DECEMBER 1996 VOL 80 NO 12

British Journal of

Editorials 1033 -new opportunities to tackle an old problem B Thylefors 1034 Retrobulbar pressures in dysthyroid Jack Rootman Commentary 1035 Short term immunosuppressive and long term immunoregulation: promises and problems John Isaacs, Andrew Dick Original articles CLiNICAL 1037 Prevalence and risk factors for trachoma in Sarlahi district, Nepal Joanne Katz, SCIENCE Keith P West,J_r, Subarna KKhatry, Steven C LeClerq, Elizabeth Kimbrough Pradhan, M D Thapa, Sharadar Ram Shrestha, Hugh R Taylor 1042 Retrobulbar pressures measured during surgical decompression of the A Jan Otto, Leo Koornneef, Maarten Ph Mourits, Loes Deen-van Leeuwen 1046 Teletherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation of age-related macular degen- eration: results of follow up in a non-randomised study P M Hart, U Chakravarthy, G MacKenzie, D B Archer, R F Houston 1051 Scanning laser densitometry in loss of unknown origin PJ DeLint, J E E Keunen, A TA Liem, D van Norren 1055 Acute IOP elevation with scleral suction: effects on retrobulbar haemodynamics Alon Harris, Karen Joos, Matthew Kay, David Evans, Rajesh Shetty, William E Sponsel, Bruce Martin 1060 Effect of oral nifedipine on ocular blood flow in patients with low tension Orna Geyer, Meira Neudorfer, Ada Kessler, Edit Firsteter, Moshe Lazar, Yhoshua Almog 1063 Iridoschisis: high frequency ultrasound imaging. Evidence for a genetic defect? John Danias, Ioannis M Aslanides, Joseph WEichenbaum, Ronald H Silverman, Dan Z Reinstein, D Jackson Coleman 1068 Diurnal variations in human corneal thickness C L Harper, M E Boulton, D Bennett, B Marcyniuk, J HJarvis-Evans, A B Tullo, A E Ridgway 1073 Treatment selections of 239 patients with blepharospasm and Meige syndrome over 1 1 years Joseph A Mauriello, Jr, Shamina Dhillon, Tina Leone, Basil Pakeman, Ramin Mostafavi, Maria C Yepez 1077 Preschool vision screening: outcome of children referred to the hospital service Douglas KNewman,Anne Hitchcock, Helen McCarthty, John Keast-Butler, Anthony TMoore 1083 Primary localised amyloidosis of the orbit I E Murdoch, TJ Sullivan, I Moseley, P N Hawkins, M B Pepys, S Y Tan, A Garner, J E Wright LABORATORY 1087 Mitomycin against posterior capsular opacification: an experimental study in rabbits SCIENCE Christine M Haus, Albert L Galand 1092 Immunocytochemical study of retinal diode laser photocoagulation in the rat P R S Richardson, M E Boulton,J Duvall-Young, D McLeod Perspective 1099 Toxoplasma gondii and ocular toxoplasmosis: pathogenesis C E Pavesio, S Lightman 1108 Letters to the editor 1116 Correspondence Book reviews Notices 1119 Author Index 1122 Subject Index Contents

COVER: Cryostat section ofa normal rat 33 days after diode laser photocoagulation stainedfor intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-I) antigen. ICAM-1 is present on the choroidal endothelium, retinalpigment epithelial cells, and around intraretinal migrated cells. (From Richardson et al, this issue, p 1092.) VOLUME 80 CONTENTS

No 1 JANUARY 1996 Page Editorials 1 Metastases to the C Wood 2 Age-related macular disease Alan Bird Commentary 4 Laser treatment of soft drusen in age-related maculopathy Shirley Sarks

Original articles - CLINICAL SCIENCE 5 Metastatic tumours in the conjunctiva: report of 10 cases Hayyam Kiratli, Carol L Shields,Jerry A Shields, Patrick DePotter 9 Is the incidence of registrable age-related increasing? Jtennifer Evans, Richard Wormald 15 Long term changes in human corneal endothelium following toxic endothelial cell destruction: a specular microscopic and fluorophotometric study Rudy M M A Nuyts, Nicolien Boot,Jaap A van Best, Henry F Edelhauser, Adrian C Breebaart 21 Deep corneal stromal opacities associated with long term contact wear D Pimenides, C F Steele, C NJ7McGhee, I G Bryce 25 PRK in patients with a keratoconic topography picture. The concept of a physiological 'displaced apex syndrome' Stephen 3 Doyle, Eamonn Hynes, Shehzad Naroo, Sunil Shah 29 Corneal temperature in patients with dry eye evaluated by infrared radiation thermometry Hiroshi Fujishima, Ikuko Toda, Masakazu Yamada, Naoki Sato, Kazuo Tsubota 33 for using a conjunctival pedunculated flap slide Gao Lei 35 Clinical evaluation of the Allergan Humphrey 500 autorefractor and the Nidek AR-1000 autorefractor Bettina Kinge, Anna Midelfart, Geir Jacobsen 40 Analysis ofvisual field progression in glaucoma Frederick WFitzke, Roger A Hitchings, Darmalingun Poinoosawmy, Andrew I McNaught, David P Crabb 49 Incidence of registered in the Nordic child population Thomas Rosenberg, Tor Flage, Egill Hansen, Ruth Riise, Sirkka-Liisa Rudanko, Gudmundur Viggosson. Kristina Tornqvist 54 associated with atopic dermatitis Masayo Takahashi, Kiyoshi Suzuma, Izumi Inaba, Yuichiro Ogura, Kozo Yoneda, Hiroyuki Okamoto 58 Effects ofbilateral orbital decompression by an endoscopic endonasal approach in dysthyroid orbitopathy A Neugebauer, K Nishino, P Neugebauer, WKonen, 0 Michel

LABORATORY SCIENCE 63 Effects of the cytokines on the proliferation of and collagen synthesis by human lens epithelial cells Okihiro Nishi, Kayo Nishi, Tsutomu Fujiwara, Eiichi Shirasawa, Yasukazu Ohmoto 69 Non-invasive assessment of the donor corneal endothelium using ocular redox fluorometry J Shimazaki, R A Laing, K Tsubota, K R Kenyon 74 Collagen synthesis activity in the aqueous humour of with : a pilot study Anja Tuulonen,Juha Risteli, Leila Risteli,JYuha Valimaki, PJtuhaniAiraksinen 78 Compensatory elevation of complex II activity in Leber's heredity optic neuropathy May-Yung Yen, Hsin-Chen Lee,Jorn-Hon Liu, Yau-Huei Wei 82 vasomotor effects of topical apraclonidine hydrochloride Selim Orgul, David R Bacon, E Michael Van Buskirk, George A Cioffi Perspective 85 Medical treatment of glaucoma-a reappraisal of the risks Paul Diggory, Wendy Franks 90 Letter to the editor 92 Referees 95 Notices 96 Instructions for authors

No 2 FEBRUARY 1996 Editorials 97 Local resection of posterior uveal melanoma Jerry A Shields 99 The renin-angiotensin system in the human eye NJ van Haeringen Commentary 101 Submacular surgery for choroidal neovascularisation H Kaplan Original articles - CLINICAL SCIENCE 102 Risk factors for residual and recurrent uveal melanoma after trans-scleral local resection Bertil E Damato, James Paul, Wallace S Foulds 109 Risk factors for metastatic uveal melanoma after trans-scleral local resection Bertil E Damato,J7ames Paul, Wallace S Foulds 117 Long term visual outcome of radiated uveal melanomas in eyes eligible for randomisation to enucleation versus brachytherapy Devron H Char, Stew Kroll, Jeanne M Quivey, Joseph Castro 125 Frequency of ocular metastases in patients dying of cancer in eye bank populations Babak Eliassi-Rad, Daniel M Albert, WRichard Green Contents

129 Venous stasis orbitopathy: a clinical and echographic study H R Atta, A D Dick, L M Hamed, S F Byrne, E K Gendron, R L Hughes,J' S Glaser 135 Disappearance and formation rates of microaneurysms in early diabetic T Hellstedt, I Immonen 140 Randomised trial of ganciclovir and acyclovir in the treatment of herpes simplex dendritic : a multicentre study H B Hoh, C Hurley, C Claoue, M Viswalingham, D L Easty, P Goldschmidt, L M T Collum 144 Increase in corneal epithelial cell size with extended wear soft contact lenses depends on continuous wearing time Kazuo Tsubota, Seiichiro Hata, Ikuko Toda, Yukiko Yagi, Miki Sakata, Jun Shimazaki 148 First day follow up for routine ? L Whitefield, J Crowston, B C Little 151 Intermittent horizontal saccade failure ('ocular motor apraxia') in children Christopher M Harris, Fatima Shawkat, Isabelle Russell-Eggitt,bohn Wilson, David Talyor LABORATORY SCIENCE 159 Demonstration of renin mRNA, angiotensinogen mRNA, and angiotensin converting enzyme mRNA expression in the human eye: evidence for an intraocular renin-angiotensin system 3rurgen Wagner, A HJIan Danser, Frans HM Derkx, Paulus T VM dejong, Martin Paul, John J Mullins, Maarten A D H Schalekamp, Detlev Ganten 164 Scanning electron microscopic study of monofilament suture knots ChristopherJt Hammond, Wood Yee Chan, Christopher S C Liu 168 Distribution of TNFa and its reactive vascular adhesion molecules in fibrovascular membranes of proliferative G Astrid Limb, Anthony H Chignell, William Green, Frances LeRoy, Dudley C Dumonde 174 Insufficient expression of Fas antigen on helper T cells in Behcet's disease Satoshi Nakamura, Miyuki Sugita, Hiroko Matoba, Shun-ichi Tanaka, Fumiko Isoda, Shigeaki Ohno 177 Anatomy of the extraneural blood supply to the intracranial oculomotor nerve Mark Cahill, John Bannigan, Peter Eustace Perspective 182 Widespread ocular use of topical chloramphenicol: is there justifiable concern regarding idiosyncratic aplastic anaemia? Charles NJ McGhee, Constantine NAnastas 185 Letters to the editor 189 Correspondence Notices 192 Instructions for authors

No 3 MARCH 1996 Editorials 193 Unilateral retinoblastoma-genetic implications J Dudgeon 194 Activated protein C and retinal vein occlusion Beverley J Hunt 195 Diagnostics assays in cytomegalovirus Suzanne Mitchell

Original articles - CLNICAL SCIENCE 197 Parents with unilateral retinoblastoma: their affected children Corey M Notis, Kevork Niksarli, David HAbramson,Anthony R DeLil1o, Robert M Ellsworth 200 Activated protein C resistance in young adults with central retinal vein occlusion J Larsson, E Olafsdottir, B Bauer 203 Blood viscosity, coagulation, and activated protein C resistance in central retinal vein occlusion: a population controlled study Tom H Williamson, Ann Rumley, Gordon D 0 Lowe 209 Hyperoxia improves contrast sensitivity in early diabetic retinopathy Alon Harris, Oliver Arend, Ronald P Danis, David Evans, Sebastian Wolf, Bruce JMartin 214 High dose intravitreal ganciclovir injection provides a prolonged therapeutic intraocular concentration N Morlet, S Young, D Naidoo, G Graham, M T Coroneo 217 Effect of isoproterenol, phenylephrine, and sodium nitroprusside on fundus pulsations in healthy volun- teers Leopold Schmetterer, Michael Wolzt, Alex Salomon, Alexander Rheinberger, Christian Unfried, Gabriele Zanaschka, AdolfFreidrich Fercher 224 Effect of ablation profile on wound healing and visual performance 1 year after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy Melanie C Corbett, Seema Verma, David PS O'Brart, Katherine M Oliver, Greg Heacock, John Marshall LABORATORY SCIENCE 235 Diagnostic assays in cytomegalovirus retinitis: detection of herpesvirus by simultaneous application of the polymerase chain reaction and local antibody analysis on ocular fluid Peter Doornenbal, G Seerp Baarsma, Wim G V Quint, Aize Kijlstra, Philip H Rothbarth, Hubert GM Niesters 241 Upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy J'acob Pe'er, Robert Folberg, Ahuva Itin, Hadassah Gnessin, Itzhak Hemo, Eli Keshet 246 Three dimensional analysis of the retinal vasculature using immunofluorescent staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy D M Foreman, S Bagley,J Moore, G WIreland, D McLeod, ME Boulton 252 Ultrastructural features and prevalence of tubuloreticular structures in the ocular vasculature of patients with AIDS: a study of 23 cases RajKMaturi, Ramon LFont 256 Factors affecting bovine corneal endothelial cell density in vitro E WJohnstone, H C Wong, D J Coster, KA Williams Perspective 263 Indocyanine green angiography Sarah L Owens Contents

267 Letters to the editor 270 Correspondence Notices 272 Instructions for authors

No 4 APRIL 1996 Editorials 273 Evidently, evidence based Alistair R Fielder, Graham E Quinn 275 The eye and the brain in non-accidental injury involving young children GJ A I Snodgrass Commentary 276 The economic burden of global blindness: a price too high! Andrew F Smith,J Graham Smith Original articles - CLNICAL SCIENCE 278 Trends in the management of stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity C P Noonan, D I Clark 282 Ocular and cerebral trauma in non-accidental injury in infancy: underlying mechanisms and implications for paediatric practice MA Green, G Lieberman, C M Milroy, MA Parsons 288 Long term results of intraoperative mitomycin C in the treatment of recurrent pterygium Leonardo Mastropasqua, Paolo Carpineto, Marco Ciancaglini, Pier Enrico Gallenga 292 Progression of disease in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid Mark J Elder, Wolfgang Bernauer, J7ohnathan Leonard, John K G Dart 297 Objective detection of hemifield and quadrantic field defects by visual evoked cortical potentials Michael S Bradnam, Donald M I Montgomery, Aled L Evans, David Keating, Elizabeth A McClure, Bertil E Damato, Robert McFadzean 304 simulation and error in threshold estimation S E Spenceley, D B Henson 309 Automated perimetry in patients with choroidal metastases Firas M Rahhal, David HAbramson, CamiUe A Servodidio, Hilary S Abramson 314 Postoperative abnormalities of the choriocapillaris in exudative age-related macular degeneration J7ohn S Pollack, Lucian VDel Priore, Morton E Smith, Michael A Feiner, HenryJ' Kaplan 319 Comparative effects of argon green and krypton red laser photocoagulation for patients with diabetic exudative maculopathy MoncefKhairallah, Raoudha Brahim, Mohamed Allagui, Nejib Chachia 323 Results of surgery for epiretinal membranes and their recurrences Ralf Grewing, Ulrich Mester 327 Retinal haemodynamics in patients with early diabetes mellitus J?uan E Grunwald, Joan DuPont, Charles E Riva 332 Causes and frequency of blindness in patients with intraocular inflammatory disease Aniki Rothova, Maria SA Suttorp-van Schulten, WFrits Treffers, Aize Kijlstra 337 in Ecuador: evolution of chorioretinopathy after amocarzine treatment PJ7 Cooper, R Proaino, C Beltran, MAnselmi, R H Guderian 343 Advanced cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity-outcome and complications Donna M Knight-Nanan, Kais Algawi, Roger Bowell, Michael O'Keefe 346 Primary for pseudophakic retinal detachment Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt, Bernd Kirchhof, Klaus Heimann 350 Ocular neuromyotonia Eric Ezra, David Spalton, Michael D Sanders, Elizabeth M Graham, Gordon T Plant

LABORATORY SCIENCE 356 Diffusion coefficient through the blood-aqueous barrier using a standard protocol J7aap van Best, J7ose Benitez del Castillo, Michael Diestelhorst, Bernard Heintz, Eugenio Leite, Louis-Filip Liesenborghs, Rainer Schalnus on behalfofEuropean ConcertedAction on Ocular Fluorometry 363 Levels ofvascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in the vitreous of patients with subretinal neovascularisation J7ohn A Wells, Rachna Murthy, Rakesh Chibber, Alistair Nunn, Pia A Molinatti, Eva M Kohner, Zdenek J Gregor 367 Viability of keratocytes in epikeratophakia lenticules Huey-Chuan Cheng, WJ7ohn Armitage, Mohamed I Yagoubi, David L Easty Perspective 373 of suppression in strabismic Richard Harrad, Frank Sengpiel, Colin Blakemore 318 History of ophthalmology 378 Letters to the editor 380 Correspondence Book review Notices Corrections 384 Instructions for authors

No 5 MAY 1996 Editorials 385 Seven million too many J7ulian L Rait 387 Oxygen free radicals and retinopathy of prematurity NA Rao, G S Wu Commentary 388 Ophthalmic services for children HE Willshaw Original articles - CLINICAL SCIENCE 389 Number of people with glaucoma worldwide Harry A Quigley 394 changes after peribulbar injections with and without ocular compression Richard Bowman, Christopher Liu, Nicholas Sarkies 398 Glaucoma laser suture lysis Peter Macken, Yvonne Buys, Graham E Trope Contents

402 Association of HIA type with pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule J S FitzSimon, A Mulvihill, S Kennedy, A Finch, L M T Collum, PEustace 405 Lens thickness and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a population based twin study N Logstrup, AJ Sj0lie,KO Kyik,A Green 409 Infectious keratitis with corneal perforation associated with corneal hydrops and contact lens wear in Eric D Donnenfeld, Amilia Schrier, Henry D Perry, HerbertJ Ingraham, Richard Lasonde, Arthur Epstein, Bruce Farber 413 Clinical evaluation of carbocyclic oxetanocin G eyedrops in the treatment of herpes simplex corneal ulcers Hiroshi Shiota, Keiko Nina, Takeshi Naito, Yasuo Mimura, Tokumi Maruyama 416 indocyanine green videoangiography in diabetic iridopathy Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Elvio Bondel, Daniele Russo, Giuseppe Ravalico 420 Retinopathy of prematurity in a controlled trial of prophylactic surfactant treatment PM Pennefather, W Tin, M P Clarke, S Fritz, NP Strong 425 Systemic effects of screening for retinopathy of prematurity David E Laws, Clare Morton, Michael Weindling, David Clark

LABORATORY SCIENCE 429 An elevated level of copper zinc superoxide dismutase fails to prevent oxygen induced retinopathy in mice Corina Klaeger, Luis de Sa,AndresJKlaeger, Elaine J Carlson, William V Good, Charles J Epstein 435 Glycans of the trabecular meshwork in primary open angle glaucoma S A Chapman, RE Bonshek, R WStoddart, E O'Donoghue, K Goodall, D McLeod 445 Red blood cell antioxidant enzymes in age-related macular degeneration Monica A De La Paz, Jian Zhang, Invin Fridovich 451 Effects of allopurinol and steroids on inflammation and oxidative tissue damage in experimental lens induced : a biochemical and morphological study A JAugustin, M Spitznas, WSekundo, F Koch, J Lutz, D Meller, F H Grus,A Wegener, S H-H Blumenroder 458 Development and role of retinal glia in regeneration of ganglion cells following retinal injury Robert E MacLaren 465 Detecting herpesvirus DNA in uveitis using the polymerase chain reaction Shuji Yamamoto Deborah Pavan-Langston, Shigeru Kinoshita, Kohji Nishida, Yoshikazu Shimomura, Yasuo Tano 469 In vivo human lens epithelial cell proliferation on the anterior surface of PMMA intraocular lenses Milind VPande, David _J Spalton, John Marshall 475 Measurement of retinal blood flow with fluorescein leucocyte angiography using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope in rabbits Yunsik Yang, Sungkang Moon, Soowhan Lee, Jaeduck Kim Perspective 480 The emerging roles of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in ophthalmology Peter Koay 486 Letters to the editor 492 Correspondence Notices 494 Instructions for authors

No 6 JUNE 1996 Editorials 495 What is the best primary surgical treatment for the infantile ? Peng TKhaw 496 The challenge of HIV/AIDS related Paul Courtright Commentary 498 Should myopes have routine axial length measurements before retrobulbar or peribulbar injections? AmandaJ Churchill, Teifion Ejames, Verity Lacey Original articles - CLWCAL SCIENCE 499 Long term follow up of primary for infantile glaucoma TFulcher, J Chan, B Lanigan, R Bowell, M O'Keefe 503 Carcinoma of the conjunctiva and HIV infection in Uganda and Malawi KM Waddell, S Lewallen, SB Lucas, C Atenyi-Agaba, C S Herrington, G Liomba 509 Optic nerve diameters and perimetric thresholds in idiopathic intracranial hypertension Tommaso Salgarello, Ciro Tamburrelli, Benedetto Falsini, Andrea Giudiceandrea, Alberto Colotto 515 Feasibility of automated visual field examination in children between 5 and 8 years of age Avinoam B Safran, Gian Luca Laffi, Andri Bullinger, Paolo Viviani, Catherine de Weisse, Dominique Disangles, Chantal Tschopp, Christophe Mermoud 519 Visual field loss following vitrectomy for stage 2 and 3 macular holes E Ezra, G B Arden, P Riordan-Eva, G WAylward, ZJ7 Gregor 526 Spatial classification of glaucomatous visual field loss David B Henson, Susan E Spenceley, David R Bull 532 Sublingual timolol-an alternative to topical medication in glaucoma? S A Sadiq, S A Vernon 536 Indocyanine green angiographic findings in serpiginous choroidopathy A Giovannini, C Mariotti, E Ripa, B Scassellati-Sforzolini 541 Ultrasound biomicroscopy of eyes undergoing deep sclerectomy with collagen implant Auguste G-Y Chiou, Andri Mermoud, Serge-Emmanuel A Hidiguer,Corinne C Schnyder, Ruggero Faggioni 545 Role of epithelial hyperplasia in regression following photorefractive keratectomy Charline A Gauthier, Brien A Holden, Daniel Epstein, Bjorn Tengroth, Per Fagerholm, Helene Hamberg-Nystrom 549 Sulphapyridine-a new agent for the treatment of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid Mark J Elder, Jronathan Leonard, J7ohn KG Dart 553 Bell's phenomenon in newborns and premature babies M Snir, I Kremer, A Kuperman, P Merlob, Y Yassur Contents

LABORATORY SCIENCE 556 Eosinophil cationic protein in tears in allergic Per G Montan, Marianne van Hage-Hamsten 561 Intracellular calcium response to hydraulic pressure in human trabecular cells Toshihiko Matsuo, Nobuhiko Matsuo Perspective 567 Ocular oxygen measurement I M Hogeboom van Buggenum, G L van der Heijde, G J Tangelder, J WM Reichert-Thoen 574 Letters to the editor 579 Correspondence Book review Obituary Notices 582 Instructions for authors

No 7 JULY 1996 Editorials 583 To preserve or not to preserve, is that the question? Louis A Wilson 585 The burden of serious ocular injury Robert3J Cooling Commentary 586 On the precision and reliability of IOP measurements James M Gilchrist

Original articles - CLINICAL SCIENCE 588 Control of microbial contamination in unpreserved eyedrops Gillian B Oldham, Victor Andrews 592 Incidence of cases of ocular trauma admitted to hospital and incidence of blinding outcome Parul Desai, Caroline J MacEwen, Paul Baines, Darwin C Minassian 597 Contact lens fitting after photorefractive keratectomy C L KAstin, D S Gartry, A D McG Steele 604 Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for patients with contact lens intolerance caused by dry eye Ikuko Toda, Yukiko Yagi, Seiichiro Hata, Seiji Itoh, Kazuo Tsubota 610 Videokeratography database of normal human Yaron S. Rabinowitz, Huiying Yang, Yuri Brickman, Jrudy Akkina, Carleen Riley, Jerome I Rotter, Janet Elashoff 617 Transillumination of iris and subnormal visual acuity-ocular albinism? Lena Sjodell, Anders Sjostrom, Maths Abrahamsson 624 Enhancement of post trabeculectomy bleb formation by laser suture lysis J Singh, R W D Bell, A Adams, C O'Brien 628 Aetiology of in south India Michael Eckstein, P Vijayalakshmi, Milind Killedar, Clare Gilbert, Allen Foster 633 Relation between retinal vein occlusions and axial length Nursen Aritiirk, Yhsan Oge, Dilek Erkan, Yuiiksel Sillu, Farshid Mohajery 637 Undetectable S cone electroretinogram b-wave in complete congenital stationary night blindness Megumi Kamiyama, ShuichiYamamoto, Koji Nitta, Seiji Hayasaka 640 Life expectancy of diabetic patients undergoing vitreous surgery Horst Helbig, Ulrich Keilner, Norbert Bornfeld, Michael H. Foerster LABORATORY SCIENCE 644 Protective role of nitric oxide in ocular toxoplasmosis Seiji Hayashi, Chi-Chao Chan, Ricardo T Gazzinelli, Nam Tran H Pham, Margaret K Cheung, Francois G Roberge 649 Intraocular production of a cytokine (CINC) responsible for neutrophil infiltration in endotoxin induced uveitis Yan Guex-Crosier,ArthurJ Wittwer,Francois GRoberge 654 Detection of herpes simplex virus DNA in donor culture medium by polymerase chain reaction David JMorris, Graham M Cleator, Paul E Klapper, RobertJ_ Cooper, Emmanuel 0 E Biney, Carol Dennett, Boris Marcyniuk,Andrew B Tullo 658 Fibrinolysis of experimental subretinal haemorrhage without removal using tissue plasminogen activator Lawrence S Morse, Jeffrey D Benner, Leonard M Hjelmeland, Maurice B Landers, III 663 Corneal epithelial recovery following photorefractive keratectomy Shu-Wen Chang, Fung-Rong Hu, Ping-Kang Hou Perspective 669 Genetics of aniridia and anterior segment dysgenesis Amanda Churchill, Adam Booth 674 Letters to the editor 678 Correspondence Book review Obituary Notices Correction 680 Instructions for authors

No 8 AUGUST 1996 Editorials 681 Prevention of postoperative infection: limits and possibilities Siret D Jaanus 683 and retinal detachment: cause and effect? Parul Desai Original articles - CLINICAL SCIENCE 685 Comparative intraocular penetration of topical and injected cefuroxime C D GJ_enkins, SJ_ Tuft, G Sheraidah, D A McHugh, R J Buckley 689 Risk of retinal detachment following cataract extraction: results from the International Cataract Surgery Outcomes Study Jrens Christian Norregaard, Henrik Thoning, Tavs Folmer Andersen, Peter Bernth-Petersen, J7onathan CJ_avitt, Gerald FAnderson 694 Changing patterns of corneal disease and associated vision loss at a rural African hospital following a training programme for traditional healers Paul Courtright, Susan Lewallen, Steve Kanjaloti Contents

698 Evaluation of high volume extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation in Sierra Leone, west Africa Nicholas J Cook 702 Functional anatomy of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and its connective tissue system A Ettl, S Priglinger, J Kramer, L Koornneef 708 Surgical repair ofparalytic by medial tarsal suspension of the lower lid Maria Castroviejo-Bolibar, Antonio de Damborenea, Alvaro Fernindez-Vega 713 One stage vertical rectus muscle recession using adjustable sutures under local anaesthesia S Rauz, JA A Govan 719 HTLV-I associated uveitis revisited: characteristic grey-white, granular deposits on retinal vessels Kumiko Nakao, Norio Ohba 723 Retinal blood flow indices in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus Chi-Wah Yung, Alon Harris, Stephen Massicotte, George Chioran, Gabriel Krombach, Ronald Danis, Sebastian Wolf 728 Retinopathy of prematurity in infants of birth weight >2000 g after haemorrhagic shock at birth Claudia Jandeck, Ulrich Keilner, Hans Kossel, Marius Bartsch, Hans T Versmold, Michael H Foerster 732 Radiation related complications after ruthenium of uveal melanoma Paula Summanen, llkka Immonen, Tero Kiveld, Petri Tommila,Jorma Heikkonen, Ahti Tarkkanen LABORATORY SCIENCE 740 Corneal organ culture: effects of serum and a stabilised form of L-glutamine M G Ayoubi, WJ Armitage, D L Easty 745 Analysis of 21 Stargardt's disease families confirms a major locus on chromosome lp with evidence for non-allelic heterogeneity in a minority of cases Bernhard H F Weber, Stefanie Sander, Corinna Kopp, Diane Walker, Anja Eckstein, Bernd Wissinger, Eberhart Zrenner, Tiemo Grimm 750 Neovascular tissue in the intertrabecular spaces in eyes with neovascular glaucoma Toshiaki Kubota, Akihiko Tawara, Yasuaki Hata, Ahmad Khalil, Hajime Inomata 755 Experimental Bacillus cereus post-traumatic endophthalmitis and treatment with ciprofloxacin D Virgil Alfaro,Joetta Davis, Sandra Kim, Frank Bia ,John F Bogard, Jonathan WBriggs, Peter E Liggett 759 Use ofphysical barriers for delayed adjustable surgery: the effect of Interceed and polyglactin 910 mesh Jeong-Min Hwang, Bong Leen Chang Perspective 763 The genetics of complex ophthalmic disorders K Evans, AC Bird 769 Letters to the editor 773 Correspondence Book review Notices 776 Instructions for authors No 9 SEPTEMBER 1996 Editorials 777 Geographical variations in rates of ophthalmic surgery: a dilemma Andrew F Smith 778 Progression of diabetic retinopathy following cataract surgery: can it be prevented? D WFlanagan Commentaries 780 Non-HLA antigens and HLA-DR matching in SM Nicholls 782 The ophthalmic : an indulgence or a necessity? Andrew D Dick,John VForrester Original articles - CLiNCAL SCIENCE 784 Geoographical variations in rates of ophthalmic surgery Helen S Jones,John M Yates, Peter Spurgeon, Alistair R Fielder 789 Diabetic retinopathy before and after cataract surgery Marianne Henricsson, Anders Heijl, LarsJanzon 794 Visual acuity in unilateral cataract D A Thompson, H Moller, I Russell-Eggitt, A Kriss 799 Effect of a cataract simulation on clinical and real world vision David B Elliott, Mark A Bulimore, Aftab E Patla, David Whitaker 805 Role of ocular involvement in the prediction of visual development and clinical prognosis in Aicardi syndrome Allison VMenezes, Terri L Lewis,J Raymond Buncic 812 Peripapillary fluorescein angiographic findings in primary open angle glaucoma Sei Yamazaki, Youichi Inoue, Keiji Yoshikawa 818 Clinical utility of cytomegalovirus urine cultures for ophthalmic care in patients with HIV Marcus-M Gellrich, Elisabeth Baumert,JdorgA Rump, Peter Vaith, Frank THufert, Lutz L Hansen 823 Euphorbia sap keratopathy: four cases and a possible pathogenic mechanism Ingrid U Scott, Carol L Karp 827 Re-evaluation of hyaluronidase in peribulbar anaesthesia D P Prosser, G E Rodney, TMian, HMJones, M YKhan LABORATORY SCIENCE 831 Functional imaging of the retina using the multifocal electroretinograph: a control study S Parks, D Keating, TH Williamson,A L Evans, A TElliott,JI L3Jay 835 Neural network differentiation of and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy Leonard A Levin, Joseph F Rizzo III, Simmons Lessell 840 Role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of myopic and senile cataract TMicelli-Ferrari, G Vendemiale, I Grattagliano, F Boscia, L Arnese, E Altomare, L Cardia Perspective 844 The possible impact of uveitis in blindness: a literature survey M S A Suttorp-Schulten, A Rothova 849 Letters to the editor 854 Correspondence Book reviews Notices Correction 856 Instructions for authors Contents

No 10 OCTOBER 1996 Editorials 857 and amblyopia-chicken or egg? Alistair R Fielder, Merrick J Moseley 858 Blood pressure and glaucoma Scott Fraser, Richard Wormald, Roger Hitchings

Original articles - CLINCAL SCIENCE 860 Natural history of infantile anisometropia Maths Abrahamsson, Johan Sjostrand 864 Twenty four hour blood pressure monitoring in normal tension glaucoma J'org Heinrich Meyer,3ohannes Brandi-Dohrn, Jens Funk 868 Gains from cataract surgery: visual function and quality of life P Desai, A Reidy,D C Minassian, G Vafidis, J Bolger 874 Psychological aspects of excimer laser surgery for : reasons for seeking treatment and patient satisfaction Charles NJ McGhee, Dianne Orr, Brian Kidd, Cameron Stark, Iain G Bryce, Con NAnastas 880 Cost effectiveness and cost utility of preventing trachomatous visual impairment: lessons from 30 years of trachoma control in Burma T G Evans, M K Ranson, Tun Aung Kyaw, Chit Ko Ko 890 Penetrating keratoplasty in Africa: graft survival and visual outcome David Yorston, Mark Wood, Allen Foster 895 enlargement and cyst formation in uveitis Ronald C Gentile, Jeffrey M Liebmann, Celso Tello, Zeev Stegman, Scott S Weissman, Robert Ritch 900 Evolution of ophthalmic and electrophysiological findings in identical twin sisters with the carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1 over a period of 14 years I Casteels, W Spileers, A Leys, L Lagae, JJaeken 903 The efficient use of perimetry for neuro-ophthalmic diagnosis A Reitner, M Tittl, E Ergun, R Baradaran-Dilmaghani

LABORATORY SCIENCE 906 Presence of a smooth muscle actin in lens epithelial cells of aphakic rabbit eyes Daijiro Kurosaka, Katsuhiko Kato, Toshiyuki Nagamoto 911 Temporary corneal stem cell dysfunction after Hiroshi Fujishima,Jun Shimazaki, Kazuo Tsubota 915 Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: heteroplasmy is likely to be significant in the expression of LHON in families with the 3460 ND1 mutation G CM Black, KMorten,A Laborde,J Poulton 918 Reappraisal of the human ocular growth curve in fetal life, infancy, and early childhood Hans C Fledelius, Anders C Christensen Perspective 922 Thyroid eye disease Devron H Char 927 Letters to the editor 933 Correspondence Book reviews Notices 936 Instructions for authors

No 11 NOVEMBER 1996 Editorials 937 Towards the automatic interpretation of retinal images P Undrill 938 Lymphocyte subsets and ocular inflammation: future prospects for immune deviation therapy? Aize Kijlstra

Original articles - CLICAL SCIENCE 940 Automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy using an artificial neural network: a screening tool G G Gardner, D Keating, TH Williamson,A TElliott 945 Simulation of diabetic eye disease to compare screening policies Ruth Davies, Paul Sullivan, Chris Canning 951 Monitoring and evaluating cataract intervention in India Hans Limburg, Raj Kumar, D Bachani 956 Aetiology of uveitis in Sierra Leone, west Africa Mariolein J HRonday,JIan S Stilma, Robert F Barbe, Wilbur J McElroy, Leny Luyendijk, Arend HJI Kolk, Margreet Bakker,Aize Kijlstra, Aniki Rothova 962 Non-tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis: a study of 22 cases Samuel C M Huang, H Kaz Soong, 3ren-Shiang Chang, Yu-Sung Liang 969 Risk factors for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis recurring during treatment of stromal keratitis or iridocyclitis KR Wilhelmus, C R Dawson, B A Barron, P Bacchetti, L Gee, D B Jones, HE Kaufman,J Sugar, R A Hyndiuk, PR Laibson, R D Stulting, PA Asbellfor the Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group 973 Selective reduction of the S cone electroretinogram in diabetes Shuichi Yamamoto, Megumi Kamiyama, Koji Nitta, Tetsuya Yamada, Seiji Hayasaka 976 Retinal detachment in identical twins with Stickler syndrome type 1 Yoshihiro Watanabe, Masahiro Ueda, Emiko Adachi-Usami 982 Association of progressive outer retinal necrosis and varicella zoster encephalitis in a patient with AIDS G J van den Horn, C Meenken, D Troost 986 Extent and effect of surface tilt on the data display of the EyeSys videokeratoscope WA Douthwaite, S Pardhan, H Burek 994 and dry eye Hiroshi Fujishima, Ikuko Toda,Jun Shimazaki, Kazuo Tsubota 998 Refractive outcome in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity treated with cryotherapy or diode laser: 3 year follow up Donna M Knight-Nanan, Michael O'Keefe LABORATORY SCIENCE 1002 Melanoma specific Thl cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease Kazumi Norose, Akihiko Yano Contents

1009 Multidrug resistance in ocular melanoma M McNamara, M Clynes, B Dunne, R NicAmhlaoibh, WR Lee, C Barnes, S M Kennedy 1013 Monoclonal origin of localised orbital amyloidosis detected by molecular analysis Sylvia Pasternak, Valerie A White, Randy D Gascoyne, Stephen R Perry, Royce L CJohnson,Jack Rootman Perspective 1018 Molecular genetics of macular dystrophies Kang Zhang, Howard Yeon, Min Han, Larry A Donoso 1023 Letters to the editor 1028 Correspondence Book reviews Notices 1032 Instructions for authors

No 12 DECEMBER 1996 Editorials 1033 Trachoma-new opportunities to tackle an old problem B Thylefors 1034 Retrobulbar pressures in dysthyroid optic neuropathy Jrack Rootman Commentary 1035 Short term immunosuppressive therapy and long term immunoregulation: promises and problems John Isaacs, Andrew Dick Original articles - CLINICAL SCIENCE 1037 Prevalence and risk factors for trachoma in Sarlahi district, Nepal Joanne Katz, Keith P West,Jr, Subarna KKhatry, Steven C LeClerq, Elizabeth Kimbrough Pradhan, M D Thapa, Sharadar Ram Shrestha, Hugh R Taylor 1042 Retrobulbar pressures measured during surgical decompression of the orbit A Jan Otto, Leo Koornneef, Maarten Ph Mourits, Loes Deen-van Leeuwen 1046 Teletherapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularisation of age-related macular degeneration: results of follow up in a non-randomised study PM Hart, U Chakravarthy, G MacKenzie, D B Archer, R F Houston 1051 Scanning laser densitometry in visual acuity loss of unknown origin PJ DeLint,yE EKeunen, A TA Liem, D van Norren 1055 Acute IOP elevation with scleral suction: effects on retrobulbar haemodynamics Alon Harris, Karen Joos, Matthew Kay, David Evans, Rajesh Shetty, William E Sponsel, Bruce Martin 1060 Effect of oral nifedipine on ocular blood flow in patients with low tension glaucoma Orna Geyer, Meira Neudorfer, Ada Kessler, Edit Firsteter, Moshe Lazar, Yhoshua Almog 1063 Iridoschisis: high frequency ultrasound imaging. Evidence for a genetic defect? John Danias, Ioannis M Aslanides, Joseph WEichenbaum, Ronald H Silverman, Dan Z Reinstein, D Jackson Coleman 1068 Diurnal variations in human corneal thickness C L Harper, M E Boulton, D Bennett, B Marcyniuk, Y HJarvis-Evans, A B Tullo, A E Ridgway 1073 Treatment selections of 239 patients with blepharospasm and Meige syndrome over 11 years J'oseph A Mauriello, Jr, Shamina Dhillon, Tina Leone, Basil Pakeman, Ramin Mostafavi, Maria C Yepez 1077 Preschool vision screening: outcome of children referred to the hospital eye service Douglas K Newman, Anne Hitchcock, Helen McCarthy,John Keast-Buder,Anthony TMoore 1083 Primary localised amyloidosis of the orbit I E Murdoch, TJ Sullivan, I Moseley, P N Hawkins, M B Pepys, S Y Tan, A Garner, J E Wright

LABORATORY SCIENCE 1087 Mitomycin against posterior capsular opacification: an experimental study in rabbits Christine M Haus, Albert L Galand 1092 Immunocytochemical study of retinal diode laser photocoagulation in the rat P R S Richardson, M E Boulton,J Duvall-Young, D McLeod Perspective 1099 Toxoplasma gondii and ocular toxoplasmosis: pathogenesis C E Pavesio, S Lightman 1108 Letters to the editor 1116 Correspondence Book reviews Notices 1119 Author Index 1122 Subject Index Contents