2008 19,355 15,357 12,666 11,136

B. Authority for the Survey

The National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) has issued Resolution No. 6 (2005), which recognizes and enjoins support to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level. It also directs the NSCB Technical Staff to initiate and coordinate an advocacy program for the adoption of the CBMS by the LGUs, through the Regional Statistical Coordination Committees (RSCCs), the technical arm of the NSCB Executive Board in the regions. The NSCB has also approved the CBMS Survey Instruments (NSCB Approval No. DILG-0903-01)

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 5 C. Survey Operations

All survey operations were undertaken under the supervision of the CBMS Technical Working Groups (TWGs) at the provincial and municipal Levels. They identified the local personnel who were trained as enumerators and field supervisors. Technical assistance was provided by the PEP-CBMS Network Office, the Bureau of Local Government Development (BLGD) and Regional Office 8 of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), and the National Anti- Poverty Commission (NAPC).

Training is mainly conducted at two levels. The first level training (Training of Trainors) is conducted for members of the TWGs. This is usually conducted by members of the research staff of the PEP-CBMS Network Office and CBMS-accredited trainors from the DILG, NAPC and NEDA. Meanwhile, a second level training (Training of Enumerators) is conducted for enumerators-- usually composed of barangay health workers and students. Members of the TWG act as trainors in this training.

D. Data Processing System

The CBMS Data Processing System includes the CBMS Data Encoding System, Statistics Simulator (StatSim) and the CBMS-Natural Resources Database (NRDB).

The CBMS Encoding System uses CSPro (Census and Survey Processing), a software developed by the United States Bureau of Census for entering, editing, tabulating, and disseminating data from censuses and surveys. The CSPro-based Encoding System converts survey data into electronic data. It produces text files (ASCII) described by data dictionaries, which adds flexibility to the output data. This feature facilitates the interface between the CBMS data and other database systems and statistical softwares.

The CBMS-NRDB is capable of creating and storing spatial (shapefiles) and non-spatial (texts and numbers) data as well as generating maps, reports and graphs ideal for presentation and analysis of poverty attributes in the community. This has significantly addressed the need for a simple yet powerful and free geographically-oriented database.

The CBMS Mapping system employs the Natural Resources Database2 (NRDB) for CBMS-based poverty mapping and for storing and displaying household- and individual-level information.

The data presented through poverty maps using the CBMS-NRDB are processed using the CBMS StatSim which has been developed by the PEP-CBMS Network Office to address the particular need of LGUs to harness outputs from the CBMS Database such as custom tables, reports, case lists and queries. The StatSim simulates simple computations and tabulations usually done through statistical software or other tabulation applications, and also exports indicators and statistics for use in dissemination, such as tables and maps.

These software are provided for free to CBMS-implementing LGUs.

2 The NRDB was developed by Mr. Richard Alexander, a British volunteer who spent three years working for the Bohol Environment Management Office through the assistance of the Voluntary Service Overseas (vso.org.uk).

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 6 E. CBMS Poverty Maps

The poverty map for each indicator is prepared at two levels. The first level is the provincial map disaggregated by municipality while the second level is the provincial map by barangay.

A simple color scheme is used for the poverty maps. Green, light green, pink and red represents the four ranges of data for each indicator. Each indicator, however, used a different range relative to the provincial data.

F. Limitations of the Data

While observations are taken from the entire population, the user of the data presented in this report should bear in mind that due to some difficulties, the CBMS was not carried out in Batangas City and Lipa City in the province of Batangas; in the municipalities of Dimataling and Dinas in the province of Zamboanga del Sur; and in the municipality of Bamban in the province of Tarlac. The CBMS census was also not carried out in 1 barangay in the municipality of San Nicolas, Batangas; in 32 barangays in the Municipality of Camiling, Tarlac; and in 19 barangays in the Municipality of Catubig, 15 barangays in the Municipality of Mondragon and 1 barangay in the Municipality of Pambujan, all in the province of Northern Samar.

Estimates on poverty and subsistence incidence may also be affected by under- and/or over-reporting of income or reluctance on the part of the respondents to reveal their true levels of income. As in other surveys, the CBMS enumerators may also have encountered interview non-response and item non-response.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 7 Blank Page Republic of the Philippines Province of Batanes Office of the Governor

Message

My special greetings and congratulations to all members of the PEP- CBMS Network Coordinating Team and to the editorial staff and publications board of “The Many Faces of Poverty” for coming out with this third volume of this very factual and informative book.

Indeed, I find the contents of this publication very essential especially to a rising and developing province like Batanes. The various data on population, health and nutrition, housing, water and sanitation, basic education, income and livelihood, and peace and order, which were presented by municipality and barangay, are very instructive in our shared efforts to effectively reduce the poverty rate— not only in this province but for the country as a whole. I truly understand the difficulty of tediously collecting every datum, interviewing community members and local officials, and patiently consolidating and interpreting the same to come up with a useful product.

It is a source of pride among our people that the province of Batanes was one of the five provinces in the country that won two human development awards in 2005: the Highest Achievement in Human Development and Greatest Improvement in Human Development. Both distinguished citations from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) were measured in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI).

Batanes was also recognized by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) as Best in Good Governance, Best in Economic Governance, and Second Best in Administrative Governance, all in 2003. The award on good governance was based on economic and administrative governance indicators; the award on good economic governance was measured in terms of per capita expenditures on social services, unemployment and underemployment rates, poverty incidence, and poverty gap; and the award on administrative governance was determined based on total health personnel per thousand population, percentage of live birth, proportion of households with access to safe water, teacher-to-pupil ratio for elementary schools, number of elementary schools per thousand population, cohort survival rate in elementary education, percentage of housing made of strong roofs and strong walls, and length of national and local roads per thousand population.

It is a fact that there are no beggars, street children, nor homeless families in this province. Today, as in the past years, Batanes continues to pursue and improve on its development goals.

With the publication of this book, we hope that the Provincial Government of Batanes and our local government units (LGUs) will learn more from the collective experiences of other provinces as we continue to work toward improving the lives of our constituents and further uplift their standards of living.

VICENTE S. GATO Governor The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 9 The Many Faces of Poverty in Batanes

POPULATION Batanes registered a total population of 16,160 in 4,079 households, based on the CBMS survey of 2007–2009 The CBMS survey covered the six municipalities of Batanes, consisting of 29 barangays. The municipality of Basco, the provincial capital, had the largest population with 7,409 or 45.8 percent of the total population. The municipality of Uyugan had the smallest population with only 1,217. Of the total population in the province, the 16 years old and below comprised 37.3 percent.

HEALTH AND NUTRITION The mortality rate of children 0–4 years old was one in every 100 Based on the CBMS survey results, 1.0 percent of children 0–4 years old died during the reference period. This corresponds to a total of 16 child deaths in the province within that age range. The highest proportion of deaths among children was recorded in the municipality of Uyugan where 2.7 percent of children 0–4 years old died. Meanwhile, it was noted that two of the municipalities had no recorded deaths among children in this age range. At the barangay level, data from the CBMS survey showed that a few barangays had a relatively higher proportion of child deaths. Barangay Chavayan in Sabtang town had the highest proportion (7.1%) of deaths among children under–5 years old. However, the biggest number of child deaths was recorded in Barangay Kayhuvokan in Basco where three death cases were reported. No cases of child deaths were reported in 19 (out of 29) barangays in the province.

Only one case of maternal death was reported in the province Data from the CBMS survey also showed that only one pregnant woman died due to a pregnancy-related cause, corresponding to 0.8 percent of all pregnant women in the province during the reference period. This was recorded in Barangay Kaumbakan in the municipality of Mahatao. This means that no woman died due to pregnancy-related causes in all other barangays in the province during the period.

Among children 0–5 years old, 2.3 percent were malnourished In terms of nutrition, 2.3 percent of children 0–5 years old or at least 2 in every 100 children 0-5 years old in the province were considered malnourished. The municipality of Ivana recorded the highest proportion of malnourished children at 4.5 percent while Basco had the highest number of cases, at 20 children, within the age range of 0–5 years. No malnourished child was recorded in the municipality of Mahatao. The problem of malnutrition seems to be worse at the barangay level. High malnourishment rates were reported in some barangays, including Barangay San Joaquin in Basco, which had the highest proportion of malnourished children at 14.0 percent followed by Barangay Radiwan in Ivana with 11.1 percent, and Barangay Santa Lucia in Itbayat with 9.0 percent. Meanwhile, 16 barangays had no problem with malnourishment as no child was recorded to be malnourished during the reference period.

HOUSING About 1.9 percent of the households were living in makeshift housing while 0.5 percent percent were informal settlers Data on housing revealed that some households (2 in every 100) in the province were living in makeshift housing. Makeshift housing was, however, more prevalent in Basco where 3.0 percent of households were considered housing poor. This corresponds to 57 households, which is also the highest among all the municipalities in the province. This is followed by Sabtang with 2.2 percent, and Itbayat with 1.9 percent while the rest of the municipalities had no households in makeshift housing. Meanwhile, at the barangay level, the highest proportion was recorded in Barangay Chavayan in Sabtang at 11.4 percent. Barangay Ihubok I in Basco came next with 5.0 percent, corresponding to 21 households. This barangay also recorded the highest number of households living in makeshift housing.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 10 Of the households, only 0.5 percent were considered informal settlers. This means that for every 1,000 households in the province, only five were considered as informal settlers. Basco recorded the highest magnitude and proportion of informal settlers. In particular, 12 households (0.6%) were informal settlers in this municipality. Although Barangay Savidug in Sabtang had the highest proportion of informal settlers, only one household was reported. Barangay San Antonio in Basco had the highest number of informal settlers at 4 households. These results indicate that informal settling is not a huge concern for the province.

WATER AND SANITATION Among all households, 2.7 percent had no access to safe water supply, while only 0.3 percent had no sanitary toilet facilities Results of the CBMS survey further revealed that 2.7 percent of the households had no access to safe drinking water, corresponding to 107 households. Basco recorded the highest magnitude and proportion of households without access to safe water with 4.4 percent, representing 83 households. Itbayat also recorded a relatively high proportion at 3.0 percent (or 21 households). Meanwhile, all households in Ivana and Uyugan had access to safe drinking water. Looking at the more disaggregated data, results of the CBMS survey showed that there are no “waterless”1 barangays in the province. The highest proportion of households without access to safe water is reported in Barangay Chanarian in Basco at 24.2 percent, followed by Barangays Santa Lucia (10.8%) and Raele (8.1%) in Itbayat.

Meanwhile, the CBMS survey results showed that only 14 households (or 0.3%) had no access to sanitary toilet facilities. The highest proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet is in Sabtang (1.4%), although this corresponds to only five households. Among all the barangays in the province, Barangay Chavayan in Sabtang recorded the highest proportion of households without sanitary toilet facilities although only two households were reported. The magnitude of households without sanitary toilet facilities ranges from 0–2 households in each barangay. Only three barangays reported two households that are toilet poor.

BASIC EDUCATION Among children 6–16 years old, 3.4 percent were not attending school Based on the CBMS survey results, 19.8 percent of children 6–12 years old were not enrolled in elementary school while 21.6 percent of children 13–16 years old were not attending high school. However, taking all children 6–16 years old, only 3.4 percent, or 3 in every 100 were not attending school during the reference period. Municipal level data showed that the highest magnitude and proportion of children 6–16 years old who were not attending school was reported in Itbayat with 7.3 percent, which corresponds to 68 children. The lowest proportion was in Basco (1.7%) although the magnitude was high ( 31 children) relative to the rest of the municipalities. At the barangay level, some recorded even higher proportions, compared to the provincial estimates. Barangay Sumnanga in Sabtang had the highest proportion with 13.6 percent, representing 11 children. It is followed by Barangays San Rafael with 26 children (11.6%), and Raele in Itbayat with 15 children (9.6%). San Rafael also recorded the highest magnitude of children aged 6–16 years old who are not studying, among all the barangays in the province.

INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD About 42.9 percent of households were living below the poverty threshold Despite its better conditions in terms of other dimensions, the province of Batanes still recorded a relatively high poverty rate of 42.9 percent corresponding to 1,433 income poor households. This means that four in every 10 households were living below the poverty threshold. Sabtang, with a poverty rate of 53.5 percent, had the highest proportion of income poor households, followed by Ivana (43.0%), and Basco (34.0%). Some barangays had poverty rates that are higher than the provincial estimate. Three barangays in Sabtang topped the list of poorest barangays in the province. The poorest barangays in terms of household income is Barangay Nakanmuan where 93.3 percent (28 households) were considered income poor, followed by Barangay Chavayan with 77.1 percent, and Barangay Malakdang (Poblacion) with 63.6 percent.

1 “Waterless” barangays refer to villages with less than 50 percent safe water supply coverage.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 11 About 26.5 percent of the households had no sufficient income to satisfy their basic food requirements CBMS survey results further revealed that 26.5 percent of the households in the province had per capita income below the food threshold. This corresponds to a total of 937 households. Among all the municipalities in the province, Sabtang recorded the highest proportion of food poor households. In fact, 40.9 percent of its households were living below the food poverty line. Ivana came next with 29.7 percent, followed by Basco with 21.6 percent. Meanwhile, CBMS data for all barangays in the province, showed that Barangay Nakanmuan had the highest food poverty rate at 86.7 percent, followed by Barangay Chavayan with 57.1 percent, and Barangay Malakdang (Poblacion) with 50 percent. These three poorest barangays are located in the municipality of Sabtang.

Food shortage was experienced by 0.1 percent of the households Based on survey responses of the households, only very few of them experienced food shortage during the last three months prior to the interview. In particular, only three households (0.1%) suffered from food shortage during the reference period. These three households were all in Barangay Salagao in Ivana. There was no reported case of food shortage among households in all the other barangays throughout the province.

Unemployment rate was relatively low at 0.5 percent During the reference period, the province recorded a relatively low unemployment rate at 0.5 percent, or a total of 36 members of the labor force. This means that only five in every 1,000 members of the labor force in the province were not employed. Municipal-level data showed that Basco had the highest magnitude and proportion of unemployed. In particular, 21 members of Basco’s labor force were not employed, translating to an unemployment rate of 0.7 percent. The rates of unemployment were relatively high in a few barangays. Barangay Savidug in Sabtang recorded the highest unemployment rate at 3.1 percent, although this represents only two members of the labor force. Barangay San Antonio in Basco ranked second with an unemployment rate of 1.5 percent, corresponding to 10 unemployed members of the labor force. This barangay also had the highest number of unemployed members of the labor force among all the barangays in the province.

PEACE AND ORDER About 0.3 percent of the population were victims of crime Survey data showed that 51 individuals or 0.3 percent of the total population in the province had been reported as victims of crime. This means that three in every 1,000 individuals in the province are victims of crime. Mahatao had the highest proportion (1.1%) of crime victims, followed by Uyugan (0.4%) and Basco (0.3%). The latter, however, had the most number of reported crime victims, based on the CBMS survey, with a total of 23 cases. It is worth noting that no cases of crime were reported in Sabtang during the reference period. Barangay Panatayan in Mahatao had the highest incidence of crime among all the barangays in the province with 17 individuals who were crime victims, corresponding to 3.8 percent of the total population in the barangay. Ten barangays in the province had at least one reported crime victim during the reference period while the rest of the barangays had none.

CBMS COMPOSITE INDICATOR AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY Households were able to meet almost all of the 13 basic needs, 2 on the average The province recorded a CBMS composite index (CCI) equivalent to 0.7. This means that most of the households in the province were able to meet the 13 basic needs. Among all the municipalities, Sabtang recorded the highest composite index of 1.1, indicating the worst condition among all the municipalities in terms of meeting the basic needs. Households in Sabtang were not able to satisfy at least one of the 13 basic needs, on average. Ivana came second with a CCI of 0.8, followed by Basco and Itbayat, both with a CCI of 0.7. At the barangay level, the highest CCI was recorded by Barangay Nakanmuan with 1.8, followed by Barangay Chavayan with 1.6, and Sumnanga with 1.2. These three barangays are all located in the municipality of Sabtang.

2 This refers to household basic needs as reflected in the 13 CBMS core indicators covering the following: (1) children 0–4 years old who died, (2) women who died due to pregnancy-related causes, (3) malnourished children 0–5 years old, (4) households living in makeshift housing, (5) households who are informal settlers, (6) households without access to safe water supply, (7) households without access to sanitary toilet facilities, (8) children 6–16 years old not in school, (9) households with income below poverty threshold, (10) households with income below food threshold, (11) households that experienced food shortage, (12) unemployment, and (13) victims of crime. A higher index would mean more unmet needs and, hence, worse condition for the households.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 12 About 4.0 percent of households in the province experienced multiple deprivations 3 Result of the CBMS survey showed that only 4.0 percent of households in the province experienced multiple deprivations. In particular, 3.7 percent of households were deprived in two dimensions, 0.3 percent were poor in three dimensions, and 0.1 percent were deprived in four dimensions. Data further revealed that 57 households in the province were income poor and education poor at the same time. Meanwhile, 0.7 percent of households in the province suffered from simultaneous deprivations in terms of income and housing. The same proportion also experienced deprivation in both income and safe water supply.

3 A household is considered to experience multiple deprivations if it is poor in at least two in the following dimensions: health, nutrition, tenure, housing, water, toilet, education, income, job, and security.

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 13 The Many Faces of Poverty in Batanes

CBMS Core Indicators, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Households Population INDICATOR Magnitude Proportion Ma gni tu de Pro po r tio n

DEMOGRAPHY Population 4079 16160 Average household size 4 Children under 1 year old 132 Children under 5 years old 1541 Children 0-5 years old 1919 Children 6-12 years old 2563 Members 13-16 years old 1538 Members 6-16 years old 4101 Members 10 years old and above 12775 Members of the labor force 7143

HEALTH AND NUTRITION Children under 5 years old who died 16 1.0 Women who died due to pregnancy related-causes 1 0.8 Malnourished children 0-5 year old 45 2.3

HOUSING Households living in makeshift housing 79 1.9 Households who are informal settlers 19 0.5

WATER AND SANITATION Households without access to safe water supply 107 2.7 Households without access to sanitary toilet facilities 14 0.3

BASIC EDUCATION Children 6-12 years old not attending elementary school 508 19.8 Children 13-16 years old not attending high school 331 21.6 Children 6-16 years old not attending school 140 3.4

INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD Households with income below poverty threshold 1433 42.9 Households with income below food threshold 937 26.5 Households who experienced food shortage 3 0.1 Unemployment rate (15 years old and above) 36 0.5

PEACE AND ORDER Victims of crime 51 0.3

CBMS Composite Indicator, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Av era g e CBMS Composite Indicator 0.7

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 14 CBMS Core Indicators, by Municipality, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality Total Total Number of Children under Number of Women deaths Number of Malnourished households po pul ati on ch ildren 5 years old ch ildren due to ch ildren ch ildren under 5 who died under 1 pregnancy-related (0-5 (0-5 years old) years old year old c a u s e s years old) M ag n i tu d e Propor tion M ag n i tu d e Propor tion M a g ni tu de Propor tion

BASCO 1895 7409 721 8 1.1 26 0 0.0 901 20 2.2 ITBAYAT 749 3095 387 3 0.8 62 0 0.0 470 13 2.8 IVANA 316 1303 85 0 0.0 9 0 0.0 112 5 4.5 MAHATAO 425 1555 123 0 0.0 22 1 4.3 144 0 0.0 SABTANG 372 1581 116 2 1.7 1 0 0.0 152 3 2.0 UYUGAN 322 1217 109 3 2.7 12 0 0.0 140 4 2.9

Municipality Households living in Households who are Households without access Households without access to makeshift housing informal settlers to safe water supply sanitary toilet facilities M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n

BASCO 57 3.0 12 0.6 83 4.4 6 0.3 ITBAYAT 14 1.9 3 0.4 21 3.0 1 0.1 IVANA 0 0.0 1 0.3 0 0.0 1 0.3 MAHATAO 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.5 0 0.0 SABTANG 8 2.2 2 0.5 1 0.3 5 1.4 UYUGAN 0 0.0 1 0.3 0 0.0 1 0.3

Municipality Number of Children not attending Number of Children not attending Number of Children not attending ch ildren elementary school ch ildren high school ch ildren s ch oo l (6-12 years (6-12 years old) (13-16 (13-16 years old) (6-16 years (6-16 years old) ol d) years old) ol d) M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n

BASCO 1150 243 21.1 645 149 23.1 1795 31 1.7 ITBAYAT 579 103 17.8 354 80 22.6 933 68 7.3 IVANA 184 32 17.5 128 28 22.8 312 6 1.9 MAHATAO 219 36 16.4 167 16 9.6 386 7 1.8 SABTANG 241 61 25.3 130 39 30.0 371 20 5.4 UYUGAN 190 33 17.4 114 19 16.7 304 8 2.6

Municipality Households with income below the Households with income below the Households who experienced food poverty threshold food threshold s h o r ta g e M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n

BASCO 644 34.0 409 21.6 0 0.0 ITBAYAT 235 31.4 144 19.2 0 0.0 IVANA 136 43.0 94 29.7 3 0.9 MAHATAO 111 26.1 75 17.6 0 0.0 SABTANG 199 53.5 152 40.9 0 0.0 UYUGAN 108 33.5 63 19.6 0 0.0

Municipality Number of persons in the Unemployment rate Persons who are victims CBMS Composite labor force (15 years old and above) of crimes Ind icator (15 years old and above) M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n

BASCO 2975 21 0.7 23 0.3 0.7 ITBAYAT 1267 6 0.5 4 0.1 0.7 IVANA 627 2 0.3 2 0.2 0.8 MAHATAO 938 2 0.2 17 1.1 0.5 SABTANG 738 4 0.5 0 0.0 1.1 UYUGAN 598 1 0.2 5 0.4 0.6

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 15 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 1. Proportion of Children under 5 Years Old who Died, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Children under 5 years old who died

M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n Uyug an 3 2.7 Sabtang 2 1.7 B asco 8 1.1 ITBAYAT Itb ayat 3 0 .8 0.8 Ivana 0 0 .0 M ahatao 0 0 .0

BASCO MAHATAO 1.1 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 2.7 SABTANG 1.7

Map 2. Proportion of Children under 5 Years Old who Died, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays

M unicipality B ar a ng a y M ag ni t ud e Pr o p o r t i o n Sabt ang Chavayan 1 7.1 Uyugan It bud 2 4 .3 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob .) 1 3 .4 Sabt ang Sinakan (Pob.) 1 2 .6 ITBAYAT B asco Kayhuvo kan 3 1.9 0.8 It b ayat Sant a Ro sa 2 1.7 B asco Ihub ok I 2 1.3 B asco Ihub ok II 2 1.1 It b ayat San Raf ael 1 1.0 B asco San Ant o nio 1 0 .6

BASCO MAHATAO 1.1 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 2.7 SABTANG 1.7

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 16 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 3. Proportion of Women who Died Due to Pregnancy-Related Causes, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Women deaths due to pregnancy- related causes M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n M ahatao 1 4 .3 B asco 0 0 .0 Itb ayat 0 0 .0 ITBAYAT Ivana 0 0 .0 0.0 Sabtang 0 0 .0 Uyug an 0 0 .0

BASCO MAHATAO 0.0 4.3 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 0.0 SABTANG 0.0

Map 4. Proportion of Women who Died Due to Pregnancy-Related Causes, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom Barangay ITBAYAT M unicipality B ar a ng ay M a g nit ud e P r o p o r t io n 0.0 M ahatao Kaumb akan 1 11.1

BASCO MAHATAO 0.0 4.3 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 0.0 SABTANG 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 17 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 5. Proportion of Children 0-5 Years Old who are Malnourished, by Municipality, 2007-2009

M alnourished children (0-5 years old) M unicipality M ag nit ud e P r o p o r t io n Ivana 5 4.5 Uyug an 4 2 .9 Itb ayat 13 2 .8 ITBAYAT B asco 20 2 .2 2.8 Sabtang 3 2 .0 M ahatao 0 0 .0

BASCO MAHATAO 2.2 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 4.5 2.9 SABTANG 2.0

Map 6. Proportion of Children 0-5 Years Old who are Malnourished, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 11 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng ay M a g ni t ud e Pr o p o r t i o n B asco San Jo aq uin 6 14.0 Ivana Radiwan 4 11.1 It b ayat Sant a Lucia 7 9 .0 Uyugan It b ud 3 5.9 Sabt ang Sinakan (Pob .) 3 5.8 ITBAYAT Uyugan Imnajb u 1 5.6 2.8 B asco Ihubo k II 8 3 .5 Ivana Tuhel (Pob.) 1 3 .0 It b ayat Sant a M aria 2 2 .9 It b ayat San Raf ael 3 2 .4 B asco San A nt o nio 5 2 .4

BASCO MAHATAO 2.2 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 4.5 2.9 SABTANG 2.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 18 Table 1. Health and Nutrition Indicators, by Barangay, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality B a ra n g a y Number of Children under 5 Number of Women deaths Number of Malnourished ch ildren years old ch ildren due to ch ildren ch ildren under 5 who died under 1 pregnancy-related (0-5 (0-5 years old) years old year old c a u s e s years old) M a g ni tu de Propor tion M a g ni tu de Pr opo r ti on M a g ni tu de Propor tion

BASCO Chanarian 24 0 0.0 1 0 0.0 33 0 0.0 Ihubok I 154 2 1.3 5 0 0.0 193 0 0.0 Ihubok II 182 2 1.1 6 0 0.0 231 8 3.5 Kayhuvokan 158 3 1.9 14 0 0.0 194 1 0.5 San Antonio 163 1 0.6 0 0 0.0 207 5 2.4 San Joaquin 40 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 43 6 14.0

ITBAYAT Raele 45 0 0.0 7 0 0.0 65 0 0.0 San Rafael 104 1 1.0 15 0 0.0 124 3 2.4 Santa Lucia 67 0 0.0 8 0 0.0 78 7 9.0 Santa Maria 57 0 0.0 12 0 0.0 68 2 2.9 Santa Rosa 114 2 1.7 20 0 0.0 135 1 0.7

IVANA Radiwan 28 0 0.0 3 0 0.0 36 4 11.1 Salagao 15 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 20 0 0.0 San Vicente 15 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 23 0 0.0 Tuhel (Pob.) 27 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 33 1 3.0

MAHATAO Hanib 36 0 0.0 4 0 0.0 42 0 0.0 Kaumbakan 40 0 0.0 8 1 11.1 49 0 0.0 Panatayan 23 0 0.0 5 0 0.0 27 0 0.0 Uvoy (Pob.) 24 0 0.0 5 0 0.0 26 0 0.0

SABTANG Chavayan 13 1 7.1 0 0 0.0 18 0 0.0 Malakdang (Pob.) 12 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 17 0 0.0 Nakanmuan 9 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 12 0 0.0 Savidug 15 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 17 0 0.0 Sinakan (Pob.) 38 1 2.6 1 0 0.0 52 3 5.8 Sumnanga 29 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 36 0 0.0

UYUGAN Imnajbu 13 0 0.0 2 0 0.0 18 1 5.6 Itbud 45 2 4.3 5 0 0.0 51 3 5.9 Kayuganan (Pob.) 23 0 0.0 3 0 0.0 30 0 0.0 Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 28 1 3.4 2 0 0.0 41 0 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 19 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 7. Proportion of Households Living in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Households living in makeshift ho us ing M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n B asco 57 3 .0 Sabtang 8 2 .2 Itb ayat 14 1.9 ITBAYAT Ivana 0 0 .0 1.9 M ahatao 0 0 .0 Uyug an 0 0 .0

BASCO MAHATAO 3.0 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 0.0 SABTANG 2.2

Map 8. Proportion of Households Living in Makeshift Housing, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B a r ang a y M a g nit ud e P r o p o r t i o n Sab t ang Chavayan 4 11.4 B asco Ihub ok I 2 1 5.0 It b ayat Sant a Rosa 10 4.7 Sab t ang Sumnang a 3 4.3 B asco Kayhuvokan 12 2.8 ITBAYAT B asco Ihub ok II 13 2.8 1.9 B asco San A nt onio 10 2.6 It b ayat Sant a M aria 2 1.4 It b ayat San Raf ael 2 1.1 B asco San Joaquin 1 1.0

BASCO MAHATAO 3.0 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 0.0 SABTANG 2.2

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 20 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 9. Proportion of Households who are Informal Settlers, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Households who are informal settlers

M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n B asco 12 0 .6 Sabtang 2 0.5 Itb ayat 3 0 .4 ITBAYAT Ivana 1 0 .3 0.4 Uyug an 1 0 .3 M ahatao 0 0 .0

BASCO MAHATAO 0.6 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.3 0.3 SABTANG 0.5

Map 10. Proportion of Households who are Informal Settlers, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng ay M a g ni t ud e P r o p o r t i o n Sabt ang Savid ug 1 2.1 B asco Chanarian 1 1.5 Ivana Tuhel (Po b.) 1 1.2 It b ayat Raele 1 1.2 It b ayat San Raf ael 2 1.1 ITBAYAT B asco San A nt o nio 4 1.0 0.4 B asco San Joaq uin 1 1.0 Uyugan Itb ud 1 0.9 Sabt ang Sinakan (Pob .) 1 0.8 B asco Kayhuvo kan 3 0.7

BASCO MAHATAO 0.6 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.3 0.3 SABTANG 0.5

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 21 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 11. Proportion of Households without Access to Safe Water Supply, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Households without access to safe water supply M unicipality M ag nit ud e P r o p o r t io n B asco 83 4.4 Itb ayat 21 3.0 M ahatao 2 0 .5 ITBAYAT Sabtang 1 0.3 3.0 Ivana 0 0.0 Uyugan 0 0.0

BASCO MAHATAO 4.4 0.5 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 0.0 SABTANG 0.3

Map 12. Proportion of Households without Access to Safe Water Supply, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B a r ang a y M a g ni t ud e P r o p o r t i o n B asco Chanarian 16 24 .2 It b ayat Sant a Lucia 10 10.8 It b ayat Raele 7 8 .1 B asco Ihub ok I 26 6.2 B asco San Ant o nio 17 4.4 ITBAYAT B asco Ihub ok II 19 4 .1 3.0 Sab t ang Savidug 1 2 .1 B asco San Joaq uin 2 2.0 M ahatao Uvoy (Pob.) 1 1.3 It b ayat San Raf ael 2 1.1

BASCO MAHATAO 4.4 0.5 IVANA UYUGAN 0.0 0.0 SABTANG 0.3

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 22 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 13. Proportion of Households without Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Households without access to sanitary toilet facilities M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n Sabtang 5 1.4 B asco 6 0 .3 Ivana 1 0 .3 ITBAYAT Uyug an 1 0 .3 0.1 Itb ayat 1 0.1 M ahatao 0 0 .0

BASCO MAHATAO 0.0 0.3 IVANA UYUGAN 0.3 0.3 SABTANG 1.4

Map 14. Proportion of Households without Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng a y M a g ni t ud e P r o p o r t i o n Sabt ang Chavayan 2 5.7 Sabt ang Savid ug 1 2.1 Ivana San V icent e 1 2 .0 B asco San Joaq uin 2 1.9 B asco Chanarian 1 1.5 ITBAYAT Sabt ang Sumnanga 1 1.4 0.1 It b ayat Raele 1 1.2 Uyugan Itb ud 1 0 .9 Sabt ang Sinakan (Pob .) 1 0 .8 B asco Ihubo k I 2 0.5

BASCO MAHATAO 0.0 0.3 IVANA UYUGAN 0.3 0.3 SABTANG 1.4

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 23 Table 2. Housing, Water and Sanitation Indicators, by Barangay, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality B a ra n g a y Households living in Households who are Households without Households without makeshift housing informal settlers access to safe water access to sanitary s u p p l y toilet facilities M a g ni tu de P r o p or t i o n M a g ni tu de P r o p or t i o n M a g ni tu de P r o p or t i o n M a g ni tu de P r o p or t i o n

BASCO Chanarian 0 0.0 1 1.5 16 24.2 1 1.5 Ihubok I 21 5.0 2 0.5 26 6.2 2 0.5 Ihubok II 13 2.8 1 0.2 19 4.1 0 0.0 Kayhuvokan 12 2.8 3 0.7 3 0.7 0 0.0 San Antonio 10 2.6 4 1.0 17 4.4 1 0.3 San Joaquin 1 1.0 1 1.0 2 2.0 2 1.9

ITBAYAT Raele 0 0.0 1 1.2 7 8.1 1 1.2 San Rafael 2 1.1 2 1.1 2 1.1 0 0.0 Santa Lucia 0 0.0 0 0.0 10 10.8 0 0.0 Santa Maria 2 1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Santa Rosa 10 4.7 0 0.0 2 0.9 0 0.0

IVANA Radiwan 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Salagao 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 San Vicente 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.0 Tuhel (Pob.) 0 0.0 1 1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

MAHATAO Hanib 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Kaumbakan 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.8 0 0.0 Panatayan 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Uvoy (Pob.) 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 1.3 0 0.0

SABTANG Chavayan 4 11.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 5.7 Malakdang (Pob.) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Nakanmuan 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Savidug 0 0.0 1 2.1 1 2.1 1 2.1 Sinakan (Pob.) 1 0.8 1 0.8 0 0.0 1 0.8 Sumnanga 3 4.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 1.4

UYUGAN Imnajbu 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Itbud 0 0.0 1 0.9 0 0.0 1 0.9 Kayuganan (Pob.) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 24 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 15. Proportion of Children 6-12 years old Not Attending Elementary School, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Children not attending elementary school (6-12 years old) M unicipality M ag nit ud e P r o p o r t io n Sab tang 6 1 2 5.3 B asco 2 43 21.1 ITBAYAT Itb ayat 103 17.8 17.8 Ivana 32 17.5 Uyugan 33 17.4 M ahatao 36 16.4

BASCO MAHATAO 21.1 16.4 IVANA UYUGAN 17.5 17.4 SABTANG 25.3

Map 16. Proportion of Children 6-12 years old Not Attending Elementary School, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B arang ay M ag nit ud e Pro po rtio n Sabtang Sumnanga 17 32.7 Sabtang Savidug 8 32.0 Ivana Tuhel (Pob.) 12 27.9 Mahatao Hanib 13 27.7 Sabtang Chavayan 8 26.7 ITBAYAT Basco Ihubok II 87 25.9 17.8 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 13 25.5 Basco San Joaquin 16 24.6 Basco Ihubok I 52 22.6 Sabtang Sinakan (Pob.) 18 22.0

BASCO MAHATAO 21.1 16.4 IVANA UYUGAN 17.5 17.4 SABTANG 25.3

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 25 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 17. Proportion of Children 13-16 years old Not Attending High School, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Children not attending high school (13-16 years old) M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n Sabtang 3 9 30 .0 B asco 149 2 3.1 Ivana 2 8 22 .8 ITBAYAT Itb ayat 8 0 22 .6 22.6 Uyug an 19 16.7 M ahatao 16 9 .6

BASCO MAHATAO 23.1 9.6 IVANA UYUGAN 22.8 16.7 SABTANG 30.0

Map 18. Proportion of Children 13-16 years old Not Attending High School, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng ay M ag nit ud e Pr o p o r t i o n Sabt ang Sumnanga 15 51.7 Sabt ang M alakdang (Pob.) 9 42.9 It b ayat Raele 2 0 42.6 Ivana Tuhel (Po b.) 12 30.0 It b ayat San Raf ael 2 6 28.9 ITBAYAT B asco San A nt o nio 4 0 28.8 22.6 Ivana San V icent e 4 28.6 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob .) 6 27.3 B asco Ihubo k II 4 9 26.9 B asco San Joaq uin 9 25.7

BASCO MAHATAO 23.1 9.6 IVANA UYUGAN 22.8 16.7 SABTANG 30.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 26 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 19. Proportion of Children 6-16 years old Not Attending School, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Children not attending school (6-16 years old) M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n Itb ayat 6 8 7.3 Sabtang 2 0 5.4 Uyug an 8 2 .6 ITBAYAT Ivana 6 1.9 7.3 M ahatao 7 1.8 B asco 31 1.7

BASCO MAHATAO 1.8 1.7 IVANA UYUGAN 1.9 2.6 SABTANG 5.4

Map 20. Proportion of Children 6-16 years old Not Attending School, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng ay M a g ni t ud e P r o p o r t i o n Sab t ang Sumnanga 11 13.6 It b ayat San Raf ael 26 11.6 It b ayat Raele 15 9.6 Sab t ang M alakd ang (Po b.) 4 7.5 It b ayat Sant a Lucia 9 6.0 ITBAYAT It b ayat Sant a Rosa 15 5.5 7.3 Sab t ang Chavayan 2 4.9 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 3 4.1 Ivana San V icent e 2 3.6 Ivana Tuhel (Pob.) 3 3.6

BASCO MAHATAO 1.8 1.7 IVANA UYUGAN 1.9 2.6 SABTANG 5.4

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 27 Table 3. Education Indicators, by Barangay, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality B a ra n g a y Number of Children not Number of Children not Number of Children not ch ildren a tten d in g ch ildren attending high ch ildren attending school (6-12 years elementary school ( 1 3 - 1 6 s ch oo l (6-16 years (6-16 years old) old) (6-12 years old) years old) (13-16 years old) old) M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag nitude P r o p or t i o n M ag nitude P r o p or t i o n

BASCO Chanarian 49 5 10.2 32 6 18.8 81 2 2.5 Ihubok I 230 52 22.6 124 21 16.9 354 8 2.3 Ihubok II 336 87 25.9 182 49 26.9 518 10 1.9 Kayhuvokan 233 38 16.3 133 24 18.0 366 3 0.8 San Antonio 237 45 19.0 139 40 28.8 376 8 2.1 San Joaquin 65 16 24.6 35 9 25.7 100 0 0.0

ITBAYAT Raele 109 18 16.5 47 20 42.6 156 15 9.6 San Rafael 134 27 20.1 90 26 28.9 224 26 11.6 Santa Lucia 80 9 11.3 69 13 18.8 149 9 6.0 Santa Maria 75 12 16.0 54 4 7.4 129 3 2.3 Santa Rosa 181 37 20.4 94 17 18.1 275 15 5.5

IVANA Radiwan 56 7 12.5 34 8 23.5 90 1 1.1 Salagao 44 7 16.3 39 4 11.4 83 0 0.0 San Vicente 41 6 14.6 14 4 28.6 55 2 3.6 Tuhel (Pob.) 43 12 27.9 41 12 30.0 84 3 3.6

MAHATAO Hanib 47 13 27.7 43 3 7.1 90 1 1.1 Kaumbakan 75 8 10.7 42 5 11.9 117 4 3.4 Panatayan 59 10 16.9 52 5 9.6 111 0 0.0 Uvoy (Pob.) 38 5 13.2 30 3 10.0 68 2 2.9

SABTANG Chavayan 30 8 26.7 11 2 18.2 41 2 4.9 Malakdang (Pob.) 32 6 18.8 21 9 42.9 53 4 7.5 Nakanmuan 20 4 20.0 9 0 0.0 29 0 0.0 Savidug 25 8 32.0 11 2 18.2 36 0 0.0 Sinakan (Pob.) 82 18 22.0 49 11 22.4 131 3 2.3 Sumnanga 52 17 32.7 29 15 51.7 81 11 13.6

UYUGAN Imnajbu 22 4 18.2 12 0 0.0 34 0 0.0 Itbud 78 11 14.1 54 8 14.8 132 3 2.3 Kayuganan (Pob.) 39 5 12.8 26 5 19.2 65 2 3.1 Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 51 13 25.5 22 6 27.3 73 3 4.1

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 28 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 21. Proportion of Households with Income Below the Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Household with income below poverty t hr e sho ld M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n Sabtang 199 53 .5 Ivana 136 43 .0 B asco 64 4 34 .0 ITBAYAT Uyug an 108 33 .5 31.4 Itb ayat 23 5 3 1.4 M ahatao 111 2 6.1

BASCO MAHATAO 34.0 26.1 IVANA UYUGAN 43.0 33.5 SABTANG 53.5

Map 22. Proportion of Households with Income Below the Poverty Threshold, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar ang a y M ag ni t ud e P r o p o r t i o n Sab t ang Nakanmuan 28 93 .3 Sab t ang Chavayan 27 77.1 Sab t ang M alakdang (Pob .) 42 63 .6 Ivana San Vicent e 31 63 .3 B asco San Joaq uin 62 58 .5 ITBAYAT Sab t ang Sumnang a 40 58 .0 31.4 Uyugan Kayvalug anan (Pob .) 48 52 .7 B asco Chanarian 38 51.4 M ahatao Uvoy (Pob.) 39 48 .8 Ivana Tuhel (Pob .) 40 47.6

BASCO MAHATAO 34.0 26.1 IVANA UYUGAN 43.0 33.5 SABTANG 53.5

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 29 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 23. Proportion of Households with Income Below the Food Threshold, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Households with income below food t hr e sho ld M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n Sabtang 152 40 .9 Ivana 9 4 29 .7 B asco 40 9 2 1.6 ITBAYAT Uyug an 6 3 19.6 19.2 Itb ayat 144 19.2 M ahatao 75 17.6

BASCO MAHATAO 21.6 17.6 IVANA UYUGAN 29.7 19.6 SABTANG 40.9 Map 24. Proportion of Households with Income Below the Food Threshold, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng a y M ag ni t ud e Pr o p o r t i o n Sabt ang Nakanmuan 2 6 86 .7 Sabt ang Chavayan 2 0 57.1 Sabt ang M alakdang (Pob .) 3 3 50 .0 Ivana San Vicent e 2 4 49.0 B asco San Joaq uin 4 7 44.3 ITBAYAT Sabt ang Sumnanga 2 9 42.0 19.2 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob .) 3 6 39.6 M ahat ao Uvoy (Pob.) 2 8 35.0 B asco Chanarian 2 4 32.4 Ivana Tuhel (Pob.) 2 7 32 .1

BASCO MAHATAO 21.6 17.6 IVANA UYUGAN 29.7 19.6 SABTANG 40.9

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 30 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 25. Proportion of Households who Experienced Food Shortage, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Households who experienced food s ho r t ag e M unicipality M ag nit ud e P r o p o r t io n Ivana 3 0.9 B asco 0 0.0 Itb ayat 0 0.0 ITBAYAT M ahatao 0 0.0 0.0 Sab tang 0 0.0 Uyugan 0 0.0

BASCO MAHATAO 0.0 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.9 0.0 SABTANG 0.0 Map 26. Proportion of Households who Experienced Food Shortage, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom Barangay M unicipality B a r ang a y M ag nit ud e Pr o p o r t i o n Ivana Salagao 3 3 .0 ITBAYAT 0.0

BASCO MAHATAO 0.0 0.0 IVANA UYUGAN 0.9 0.0 SABTANG 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 31 Table 4. Income Indicators, by Barangay, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality B a ra n g a y Households with income below the Households with income below Households who experienced poverty threshold the food threshold food shortage M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n

BASCO Chanarian 38 51.4 24 32.4 0 0.0 Ihubok I 143 33.6 94 22.1 0 0.0 Ihubok II 151 32.3 97 20.7 0 0.0 Kayhuvokan 103 24.0 55 12.8 0 0.0 San Antonio 147 37.6 92 23.5 0 0.0 San Joaquin 62 58.5 47 44.3 0 0.0

ITBAYAT Raele 35 40.7 20 23.3 0 0.0 San Rafael 58 31.7 39 21.3 0 0.0 Santa Lucia 49 37.7 29 22.3 0 0.0 Santa Maria 28 20.1 15 10.8 0 0.0 Santa Rosa 65 30.8 41 19.4 0 0.0

IVANA Radiwan 35 41.7 25 29.8 0 0.0 Salagao 30 30.3 18 18.2 3 3.0 San Vicente 31 63.3 24 49.0 0 0.0 Tuhel (Pob.) 40 47.6 27 32.1 0 0.0

MAHATAO Hanib 31 31.0 26 26.0 0 0.0 Kaumbakan 20 16.0 14 11.2 0 0.0 Panatayan 21 17.5 7 5.8 0 0.0 Uvoy (Pob.) 39 48.8 28 35.0 0 0.0

SABTANG Chavayan 27 77.1 20 57.1 0 0.0 Malakdang (Pob.) 42 63.6 33 50.0 0 0.0 Nakanmuan 28 93.3 26 86.7 0 0.0 Savidug 18 38.3 13 27.7 0 0.0 Sinakan (Pob.) 44 35.2 31 24.8 0 0.0 Sumnanga 40 58.0 29 42.0 0 0.0

UYUGAN Imnajbu 8 18.6 4 9.3 0 0.0 Itbud 37 34.3 15 13.9 0 0.0 Kayuganan (Pob.) 15 18.8 8 10.0 0 0.0 Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 48 52.7 36 39.6 0 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 32 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 27. Unemployment Rate (15 years old and above), by Municipality, 2007-2009

Unemployment Rate (15 years old and above) M unicipality M a g nit ud e Pr o p o r t io n B asco 2 1 0.7 Sabtang 4 0.5 Itb ayat 6 0.5 ITBAYAT Ivana 2 0 .3 0.5 M ahatao 2 0 .2 Uyug an 1 0 .2

BASCO MAHATAO 0.7 0.2 IVANA UYUGAN 0.3 0.2 SABTANG 0.5

Map 28. Unemployment Rate (15 years old and above), by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 12 Barangays M unicipality B arang ay M ag nit ud e Pr o p o rt io n Sabtang Savidug 2 3.1 Basco San Antonio 10 1.5 Ivana Salagao 2 1.3 Itbayat Santa M aria 2 1.0 Sabtang Sinakan (Pob.) 2 0.9 ITBAYAT Basco Chanarian 1 0.8 0.5 Basco Kayhuvokan 4 0.6 M ahatao Uvoy (Pob.) 1 0.6 Itbayat San Rafael 2 0.6 Itbayat Santa Rosa 2 0.6 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 1 0.6 Basco Ihubok II 4 0.6

BASCO MAHATAO 0.7 0.2 IVANA UYUGAN 0.3 0.2 SABTANG 0.5

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 33 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 29. Proportion of Persons who are Victims of Crime, by Municipality, 2007-2009

Persons who are victims of crime

M unicipality M ag nit ud e P r o p o r t io n M ahatao 17 1.1 Uyugan 5 0.4 B asco 23 0.3 ITBAYAT Ivana 2 0.2 0.1 Itb ayat 4 0 .1 Sab tang 0 0.0

BASCO MAHATAO 0.3 1.1 IVANA UYUGAN 0.2 0.4 SABTANG 0.0

Map 30. Proportion of Persons who are Victims of Crime, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 10 Barangays M unicipality B ar a ng ay M a g ni t ud e P r o p o r t i o n M ahat ao Panat ayan 17 3.8 Uyugan Itb ud 4 0.8 Uyugan Imnajb u 1 0.7 B asco Chanarian 2 0.7 B asco Ihubo k II 12 0.6 ITBAYAT Ivana Radiwan 2 0.5 0.1 It b ayat Sant a Ro sa 4 0.4 B asco Kayhuvo kan 5 0.3 B asco San A nt o nio 3 0.2 B asco Ihubo k I 1 0.1

BASCO MAHATAO 0.3 1.1 IVANA UYUGAN 0.2 0.4 SABTANG 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 34 Table 5. Unemployment and Victims of Crime Indicators, by Barangay, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality B a ra n g a y Number of persons in Unemployment rate Persons who are victims of the labor force (15 years old and above) crim es (15 years old and a b ov e ) M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n M ag n i tu d e P r o p or t i o n

BASCO Chanarian 124 1 0.8 2 0.7 Ihubok I 647 2 0.3 1 0.1 Ihubok II 724 4 0.6 12 0.6 Kayhuvokan 629 4 0.6 5 0.3 San Antonio 677 10 1.5 3 0.2 San Joaquin 174 0 0.0 0 0.0

ITBAYAT Raele 169 0 0.0 0 0.0 San Rafael 335 2 0.6 0 0.0 Santa Lucia 217 0 0.0 0 0.0 Santa Maria 210 2 1.0 0 0.0 Santa Rosa 336 2 0.6 4 0.4

IVANA Radiwan 191 0 0.0 2 0.5 Salagao 159 2 1.3 0 0.0 San Vicente 122 0 0.0 0 0.0 Tuhel (Pob.) 155 0 0.0 0 0.0

MAHATAO Hanib 211 1 0.5 0 0.0 Kaumbakan 297 0 0.0 0 0.0 Panatayan 265 0 0.0 17 3.8 Uvoy (Pob.) 165 1 0.6 0 0.0

SABTANG Chavayan 77 0 0.0 0 0.0 Malakdang (Pob.) 127 0 0.0 0 0.0 Nakanmuan 64 0 0.0 0 0.0 Savidug 64 2 3.1 0 0.0 Sinakan (Pob.) 231 2 0.9 0 0.0 Sumnanga 175 0 0.0 0 0.0

UYUGAN Imnajbu 72 0 0.0 1 0.7 Itbud 215 0 0.0 4 0.8 Kayuganan (Pob.) 140 0 0.0 0 0.0 Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 171 1 0.6 0 0.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 35 CBMS Poverty Maps: Batanes

Map 31. CBMS Composite Indicator, by Municipality, 2007-2009

CBM S Composite Indicator

M unicipality A ver a g e Sab tang 1.1 Ivana 0.8 B asco 0.7 ITBAYAT Itb ayat 0.7 0.7 Uyugan 0.6 M ahatao 0.5

BASCO MAHATAO 0.7 0.5 IVANA UYUGAN 0.8 0.6 SABTANG 1.1

Map 32. CBMS Composite Indicator, by Barangay, 2007-2009

Bottom 11 Barangays Municipality Barangay Average Sabtang Nakanmuan 1.8 Sabtang Chavayan 1.6 Sabtang Sumnanga 1.2 Ivana San Vicente 1.2 Sabtang Malakdang (Pob.) 1.2 ITBAYAT Basco Chanarian 1.1 0.7 Basco San Joaquin 1.1 Uyugan Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 1.0 Itbayat Raele 0.9 Mahatao Uvoy (Pob.) 0.9 Ivana Tuhel (Pob.) 0.9

BASCO MAHATAO 0.7 0.5 IVANA UYUGAN 0.8 0.6 SABTANG 1.1

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 36 Table 6. CBMS Composite Indicator, by Barangay, Province of Batanes, 2007-2009

Municipality B a ra n g a y CBMS Composite Indicator

BASCO Chanarian 1.1 Ihubok I 0.7 Ihubok II 0.7 Kayhuvokan 0.4 San Antonio 0.8 San Joaquin 1.1

ITBAYAT Raele 0.9 San Rafael 0.7 Santa Lucia 0.8 Santa Maria 0.4 Santa Rosa 0.7

IVANA Radiwan 0.8 Salagao 0.5 San Vicente 1.2 Tuhel (Pob.) 0.9

MAHATAO Hanib 0.6 Kaumbakan 0.3 Panatayan 0.3 Uvoy (Pob.) 0.9

SABTANG Chavayan 1.6 Malakdang (Pob.) 1.2 Nakanmuan 1.8 Savidug 0.7 Sinakan (Pob.) 0.7 Sumnanga 1.2

UYUGAN Imnajbu 0.3 Itbud 0.6 Kayuganan (Pob.) 0.3 Kayvaluganan (Pob.) 1.0

The Many Faces of Poverty (Volume 3) 37