In Nay Pyi Taw District
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Effects of Large Herbivore Grazing on Relics of the Presumed Mammoth
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Efects of large herbivore grazing on relics of the presumed mammoth steppe in the extreme climate of NE‑Siberia Jennifer Reinecke1,2*, Kseniia Ashastina3,4, Frank Kienast3, Elena Troeva5 & Karsten Wesche1,2,6 The Siberian mammoth steppe ecosystem changed dramatically with the disappearance of large grazers in the Holocene. The concept of Pleistocene rewilding is based on the idea that large herbivore grazing signifcantly alters plant communities and can be employed to recreate lost ecosystems. On the other hand, modern rangeland ecology emphasizes the often overriding importance of harsh climates. We visited two rewilding projects and three rangeland regions, sampling a total of 210 vegetation relevés in steppe and surrounding vegetation (grasslands, shrublands and forests) along an extensive climatic gradient across Yakutia, Russia. We analyzed species composition, plant traits, diversity indices and vegetation productivity, using partial canonical correspondence and redundancy analysis. Macroclimate was most important for vegetation composition, and microclimate for the occurrence of extrazonal steppes. Macroclimate and soil conditions mainly determined productivity of vegetation. Bison grazing was responsible for small‑scale changes in vegetation through trampling, wallowing and debarking, thus creating more open and disturbed plant communities, soil compaction and xerophytization. However, the magnitude of efects depended on density and type of grazers as well as on interactions with climate and site conditions. Efects of bison grazing were strongest in the continental climate of Central Yakutia, and steppes were generally less afected than meadows. We conclude that contemporary grazing overall has rather limited efects on vegetation in northeastern Siberia. Current rewilding practices are still far from recreating a mammoth steppe, although large herbivores like bison can create more open and drier vegetation and increase nutrient availability in particular in the more continental Central Yakutian Plain. -
Paul Y. Engineering Group Limited *
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. This announcement is for information purposes only and does not constitute an invitation or offer to acquire, purchase or subscribe for securities nor is it calculated to invite any such offer or invitation. In particular, this announcement does not constitute and is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy securities in Hong Kong, the United States or elsewhere. Paul Y. Engineering Group Limited * (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Stock code: 577) (Stock code: 498) VERY SUBSTANTIAL ACQUISITION DEEMED VERY SUBSTANTIAL INCLUDING A POTENTIAL SHARE DISPOSAL AND POTENTIAL TRANSACTION DISCLOSEABLE TRANSACTION FOR PYE FOR PYI PROPOSED PLACING OF NEW SHARES BY PYE REQUIRING A SPECIFIC MANDATE FROM PYE SHAREHOLDERS, AND CONSTITUTING A DEEMED VERY SUBSTANTIAL DISPOSAL FOR PYI PROPOSED FILM JOINT VENTURE BETWEEN PYE, LEGENDARY AND HUAYI CONSTITUTING A VERY SUBSTANTIAL ACQUISITION FOR PYE AND INCLUDING A POTENTIAL SHARE TRANSACTION FOR PYE PROPOSED CAPITAL REDUCTION BY PYE AND PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION IN SPECIE BY PYE OF A 49% INTEREST IN ITS EXISTING BUSINESSES, WITH THE OFFER OF A CASH ALTERNATIVE PROVIDED -
A Study of Beijing's Competitive Advantage As An
A Study of Beijing‘s Competitive Advantage as an Emergent Media Capital Angela Lin Huang Bachelor of Law / Master of Law A dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology 2012 1 Keywords Media capital Media industries Media market Media cluster Media policy China Beijing Institution i Abstract The development of creative industries has been connected to urban development since the end of the 20th century. However, the causality of why creative industries always cluster and develop in certain cities hasn‘t been adequately demonstrated, especially as to how various resources grow, interact and nurture the creative capacity of the locality. Therefore it is vital to observe how the local institutional environment nurtures creative industries and how creative industries consequently change the environment in order to better address the connection between creative industries and localities. In Beijing, the relocation of CCTV, BTV and Phoenix to Chaoyang District raises the possibility of a new era for Chinese media, one in which the stodginess of propaganda content will give way to exciting new forms and genres. The mixing of media companies in an open commercial environment (away from the political power district of Xicheng) holds the promise of more freedom of expression and, ultimately, to a ‗media capital‘ (Curtin, 2003). These are the dreams of many media practitioners in Beijing. But just how realistic are their expectations? This study adopts the concept of ‗media capital‘ to demonstrate how participants, including state-media organisations, private media companies and international media conglomerates, are seeking out space and networks to survive in Beijing. -
Songs of the Kolyma Tundra
‘Songs of the Kolyma Tundra’ – Co-Production and Perpetuation of Knowledge Concerning Ecology and Weather in the Indigenous Communities of Nizhnikolyma, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation Tero Mustonen (1), Viatcheslav Shadrin (2), Kaisu Mustonen (1), Vladimir Vasiliev (3) together with the community representatives from Kolumskaya, Cherski, Andrejuskino, Podhovsk and the nomadic communities of Nutendli and Turvaurgin in the Niznikolyma region, Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russian Federation (1) Snowchange Cooperative / University of Joensuu (2) Institute of the Indigenous Peoples of the North (3) Northern Forum Academy Contact Information: Tero Mustonen, Snowchange Cooperative Havukkavaarantie 29 FIN 8125 Lehtoi Finland Email: [email protected] www.snowchange.org Abstract This article highlights community-based observations of climate and weather related changes in Indigenous communities of Niznikolyma or Lower Kolyma Region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation along with local efforts to preserve traditional knowledge through a nomadic school, in part as an adaptive mechanism. The observations have been collected using a method of co-production of knowledge, which allows the local Indigenous peoples to participate in a meaningful way in research that involves and affects them. In the past four years, the Snowchange Cooperative based in Finland, in cooperation with the Institute of the Indigenous Peoples of the North and Northern Forum Academy based in Yakutsk, has conducted field research in the region to document and assess observations of rapid changes to weather, ecosystems, and human societies of North-East Siberia. Thawing of the continuous permafrost, disappearance of fishing lakes, and increased flooding and erosion are some of the observed changes impacting the region and its inhabitants. -
In This Issue
No. 41 Spring/Summer 2006 In this Issue: • Climate Change Stories from the Russian Arctic • Studying the Impacts of a Chinese Chemical Spill in Bolonsky Zapovednik • Abkhazia's Ritsinsky Relict National Park • Avian Flu: Russian Policies Raise Concerns PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild ECOLOGICAL TOURISM (A Letter from the Editors)........................................................1 Encouraging Whale Watching and Marine PROTECTED AREAS Ecotourism in Russia...................................................................15 Bolonsky Zapovednik Studying the Impacts The Great Baikal Trai........................………………………………....18 of a Chinese Chemical Spill ................................………………...2 FOR DISCUSSION Developing and Regulating Tourism: Striking a Delicate Balance in Abkhazia's Avian Flu: Russian Official Ritsinsky Relict National Park.............................……………….5 Policies Raise Concerns................………….………………………..21 ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION HISTORY Pleistocene Park: Return of the Reflections on the Social History Mammoth's Ecosystem.................................................................8 of Pechoro-Ilychsky Zapovednik...........…………………….25 Coastal Dwellers on Russia's ABSTRACTS IN RUSSIAN...............................................29 Chukotka Peninsula Report the Effects of Climate Change...........................12 CONSERVATION CONTACTS..............Back Cover Russian Conservation News is produced with -
Rewilding John Carey, Science Writer
CORE CONCEPTS CORE CONCEPTS Rewilding John Carey, Science Writer America’s vast forests and plains, Siberia’s tundra, or Such a restoration would bring back vital but lost Romania’s Carpathian Mountains may seem wild and ecological processes and benefits, Martin and others full of life. But they’re all missing something big: the large came to believe. Without mammoths and millions of animals that vanished by the end of the Pleistocene Ep- aurochs and other grazers (and wolves and big cats to och, roughly 10,000 years ago. In the United States, only keep the herbivores in check), the enormously pro- bones and echoing footsteps remain of the mammoths, ductive grasslands of the Pleistocene turned into camels, massive armadillo-like glyptodonts, lions, dire today’s far less productive forest, shrub land, and wolves, and saber-toothed cats that roamed for millennia. mossy tundra, with a major loss of ecosystem com- “Without knowing it, Americans live in a land of ghosts,” plexity and diversity. “Paul realized there was a big wrote the late University of Arizona scientist Paul Martin missing ecosystem component—the megafauna,” ex- in his 2005 book, Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age plains Harry Greene, professor of ecology and evolu- Extinctions and the Rewilding of America (1). tionary biology at Cornell. “Everything in North Some scientists and others now argue that we America evolved with about 58 to 60 big mammals should be bringing some of those ghosts back, part of that went extinct.” a controversial movement to “rewild” parts of Europe That realization sparked a growing effort to recre- and North America, whether by reintroducing extant ate the lost past, especially in Europe. -
Global Methane Emissions from Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes
Portland State University PDXScholar Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations Physics 2-3-2009 Global Methane Emissions From Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes Qianlai Zhuang Purdue University John M. Melack University of California, Santa Barbara Sergey Zimov North-East Science Station, Cherski Katey Marion Walter University of Alaska, Fairbanks Christopher Lee Butenhoff Portland State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/phy_fac Part of the Physics Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melack, S. Zimov, K. M. Walter, C. L. Butenhoff, and M. A. K. Khalil (2009), Global Methan Emissions From Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(5), 37, doi:10.1029/ 2009EO050001. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors Qianlai Zhuang, John M. Melack, Sergey Zimov, Katey Marion Walter, Christopher Lee Butenhoff, and M. A. K. Khalil This article is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/phy_fac/5 Eos, Vol. 90, No. 5, 3 February 2009 VOLUME 90 NUMBER 5 3 FEBRUARY 2009 EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION PAGES 37–44 accurately quantify global methane emis- Global Methane Emissions From sions with these models [e.g., Dlugokencky et al., 2003]. Instrumentation for monitoring methane fluxes and concentrations should Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes be a priority. -
Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape
Not lawn, nor pasture, mead: INVITATION Not lawn, nor pasture, nor mead: Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape Andrea Rae Gammon Include that there will be a reception in the Aula following the defense. Paranymhps: Mira Vegter Andrea Rae Gammon [email protected] & Jochem Zwier [email protected] Not Lawn, Nor Pasture, Nor Mead: Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape gammon-layout.indd 1 13/01/2018 15:28 On the cover: Treelines (2009) by Robert Hite. Used with the generous permission of the artist. ISBN 978-94-6295-843-2 © 2017, Andrea Rae Gammon Printing, layout and cover design by ProefschriftMaken | Proefschriftmaken.nl gammon-layout.indd 2 13/01/2018 15:28 Not Lawn, Nor Pasture, Nor Mead: Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 19 februari 2018 om 12.30 uur precies door Andrea Rae Gammon geboren op 11 augustus 1985 te Portland, Maine, Verenigde Staten van Amerika gammon-layout.indd 3 13/01/2018 15:28 Promotoren Prof. dr. H.A.E. Zwart Prof. dr. F.W.J. Keulartz Copromotor Dr. M.A.M. Drenthen Manuscriptcommissie Prof. dr. J. P. Wils (voorzitter) Prof. dr. P.J.H. Kockelkoren (Universiteit Twente) Dr. E. Peeren (Universiteit van Amsterdam) gammon-layout.indd 4 13/01/2018 15:28 Here was no man’s garden, but the unhandselled globe. -
Final Report for Team 15.Py.Pdf
Pleistocene Park Simulations Simulating Pleistocene Park New Mexico Supercomputing Challenge Final Report April 11th, 2021 Team 15 Monte del Sol Charter School Team Members: Brooklynn Martinez Isabella Martinez Kaley Martinez Project Mentors: Charles Strauss Joann Mudge Pleistocene Park Simulations Table of Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………....3 Research and Context…………………………………………………………...…….4-5 Solving the Problem……………………………………………………………..……5-6 Results ………………………………………………………………………….…….6-9 In the Future……………………………………………………………………….…..9 Conclusion and Acknowledgments ………………………………………………..…10 References…………………………………………………………………………….11 Appendix A…………………………………………………………………….……..12-18 Appendix B……………………………………………………………………...…….19 Appendix C…………………………………………………………………..……….20-21 Pleistocene Park Simulations Executive summary: Climate change: a global phenomenon caused by an increase of carbon in our atmosphere that causes the Earth’s climate to change. In Siberia, a project founded by Sergey Zimov, called the Pleistocene Park, works with megafauna in order to develop, reverse and prevent the permafrost currently melting in the Arctic. During the Pleistocene Period, megafauna such as mammoths existed and inhabited the environment there. The Pleistocene Project works to re-introduce similar animals in order to de-insulate the snow and revive the grasslands. Keywords: snow patches, de-insulation megafauna, compact, climate change, global warming, Arctic Winter, simulation Pleistocene Park Simulations Research and Context: Climate Change is a global phenomenon with limited time and limited solutions. With a little over a decade to relieve the extensive C02 influx in the atmosphere, the hunt for an answer is more critical than ever. Solutions, such as the Abandoned Farmland Restorations and Efficient Aviation, explained by Paul Hawkin, an environmentalist, have been implemented in order to stall the ramifications of global warming, but not to stop it. The time to find a solution with substantial consequences is now. -
Role of Megafauna and Frozen Soil in the Atmospheric CH4 Dynamics
Role of Megafauna and Frozen Soil in the Atmospheric CH4 Dynamics Sergey Zimov*, Nikita Zimov Northeast Science Station, Pacific Institute for Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Cherskii, Russia Abstract Modern wetlands are the world’s strongest methane source. But what was the role of this source in the past? An analysis of global 14C data for basal peat combined with modelling of wetland succession allowed us to reconstruct the dynamics of global wetland methane emission through time. These data show that the rise of atmospheric methane concentrations during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was not connected with wetland expansion, but rather started substantially later, only 9 thousand years ago. Additionally, wetland expansion took place against the background of a decline in atmospheric methane concentration. The isotopic composition of methane varies according to source. Owing to ice sheet drilling programs past dynamics of atmospheric methane isotopic composition is now known. For example over the course of Pleistocene-Holocene transition atmospheric methane became depleted in the deuterium isotope, which indicated that the rise in methane concentrations was not connected with activation of the deuterium-rich gas clathrates. Modelling of the budget of the atmospheric methane and its isotopic composition allowed us to reconstruct the dynamics of all main methane sources. For the late Pleistocene, the largest methane source was megaherbivores, whose total biomass is estimated to have exceeded that of present-day humans and domestic animals. This corresponds with our independent estimates of herbivore density on the pastures of the late Pleistocene based on herbivore skeleton density in the permafrost. During deglaciation, the largest methane emissions originated from degrading frozen soils of the mammoth steppe biome. -
De-Extinction
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review De-Extinction Ben Jacob Novak 1,2,3 1 Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-415-289-1000 2 Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 3 Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Newcomb, Victoria 3220, Australia Received: 26 September 2018; Accepted: 7 November 2018; Published: 13 November 2018 Abstract: De-extinction projects for species such as the woolly mammoth and passenger pigeon have greatly stimulated public and scientific interest, producing a large body of literature and much debate. To date, there has been little consistency in descriptions of de-extinction technologies and purposes. In 2016, a special committee of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) published a set of guidelines for de-extinction practice, establishing the first detailed description of de-extinction; yet incoherencies in published literature persist. There are even several problems with the IUCN definition. Here I present a comprehensive definition of de-extinction practice and rationale that expounds and reconciles the biological and ecological inconsistencies in the IUCN definition. This new definition brings together the practices of reintroduction and ecological replacement with de-extinction efforts that employ breeding strategies to recover unique extinct phenotypes into a single “de-extinction” discipline. An accurate understanding of de-extinction and biotechnology segregates the restoration of certain species into a new classification of endangerment, removing them from the purview of de-extinction and into the arena of species’ recovery. -
Animals and Ecological Science
Animals and Ecological Science Oxford Handbooks Online Animals and Ecological Science Anita Guerrini The Oxford Handbook of Animal Studies (Forthcoming) Edited by Linda Kalof Subject: Political Science, Political Theory, Comparative Politics Online Publication Date: Feb DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199927142.013.25 2015 Abstract and Keywords Ecological science, which studies the relationships between organisms and their environments, developed from natural history. Aristotle’s teleological chain of being and detailed description modeled natural history until the eighteenth century. Linnaeus and Buffon replaced Aristotelian categories with new criteria for classification, leading the way to Darwin’s evolutionary theory. Darwinian evolution depended on environmental factors and led to the birth of ecological science by the end of the nineteenth century. The ecosystem concept emphasizes populations and systems rather than individuals. Case studies, of wolves and fish show the range of modern ecological science. Anthropogenic changes to the environment have led to extinction and endangered species. Attempts to meliorate human influence include rewilding and synthetic biology. Keywords: ecological science, chain of being, ecosystem, endangered species, evolution, extinction, natural history, rewilding, synthetic biology, taxonomy Introduction The chapter examines animals as objects of scientific study in the ecological sciences under three broad headings. Before there was ecological science, there was natural history, while today some believe that the future of ecological science is in what has been called de-extinction or synthetic biology. Between these two extremes, I look at some current practices in ecological science, with case studies of wolves and fish. The following section of the volume looks at animals in ecosystems. From Natural History to Ecology Although Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was not the first to regard animals as subjects of inquiry rather than as commodities, he was the first Western philosopher to do this systematically.