Sukupuolittuneet Pelikentät. Naisten Pelaaminen Kulttuurisena Ja Yhteiskunnallisena Ilmiönä Suomessa

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Sukupuolittuneet Pelikentät. Naisten Pelaaminen Kulttuurisena Ja Yhteiskunnallisena Ilmiönä Suomessa Sinikka Törmä, Sari Pitkänen ja Kari Huotari SUKUPUOLITTUNEET PELIKENTÄT Naisten pelaaminen kulttuurisena ja yhteiskunnallisena ilmiönä Suomessa 1 Kuntoutussäätiön työselosteita 49/2015 Kuntoutussäätiö SUKUPUOLITTUNEET PELIKENTÄT Naisten pelaaminen kulttuurisena ja yhteiskunnallisena ilmiönä Suomessa Sinikka Törmä Sari Pitkänen Kari Huotari KUNTOUTUSSÄÄTIÖN TYÖSELOSTEITA ● WORKING PAPERS 49/2015 1 Sisällys 1 Johdanto ................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2 Tutkimuksen kohde ja metodologiset ratkaisut ..................................................................................................................... 5 3 Yhteydet aiempaan suomalaiseen pelitutkimukseen ............................................................................................................. 7 4 Pelaamisen tarkastelunäkökulmat eri aikakausina ............................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Pelimuotojen jaottelutavat ja lajityypit............................................................................................................... 13 4.2 Erilaiset pelit sukupuolen näkökulmasta tarkasteltuina ..................................................................................... 15 4.3 Pelipaikat ja peliyhteisöt ..................................................................................................................................... 17 4.4 Tietokoneiden ja internetin pelimaailma ............................................................................................................ 18 4.5 Erilaiset pelikulttuurit ja naisten pelitilat ............................................................................................................ 20 4.6 Pelaajatyyppien luokittelu .................................................................................................................................. 23 4.7 Pelaamisen merkitys sukupuolen mukaan tarkasteltuna ................................................................................... 26 5 Naisten pelaaminen .............................................................................................................................................................. 29 5.1 Sukupuolen huomioivan pelaamisen tarkastelutavat ja näkökulmat ................................................................. 29 5.2 Naisten ja miesten pelaamisen erot ................................................................................................................... 30 5.2.1 Pelaamisen määrä ............................................................................................................................. 30 5.2.2 Pelimuodot ........................................................................................................................................ 32 5.2.3 Nainen subjektina: pelien kehittäjänä ja pelaajana .......................................................................... 36 6 Ongelmapelaaminen ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 6.1 Ongelmapelaamisen määrittely ja taustatekijät ................................................................................................. 38 6.2 Ongelmapelaaminen Suomessa ja kansainvälisesti ............................................................................................ 39 7 Naisten pelaaminen empiirisen tutkimuksen valossa........................................................................................................... 42 7.1 Kysely- ja haastatteluaineistot ............................................................................................................................ 42 7.2 Pelaamisen aloittaminen .................................................................................................................................... 44 7.3 Pelatut pelit ja pelitavat ...................................................................................................................................... 47 7.3.1 Aloituspelit ........................................................................................................................................ 47 7.3.2 Pelaaminen eri ikäkausina ................................................................................................................. 48 7.3.3 Pelatut pelit ....................................................................................................................................... 49 7.3.4 Pelaamisen frekvenssi ja määrä ........................................................................................................ 55 7.3.5 Pelaamispaikat ja peliseura ............................................................................................................... 58 7.4 Kokemukset pelaamisesta ja itsensä määrittely pelaajana ................................................................................. 62 7.5 Pelaaminen viihteenä ja ajanvietteenä ............................................................................................................... 63 7.6 Pelaaminen tavoitteellisena harrastuksena ........................................................................................................ 66 7.7 Pelaaminen pakkomielteenä ja eskapismina ...................................................................................................... 68 7.8 Pelaamisen myönteiset merkitykset ................................................................................................................... 69 7.9 Pelaamisen haitalliset vaikutukset ...................................................................................................................... 72 7.10 Sukupuolen suhde pelaamiseen ......................................................................................................................... 78 7.10.1 Kokemukset sukupuolen vaikutuksesta pelaamiseen ....................................................................... 78 7.10.2 Pelaavien naisten oudoksunta, vähättely ja syrjintä ......................................................................... 83 7.10.3 Pelaamisen salaaminen ..................................................................................................................... 88 7.10.4 Miesten pelit – naisten pelit? ............................................................................................................ 90 7.10.5 Naisten pelaamisessa eri elämäntilanteissa tapahtuvat muutokset ................................................. 93 7.11 Pelihaitat ja avun hakeminen .............................................................................................................................. 96 7.11.1 Pelaamisen rahoittaminen ................................................................................................................ 96 7.11.2 Päihteet ja pelaaminen ..................................................................................................................... 97 7.11.3 Ongelmapelaaminen ......................................................................................................................... 98 7.11.4 Avun hakeminen ja tukipalveluiden käyttö ..................................................................................... 100 7.12 Pelaaminen jatkossa ......................................................................................................................................... 103 8 Yhteenveto ja johtopäätökset ............................................................................................................................................ 108 9 Tulosten merkitys ............................................................................................................................................................... 114 Lähteet ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 118 Liite 1 Kyselyyn vastanneiden (N=208) taustatiedot Liite 2 Kyselylomake Liite 3 Haastatteluteemat ja niiden käsittelyssä apuna käytetyt tarkentavat kysymykset 2 1 Johdanto Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan naisten pelaamista kulttuurisena ja yhteiskunnallisena ilmiönä. Tavoit- teena on tutkia 1) miksi naiset pelaavat, 2) mitä ja miten he pelaavat, 3) millaisia pelitavoittain ja ikäryhmit- täin eroavia pelaajatyyppejä heidän joukostaan on erotettavissa sekä 4) mitä vaikutuksia pelaamisella on naisiin? Kyseessä on ensimmäinen sekä kvantitatiivisia että kvalitatiivisia tutkimusmenetelmiä hyödyntävä tutkimus naisten pelaamisesta Suomessa. Aihe on ajankohtainen, sillä viime vuosina rahapelit ovat yleistyneet ja monipuolistuneet. Tiedetään myös, että Suomessa naispelaajat pelaavat enimmäkseen rahapelejä. Tähän asti naisten pelaamista on tarkasteltu Suomessa ikäihmisten pelaamista (esim. Kämppi & Pajunen 2010) ja nuoria pelaajia (esim. Ilkas & Aho 2006; Järvinen-Tassopoulos & Metso 2009) koskevien tutkimusten yhteydessä. Kaikki naisten ikäryhmät kattavaa tutkimusta ei sen sijaan ole tehty. On tärkeää saada uutta ja laaja-alaista tietoa naispelaajista ja heidän elämästään. Kun naispelaajia ja naisten pelaamista tarkastellaan kulttuurisena ilmiönä, auttavat tutkimuksen tulokset muun muassa ikäryhmittäisten pelitapojen ja niiden
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