UNITED NATIONS A
General Assembly Distr. GENERAL
A/47/1006 1 September 1993 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: CHINESE/ENGLISH/ FRENCH/RUSSIAN/ SPANISH
Forty-seventh session Agenda item 156
ELECTION OF JUDGES OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE PROSECUTION OF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR SERIOUS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW COMMITTED IN THE TERRITORY OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA SINCE 1991
Curricula vitae of candidates nominated by States Members of the United Nations and non-member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations Headquarters
Note by the Secretary-General
CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 3
II. CURRICULA VITAE ...... 4
Mr. Georges Michel ABI-SAAB (Egypt) ...... 4
Mr. Julio A. BARBERIS (Argentina) ...... 5
Mr. Raphaël BARRAS (Switzerland) ...... 7
Mr. Sikhe CAMARA (Guinea) ...... 8
Mr. Antonio CASSESE (Italy) ...... 12
Mr. Alfonso DE LOS HEROS (Peru) ...... 14
Mr. Jules DESCHENES (Canada) ...... 15
Mr. Jerzy JASINSKI (Poland) ...... 23
Mr. Heike JUNG (Germany) ...... 29
93-47106 (E) 030993 030993 /... A/47/1006 English Page 2
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
Mr. Adolphus Godwin KARIBI-WHYTE (Nigeria) ...... 31
Mr. Valentin G. KISILEV (Russian Federation) ...... 37
Mr. Germain LE FOYER DE COSTIL (France) ...... 38
Mr. LI Haopei (China) ...... 39
Ms. Gabrielle Kirk McDONALD (United States of America) ...... 43
Mr. Amadou N’DIAYE (Mali) ...... 45
Mr. Daniel David Ntanda NSEREKO (Uganda) ...... 49
Ms. Elizabeth ODIO BENITO (Costa Rica) ...... 56
Mr. Hüseyin PAZARCI (Turkey) ...... 60
Mr. Moragodage Christopher Walter PINTO (Sri Lanka) ...... 65
Mr. Rustam S. SIDHWA (Pakistan) ...... 66
Sir Ninian STEPHEN (Australia) ...... 68
Mr. Lal Chand VOHRAH (Malaysia) ...... 69
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I. INTRODUCTION
The Secretary-General has the honour to submit to the General Assembly the curricula vitae of the candidates nominated by States Members of the United Nations and non-member States maintaining permanent observer missions at United Nations Headquarters, for the election of judges of the International Tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991. The names of the candidates nominated for this election and the voting procedures to be followed in the General Assembly are set out in a memorandum by the Secretary-General issued as document A/47/1005.
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II. CURRICULA VITAE
Georges Michel ABI-SAAB
(Egypt)
Born at Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt, on 9 June 1933.
Licencié en droit of the University of Cairo (1954). Postgraduate studies in law, economics and politics at the Universities of Cairo (D.E.S. in Private Law and in Public Law), Paris, Michigan (M.A. Econ.), Harvard (LL.M., S.J.D.), Cambridge and Geneva (Doctor of Political Science). Diploma of the Hague Academy of International Law.
Professor of International Law at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva, since 1969 (having taught there since 1963).
Member of the Institute of International Law.
Member of the Egyptian delegation to the Conference of Government Experts (1972) and the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts (1974-1977).
Counsel and Advocate of the Tunisian Government in the case concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) before the International Court of Justice; and of the Egyptian Government in the arbitration on the Frontier Dispute (Taba) (Egypt/Israel).
Judge ad hoc in the case concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali), before a Chamber of the International Court of Justice.
Judge ad hoc in the case concerning the Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad).
Author of numerous books and articles, including Les exceptions préliminaires dans la procédure de la Cour internationale, Etude des notions fondamentales de procédure et des moyens de leur mise en auvre (Paris, Pedone, 1967); International Crises and the Role of Law: The United Nations Operation in the Congo 1960-1964 (Oxford University Press, 1978); The Concept of International Organization (as editor) (Paris, UNESCO, 1981; French edition, 1980); and two courses at the Hague Academy of International Law: "Wars of National Liberation in the Geneva Conventions and Protocols" (Recueil des cours, vol. 165 (1979-IV)) and the General Course in 1987.
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Julio A. BARBERIS
(Argentina)
Born at Buenos Aires, 1936.
Diploma from the University Institute of Advanced International Studies (Geneva). Doctor in Law (Buenos Aires).
Full professor at the Faculty of Law of the Catholic University of Buenos Aires.
Argentine representative on the Argentine-Paraguay joint commission on the river Paraná.
Judge at the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (San José). Member of the international arbitral tribunal of Salto Grande (Argentina-Uruguay). Member of the arbitral tribunal for the interpretation of the judgement of King Edward VII on the Argentine-Chilean border question (Rio de Janeiro). Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (The Hague).
Member of the International Law Institute. Member of the Spanish-Portuguese-American Institute of International Law (Madrid).
Teaching assistant (1958), lecturer (1959), head of research (1962-1964) and professor (1984) at the University of Buenos Aires. Teaching assistant (1960-1961) and visiting professor (1975) at the Max Planck Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht (Heidelberg). Professor at the Faculties of Law of the Catholic University of Mar del Plata (1965-1973) and the Catholic University of Buenos Aires (1968). Has taught courses at The Hague Academy of International Law (1983 and 1992), at the Institute for Advanced International Studies of the University of Paris II (1986, 1991) and at the Inter-American Juridical Committee of the Organization of American States (Rio de Janeiro, 1986). Director of the research centre of The Hague Academy of International Law (1990).
Adviser in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship (1966-1967). Legal counsellor on the Interprovincial Boundary Commission (1968-1969). Director of international rivers policy (1970). Permanent representative of Argentina to the Intergovernmental Coordinating Committee on the River Plate Basin (1970-1973). Legal counsellor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship (1976-1978). Ambassador to the Netherlands (1978-1984). Consultant of the special Argentine mission to the Holy See concerning the southern question between Argentina and Chile (1983).
Argentine representative for numerous negotiations and international conferences concerning the use of international rivers, the protection of the environment, and the exploitation of natural resources.
President of the arbitral tribunal between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal (Geneva, 1986-1989).
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Consultant at the Institute for Latin American Integration (INTAL) (1973) and the United Nations Environment Programme (1973). Legal adviser to the Argentine-Paraguay Joint Commission on the river Paraná (1973-1974). Deputy legal director of the binational entity of Yaciretá (1974-1976). Legal adviser to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, for the organization for the improvement of the river Gambia (Dakar) (1984-1985). Adviser to the United Nations on questions relating to international water resources (1986, 1988).
Member of the International Council of Environmental Law (Bonn) and the International Association for Water Law (Rome).
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Paraguay), Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau (Netherlands).
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Raphaël BARRAS
(Switzerland)
Born 1 July 1926, at Corpataux (Canton of Fribourg). Married, four children.
Studies: Secondary studies at the Collège St. Michel, Fribourg, emphasis on humanities (1938-1946). Licence en droit (LL.B.), University of Fribourg (1950). Admitted to the Fribourg bar (1952).
Professional activities: Clerkship at the Morat District Court (1952-1954). Head of Public Health and Administrative Police Service of the Canton of Fribourg (1955-1960). Examining magistrate (criminal matters); President of District Court, Fribourg; President of the Cour d’Assises (capital crimes), Fribourg (1960-1977). President of the Cantonal Conciliation and Arbitration Commission in Industrial Matters (1965-1977); Judge of the Supreme Military Court of Appeals (1974-1977). Head of the Military Justice Service of the armed forces (Auditeur en chef de l’Armée), with the rank of Brigadier General. Lecturer in criminal law, disciplinary law, and international humanitarian law, War College of the Federal Polytechnical School, Zurich (1978-1991).
Other activities: Vice-President of the International Society of Military Law and the Law of War, Head of a subcommission (1985-1991); President of said Society (from 1991); member of the International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo (from 1987). President and/or member of the governing council of several charitable or ecclesiastical foundations.
Activities in the armed forces: Commissioned 1948; company, battalion and regiment commander of a mountain infantry division; member of the General Staff; Chief of Staff of a mountain infantry division; Brigadier General (1977).
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Sikhe CAMARA
(Guinea)
Born at Boké.
Educated at Conakry, Dakar and at the William-Ponty Teachers’ Training College, Sébikhotane (Senegal).
1947 Baccalaureate, first and second parts.
University education
1949 Diploma from the Institut des Sciences polititiques, Paris.
1950 Degree in Law from the University of Paris. Faculty of Letters, Sorbonne, Paris, Certificate in modern and contemporary history.
1951 Vocational training certificate as a lawyer, Paris. Advanced studies diploma in private law, Certificate of criminology at the Faculty of Law, Paris.
1952 Advance studies diploma in public law, Doctor in law.
Professional, diplomatic and governmental activities
1951-1953 Trainee lawyer, later registered at the Court of Paris. Secretary of the Council of the Order of Lawyers, Paris.
1953-1958 Defence lawyer, resident in Abidjan.
1958-1959 President of the Court of First Instance of Conakry, following the referendum of 28 September 1958, the departure of France, and the independence of Guinea, proclaimed on 2 October 1958. Appointed senior magistrate of Guinea.
1959-1961 Public Prosecutor, Head of the Guinean Legal Service.
1961-1964 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Guinea to Yugoslavia (one of the first African heads of mission in that country), Belgrade.
1964-1966 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Guinea to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, in Moscow, with diplomatic competence in the six other socialist countries in Europe, with the exception of Yugoslavia, and in Finland, as well as in three Asian countries, Afghanistan, Mongolia and Pakistan.
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1966-1968 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Guinea to the Federal Republic of Germany in Bonn, with competence in Switzerland (Berne), Italy (Rome) and the three Asian countries previously under the authority of Moscow and recently transferred.
1968-1969 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Guinea to Senegal, in Dakar, with competence in Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania and Spain.
1969-1970 Public Prosecutor for the second time, Head of the Guinean Legal Service.
1970-1971 Secretary of State for Justice.
1972-1973 Secretary of State for Scientific Research and Correspondence Courses.
1973-1979 Minister for Higher Education, Scientific Research and Correspondence Courses.
1979-1984 Minister of Justice.
Current situation
1987-1988 Director-General of barristers’ chambers in Conakry.
1988-1993 Elected and re-elected President of the Guinean Barristers’ Association.
1990 Elected President of the Association of Foreign and Guinean Barristers’ Chambers in Guinea.
1991 Again authorized to practise as a lawyer at the Court of the Bar of Guinea.
1991 Elected President of the Association of Former Pupils of the William-Ponty Teachers’ Training College of Gorée and Sébikhotane (Senegal).
1992 Elected Vice-President of the Guinean Association of Former Diplomats.
1993 Elected Council member and appointed as Secretary-General of the Guinean Order of the Bar, starting on 5 February 1993.
Research and teaching activities and activities in the legal and cultural fields
1964 Certificate in Serbo-Croat from the University of Belgrade, during diplomatic posting.
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1964-1965 Elected member of the Arbitration Commission of the Organization of African Unity at its third Summit, in Accra, and approached about becoming its Secretary-General, if the inter-African body were able to function effectively. However, circumstances at the time were not conducive to the activities of the Commission.
Also assisted with the drafting of the Penal Code of Guinea promulgated by Decree No. 313/PRG of 30 October 1965.
1965-1966 Although resident abroad at the time, played an active part in the drawing up of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Guinea adopted by law 64 of 21 September 1966.
1979-1984 As Minister of Justice for the second time, took the initiative and played an active role, including a genuine scientific contribution, in drawing up the Civil Code adopted by law No. 004/APN/83 of 16 February 1983 and the Code of Civil and Commercial Procedure adopted by law No. 005/APN/83 of 16 February 1983.
1969-1979 Professor of law at the Gamel Abdel Nasser University of Conakry, lecturing in international public and private law, together with other offices and responsibilities held.
1979-1980 Member of the scientific committee responsible for compiling the ten-volume Encyclopédie juridique de l’Afrique covering 17 Black African francophone countries.
1981 One of the editors of volume II of the collection published by Nouvelles Editions Africaines entitled Droit international et relations internationales, in close collaboration with Mr. Joseph Owona of Cameroon, professor of law, then Director of the Institute of International Relations of Cameroon.
The work in question is a prestigious collection whose legal merits were recognized at a general assembly of authors and leaders in Abidjan.
1981 While Minister of Justice, acted as legal counsel for Guinea in its maritime dispute with Guinea-Bissau over a period of several years before the matter was settled by arbitration.
Literary works
1967 Poèmes de Combat et Vérité
(collection of poetry published by Editions Pierre Jean Oswald).
1973 Clairière dans le Ciel
(Editions Présence Africaine).
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1976 Lecture given to mark the week of solidarity between Guinea and Palestine.
1978 De l’Empire au Référendum gaulliste de 1958.
1980 L’Université guinéenne (Conakry, February).
1980 Somme de la Poésie guinéenne de combat
(poetry, Editions Eddar El Beida, Casablanca).
Indépendance guinéenne et mutations
(historical work at an advanced stage of preparation due to be published during the first half of 1994 at the latest).
Activities relating to international conferences
1958-1959 Member of many Guinean delegations to the United Nations since the independence of Guinea.
1960-1984 Head of Guinean delegations to various international conferences in different African, Asian and Latin American countries, including in particular the International Labour Organisation, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the non-aligned countries, the developing countries, the Organization of the Islamic Conference.
Took part in most meetings of the Organization of African Unity from the time of its establishment on 25 May 1963 until 1983.
Has taken part in numerous meetings and missions of government delegations.
Has on various occasions undertaken important and interesting conference missions, either alone or at the head of national delegations, to perform governmental, technical or political duties, or on the personal instructions of the Head of State.
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Antonio CASSESE
(Italy)
Born in 1937.
1972-1974 Professor of International Law, Department of Law, Pisa University.
Since 1975 Professor of International Law, "C. Alfieri" Department of Political Science, Florence University.
1979-1980 Visiting Fellow, All Souls College, Oxford.
Since 1987 Professor of International Law, European University Institute.
Visiting Professor: Geneva (Postgraduate Institute of International Affairs); University of Paris X, II, I and Collège de France; Universities of Cambridge (United Kingdom) and Oxford; The Hague Academy of International Law.
Member of the Italian Government delegation to:
International Conference on Human Rights, Tehran, 1968;
United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1972-1975;
United Nations General Assembly (Legal Committee), 1974, 1975, 1978;
Conference of Governmental Experts on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, 1971, 1972;
Geneva Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, 1974-1977;
World Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, Geneva, 1978.
Member of the Interdepartmental Committee on Human Rights appointed by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1979-1983.
Since February 1984 Member of the Human Rights Commission appointed by the Italian Prime Minister.
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Since March 1984 Delegate of the Italian Government to the Council of Europe Steering Committee for Human Rights.
1987-1988 Chairman of the Council of Europe Steering Committee for Human Rights.
1989-15 September 1993 President of the Council of Europe Committee for the Prevention of Torture.
Main publications:
Diritto internationale bellico moderno (Modern International Law of Warfare) (Pisa, Pellegrini, 1973).
(ed.) The New Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict (Naples, Editoriale Scientifica, vol. I, 1979; vol. II, 1980).
International Law in a Divided World (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1986); translated into Italian, Bologna, Il Mulino, 1986; into French, Paris, Berger-Levrault, 1986; and into Persian, Tehran, 1992.
(ed.) Legal Restraints on the Use of Force 40 years after the United Nations Charter (Dordrecht, Nijhoff, 1986).
Change and Stability in International Law Making (ed., with J. Weiler) (Berlin and New York, W. de Gruyter, 1989).
International Crimes of States (ed., with J. Weiler and M. Spinedi) (Berlin and New York, W. de Gruyter, 1989).
Violence and Law in the Modern Age (Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1988); translated into French, Presses Universitaires de France, 1990; and into Japanese, Kyoto University Press, 1993.
Terrorism, Law and Politics (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1989).
Human Rights in a Changing World (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1990); translated into Spanish, Barcelona, Editorial Ariel, 1991.
(ed.) The International Fight against Torture (Baden-Baden, Nomos Verlag, 1991).
Human Rights and the European Community (ed., with A. Clapham and J. Weiler) (Baden-Baden, Nomos Verlag, 1991, 3 vols.).
(ed.) B. V. A. Röling, The Tokyo Trial and Beyond (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1993).
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Alfonso DE LOS HEROS
(Peru)
Attorney. Studied at the Faculty of Letters and the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, receiving the degrees of Bachelor of Law and Political Sciences and of Attorney at Law.
Member of the illustrious College of Attorneys of Lima from 20 October 1984, having served as member of the Board of Directors of that College in 1979-1980.
Practising law as an associate of the law firm of Luis Echecopar Garcia.
Co-author of Labour Manual and Manual of Labour Law and contributor to various legal periodicals.
Professor at the University of Lima in the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences.
Member of the Iberian-American Institute of Labour and Social Security Law and of the Peruvian Society for Labour and Social Security Law.
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Government of Peru between November 1991 and April 1992 and Minister of Labour and Social Welfare from February 1991 to April 1992.
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Jules DESCHENES
(Canada)
Born 7 June 1923, Montréal, Québec.
Married, five children.
Chairman of the Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals in Canada (1985-1987).
President of the Inquiry Commission of the International Labour Organisation on Romania (1989-1991).
Member of the Extraordinary Challenge Tribunal under the Canada-United States of America Free Trade Agreement (1989-1994).
President of the Royal Society of Canada (1990-1992).
Member, Canadian delegation, forty-seventh session, General Assembly (1992).
Elected member of the United Nations Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities (Geneva, 1984-1987).
Adviser to the Canadian delegation to the fortieth session of the Human Rights Commission (Geneva, 1984).
Consultant to the Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (Vienna, 1983-1984).
Member, Advisory Board of the Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers (Geneva, 1990- ).
Chairman of the Board, Canadian Human Rights Foundation (1989).
Member of the Board of Directors of the International Economic Law Society (Canada, 1988-1990).
President for the Americas of the World Association of Judges (1987-1990); Vice-President (1985-1987).
Member of the Board of Directors of the International Institute of Comparative Linguistic Law (1987-1990).
Member of the Executive Committee of the International Law Association, Canadian Branch (1984-1986).
Member of the Board of Directors of the Société québécoise de droit international (1984-1986).
Chairman of the First World Conference on the Independence of Justice (Montréal, 1983).
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President of the World Association of Judges’ Committee on Expanding the Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (1977-1982).
President of the Académie des lettres et des sciences humaines (1982).
President of the Admission School of the Bar of Québec (1988-1990).
Member of the Council of the World Peace through Law Centre (1980- ).
Guest lecturer
Out of Canada: Beijing, Boston, Cambridge, Caracas, Cotonou (Bénin), Jerusalem, Lahore, Madrid, Manila, New Delhi, New York, Nicosia, Santiago, Vienna.
In Canada: Halifax, Moncton, Québec, Trois-Rivières, Nicolet, Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Montréal, Valleyfield, Val-David, Amos, Montebello, Hull, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto, Edmonton, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria.
Distinctions
Officer of the Order of Canada (1989); Companion (1993).
Médallist of the Bar of Montréal (1993).
First Annual Prize of the Québec Interprofessional Council (1990).
Doctor juris utriusque, honoris causa, McGill University, Montréal (1989).
Médallist of the Bar of the Province of Québec (1989).
Governor of the Foundation of the Bar of Québec (1989).
Annual Award Recipient of the Canadian Bar Association (1988).
Vice-President (Québec) and Treasurer of the Order of Malta (1988-1989); Knight of the Order of Malta (1978).
Knight of Justice for the cause of Armenia (1986).
First Gold Medal of the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (1985).
Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, Concordia University, Montréal (1981).
Honorary Member Phi Delta Phi, Sir Wilfrid Laurier Inn, McGill University (1980).
Medal of silver jubilee of H.M. the Queen (1977).
Life Member of the Montréal Lawyers’ Benevolent Association.
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Member of: United Nations Association in Canada International Commission of Jurists (Canadian Branch) Canadian Council on International Law Association québécoise pour l’étude comparative du droit Société de droit international économique Canadian Bar Association Centre québécoise du P.E.N. international
Education
Legal studies, Université de Montréal President of the Class of 1946 Master of laws Medals of Governor-General and Lieutenant-Governor (1946)
Secondary studies Collège André-Grasset Collège de Montréal Séminaire de Philosophie, B.A. (1943)
Elementary studies Ecole St.-Jean-Baptiste de Montreal
Selected publications: books
Report of the Inquiry Commission of the I.L.O. concerning Romania,in collaboration, as President, with Francesco Capotorti and Budislav Vukas (Geneva, International Labour Organisation, 28 March 1991), 264 pages.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry on War Criminals (Ottawa, 30 December 1986), 966 pages.
Sur la ligne de feu, autobiographie d’un juge en chef (Montréal, Editions internationales Alain Stanké, 1988), 506 pages.
Judicial Independence: The Contemporary Debate, in collaboration with Shimon Shetreet (The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985), 700 pages.
Ainsi parlèrent les Tribunaux ..., II, Conflits linguistiques au Canada 1968-1985 (Montréal, Wilson and Lafleur Ltée, 1985), 716 pages.
Justice et pouvoir - A Passion for Justice (Montréal, Wilson and Lafleur Ltée, 1984), 300 pages.
Maîtres chez eux - Masters in their own house, in collaboration with Carl Baar (Ottawa, Canadian Judicial Council, 1981), 224 pages.
Ainsi parlèrent les Tribunaux ... Conflits linguistiques au Canada 1968-1980 (Montréal, Wilson and Lafleur Ltée, 1981), 503 pages.
L’école publique confessionnelle au Québec (Montréal, Editions Fides, 1980), 77 pages.
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Les plateaux de la balance (Montréal, Editions Leméac Inc., 1979), 265 pages.
The Sword and the Scales (Toronto, Butterworths and Co. (Canada) Ltd., 1979), 216 pages.
L’université: son rôle, le rôle de ses composantes, les relations entre ses composantes, in collaboration, as President, with the other members of the Commission conjointe de l’Université de Montréal (Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 1969), 333 pages.
Selected studies and addresses
"International crime and punishment: Dostoïevksi revisited", University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., 27 January 1993.
"The search for nazi war criminals in Canada", Boston College Law School, Boston, 10 April 1988; Cardozo Law School, New York, 12 April 1988.
"Les standards internationaux de justice", Mélanges Germain Brière. Faculté de droit, Section de droit civil, Université d’Ottawa, Collection Bleue (Montréal, Wilson and Lafleur Ltée, 1993).
"International law and the rights of indigenous (native) peoples", Vancouver, 26 September 1991, in Federalism-in-the-Making (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992).
"Variations sur le thème des droits humains à l’ONU", Canadian Human Rights Yearbook, (University of Ottawa, Carswell, 1987).
"Qu’est-ce qu’une minorité? Les droits des minorités". Les Cahiers de Droit Québec, Université Laval, 1986), vol. 27.
"International law: Its impact on the average Canadian", Canadian Bar Association (Alberta Branch), Alberta, 1984.
"Le droit à la vie et la menace de destruction nucléaire", Canadian Human Rights Foundation, Montréal, 1984.
"London-Edinburgh and Ottawa-Québec: A study in parallels", 1979, in The Cambridge Lectures (Butterworths and Co. (Canada) Ltd., 1981).
Vidéothèque
On war crimes, Aujourd’hui dimanche, with Anne-Marie Dussault, Radio-Canada, 7 March 1993.
Interview for the United Nations, Québec, 7 March 1985.
Audiothèque
The independence of justice, United Nations, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Geneva, 15 August 1986.
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Additional data
Member of the Bar of Québec (1946-1972; 1988- )
Queen’s Counsel (1961)
Counsel in several public inquiries
Justice of the Court of Appeal of Québec (1972-1973)
Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Québec (1973-1983)
Vice-President of the Royal Society of Canada (1982); Member (1977- )
First Vice-President of the Canadian Institute for the Administration of Justice (1980-1982)
Member of the Board of Governors and of the Executive Committee of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Legal Studies (1978-1982)
Member of the Executive Committee of the Canadian Judicial Council (1977-1983)
Honorary Member of the Board of Governors of the Université de Montréal (1977) Member of the Executive Committee (1970-1973) Member of the Board of Governors (1967-1973)
President of the Québec Advisory Council on Justice (1972)
Warden of the Paroisse St.-Germain d’Outremont (1970-1973)
President of the Montréal Port Council (1969-1970)
Trustee of the Foundation for Law Research in Canada (1967-1978)
President of the Québec Branch of the Canadian Bar Association (1966-1967)
President of the Québec Branch of the Defence Research Institute (1965-1967)
First President of the Québec Interprofessional Council (1965-1967)
Member of General Council of the Bar of the Province of Québec (1963-1964)
Member of Council of the Bar of Montréal (1962-1964)
Lecturer on private international law at the Faculty of Law of the Université de Montréal (1962-1969)
Studies and addresses
"Official, yet unequal", Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, 16 March 1993, to be published in Queen’s Quarterly.
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"La santé positive: facteurs conjugaux et familiaux", Montréal, 30 October 1992, in Le Médecin du Québec, vol. 28, 1993.
"Of rights and charters", The Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, 23 May 1992.
"The Royal Society of Canada and science and technology", Victoria, British Columbia, 30 September 1991, in Building the Culture (1991).
"Of Salt and spices", The Royal Society of Canada, Kingston, 6 June 1991.
"Souveraineté et justice", published under the title "Les juges sur la sellette" in Expressions, special issue, June 1991.
"Freedom of expression: the language issue in Québec (Canada)", World Peace through Law Centre, Beijing, 22 August 1989, in Law/Technology, vol. 23 (1990).
"Babel and Golgotha", Constitutional Studies Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, 28 April 1989, published in Language and the State - Langue et Etat (Editions Yvon Blais, 1991).
"The sale of children and the exploitation of child labour", in International Review of Criminal Policy, 1990 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.90.IV.3).
"Judicial independence: an international perspective", 9 November 1989, in The Independence of Judges and Lawyers in Pakistan (Lahore, International Commission of Jurists, 1990).
"Notes sur la littérature juridique au Québec", Centre québécois du P.E.N. international, Montréal, 26 May 1989, in L’écrivain: liberté et pouvoir (1989).
"The international protection of judicial independence", International Commission of Jurists, Caracas, 16 January 1989, CIJL Bulletin, No. 23 (January 1989).
"Le rôle du droit comparé dans l’évolution récente des droits de la personne au Canada", The Limitation of Human Rights in Comparative Constitutional Law (Cowansville, Québec, Editions Yvon Blais, 1986).
"Codification: valeurs et langage", Actes du Colloque international de droit civil comparé, Montréal, 1981 (published in 1985).
"Le rôle de la Sous-commission de la lutte contre les mesures discriminatoires et de la protection des minorités", Revue québécoise de droit international, vol. II, (1985).
"Le bilinguiseme devant les Tribunaux: le passé est-il garant de l’avenir?", Revue générale de Droit, University of Ottawa, vol. 14.
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"L’évolution historique du statut juridique des langues au Canada", Les Cahiers de Droit, Université Laval, vol. 24 (1983).
"The challenge from the Executive to the independence of the judiciary", Provincial Judges Journal, New Delhi, vol. 7 (1983).
"Etrangers dans leur propre pays", Revue du Barreau, vol. 42 (1982).
"Police et liberté en l’an 2000", 75e Conférence, Association canadienne des chefs de police, Montréal, ’80.
"Justice et pouvoir", Revue générale de Droit, University of Ottawa, vol. II (1980).
"On legal separatism in Canada", The Law Society of Upper Canada Gazette (1978).
"Le choix des juges", Revue du Barreau (1978), Présentation à la Société royale du Canada (1976-1978).
"La défense des droits de l’enfant", Revue de Droit de l’Université de Sherbrooke (1977).
"The judge as lawmaker", The Canadian Judiciary (Toronto, York University, 1976).
"Le Conseil canadien de la magistrature", Revue de Droit de l’Université de Sherbrooke (1976).
"Le rôle législatif du pouvoir judiciaire", Revue de Droit de l’Université de Sherbrooke (1974).
"Prescription et paiements anticipés", Assurances (1969).
"Ethique, impôt, crime et secret professionnel", Revue du Barreau (1968).
"Les articles 1 et 2 de la Loi du Barreau", Revue du Barreau (1968).
"Examen critique de l’organisation du Barreau", Revue du Barreau (1968).
"La fusion des professions d’avocat et de notaire", Revue du Barreau (1967); Revue du notariat (1967); Annales du notariat (Belgique) (1967).
"L’Universitaire et sa profession", Forum Universitaire (1967), vol. 2.
"L’enseignement universitaire et le monde professionnel", L’inter (May-June 1967).
"Les professionnels dans le Québec contemporain", Revue du Barreau (1967).
"Le mystère de l’article 75 du Code de procédure civile", Revue du Barreau (1966).
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"La syndicalisation des professionnels", Bulletin du Barreau (1965), vol. 1, No. 5; Revue de Droit du Travail (1965).
"Personal damages: non-fatal cases: Defendant’s position", The W. C. J. Meredith Memorial Lectures (1964).
"La responsabilité sociale du Barreau", Revue du Barreau (1964).
"La théorie du renvoi en droit québécois", Études juridiques en hommage á Monsieur le juge Bernard Bissonnette (1963).
"Arbitration by advocates", Revue du Barreau (1963).
"Bis repetita placent", Revue du Barreau (1962).
"De la timidité des tribunaux en matière d’honoraires d’avocats", Revue du Barreau (1962).
Vidéothèque
Appearance before the Beaudoin-Edwards Committee on Constitution, Québec, 30 April 1991.
La loi des lois (Charte canadienne des droits), Radio-Canada, Montréal, 24 March 1991.
Royal Society of Canada Plan for the Advancement of Women, Concordia University, Montréal, 28 January 1991.
Québec Interprofessional Council, Twenty-fifth anniversary, Montréal, 4 May 1990.
Interview on career, Mr. Louis Sabourin, 18 January 1990.
Interview, "Impact", with R. G. Scully, Radio-Canada, Montréal, 29 October 1988.
Interview on the role of the Chief Justice, Pierre Nadeau, Radio-Quebec, Montréal, mid-September 1982.
Interview on the role of the judge, Denise Bombardier, Hebdo-Dimanche, Radio-Canada, Montréal, 27 August 1978.
Audiothèque
On the definition of "minority", United Nations, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, Geneva, 27 August 1984.
Opening of the Courts, Hull, 9 September 1982.
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Jerzy JASINSKI
(Poland)
Professor, Institute of Law, Polish Academy of Sciences
Born: 2 February 1930
August-September 1944 Soldier in Warsaw Uprising
October 1944-May 1945 Prisoner of war in Germany
1946 Return to Poland
1947-1948 Słowacki High School, Warsaw
1949-1954 Faculty of Law, Warsaw University
1955 Post-graduate scholarship, Polish Academy of Sciences
1957 Assistant Lecturer, Polish Academy of Sciences
1963 LL D (dissertation awarded first prize in the competition of the monthly State and Law
1964 British Council Scholarship, London
1960s-1970s Lecturer in criminology (Warsaw University, Jagiellonian University at Kraków, and University of Gdan´sk)
1976 Doctorate in criminology
Doctor habilitatis (book based on his dissertation "Expectation of criminality as a mass phenomenon" won the Petraz˙ycki Award sponsored by the Department of Social Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences
1977 Associate Professor
1979 Visiting Professor at Kyoto University
1981 Visiting Fellow at the Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University
1982 Visiting Fellow at the Max-Planck Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht (Friburg)
1984 Visiting Fellow at the University of Uppsala
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1987 Professor of Law
1989 Member of the Tribunal of State (elected by Sejm)
1989/1990 Visiting researcher at the University of California, Berkeley
1991 Vice-President of the Tribunal of State (elected by Sejm)
Member of the National Judiciary Council (designated by the President of Poland)
Main professional interests: Mass criminality; expectations of the future extent of criminality. Author of several books and numerous dissertations, articles contributed to professional journals
Member of the Commission for the Reform of the Polish Penal Code
Foreign languages: English, German (excellent) Russian, French (fair)
Married, two children
Selected bibliography
1. "Juvenile delinquency in the years 1951-1954 in the light of criminal statistics", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1956), No. 7.
2. "Criminal statistics and the real extent of crime", Problemy Kryminalistyki (1959).
3. (In collaboration with E. Syzduł), "Crime in Poland in the years 1954-1958 in the light of police statistics", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. I (1960).
4. "Young adults’ crime in Poland in the years 1951-1957", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. I (1960).
5. "Juvenile delinquency in Poland in the years 1951-1960", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. II (1964).
6. "The scholastic performance of juvenile delinquents", Kwartalnik Pedagogiczy (1964).
7. "The extent of young adults’ and adults’ crime in Poland in the years 1958-1962", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. III (1965).
8. "Delinquent generations in Poland", The British Journal of Criminology (1966).
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9. "The extent of crime and recidivism among young adults in Poland; an attempt at an evaluation", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1966), No. 6.
10. "The rise of recidivism - reality or illusion?" Pan´stwo i Prawo (1966), No. 9.
11. "An evaluation of future convictions of recidivists". Pan´stwo i Prawo (1967), Nos. 8-9.
12. "The prognosis of the rate and number of young adults’ convictions in the year 1970", Przegla˛d Penitencjarny (1967).
13. "La délinquance des mineurs et des jeunes adultes en Pologne de 1951 à 1962", in La délinquance juvénile en Europe (Bruxelles, Edition de l’Institut de Sociologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1968).
14. (In collaboration with H. Malewska) "Les rapports entre le développement économique et la délinquance juvénile: projet de recherche polonais", in La délinquance juvénile en Europe ...
15. "An analysis of the application of the Criminal Justice Act 1966 concerning petty offences", Zagadnienia Karno-Administracyjne (1969).
16. "Juvenile delinquency in Poland in 1961-1967: extent, structure, adjudicated means", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. IV (1969).
17. "Problems of prognosis of the extent of crime in Poland", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1970), No. 11.
18. "The extent of juvenile delinquency in Poland", Studia Prawnicze (1972). An abbreviated version of this paper was published in the Yugoslav journal Revija za kriminalistiki in kriminologijo (1973).
19. "The punitiveness of criminal justice systems: a cross-national perspective", Studia Prawnicze (1973). An abbreviated version of this paper was published in The Polish Sociological Bulletin (1976) and in the Japanese journal Hanrei-Times (1977).
20. "Return to crime and recidivism of adult offenders in the years 1963-1973", in Wybrane zagadnienia patologii społecznej (ed. M. Jarosz) (Warsaw, Główny Urza˛d Statystyczny, 1975).
21. The Crime Problem in Poland (ed. and contr. J. Jasin´ski) (Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1975).
22. "Forecasting future trends and patterns of crime in Poland", Studia Prawnicze (1975).
23. (In collaboration with J. K. Falewicz and A. Razniewski) Some Aspects of Social Pathology in Poland till the Year 1990: The State of the Art, Future Trends, Objectives, vol. I (Warsaw, Polska Akademia Nauk, Komitet Badan´i Prognoz "Polska 2000", 1975).
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24. "The educational and correctional means applied to juvenile delinquents in the years 1951-1974", in Wybrane zagadnienia patologii rodziny (ed. M. Jarosz) (Warsaw, Główny Urza˛d Statystyczny, 1976).
25. "Forecasting deviant behaviour", in Studia z teorii i metodologii prognozowania społecznego": prognozowanie zachowan´ (eds. A. Sicinski and A. Raz˙niewski) (Warsaw, Pan´stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1976).
26. "Trends in penal policy, 1972-1976", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1978), No. 2.
27. The Problems of Social Maladjustment and Crime in Poland (ed. and contr. J. Jasin´ski) (Wrocław, Ossolineum, 1978).
28. "Alcohol and crime: interdependence and methods of investigation", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1978), No. 12.
29. "Preventive measures against juvenile delinquency: identification of cases at risk, early intervention and procedures for treatment", in New approaches to treatment of young offenders (New York, United Nations, 1979).
30. "Capital punishment: moral and legal aspects", Wie˛z´ (1979).
31. "Economic development and crime in Poland" (in Japanese), Hogakuronso (Kyoto Law Review) (1979).
32. "Return to crime and recidivism in Poland" (in Japanese), Keisei (The Japanese Journal of Corrections) (1980). This paper was published also in English and Russian in Fourth Regional Seminar of the International Centre of Comparative Criminology, Proceedings, Visegrad, 4-7 December 1979 (Etvös University, Budapest; ICCC - Université de Montréal, 1981); and in Georgian, in Soberota Somartali (1982).
33. Forecasting Future Trends of Crime (Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1980).
34. "Against capital punishment", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1981), Nos. 9-12.
35. "Main trends in penal policy in the seventies", in Scandanavian-Polish Workmeeting on the Process of the Criminal Justice System, Vordingborg, Denmark, 18-21 May 1981 (Scandanavian Research Council for Criminology).
36. "Trends in criminal policy, 1970-1980", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. VIII-IX (1982).
37. "Poland", in International Handbook of Contemporary Developments in Criminology, volume on Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Asia (ed. E. H. Johnson) (Westport and London, Greenwood Press, 1983).
38. "Punitiveness of criminal justice systems revisited", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1984), No. 6.
39. "Criminal policy of the courts, 1979-1983", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1984), No. 11.
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40. Survey Research on Alcohol Drinking in Poland in 1980 (Warsaw, Społeczny Komitet Przeciwalkoholowy, 1984).
41. Public Opinion on Alcohol Drinking (Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Radia i Telewizji, 1985).
42. "Main trends in penal policy in Poland" (in Japanese), Comparative Law Review (1985).
43. "Consumption of alcohol in Poland: the results of a survey of 1980" (in Japanese), Comparative Law Review (1985). This paper was published also in English, in Alcohol and Alcohol Problems, Polish-Swedish Symposium, held at Warsaw and Mogilany from 26 to 28 June 1984 (Warsaw, Psychoneurological Institute, 1985).
44. "Trends in crime against the person and the changes in penalties imposed on the perpetrators of these offences", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1986), No. 9.
45. "Privatization of prisons in the United States of America", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1987), No. 1.
46. "Social pathology in Poland: a concept and definitions", Nowiny Psychologiczne (1987).
47. "Alcohol dependence and determining of its scope in survey research", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1988), No. 3.
48. "Trends in criminal policy in the eighties (1982 and 1986)", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1988), No. 6.
49. "The motivational pattern of drinking", Alkoholizm i Narkomania (winter 1988).
50. "The rules of criminal responsibility of previously convicted offenders: the criminological point of view", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1989), No. 8.
51. Problems of Social Maladjustment and Crime in Poland (ed. and contr. J. Jasin´ski) (Wrocław, Ossolineum, 1989).
52. "Some problems related to compulsion in dealing with alcohol and drug dependent persons: the Polish experience", in Alcoholism and Other Dependencies (eds. A. Piotrowski, S. Leder and B. Gawron´ska) (Warsaw, Polish Psychiatric Association, 1989).
53. "Consumption of alcohol in Poland in 1985, Part I: Patterns of behaviour, Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. XVI (1989).
54. "Criminology or criminologies? On varieties of ways of practising criminology", Kosciół i Prawo, vol. 7 (1990).
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55. "Methods of data collection from the general population which relate to alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use: the Polish experience", in Alcohol and Drugs: Research and Policy (eds. M. Plant, C. Goos, W. Keup and E. Osterberg) (WHO Regional Office for Europe, Edinburgh University Press, 1990).
56. "For a new system of penal measures", Przegla˛d Prawa Karnego (1990).
57. "Basic methodological problems of research on drinking carried out in the general population", Alkoholizm i Narkomania (winter 1990).
58. "The legislative process and mental health care: the Polish experience", in International Seminar on Innovations in Mental Health Legislation and Government Policy: a European Perspective (eds. E. H. Cox-Feith and B. N. W. de Smit) (The Hague, Ministry of Justice, 1991).
59. "The abortion controversy and the law", Pan´stwo i Prawo (1991), No. 6.
60. "Consumption of alcohol in Poland in 1985, Part II: Attitudes and opinions", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. XVII (1990).
61. "Compulsory versus voluntary treatment of alcohol dependent persons: an unresolved dispute", in Mental Health: Legal, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects (eds. J. Casselman et al.) (Leuven, 1992).
62. "Alcohol use in Poland: estimates derived from a quota sample and a random sample of the population", Archiwum Kryminologii, vol. XVIII (1992).
63. "Use and misuse of alcohol: the Polish way", in Praca i uczciwosc (ed. A. Pawełczynska) (Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Archidiecezji Warszawskiej, 1992).
64. "The new draft of the Code of the execution of penalties", Przegla˛d Wie˛ziennictwa Polskiego (1992).
65. "House arrest", in Problemy kodyfikacji prawa karnego: Ksie˛ga ku czci Profesora Mariana Cies´laka (ed. S. Waltos´) (Kraków, Uniwersytet Jagiellon´ski, Katedra Poste˛powania Karnego, 1993).
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Heike JUNG
(Germany)
Holder of the chair of criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology and comparative criminal law at the University of the Saarland.
Born in Germany in 1942
1972-1976 Assistant Professor of criminal law, criminal procedure and criminology at the University of the Saarland
1976-1977 Professor of criminal law at the University of Hamburg
1977-1978 Professor of criminal law and criminal procedure at the University of the Saarland since 1979 Full Professor, Chair of criminal law, criminal procedure, criminology and comparative criminal law at the University of the Saarland
1980-1987 Judge at the Saarbrücken Regional Court (as a by-office)
1986 Visiting Professor at Edinburgh University since 1987 Judge at the Saarbrücken Higher Regional Court since 1989 Deputy Member of the Saarland Constitutional Court since 1990 Member of the Council of Europe’s Criminological Scientific Council
1990/91 Visiting Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford
1993 Visiting Professor at the University of Paris I (Panthéon-Sorbonne)
Independent publications
Der Einfluß des englischen Rechts im südafrikanischen Strafrecht (Bonn, 1973).
Straffreiheit für den Kronzeugen? (Köln, 1974).
"Le système des sanctions dans le droit pénal des mineurs en R.F.A.", Cahiers juridiques franco-allemands, No. 6 (1984).
"Das Strafrecht als Gegenstand der Rechtsangleichung in Europa", in: Goltdammers Archiv, 1983 (co-author H. J. Schroth).
"Compensation order: Ein Modell der Schadenswiedergutmachung", in: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, vol. 99 (1987).
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"L’expérimentation sur les êtres humains: reflexions d’un juriste allemand", in: Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé (1991).
"Towards a European criminal jurisprudence: the justification of criminal law by the Strasbourg court", in: Legal Studies (1991) (co-author Joxerramon Bengoetxea).
Sanktionensysteme und Menschenrechte. Schweizerische Kriminologische Untersuchungen, vol. 5 (Bern/Stuttgart/Vienna, 1992).
Publications together with other authors
Vorschläge zum Entwurf eines Strafvollzugsgesetzes, Fachausschuß I (Strafrecht und Strafvollzug) des Bundeszusammenschlusses für Straffälligenhilfe (Bonn, 1974).
Reform der Untersuchungshaft, Vorschläge und Materialien, Fachausschuß I (Strafrecht und Strafvollzug) des Bundeszusammenschlusses für Straffälligenhilfe (Bonn, 1983).
Albrecht, Hans-Jörg et al. (ed.), Kommentar zum Strafgesetzbuch (Neuwied, 1986).
Arbeitskreis deutscher, schweizerischer und österreichischer Strafrechtslehrer, Alternativ-Entwurf Wiedergutmachung (Munich, 1992).
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Adolphus Godwin KARIBI-WHYTE
(Nigeria)
Date of birth 29 January 1932.
Place of birth Abonema, Degema, Nigeria.
Married, with six children.
Education
1957-1960 University of Hull, Yorkshire, England, LL.B (Hons.).
1960-1962 University College, University of London, LL.M.
1965-1971 Faculty of Law, University of Lagos, Ph.D. in history and sources of Nigerian criminal law.
Professional experience
1962-1965 Research officer in law: restatement of African law, Project, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
1963-1964 Field Research in Sierra Leone and the Gambia: recording, restating, customary laws on land, marriage and succession, political institutions of the indigenous societies of the two countries.
Lecturer in law, Faculty of Law, University of Lagos: criminal law, company law, conflicts of laws, international law, press laws.
January 1971 Ministry of Justice, Rivers State, Port Harcourt: Head of Law Reporting, Revision and Research.
August- Columbia University Law School, New York: course in December 1972 legislative drafting and research.
June-August 1972 University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison: course in law and development.
1973 Appointed legal draftsman: drafting of legislation and supervision of junior members of the Division.
December 1975 Acting Solicitor-General: overall head of the Ministry and supervision of all the departments.
March 1976 Associate Professor of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Lagos.
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June 1976 Judge, Federal Revenue Court.
October 1980 Appointed Justice, Federal Court of Appeal.
July 1984 Appointed Justice, Supreme Court.
1975 Chairman, Administrative Inquiry into the Ministry of Works, Rivers State.
1977 Chairman, Counterfeit Currency Tribunal.
1979 Chairman, Election Tribunal II, Kwara State.
1980 Chairman, Inquiry into the Nigerian Agricultural and Cooperative Bank.
1987 Chairman, Civil Disturbances Tribunal.
1988 Chairman, Committee for the Unification and Reform of the Criminal Code, Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Act and Criminal Procedure Code.
Member, Advisory Committee on Judicial Education.
1987 Chairman, Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies.
1971 Chairman, Law Reporting Committee, Rivers State.
1977-1980 Chairman, Law Reporting Committee, Federal High Court.
Publications
Articles
Criminal law
1. "Res furtiva in Nigerian criminal law", Nigerian Bar Journal (1963).
2. "Unlawful possession in the criminal code", Nigerian Bar Journal (1967).
3. "Some recent amendments to the criminal code", Nigerian Law Journal (1969).
4. "Conspiracy in Nigerian criminal law", Nigerian Bar Journal (1971).
5. "The enigma of the contempt power", Nigerian Law Journal (1970).
6. "Seditious publications", in Press Law (1971).
7. "The Penal Code", Nigerian Journal of Islamic and Comparative Laws (1974).
8. "Cultural pluralism and the formulation of criminal policy". Paper read at the International Seminar on Criminology, Abidjan, April 1974.
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9. "Offences against the Persons (Special Provisions) Decree 1974", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law.
10. "Rational foundations of our criminal laws". Lecture delivered on 28 March 1990 at the Law Faculty, Ogun State University.
11. "Reshaping our criminal law". Lecture delivered on 23 July 1990 at the University of Benin.
12. "An examination of the criminal justice system". Contribution to the National Workshop on Law Development and Administration in Nigeria, 21-25 September 1987.
13. "National policy on compensation to victims of crime: how desirable?" Paper presented at the Conference on Criminal Justice, Restitution, Compensation and Victims Remedies, Abuja, 28-30 June 1989.
14. "Two decades of criminal policy: The Nigerian Experience", Justice (1990), vol. I.
15. "Problems of transnational criminal law in some African countries". Paper presented at the International Workshop on Principles and Procedures for a New Transnational Criminal Law, Freiburg.
16. "Federal Republic of Germany - Society for the Reform of the Criminal Law".
Company law
17. "Dismissal of managing directors", Nigerian Bar Journal (1966).
18. "Some reflections on company law reform". Lecture delivered at the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, on 28 April 1988.
Legal education
19. "Law teacher, law teaching and the legal profession in Nigeria". Paper presented at the Association of Law Teachers’ Conference at Zaria, 1968.
20. "Law faculty curricula in Nigerian universities: an evaluation". Paper presented at the Association of Law Teachers’ Conference at Ife, 1969.
21. "The future of the legal profession in Nigeria". Lecture delivered at the Nigerian Law School on 26 January 1991 in honour of the seventieth birthday of Chief F. R. A. Williams S.A.N.
Constitutional law
22. "The legal effect of creation of States on the organisation of the civil service". Paper jointly prepared and read with R. W. Imishue at the Conference of the National Society for Public Administration, 1969.
23. "Federal Military Government (Supremacy and Enforcement of Powers) Decree No. 28 of 1970", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law (1970).
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24. "The Constitution - Interpretation and Application: Commentary", All Nigeria Judges Conference Papers (1982).
25. "Constitutional experiments and the search for social justice: the Nigerian experience". Lecture delivered on 16 May 1986 at the University of Benin.
Jurisprudence
26. "Natural justice: never so unnatural", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law (1970).
27. "The decadence of an established aristocracy: chieftaincy among the Kalabari of the Rivers State", in African Indigenous Law (1975).
28. "Social change and the collaboration of legal institutions". Lecture delivered at the Annual Conference of the Magistrate’s Association of Nigeria, Minna, Niger State, 4-8 November 1985.
29. "Nigerian common law". Lecture delivered at the Faculty of Law, University of Lagos, 7 April 1987, on the occasion of the silver jubilee of the Faculty.
30. "The tyranny of judicial precedents". Lecture delivered at the University of Calabar, on 16 April 1988.
31. "The passive virtues of the judiciary". Lecture delivered on 23 April 1990 at the Faculty of Law, Bendel State University, Ekpoma.
32. "Technicalities in the administration of justice". Lecture delivered on 1 June 1991 under the auspices of the Inter-Faculty Law Journal.
33. "Judicial despotism and the development of Nigerian law". Contribution in Essays in Honour of Judge T. O. Elias.
34. "Politics of the judiciary: A Commentary". Paper read at the All Nigerian Judges Conference, 1988.
35. "The scope of locus standi". Lecture delivered during the second Judicial Lectures, held in Nike Lake Hotel, Enugu, November 1990.
36. "Denloye v. Medical and Dental Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law (1970).
Family law/conflicts of laws
37. "Nigerian divorce domicile: regional or federal", Nigerian Lawyers Quarterly (1964).
38. "The matrimonial causes decree 1970", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law (1970).
39. "O. Okpakapa v. Okoro and Anor", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law (1970).
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40. "A note on the introduction of monogamous marriages in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone Studies, No. 23 (1967).
41. "Social change, public policy and the concept of legitimacy". Paper read at the Magistrates Conference in Lagos, 1988.
42. "Reception of English Law in Sierra Leone: A historical treatment", Sierra Leone Studies (1966).
43. "History of native courts in Sierra Leone, 1787-1932", Sierra Leone Studies (1966).
44. "The reorganisation of native courts in Sierra Leone", Sierra Leone Studies (1967).
45. "The role and guidelines for the participation of the judiciary in criminal justice administration". Paper read at the Workshop National Committee on Crime Prevention and Treatment of Offenders, 26 and 27 June 1980.
Laws of contract, civil procedure, evidence
46. "Private contractual obligations and the Nigerian civil war", Nigerian Law Journal (1974).
47. "The domain of representative actions", Nigerian Journal of Contemporary Law (1972).
48. "Ambit of admissible dying declaration", Nigerian Law Journal (1974).
49. "Status and privileges in the Nigerian legal profession", in Fundamentals of Nigerian Law (1989).
Petroleum law
50. "Some aspects of the law and the petroleum industry in Nigeria" (1976).
51. Law Reports of the Rivers State, vols. I and II.
52. Revenue Court Law Reports, vols. I and II.
Books
1. Federal High Court: Law and Practice (1984).
2. Groundwork of Nigerian Criminal Law (1986).
3. The Relevance of the Judiciary in the Polity: An Historical Perspective (1987).
4. Criminal Policy: Traditional and Modern Trends (1988).
5. Sources of Nigerian Criminal Law (1991).
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Learned societies
Member of the Body of Benchers.
Member of the Nigerian Society for Criminology.
Member of the Society for the Reform of the Criminal Law in Common Law Countries.
Member of the Nigerian Society of International Law.
Member, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs.
Member, International Law Association.
Others
Member of the National Executive Committee of the Nigerian Red Cross Society.
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Valentin G. KISILEV
(Russian Federation)
Born in 1937
Education
Diploma of graduation from the Faculty of Law of Tomsk State University (1960)
Diploma of candidate in legal sciences following post-graduate studies in the International Law Department of Leningrad State University (1979)
Diploma of graduation from courses to raise the qualifications of judges at the Legal Academy, Moscow (1989)
Work in legal and judicial organs
Kaliningrad Procurator’s Office, Assistant Procurator (1960-1963)
Head of law practice (lawyer), Kaliningrad (1964-1975)
Chairman of Kaliningrad City Court (1975-1987)
Member of the Presidium of Kaliningrad Regional Court (1987-present)
First qualification category of the court (1993)
Member of the Qualifications Commission of Kaliningrad Regional Court
Member of the Russian Association of International Law
Publications in Russian
"Pravovaya pomoschch’ po ugolovnym delam", candidate’s thesis, 1979, Leningrad State University
"Ob osobennostyakh normoobrazovaniya v mezhdunarodunom prave", Pravovedenie, No. 4 (1974)
Ob okazanii pravovoi pomoshchi po ugolovnym delam mezhdu gosudarstvami (Kaliningrad University publication, 1978)
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Germain LE FOYER DE COSTIL
(France)
Born 27 December 1932 in Paris. Doctor of Law.
Speaks English.
Pupil advocate at the Paris Court of Appeal, Secretary of the Conference of Pupil Advocates at the Bar of Paris in 1958, he was a junior magistrate in 1961 before being appointed Deputy Government Procurator of the Court of Major Jurisdiction of le Mans in 1963.
Successively examining magistrate at Chartres in 1964, Deputy Procurator at Versailles in 1967 and judge of the Court of Major Jurisdiction of Paris in 1972, he was secretary general of the Presidency of the Court of Major Jurisdiction of Paris, together with Mme. Rozès, from 1976 to 1979.
Judge of the Paris Court of Appeal in 1979, and Divisional President of the Paris Court of Appeal in 1986, he has been Presiding Judge of the Court of Major Jurisdiction of Nanterre since 1987.
Demonstrator and assistant lecturer in criminal law at the Faculty of Law of Paris since 1965, he has also been senior lecturer at the National College of Magistrates since 1972.
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LI Haopei
(China)
Date of birth 6 July 1906
Place of birth Shanghai, China
Current main position Legal Advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
Education
LL.B., 1928; LL.M., 1930, Comparative Law School, Soochow University, China.
1935 Chinese Governmental Institute for the Training of Higher Judicial Officers, specialized in criminal law and criminal procedure, graduated with honours.
1936-1939 London School of Economics and Political Science, London University (advanced legal studies in international law under Professor Lauterpacht and in private international law under Professor Kahn-Freund).
Languages
Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish and Latin.
Positions
1939-1941 Associate Professor of Law, National Wuhan University.
1941-1945 Professor of International Law and Head of the Faculty of Law, National Wuhan University.
1945-1949 Professor of International Law and Dean of the College of Law, National Chekiang University.
1949-1956 Expert Commissioner, National Law Commission of China.
1956-1963 Professor of International Law at the College of Foreign Relations.
Since 1963 Legal Advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China and Part-time Professor of International Law in Peking University.
1985 Associate member of the Institute of International Law, elected at the Helsinki session; member since 1991.
1990 Lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law.
Member of the executive council of the Chinese Society of International Law as well as of the China Law Society.
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From 1993 Arbitrator of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
Professional activities
1945-1949 Teaching criminal law and law of criminal procedure at National Chekiang University.
1949-1956 In charge of the draft of the first Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Law of Criminal Procedure, as an expert commissioner of the National Law Commission.
1956 Chinese representative to the annual session of the Asian Legal Consultative Committee, Damascus.
1975-1979 One of the main drafters of the first Criminal Law of China and the Law of the Criminal Procedure.
1981 and Chinese representative to the annual session of the Asian-African 1985 Legal Consultative Committee.
1986 Chinese representative to the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or between International Organizations, Vienna, and member of the Drafting Committee.
1992 Chinese expert for the Working Group of the Hague Conference on Private International Law on the drafting of a convention on recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements.
Main writings
Books (in Chinese)
Introduction to Private International Law (Wuhan University Press, 1944).
The Law of Nationality: A Comparative Study (Commercial Press, 1979).
The Law of Treaties (Law Publishing House, 1988).
The Concept and Sources of International Law (in press).
Articles (Published in legal periodicals and the Chinese Encyclopedia of Law, all in Chinese, except the last one)
"Punishment of war criminals for the sake of world peace".
"The rule of law in the international community".
"Reservation in multilateral treaties".
"Jus cogens and international law".
"The problem of intertemporal law in treaties".
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"The conflict of treaties".
"Nationalization under international law".
"Pacta sunt servanda and the principles of sovereign equality and mutual benefit".
"Sovereign immunity and the case of Chinese aircraft in Hong Kong courts".
"The detention of Chinese diplomatic officers in Brazil".
"The present situation of Mancini’s nationality school".
"The comparative method in the study of law".
"A critique of the Code Napoleon".
"Renvoi in conflict of laws".
"The conflict of jurisdictions and laws concerning the death penalty".
"Ordre public in conflict of laws".
"The Guanghualiao case".
"The three schools of private international law in the nineteenth century".
"The rule of law and fundamental human rights".
"The conflict of laws relative to divorce and judicial separation".
"The execution of treaties".
"Chinese private international law".
"Switzerland’s private international law statute of 1987".
"Multilateral treaties regulating international civil jurisdiction".
"Recent developments in the conflict of laws of succession" (in English), in Recueil des Cours, the Hague Academy of International Law.
Over 30 articles on various subjects of private international law in the Chinese Encyclopedia of Law.
Translations
The Judgments of the Nuremburg Military Tribunal (from English to Chinese).
Verdross, Völkerrecht, 5th edition (from German to Chinese).
Wolff, Private International Law, 2nd edition (from English to Chinese).
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Code civil français (from French to Chinese).
Material Truth in the Soviet Law of Evidence (from Russian to Chinese).
Strafgesetzbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (from German to Chinese).
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Gabrielle Kirk McDONALD
(United States of America)
Born 12 April 1942 at St. Paul, Minnesota, two children.
Education
Howard University School of Law, Washington, D.C.; LL.B. (cum laude), 1966; graduated first in class of 1966
Hunter College, New York, N.Y., 1961-1963 (Dean’s List; History Honorary Society)
Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 1959-1961
Professional employment
Counsel, Walker and Satterthwaite, May 1991 to present
Partner, Matthews and Branscomb, Professional Corporation, August 1988 to April 1991
United States District Judge for the Southern District of Texas, 31 May 1979 to 15 August 1988
Partner, McDonald and McDonald, Houston, Texas, 1969-1979
Staff Attorney, Legal Defence and Educational Fund, Inc., of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, New York, N.Y., 1966-1969
Law teaching:
Starting in autumn of 1993: Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
August 1991 to present: Visiting Professor of Law, St. Mary’s School of Law, San Antonio, Texas
September 1977 to January 1978: Lecturer, University of Texas School of Law, Austin, Texas
1975-1977: Adjunct Professor of Law, Texas Southern University, Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston, Texas
1970: Assistant Professor of Law, Texas Southern University, Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Houston, Texas
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Professional licences
United States District Court, Southern District of Texas United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas United States District Court, Western District of Texas United States District Court, Northern District of Texas United States District Court, Southern District of New York United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
Professional associations
American Bar Association, Past Co-Chair, Employment Law and Labour Relations Committee, Litigation Section
National Bar Association, life member
Texas Bar Association, Vice-Chair, Alternative Dispute Resolution Committee
United States District Court, Western District of Texas, Austin Division, member, Court Administration Committee; member, Admissions Committee
United States Circuit Judge Nominating Commission, Western Fifth Circuit Panel (1977), former member
Judicial Planning Committee of Texas (1977), former member
Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services (JAMS), member
Boards and organizations
Member, Council of Women in Higher Education, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
Member, Board of Trustees, Howard University
Member, Board of Directors, People for the American Way
Third Vice-President, National Coalition of 100 Black Women, Inc.
Member, Board of Directors, Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights under Law
Member, Board of Directors, First Gibraltar; Chair, Public Responsibility Committee
Member, Board of the Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services
Member, Advisory Board Sojourner’s Trust
Civic honours
Texas Women’s Hall of Fame, 1993 Inductee
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Amadou N’DIAYE
(Mali)
Date and place of birth: 29 February 1948, Bamako
Marital status: Married, 2 children
Profession: Professor, higher education
Post currently held: Technical Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Education
1966 Basic studies diplomas, Bagadadji.
1969 Baccalauréat (Philosophy, arts), Lycée Askia Mohamed, Bamako.
1974 Degree (Licence) in law - ancien régime - Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Toulouse, France.
1975 Diploma of Advanced Studies (Diplôme d’Etudes Supérieures) in public law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Toulouse, France.
1976 Diploma of In-depth Studies in Political and Administrative Life, Social Sciences, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Toulouse, France.
1979 Doctorate (Doctorat d’Etat) in public law: distinction in international public law.
Professional experience
1975-1976 Instructor, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Toulouse, course in administrative law.
1976-1979 Institut languedocien des sciences administratives, Faculty of Law, Toulouse, France.
1981 Professor of Law, National School of Administration (ENA), Bamako, teaching: international public law, public freedoms and human rights; diplomatic history - international relations.
1982 Head of the Public Law Research Department. Professor at ENA. Professor at the School of the Magistracy.
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1982-1988 Lectures:
International public law, ENA Public freedoms and human rights History of international relations Civil law General culture.
Director of many fourth-year theses. Director-General of ENA.
1985 Founding Director of the Advanced Training Unit for Administration and Management.
1988 Professor of civil law in the School of Higher Practical Studies. Official in the Department of Juridical and Consular Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.
1990 Technical adviser responsible for juridical and consular affairs to the Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.
1993 Technical adviser, professor at ENA and at the Koulikoro Staff College.
Other activities
Member of the Board of Governors of the African Centre for Higher Studies in Management (CESAG), Economic Community of West African States, Dakar.
Member of the Higher Council of CESAG, Dakar.
Chairman of the panel on recruitment of professors for CESAG, 1986/1987.
Chairman of the Subcommission on Training and Refresher Courses of the National Commission on Administrative Reform, 1985-1987.
Member of the Malian Commission for UNESCO.
Member of the Committee on the establishment for Mali of the African Seminar on International Humanitarian Law.
Founder member of the Malian Human Rights Association.
First Vice-President of the Malian Human Rights Association, 1988-1991.
Member of the Study and Research Group on Democracy in Africa, Mali.
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Studies and seminars
1975 Marxisme et religion - Thesis, Diploma of Higher Studies in Public Law, Toulouse, France.
1976 Quelle nation pour le Mali?, Thesis on political and administrative life, political sciences, Faculty of Law, Toulouse, France.
1979 Les relations extérieures des Etats sans littoral d’Afrique Occidentale - doctorate thesis, public law, Faculty of Law, Toulouse, France.
1983 Rationalité géographique de l’enclavement, Revue No. 182, ENA Etudes et Documents.
1986 Rôle des Budgets régionaux dans le financement de l’éducation, Third education project.
Statements
1982 Law and development.
1985 The United Nations: role and prospects.
1986 International cooperation and the training of civil servants - Congress of the International Institute of Public Administration: views of the partner countries, Paris.
1989 The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
1990 General problems of disarmament, forty-fifth session of the General Assembly.
1991 Problems of disarmament: international arms transfers, forty-sixth session of the General Assembly.
Seminars and international meetings
1983 Management of human resources, ENA, University of Pittsburgh.
1985 Human resources management, directors of ENA, Lomé.
Management of communication and information within services, CESMAP, Paris.
1986 Course at the Professional Refresher Training Centre, Bujumbura (Burundi).
Seminar on the cultural dimension of development, African Cultural Institute, Dakar.
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1987 Juridical services in the rural environment, Lomé.
Juridical Commission of the Central Bank of the West African States, problems of diplomatic privileges and immunities, Dakar.
1990 Forty-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, First Committee.
1991 Forty-sixth session of the General Assembly, First Committee.
1992 Seminars on frontier problems and peaceful settlement of conflicts in Africa, United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament in Africa, Lomé.
Seminar on the peaceful settlement of internal conflict in Africa - strategies and methodologies.
Conflict-prevention mechanisms, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, International Peace Academy, New York.
Fifty-sixth ordinary session of the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), 22-27 July 1992, Dakar.
Twenty-eighth Conference of Heads of State and Government of OAU, 28 June-1 July 1992, Dakar.
1993 World Conference on Human Rights, 14-25 June 1993, Vienna.
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Daniel David Ntanda NSEREKO
(Uganda)
Personal particulars
Date of birth: 27 November 1941
Marital status: Married with children
Education
Secondary education
1959-1962 Kings College Budo, Cambridge School Certificate. Awarded the Tomblings Prize for Form IV History
1963-1964 Kings College Budo, Cambridge School Certificate. Awarded the Tomblings Prize for Form IV Fine Art and Public Affairs
University education
1973-1975 New York University School of Law, New York, N.Y. J.S.D.
1970-1971 New York University School of Law, New York, N.Y. LL.M.
1968-1970 Howard University School of Law, Washington, D.C., M.C.J. (Master of Comparative Jurisprudence)
1965-1968 University of East Africa, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania, LL.B. (Hon.)
Professional qualifications
Advocate, Supreme Court of Uganda
Work experience
September 1993 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Walter S. Owen Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Law
1990 to present University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana Associate Professor of Law
1985-1993 University of Botswana, Head of the Department of Law
1984-1990 University of Botswana, Senior Lecturer in Law
1983 United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, New York Social Affairs Officer
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1983-1984 Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch of the United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs Expert consultant
1978-1981 Full-time private law practice, Kampala
1975-1978 Makerere University, Kampala, Senior Lecturer in Law
1971-1974 Makerere University, Kampala, Lecturer in Law
1971-1978 Law Development Centre, Kampala, Adjunct Lecturer in Law
1968 Kiwanuka and Co., Advocates, Kampala, Pupil Advocate
Academic and professional activities
Teaching
I have taught the following courses to undergraduate students at Makerere University in Uganda and at the University of Botswana: International Law, Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, Evidence, Constitutional Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Administrative Law, Legal Ethics, Law of Business Associations, and Family Law. During the autumn of 1993 I shall be teaching a course in International Human Rights Law and/or Comparative Criminal Law at the University of British Columbia. I also taught principles of humanitarian law to senior army and police officers at a workshop organized by the International Committee of the Red Cross at Kampala in 1977.
External Examiner
As external examiner I act as "watchdog" for the appointing universities over academic standards by approving examination papers before the examinations are given, going over student scripts after they have been marked by the internal examiner, and by making suggestions for the improvement of the academic programmes that I externalize. I have acted as external examiner at the following universities:
1993-present University of Swaziland, Kwaluseni, Swaziland.
1992-present University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi.
1992-present National University of Lesotho, Roma, Lesotho.
1991-present University of Zambia, Lusaka.
1987-1990 University of Nairobi.
University administration
1975-1978 Served as a member of the Higher Degrees Committee of Makerere University, Kampala.
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1985-1993 Head of the Department of Law at the University of Botswana. Played lead role in designing and superintending the law programme. Served on numerous university-wide committees and presided over disciplinary committee proceedings involving students.
1992 Served as a resource person at a meeting of the University of Namibia Committee that was charged with the task of establishing a faculty of law for that University.
Law practice
As a private law practitioner (initially on a part-time basis 1972-1976 and full time 1976-1981), I represented clients in criminal, divorce, running down and commercial trials in Magistrates Courts, the High Court and the Court of Appeal. Some of the cases resulted in precedent-setting decisions. I also performed non-litigious work in such areas as company practice, conveyancing, trade mark registration, and acting as arbitrator. In the course of my practice I supervised postgraduate Bar students from the Uganda Law Development Centre on their internship/pupillage.
Trial observer
1990 Served as Amnesty International Observer in Swaziland; duties included observing a criminal trial of about 10 defendants charged with offences of a political character and writing a comprehensive confidential report in the context of international human rights standards.
Special mission
1991 Served on an Amnesty International human rights mission to Swaziland.
Expert consultant
1985 Served as expert consultant for the United Nations on a project on the preparation of plans for reform of the criminal justice system for Namibia, Rome.
1985 Served as expert consultant for the Sixth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders at Caracas (1980) and the Seventh at Milan, Italy (1985), and at regional and interregional preparatory meetings at Lusaka (1975), Addis Ababa (1978) and The Hague (1980).
1984 Served as expert consultant for the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch of the United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs and actively participated in the drafting of the United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power.
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Research and publications
Books
The Criminal Law of Uganda (in the International Encyclopedia of Laws. Professor Dr. L. Dupont and Professor Dr. C. Fijnaut of Leuven University (eds); shortly to be published by Kluwer Law and Taxation Publishers, Deventer, The Netherlands).
Criminal Procedure in Botswana: Cases and Materials (University of Botswana, Gaborone, 1993).
Eddembe Lyaffe (a treatise written in the Luganda language, literally means "Our Rights"; it discusses various aspects of human rights and has four appendices which are translations of key United Nations human rights instruments): shortly to be published with the assistance of the Danish Agency for International Development (DANIDA).
English - Luganda Law Dictionary (University of Botswana, 1993).
Antigone: a Greek Play by Sophocles, (a translation into the Luganda language) (Kampala, Marianum Press, 1989).
Criminal Procedure and Evidence in Botswana: Cases and Materials (mimeographed) (University of Botswana, 1987).
"The International Protection of Refugees" (Doctoral dissertation presented to New York University School of Law, 1975).
Police Powers and the Rights of the Individual in Uganda (mimeographed) (Makerere University, Kampala, 1973).
Chapters in books
"Victims of crime and their rights", in T. M. Mushanga (ed.), Criminology in Africa (United Nations International Crime and Justice Research Institute).
"The rights of children in Botswana" in The Rights of the Child (Nairobi, Initiative Ltd., 1989).
"Human rights: a legal perspective" in D. Rubadiri (ed.), Human Rights and You (Macmillan Botswana Ltd., 1989).
"Arbitrary deprivation of life: controls on permissible deprivations", in B. G. Ramcharan (ed.), The Right to Life in International Law, (The Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985).
Contributed to The Protection of Corporate Names: A Country by Country Survey, (New York, N.Y., Clark Boardman Co. Ltd., 1982).
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Book reviews
Review of D. Dyzenhaus, Hard Cases in Wicked Legal Systems: South African Law in the Perspective of Legal Philosophy (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991) in Canadian Journal of African Studies (1992).
Articles in international journals
"The poisoned tree: responses to involuntary confessions in criminal proceedings in Botswana, Zambia and Uganda" (accepted for publication by the African Journal of International and Comparative Law).
"The police, human rights and the constitution: an African perspective", Human Rights Quarterly (August 1993).
"Religious liberty and the law in Botswana today", Journal of Church and State, vol. 34, (1992).
"La religion et la loi au Botswana aujourd’hui", Conscience et liberté, vol. 43, (1992) (Bern, Switzerland).
"Extenuating circumstances in capital offenses in Botswana", Criminal Law Forum, vol. 2 (1991).
"Compensating the victims of crime in Botswana", Journal of African Law, vol. 33, (1989).
"The right to legal representation in Botswana", Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, vol. 17, (1988).
"Religion, the Law and the State in Africa", Journal of Church and State, vol. 28, (1986).
"The Right to Return Home in International Law", Indian Journal of International Law, vol. 21, (1981).
"The nature and function of marriage gifts in customary African marriages", American Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 23 (1975).
"The consul as a defendant: his amenability to the jurisdiction of the receiving State", Indian Journal of International Law, vol. 15, (1975).
"The International Court, impartiality and judges ad hoc", Indian Journal of International Law, vol. 13, (1973).
"The Tanzanian nationalization laws", Eastern African Law Review, vol. 3, (1970).
Conference papers and other papers
"Continuing judicial education in Botswana and Swaziland", a paper presented at a meeting of the Commonwealth Cooperation in Continuing Judicial Education in Vancouver, Canada, 11-13 March 1992.
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"Freedom of religion: hope for lasting peace and unity - the case of Botswana", paper presented at the All-Africa Religious Liberty Congress, Nairobi, 8-11 September 1991.
"Internal security and human rights: the Constitution and the police", a paper presented at a Conference on Constitutionalism and Rights, Makerere University, Uganda, 13-15 August 1991.
"Treatment of prisoners and international law of human rights", paper presented at the Seminar for Heads of Penitentiary Institutions of African Countries, Harare, 23 February-5 March 1988.
"The death penalty in Botswana", a paper presented at the "Reform of the Criminal Law Conference", Inns of Court, London, 26-29 July 1987.
"A Magna Carta for victims of crime", in Departmental Seminar Papers, vol. I (1985/86).
"The prisoner and human rights", a paper presented at the Botswana Prisons Service Workshop, Gaborone, 27 May-5 June 1987.
"Christianity and human rights", a paper presented at a workshop organized by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies (University of Botswana, 1985).
"Group victims of crime and other illegal acts linked to the abuse of public power with special reference to Africa", a paper prepared for the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch of the United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, New York, 1983.
"The Church in an emerging legal system: the case of Uganda", a paper presented at the International Christian Lawyers’ Conference, Geneva, 1981.
"Torture: a crime against humanity", an article published in The Exposure (Kampala, 1990).
Memberships
Editorial boards
1990-present Criminal Law Forum (Rutgers University, New Jersey)
1986-present Violence, Aggression and Terrorism (Danbury, Connecticut)
1985-present Journal of Church and State (Baylor University, Texas)
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Learned bodies
1991-present Fellow of the International Academy for Freedom of Religion and Belief, Washington, D.C.
1991-present Member of the International Scientific Advisory Committee and the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
1988-present Member and one of the directors of The Society for the Reform of the Criminal Law, Vancouver, Canada
1985-present Member, Akademe y’Oluganda (Luganda Academy)
1985-present Member, Ekibiina ky’Olulimi Oluganda (Luganda Language Society)
1975-1982 Member of the United States Trademark Association
1972-present Member of the Uganda Law Society and former member of the Law Council, its governing body
1972-1975 Student member of the American Society of International Law
Philanthropic organizations
1975-1980 Member of the Executive Committee of the Uganda Red Cross Society
Awards
1982 Fellow, Institute of International Law and International Relations Research, Hague Academy of International Law, The Hague
1972 Fellow of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, to observe session of the International Law Commission at Geneva
1972 Fellow of the external programme of The Hague Academy of International Law, Yaoundé
1970 Fellow of the International Legal Centre, New York, N.Y.
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Elizabeth Odio BENITO
(Costa Rica)
Education
Graduate studies Certificate of completion: Social and economic development, University of Buenos Aires, Organization of American States, 1968.
Title of notary public University of Costa Rica, 1965.
Licentiate’s degree in law University of Costa Rica (Honour Graduation), 1964.
High school diploma Colegio Superior de Señoritas (Honour Graduation), 1956.
University teaching experience at the University of Costa Rica
Chairholder/Law Chairs: Family Law, Labour Law, Introduction to Private Law, from 1987 to present.
Associate Professor Chairs: Family Law, Introduction to Private Law, 1974-1986.
Assistant Professor Chair: Introduction to Law Study.
In charge School of Social Services, chair: Economic/Social Organization of Costa Rica, 1969-1970.
In charge School of Law, Chairs: History of Law, Civil Law I, 1969-1970.
Teaching experience in Costa Rica
Invited Professor Institute of Human Rights, Inter-American Course on Human Rights, 1982-1983, 1985-1986.
International teaching experience
Invited Professor Strasbourg University, France. René Cassin Institute, 1986. Invitation extended, 1988.
Experience and research at the University of Costa Rica
Director School of Law, Juridical Research Institute, "Normative Background of the Labor Code", 1985-1987.
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Director School of Law, Social Law Institute, "Labour Laws of the Court of Cassation (Higher Court of Appeals", 1974-1976.
Director School of Law, Social Law Institute.
Director School of Law, "Law and Population", 1972-1973.
International university experience and research
Director Commission on Human Rights, United Nations, Geneva. "Discrimination and intolerance due to religion or convictions in the world", 1984-1987.
Director Fletcher School of Law, New York, "Law and population", 1972-1973.
Administrative experience at the University of Costa Rica
Acting Rector 9-15 November 1988.
Vice Rector of Education May 1988-May 1991.
Director School of Law, Division of Education, 1982-1984.
Director School of Law, Chair of Family Law, 1977 to present; Chair of Introduction to Law Study, 1987.
Director School of Law, Social Law Institute, 1974-1976.
Member Representative Assembly of the University of Costa Rica, 1986 to the present.
Member Organizing Committee of the Third University Congress, 1972-1973.
Professional experience - Administrative - Political
Minister of Justice May 1990 to the present. of the Republic of Costa Rica
Minister of Justice and 1978-1982. Attorney General of the Republic of Costa Rica
Private law firm 1970-1978, 1982-1990.
Special appointments Trustee in bankruptcy, for bankruptcy of Escalante and Associates, 1987 to the present.
Substitute Higher Judge, Labour Higher Court (Social Security-Unions), Arbitrator’s Award, 1988.
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International commissions
Member and representative for Latin America, Board of Trustees of the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, 1983 to the present.
Special Rapporteur on intolerance and discrimination on grounds of religion or belief, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1984-1987.
Member, Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, 1980-1983.
Member, Intergovernmental Working Group in charge of preparing an effective international programme on delinquency and criminal justice, 1991.
Honours
Monsignor Leonidas Proaño Awards for Defenders of Peace, Justice and Human Rights, granted by the Latin American Association for Human Rights.
First female chairholder, School of Law, University of Costa Rica, 1987.
Recommendation for special publication: Discrimination and Intolerance on Religion and Conviction, United Nations, Geneva, 1987-1988.
Recognition as an international expert on human rights, religion and discrimination, United Nations, Geneva, 1986.
Recognition for distinguished work as the Minister for Justice: Inmates and officials of the National Penitentiary System; Centres for Juvenile Delinquents; Lawyers of the Attorney General’s Office.
Recognition for distinguished work on human rights, Bar Association of Mexico, 1978.
Publications
"Los Convenios en la Quiebra" Revista de Ciencias Jurídicas de la Facultad de Derecho, No. 6 (November 1965).
El Derecho y la Población en Costa Rica (two vols.), School of Law, University of Costa Rica, 1973-1974.
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"Population and the Role of Law in Costa Rica", Law and Population Programme, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1974.
"Familia de hecho", Revista Judicial de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, No. 8 (June 1978).
"Convenciones colectivas celebradas en Costa Rica" (1968-1974), Revista de Ciencias Juridicas de la Facultade de Derecho y el Colegio de Abogados, No. 35, (May-August 1978).
"Jurisprudencia laboral de la Sala de Casación (1971-1975)", Social Law Institute, School of Law, 1976.
"El Régimen Jurídico de los Servidores Publicos", Revista de la Procuraduría General de la República, No. 2 (October 1979).
"Tratamiento penitenciario del apremio corporal", Judicial School, Supreme Court of Justice, Costa Rica, 1981.
"Efectos patrimoniales del matrimonio en el Código de Costa Rica: necesidad de una reforma", Revista Judicial, No. 33 (June 1985).
"Declaración de las Naciones Unidas sobre la eliminacón de todas las formas de intolerancia y discriminacíon fundadas en la religion o las convicciones: medidas que podrían adoptarse para su eficaz aplicación", Revista Judicial, No. 34, (September 1985).
"El principio de la no discriminación: el caso de los derechos de la mujer", Revista del Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, No. 1, San José (June 1985).
"El principio de la no discriminación en la educación", Educación y Derechos Humanos, Libo Libre, San José, 1986.
"El sistema de las Naciones Unidas de protección de los derechos humanos", International Institute of Human Rights, seventeenth study session, Strasbourg, France (July-August 1986).
"Seguridad de Estado: detención. condiciones materiales", Revista Judicial, No. 28, March 1984.
"Eliminación de todas las formas de intolerancia y discriminación fundadas en la religión o las convicciones", United Nations, New York, 1989.
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Hüseyin PAZARCI
(Turkey)
Born 17 December 1944 at Babaeski, Turkey.
Married, three children.
Education
Licencié en droit (Bachelor of Law), Faculty of Law and Economics, Paris, 1958.
Licencié ès lettres (section sociologie) (Bachelor of Arts, Sociology Section), Faculty of Letters, Paris, 1969.
Holder of the diplôme d’études supérieures de droit public (Diploma in Advanced Studies in Public Law), 1969.
Docteur en droit public (doctorat d’Etat) (Doctorate in Public Law), University of Paris II, 1971.
Academic career
Assistant Lecturer in Public International Law, 1972, Faculty of Political Science, Ankara, and Senior Lecturer (agrégé) in Public International Law, 1976.
Head of Department, Chair of Public International Law, 1977.
Professor of Public International Law, 1985.
Professor of Juridical Sciences, Hacettepe University, 1987.
Joint lecturer, seminar towards the diplôme d’études agréées (1st year doctoral level), on the juridical aspects of current international issues, University of Paris II (1989-1990).
Currently holder of the Chair of Public International Law, Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University.
Holder of French Government bursary for the diplôme d’études supérieures (Diploma in Advanced Studies) and Doctorate (1968-1971).
Holder of Humboldt-Stiftung bursary (Federal Republic of Germany) (1980-1981).
Other professional experience
Director, Legal Affairs and Training, European Communities Department, State Planning Organization attached to the Office of the Prime Minister (1988-1989).
Chief, Legal Department, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Turkey (from 1989).
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Main diplomatic experience
Member of the Turkish delegation to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (second phase).
Counsel for the Turkish Government in the cases relating to Cyprus, European Commission of Human Rights (first three cases).
Counsel for the Turkish Government in the Aegean Sea Continental Shelf case, when the case was before the International Court of Justice.
Member of the Turkish delegation to the United Nations Conference on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties (first session).
Member of the Turkish delegation at some sessions of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea.
Member of the Turkish delegation for the Turco-Greek intergovernmental talks on the Aegean Sea Continental Shelf.
Member of the Turkish delegation at the meetings of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space and its Legal Subcommittee (1977-1978).
Member of some ad hoc committees of the Council of Europe for the consideration of draft conventions prepared by the United Nations.
Turkish member of the committee of legal counsels for public international law of the Council of Europe.
Member of the Turkish delegation at some sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (Sixth Committee).
Head of the Turkish delegation at the annual sessions of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee (1990, 1991 and 1992).
Head of the Turkish delegation at the meeting of legal experts of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on the peaceful settlement of disputes (Valetta, 1990).
Deputy head of the Turkish delegation at the meeting of legal experts of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on the peaceful settlement of disputes (Geneva, 1992).
Member of the Turkish delegation for the negotiations with a view to the admission of Turkey as an associate member of the Western European Union.
Member of Turkish delegations at various diplomatic conferences and in various diplomatic negotiations.
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Participation in international judicial forums
Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague.
Member of the commercial arbitration centre of the African-Asian Legal Consultative Committee (Cairo).
Member of the centre for the prevention of conflicts of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe for dispute-settlement machinery.
Publications in French
Books
Responsabilité internationale des Etats en matière contractuelle, preface by Paul Reuter (Faculty of Political Science publication, Ankara, 1973).
La délimitation du plateau continental et les îles, Ankara, (Faculty of Political Science publication, Ankara, 1982).
Articles
"Responsabilité internationale des Etats à raison des contrats conclus entre Etats et personnes privées étrangères", Revue générale de droit international public, 1975, No. 2.
"Problèmes d’incompatibilité des accords conclus par la CEE", Mélanges en l’honneur du professeur Paul Reuter, Paris, Pedone, 1981.
"Sur le principe de l’utilisation pacifique de l’espace extra- atmosphérique", Revue générale de droit international public, 1979, No. 4.
"Le concept de zone contiguë dans la Convention sur le droit de la mer de 1982", Revue belge de droit international, 1984-1985, No. 1.
"Le plateau continental et le soi-disant principe de distance", Il regime giuridico internationale del mare Mediterraneo (U. Leanza, ed.), (Milan, Giuffre, 1987).
"Sur la recherche archéologique subaquatique en Méditerranée" (Milan, Giuffre, 1987).
"Aspect juridique des différends gréco-turcs en mer Egée", Le différend gréco-turc (S. Vaner, ed.) (Paris, l’Harmattan, 1988).
"L’évolution des événements en Egée et la politique égéenne de la Grèce (depuis le Traité de Lausanne jusqu’à 1974)", Revue internationale d’histoire militaire, No. 67, 1988.
"Questions juridiques se posant à l’occasion de l’adhésion de la Turquie à la Communauté européenne", Tobb-Türkische Wirtschaftswelt, No. 6, Special Supplement (June 1988).
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"La question de la minorité turque en Bulgarie à la lumière des règles internationales découlant des traités bilatéraux", Proceedings of the International Symposium of Jurists on the Question of the Turkish Moslem Minority in Bulgaria, Istanbul, Istanbul Bureau publication (1988).
Miscellaneous
With Prof. Seha L. Meray, "Les travaux de droit international en Turquie au cinquantenaire de la République", Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 1973.
Summary of book by Dr. Cem Sar, Senior Lecturer (agrégé), entitled "Droit d’utilisation des fleuves internationaux aux buts industriels et agricoles", Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, 1969-1970.
Publications in other languages
Book
Le statut démilitarisé des Iles égéennes orientales (translated into Greek) (Athens, 1989).
Articles
"Rights of Turks in Bulgaria vis-à-vis International Law and Treaties", Turkish Review Quarterly Digest, first issue, 1985.
"Has the demilitarized status of the Aegean Islands as determined by the Lausanne and Paris treaties changed?", Turkish Review Quarterly Digest (winter 1985-1986).
With Christian Rumpf, "Verträge und Abkommen" (Klaus Detlev Grothusen, ed.), Türkei (Göttingen, Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1985).
Principal publications in Turkish: books
Avrupa Ekonomik Toplulugunun Yaptigianlasmalar (Agreements concluded by the European Economic Community), Faculty of Political Science publication, Ankara, XIV (1978).
Uluslararasi Hukuk Dersleri (Lectures in international law), Ankara, Faculty of Political Science publication, two volumes, 1985 and 1989; 2nd ed., 1990; 3rd ed., 1993.
Dog˘u Ege Adalarinin Askerden Arindirilmis Statüsü (Demilitarized status of the Eastern Aegean Islands) (Ankara, Faculty of Science publication, 1986).
Avrupa Topluluklarinin Uluslararasi Iliskileri (Foreign relations of the European Communities) (Ankara, Ataum publication, 1991).
With Gökçen Alpkaya, Türk Andlasmalarive Uluslararasi Belgeleri Kilavuzu (1974-1988) (Guide to Turkey’s treaties and international instruments, 1974-1988) (Ankara, Savas, 1990).
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With others, Avrupa Toplulug˘u’nda ve Türkiye’de Cevre Mevzuati (Legislation relating to the environment in Turkey and in the European Community) (Ankara, Turkish Environmental Issues Foundation, 1989).
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Moragodage Christopher Walter PINTO
(Sri Lanka)
Born in Colombo, 1931. Read law at the University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya, and the Sri Lanka Law College and specialized in international law at Magdalene College, Cambridge University. Attorney of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka and of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-law. Legal officer at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, 1960-1963, Attorney at the World Bank, 1963-1967. Legal Adviser and Head of the Legal Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka, 1967-1978. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Austria, 1976-1980. Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, Vienna, 1968-1969. Representative of Sri Lanka in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly, 1967-1980. Representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction and to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, 1968-1982, and Chairman of the Sri Lanka delegation, 1980-1981; Chairman of the Conference’s Negotiating Group of the Whole on the international regime for the seabed beyond national jurisdiction, 1971-1975. Member of the International Law Commission, 1973-1981, and Chairman of the Commission in 1980. Secretary-General of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, 1982 to date. Elected to the Institute of International Law, 1989.
Mr. Pinto has lectured frequently to students at training programmes conducted annually by the International Ocean Institute (Halifax, Canada/Malta) and at the Institute of Social Studies at The Hague. As Visiting Professor he directs the general course on the law of the sea at the World Maritime University at Malmö, Sweden. He is also a member of the Governing Board of the International Maritime Organization’s International Maritime Law Institute, Malta. In addition to a very large number of detailed and analytical statements on international law topics delivered before the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly and other United Nations organs and conferences from 1968-1981, Mr. Pinto is the author of several journal articles on the law of the sea, Antarctica, international environmental law and international settlement of disputes. He is co-editor of the Asian Yearbook of International Law.
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Rustam S. SIDHWA
(Pakistan)
Date and place of birth 1 September 1927 at Surat
Religion Parsi Zoroastrian
Nationality Pakistani
Marital Status Married
Academic qualifications
B.A. (Honours) 1948. LL.B. Law College, Punjab University, 1950; M.A. in political science, Punjab University, 1953. Passed the Central Superior Services Examination in 1950.
Professional qualifications
Enroled as Pleader in the district courts of Lahore, in 1951, as an advocate in the Lahore High Court in 1953 and as an advocate in the Supreme Court of Pakistan in 1958.
Professional experience as lawyer
Practised both on the civil and criminal side. Also enroled on the panel of lawyers maintained by the Advocate General’s Office for State representation in cases before the High Court and Supreme Court. Practised extensively in the High Court and the Supreme Court from 1953 to 1978.
Teaching experience
Part-time lecturer in the Punjab University Law College, Lahore, from 1955 to 1967 and part-time reader and associate professor in the same college from 1967 to 1978.
Government posts
- Part-time Administrator General and official trustee, West Pakistan, from 5 June to 4 October 1961 and 31 July 1965 to 7 March 1966 while the permanent incumbent was on leave; thereafter as regular holder of the post from 7 March 1966 to 2 February 1978.
- Judge of the Lahore High Court, Lahore, from 3 June 1978 to 31 August 1989.
- Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 14 December 1989 to 31 August 1992.
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Government nominee on United Nations Register
By Government of Pakistan (Law Division) letter No. 7/68-Law, dated 15 June 1968, nominated for inclusion in the register of experts in legal and other fields, under the terms of paragraph 4 of General Assembly resolution 2329 (XXII).
Bar Association
Vice-President of the Lahore High Court Bar Association (then known as the West Pakistan High Court Bar Association), 1966-1967.
Books
The Lahore High Court and its Principal Bar, 1966-1988, the only sourcebook on the history of the Lahore High Court, the High Court of West Pakistan (Lahore Branch) and the Lahore High Court Bar Association from 1966-1988.
The District Grand Lodge of Pakistan, 1869-1969, the only sourcebook on the history of Masonic lodges in working Pakistan from 1869 to 1969 under the Grand Lodge of England.
Sidhwa’s Catalogue, Pakistan Stamps, Errors and Varieties, 1947-78, the only book on the errors and varieties appearing in Pakistan’s postage and official stamps.
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Sir Ninian STEPHEN
(Australia)
Born in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 15 June 1923. Educated in the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Australia. War service, 1941-1946, in the Australian Army.
Admitted to practice in Victoria as a barrister and solicitor in 1949 after studies at the University of Melbourne; LL.B. (Melbourne) 1950.
Practised as a solicitor, 1949-1952, and from 1952 as a barrister and member of the Victorian Bar; appointed Queen’s Counsel in 1966. Appointed judge of the Victorian Supreme Court in 1970 and sat in criminal and civil jurisdictions. In March 1972, appointed a justice of the High Court of Australia. Sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1979 and later sat as a member of its Judicial Committee. Retired from the High Court of Australia in 1982 when senior puisne justice to take up appointment as Governor-General of Australia, an office held until 1989.
Australia’s first Special Ambassador for the Environment, 1989-1992; currently chairman of various Australian governmental and other bodies including the Constitutional Centenary Foundation, the Antarctic Foundation, the National Library of Australia and the Australian Banking Industry Ombudsman Council. Appointed in 1992 by the Governments of the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland as Chairman of Strand Two of the Talks on Northern Ireland. Professorial associate, Law School, University of Melbourne; Principal Patron, National Disputes Centre; President, Australian Institute of International Affairs.
Honours and awards: A.K., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., K.B.E., P.C., Hon. LLD., University of Melbourne; Hon. LLD., Sidney University; Hon. D.Litt., Griffith University; Hon. D.Litt., University of Western Australia; Hon. Master, Gray’s Inn, London.
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Lal Chand VOHRAH
(Malaysia)
Title The Honourable (Datuk Wira)
Occupation Judge of the High Court, Malaysia
Date and place of birth 3 June 1934 at Melaka
Marital status Married, with 2 sons
Education
Primary Bandar Hilir English School, Melaka, Malaysia
Secondary The High School, Melaka, Malaysia
Qualifications
Bachelor of Laws, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln’s Inn, United Kingdom
Master of Laws, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Diploma in International Law, University of Cambridge
Certificate from the Hague Academy of International Law, the Netherlands
Advocate and Solicitor of the High Court of Malaya
Judicial and legal service
Joined Judicial and Legal Service in 1961 and officiated as Magistrate, Senior Assistant Registrar of the High Court, President of the Sessions Court, Senior Federal Counsel and Deputy Public Prosecutor, Deputy Commissioner for Law Revision, Head of the International Law Division of the Attorney General’s Chambers, Head of the International Law and Advisory Division of the Attorney General’s Chambers, Acting Solicitor-General of Malaysia, Chairman of the Special Commissioners of Income Tax. Has prosecuted criminal cases as Deputy Public Prosecutor.
Judiciary
Elevated to the High Court Bench as Justice of the High Court of Malaya on 1 January 1978.
Senior Judge of the High Court in the State of Johore.
Senior Judge of the Criminal Division of the High Court at Kuala Lumpur.
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Senior Judge of the Commercial Division of the High Court at Kuala Lumpur (still serving).
Most senior High Court Judge in Malaya.
Has more than 15 years’ experience as High Court judge conducting trials of capital offences and hearing criminal appeals from subordinate courts apart from dealing with civil, commercial and admiralty cases.
Some international meetings attended
United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties at Vienna (1969).
Sessions of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee at Accra (1970), Colombo (1971), Lagos (1972), New Delhi (1973), Tokyo (1974), Tehran (1975), Kuala Lumpur (1976).
ASEAN Ministerial Meeting at Cameron Highlands, Malaysia (1969).
Negotiations between Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand on delimitation of territorial sea boundaries and the continental shelf and on fisheries.
Twenty-fifth (Commemorative) session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York (1970).
Meetings of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction at Geneva and New York (1971-1973).
Organizational session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea in New York (1973).
Meeting of Experts on the Law of the Sea from ASEAN countries at Manila (1974).
Commonwealth Law Minsters’ Meeting at Lagos (1975).
Group of 77 Meeting relating to the third session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea at Geneva (1975) and Commonwealth Secretariat Meeting on the Law of the Sea Matters at Geneva (1975).
Third session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea at Geneva (1975); fourth and fifth sessions in New York (1976).
Awards
Johan Setia Mahkota (J.S.M.). Darjah Cemerlang Seri Mahkota (D.C.S.M.).
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