DOCSLIB.ORG

In Nay Pyi Taw District

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In Nay Pyi Taw District Established 1914 Volume XVIII, Number 222 8th Waning of Tazaungmone 1372 ME Monday, 29 November, 2010 Four political objectives Four economic objectives Four social objectives * Development of agriculture as the base and all-round develop- * Uplift of the morale and morality of the entire * Stability of the State, community peace and ment of other sectors of the economy as well nation tranquillity, prevalence of law and order * Proper evolution of the market-oriented economic system * Uplift of national prestige and integrity and * National reconsolidation * Development of the economy inviting participation in terms of preservation and safeguarding of cultural her- * Emergence of a new enduring State Constitu- technical know-how and investments from sources inside the itage and national character tion country and abroad * Uplift of dynamism of patriotic spirit * Building of a new modern developed nation in * The initiative to shape the national economy must be kept in the * Uplift of health, fitness and education stand- accord with the new State Constitution hands of the State and the national peoples ards of the entire nation th Plenary Meeting of 6 State Sangha True patriotism Maha Nayaka Committee concludes * It is very important for everyone of the nation regardless of the place he lives YANGON, 28 Nov —The 12th Plenary Meeting Joint-Secretary Sayadaw Agga Maha Pandita of the Sixth 47-member State Sangha Maha Nayaka Bhaddanta Vijjodaya sought the approval after Mem- to have strong Union Spirit. Committee continued for second day at Wizaya Mingala ber Sayadaws of the SSMNC (first branch) had * Only Union Spirit is the true patriotism Dhammathabin Hall on Kaba Aye Hill here this morn- submitted reports on their respective sectors. The ing. meeting then came to an end. all the nationalities will have to safe- Members of SSMNC discussed Viniççhaya, Today, U Tin Sein and Daw Kyin Thein and religious and educational affairs and selection of family from Pabedan Township offered meals to mem- guard. Vinnaya Sayadaws for sixth four-month period. bers of Sangha.—MNA SPDC Member Thura U Shwe Mann attends opening of Zeyathiri Township Hospital (50-bed) in Nay Pyi Taw District Member of the State Peace and Development Council Thura U Shwe Mann unveils bronze plaque of Zeyathiri Township Hospital (50-bed). MNA NAY PYI TAW, 28 Nov—Member of the State District this morning. National Races and Development Affairs Nay Pyi Peace and Development Council Thura U Shwe Mann Also present on the occasion were Commander Taw Mayor U Thein Nyunt, Minister for Information attended the opening and handing-over ceremony of of Nay Pyi Taw Command Brig-Gen Maung Maung U Kyaw Hsan, Minister for Health Dr Kyaw Myint, Zeyathiri Township Hospital (50-bed) in Nay Pyi Taw Aye, Minister for Progress of Border Areas and (See page 8) Photo shows new township hospital (50-bed) in Zeyathiri Township, Nay Pyi Taw District.—MNA 29-11 2010 NL.pmd 1 11/29/2010, 2:51 AM 2 THE NEW LIGHT OF MYANMAR Monday, 29 November, 2010 PERSPECTIVES People’s Desire Monday, 29 November, 2010 * Oppose those relying on external elements, acting as stooges, holding negative views * Oppose those trying to jeopardize stability of the State and progress of the nation Parents, teachers, students * Oppose foreign nations interfering in internal affairs of the State to work in harmony * Crush all internal and external destructive elements as the common enemy In this Age of Knowledge, education is at the forefront of every field. So, it is required Commander awards championship trophy to Tatkon to increase highly-educated population for further development of the country. Township in football tournament Myanmar’s education goal is to generate an education system to establish a society NAY PYI TAW, 28 Nov—Tatkon Township Chairman of Mandalay City Development capable of overcoming the challenges of clinched title in the Mandalay Region Peace and Committee Mayor U Phone Zaw Han gave medals and Knowledge Age. Now, five-year programmes Development Council Chairman’s Trophy Men’s cash awards to best players in the respective places. of the 30-year plan for promotion of national Football Tournament held at Bahtoo Stadium on 23 Chairman of Mandalay Region PDC Commander education standard are being implemented November. of Central Command Brig-Gen Ye Aung presented Amarapura Township stood second in the championship trophy and cash award to Tatkon in order to achieve the goal. tournament. Township team and cash awards to first runner-up Younger generations with high caliber Officials awarded players from both first and Amarapura Township team. will be in the heart of shaping the future of the second prize winning teams. MNA nation. Now, more and more IT buildings, network systems and electronic systems are being established region-wise as a part to Mid-year Myanma Gems Emporium goes on improve the education infrastructure for a NAY PYI TAW, 28 Today a total of 69 jade Competitive continues tomorrow. promising future of the nation. Nov—The 2010 Mid- lots were sold. bidding sales of jade lots MNA So far, the nation has seen 40,801 year Myanma Gems 123456789 basic education schools and 169 universities 123456789 Emporium continued at 123456789 123456789 and colleges. Teachers play a central role in Mani Yadana Jade Hall, 123456789 promoting the national education standard here, this morning. Minister and sharpening the abilities of the youth. Patron of the for Mines Contribution made by parents is an Central Committee for U Ohn important part of generating a bright future Organizing the Myint of younger generations. Children are to be Emporium Minister for cordially Mines U Ohn Myint nurtured well so as to be skilled in arts, converses science and technology. Students on their looked into sales of jade with gem part are to study hard to become highly- lots through competitive merchants. educated. bidding. MNA It is a bounden duty to build a new From 17 November 123456789 to date, 6749 local and 123456789 nation with the education sector in the centre. 123456789 foreign gem merchants 123456789 The programmes for promotion of the 123456789 visited the emporium. national education standard will pick up greater momentum if teachers, parents and students work and deal with one another in Mandalay Mayor inspects roadworks, asphalt factory harmony. 42nd State/Region Body Building and Physical Culture Contest held YANGON, 28 Nov—The 42nd State/Region Body Building and Physical Culture Contest this afternoon took place at Myanmar Convention Centre here, attended by General Secretary of Myanmar Olympic Committee Director-General U Thaung Htike of Sports and Physical Education Department. Chairman of Mandalay City Development Committee Mayor U Phone Zaw Han inspects Following the contest, Officials of Myanmar progress in repaving Yangon-Mandalay Highway near Htonbo-Myitnge junction in Body Building and Physical Culture Federation and Secretary Daw L Khon Yi of Central Work Amarapura Township.—MCDC Committee of Myanmar Women’s Sports Federation M ANDALAY, 28 Nov — Chairman of November. awarded prize winners. Mandalay City Development Committee Mayor He called for completion of roadwork on On behalf of Chairman of MOC, the general U Phone Zaw Han inspected works for tarmacking schedule and fire safety measures secretary presented championship shield to Yangon of Mandalay-Yangon Road in Amarapura at the factory. The mayor attended to the Region team and replicas to other winning teams. Township, asphalt factory in Pyigyidagon needs. MNA Township and downtown roads here on 6 MNA 29-11 2010 NL.pmd 2 11/29/2010, 2:51 AM THE NEW LIGHT OF MYANMAR Monday, 29 November, 2010 3 Suicide bombers kill 12 at Afghan police HQ KABUL, 28 Nov— through three security “The site was Two suicide bombers gates, said Nawab covered with blood,” blew themselves up at an Waziry, the head of Waziry told The Afghan police head- Paktika’s provincial Associated Press after quarters Saturday, council. One attacker visiting the scene. He killing 12 officers in an detonated his explosives said an intelligence area along the Pakistan inside the police report several weeks ago border that still sees headquarters building, warned that suicide heavy Taleban attacks while the other blew attackers wearing police even as NATO pours in himself up near the uniforms would strike more troops and entrance about 20 soon. resources. minutes later. Internet Policemen were killed when a suicide attacker disguised in uniform blew The Taleban himself up inside a police headquarters in eastern Afghanistan. claimed responsibility 18 killed as cargo plane INTERNET for the attack in eastern Paktika Province, which crashes in residential area in NATO incursions of Pakistani airspace has long been a refuge Karachi, Pakistan for extremists from continues despite US denials around the world. It is ISLAMABAD, 28 tional Security Assi- manned pursuit. A one of the most violent Nov—Despite Pakist- stance Force (ISAF) NATO statement areas of Afghanistan, an’s clear-cut political gunship helicopters claimed that the militant where NATO and stance adopted amid violated Pakistani air- Afghan forces fight stern warnings and the space defying integrity had allegedly attacked a security post in eastern daily against the subsequent US written and sovereig-nty of Haqqani network, a apology and denials, the Pakistan for over half a Khost province of Pakistan-based Taleban NATO aircrafts con- dozen times in militancy Afghanistan. Later in the faction closely tied to tinued breaching Paki- plagued north-west day, two Kiowa stani airspace, raising Khyber Pakhtunkhwa al-Qaeda. wonders if these and southwest Balochis- helicopters killed The attackers, who incursions are being tan provinces bordering another four suspects. were disguised in police Rescue workers stand near the site of an airplane used as a barometer for Afghanistan further Internet uniforms, made it which crashed in Karachi 28 November, 2010.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Large Herbivore Grazing on Relics of the Presumed Mammoth
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Efects of large herbivore grazing on relics of the presumed mammoth steppe in the extreme climate of NE‑Siberia Jennifer Reinecke1,2*, Kseniia Ashastina3,4, Frank Kienast3, Elena Troeva5 & Karsten Wesche1,2,6 The Siberian mammoth steppe ecosystem changed dramatically with the disappearance of large grazers in the Holocene. The concept of Pleistocene rewilding is based on the idea that large herbivore grazing signifcantly alters plant communities and can be employed to recreate lost ecosystems. On the other hand, modern rangeland ecology emphasizes the often overriding importance of harsh climates. We visited two rewilding projects and three rangeland regions, sampling a total of 210 vegetation relevés in steppe and surrounding vegetation (grasslands, shrublands and forests) along an extensive climatic gradient across Yakutia, Russia. We analyzed species composition, plant traits, diversity indices and vegetation productivity, using partial canonical correspondence and redundancy analysis. Macroclimate was most important for vegetation composition, and microclimate for the occurrence of extrazonal steppes. Macroclimate and soil conditions mainly determined productivity of vegetation. Bison grazing was responsible for small‑scale changes in vegetation through trampling, wallowing and debarking, thus creating more open and disturbed plant communities, soil compaction and xerophytization. However, the magnitude of efects depended on density and type of grazers as well as on interactions with climate and site conditions. Efects of bison grazing were strongest in the continental climate of Central Yakutia, and steppes were generally less afected than meadows. We conclude that contemporary grazing overall has rather limited efects on vegetation in northeastern Siberia. Current rewilding practices are still far from recreating a mammoth steppe, although large herbivores like bison can create more open and drier vegetation and increase nutrient availability in particular in the more continental Central Yakutian Plain.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul Y. Engineering Group Limited *
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. This announcement is for information purposes only and does not constitute an invitation or offer to acquire, purchase or subscribe for securities nor is it calculated to invite any such offer or invitation. In particular, this announcement does not constitute and is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of any offer to buy securities in Hong Kong, the United States or elsewhere. Paul Y. Engineering Group Limited * (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Incorporated in Bermuda with limited liability) (Stock code: 577) (Stock code: 498) VERY SUBSTANTIAL ACQUISITION DEEMED VERY SUBSTANTIAL INCLUDING A POTENTIAL SHARE DISPOSAL AND POTENTIAL TRANSACTION DISCLOSEABLE TRANSACTION FOR PYE FOR PYI PROPOSED PLACING OF NEW SHARES BY PYE REQUIRING A SPECIFIC MANDATE FROM PYE SHAREHOLDERS, AND CONSTITUTING A DEEMED VERY SUBSTANTIAL DISPOSAL FOR PYI PROPOSED FILM JOINT VENTURE BETWEEN PYE, LEGENDARY AND HUAYI CONSTITUTING A VERY SUBSTANTIAL ACQUISITION FOR PYE AND INCLUDING A POTENTIAL SHARE TRANSACTION FOR PYE PROPOSED CAPITAL REDUCTION BY PYE AND PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION IN SPECIE BY PYE OF A 49% INTEREST IN ITS EXISTING BUSINESSES, WITH THE OFFER OF A CASH ALTERNATIVE PROVIDED
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Beijing's Competitive Advantage As An
    A Study of Beijing‘s Competitive Advantage as an Emergent Media Capital Angela Lin Huang Bachelor of Law / Master of Law A dissertation presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Creative Industries Faculty, Queensland University of Technology 2012 1 Keywords Media capital Media industries Media market Media cluster Media policy China Beijing Institution i Abstract The development of creative industries has been connected to urban development since the end of the 20th century. However, the causality of why creative industries always cluster and develop in certain cities hasn‘t been adequately demonstrated, especially as to how various resources grow, interact and nurture the creative capacity of the locality. Therefore it is vital to observe how the local institutional environment nurtures creative industries and how creative industries consequently change the environment in order to better address the connection between creative industries and localities. In Beijing, the relocation of CCTV, BTV and Phoenix to Chaoyang District raises the possibility of a new era for Chinese media, one in which the stodginess of propaganda content will give way to exciting new forms and genres. The mixing of media companies in an open commercial environment (away from the political power district of Xicheng) holds the promise of more freedom of expression and, ultimately, to a ‗media capital‘ (Curtin, 2003). These are the dreams of many media practitioners in Beijing. But just how realistic are their expectations? This study adopts the concept of ‗media capital‘ to demonstrate how participants, including state-media organisations, private media companies and international media conglomerates, are seeking out space and networks to survive in Beijing.
    [Show full text]
  • Songs of the Kolyma Tundra
    ‘Songs of the Kolyma Tundra’ – Co-Production and Perpetuation of Knowledge Concerning Ecology and Weather in the Indigenous Communities of Nizhnikolyma, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation Tero Mustonen (1), Viatcheslav Shadrin (2), Kaisu Mustonen (1), Vladimir Vasiliev (3) together with the community representatives from Kolumskaya, Cherski, Andrejuskino, Podhovsk and the nomadic communities of Nutendli and Turvaurgin in the Niznikolyma region, Republic of Sakha-Yakutia, Russian Federation (1) Snowchange Cooperative / University of Joensuu (2) Institute of the Indigenous Peoples of the North (3) Northern Forum Academy Contact Information: Tero Mustonen, Snowchange Cooperative Havukkavaarantie 29 FIN 8125 Lehtoi Finland Email: [email protected] www.snowchange.org Abstract This article highlights community-based observations of climate and weather related changes in Indigenous communities of Niznikolyma or Lower Kolyma Region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russian Federation along with local efforts to preserve traditional knowledge through a nomadic school, in part as an adaptive mechanism. The observations have been collected using a method of co-production of knowledge, which allows the local Indigenous peoples to participate in a meaningful way in research that involves and affects them. In the past four years, the Snowchange Cooperative based in Finland, in cooperation with the Institute of the Indigenous Peoples of the North and Northern Forum Academy based in Yakutsk, has conducted field research in the region to document and assess observations of rapid changes to weather, ecosystems, and human societies of North-East Siberia. Thawing of the continuous permafrost, disappearance of fishing lakes, and increased flooding and erosion are some of the observed changes impacting the region and its inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue
    No. 41 Spring/Summer 2006 In this Issue: • Climate Change Stories from the Russian Arctic • Studying the Impacts of a Chinese Chemical Spill in Bolonsky Zapovednik • Abkhazia's Ritsinsky Relict National Park • Avian Flu: Russian Policies Raise Concerns PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN RUSSIA AND THROUGHOUT NORTHERN EURASIA CONTENTS CONTENTS Voice from the Wild ECOLOGICAL TOURISM (A Letter from the Editors)........................................................1 Encouraging Whale Watching and Marine PROTECTED AREAS Ecotourism in Russia...................................................................15 Bolonsky Zapovednik Studying the Impacts The Great Baikal Trai........................………………………………....18 of a Chinese Chemical Spill ................................………………...2 FOR DISCUSSION Developing and Regulating Tourism: Striking a Delicate Balance in Abkhazia's Avian Flu: Russian Official Ritsinsky Relict National Park.............................……………….5 Policies Raise Concerns................………….………………………..21 ENDANGERED ECOSYSTEMS CONSERVATION HISTORY Pleistocene Park: Return of the Reflections on the Social History Mammoth's Ecosystem.................................................................8 of Pechoro-Ilychsky Zapovednik...........…………………….25 Coastal Dwellers on Russia's ABSTRACTS IN RUSSIAN...............................................29 Chukotka Peninsula Report the Effects of Climate Change...........................12 CONSERVATION CONTACTS..............Back Cover Russian Conservation News is produced with
    [Show full text]
  • Rewilding John Carey, Science Writer
    CORE CONCEPTS CORE CONCEPTS Rewilding John Carey, Science Writer America’s vast forests and plains, Siberia’s tundra, or Such a restoration would bring back vital but lost Romania’s Carpathian Mountains may seem wild and ecological processes and benefits, Martin and others full of life. But they’re all missing something big: the large came to believe. Without mammoths and millions of animals that vanished by the end of the Pleistocene Ep- aurochs and other grazers (and wolves and big cats to och, roughly 10,000 years ago. In the United States, only keep the herbivores in check), the enormously pro- bones and echoing footsteps remain of the mammoths, ductive grasslands of the Pleistocene turned into camels, massive armadillo-like glyptodonts, lions, dire today’s far less productive forest, shrub land, and wolves, and saber-toothed cats that roamed for millennia. mossy tundra, with a major loss of ecosystem com- “Without knowing it, Americans live in a land of ghosts,” plexity and diversity. “Paul realized there was a big wrote the late University of Arizona scientist Paul Martin missing ecosystem component—the megafauna,” ex- in his 2005 book, Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age plains Harry Greene, professor of ecology and evolu- Extinctions and the Rewilding of America (1). tionary biology at Cornell. “Everything in North Some scientists and others now argue that we America evolved with about 58 to 60 big mammals should be bringing some of those ghosts back, part of that went extinct.” a controversial movement to “rewild” parts of Europe That realization sparked a growing effort to recre- and North America, whether by reintroducing extant ate the lost past, especially in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Methane Emissions from Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes
    Portland State University PDXScholar Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations Physics 2-3-2009 Global Methane Emissions From Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes Qianlai Zhuang Purdue University John M. Melack University of California, Santa Barbara Sergey Zimov North-East Science Station, Cherski Katey Marion Walter University of Alaska, Fairbanks Christopher Lee Butenhoff Portland State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/phy_fac Part of the Physics Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Zhuang, Q., J. M. Melack, S. Zimov, K. M. Walter, C. L. Butenhoff, and M. A. K. Khalil (2009), Global Methan Emissions From Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes, Eos Trans. AGU, 90(5), 37, doi:10.1029/ 2009EO050001. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Authors Qianlai Zhuang, John M. Melack, Sergey Zimov, Katey Marion Walter, Christopher Lee Butenhoff, and M. A. K. Khalil This article is available at PDXScholar: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/phy_fac/5 Eos, Vol. 90, No. 5, 3 February 2009 VOLUME 90 NUMBER 5 3 FEBRUARY 2009 EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION PAGES 37–44 accurately quantify global methane emis- Global Methane Emissions From sions with these models [e.g., Dlugokencky et al., 2003]. Instrumentation for monitoring methane fluxes and concentrations should Wetlands, Rice Paddies, and Lakes be a priority.
    [Show full text]
  • Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape
    Not lawn, nor pasture, mead: INVITATION Not lawn, nor pasture, nor mead: Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape Andrea Rae Gammon Include that there will be a reception in the Aula following the defense. Paranymhps: Mira Vegter Andrea Rae Gammon [email protected] & Jochem Zwier [email protected] Not Lawn, Nor Pasture, Nor Mead: Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape gammon-layout.indd 1 13/01/2018 15:28 On the cover: Treelines (2009) by Robert Hite. Used with the generous permission of the artist. ISBN 978-94-6295-843-2 © 2017, Andrea Rae Gammon Printing, layout and cover design by ProefschriftMaken | Proefschriftmaken.nl gammon-layout.indd 2 13/01/2018 15:28 Not Lawn, Nor Pasture, Nor Mead: Rewilding and the Cultural Landscape PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 19 februari 2018 om 12.30 uur precies door Andrea Rae Gammon geboren op 11 augustus 1985 te Portland, Maine, Verenigde Staten van Amerika gammon-layout.indd 3 13/01/2018 15:28 Promotoren Prof. dr. H.A.E. Zwart Prof. dr. F.W.J. Keulartz Copromotor Dr. M.A.M. Drenthen Manuscriptcommissie Prof. dr. J. P. Wils (voorzitter) Prof. dr. P.J.H. Kockelkoren (Universiteit Twente) Dr. E. Peeren (Universiteit van Amsterdam) gammon-layout.indd 4 13/01/2018 15:28 Here was no man’s garden, but the unhandselled globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report for Team 15.Py.Pdf
    Pleistocene Park Simulations Simulating Pleistocene Park New Mexico Supercomputing Challenge Final Report April 11th, 2021 Team 15 Monte del Sol Charter School Team Members: Brooklynn Martinez Isabella Martinez Kaley Martinez Project Mentors: Charles Strauss Joann Mudge Pleistocene Park Simulations Table of Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………....3 Research and Context…………………………………………………………...…….4-5 Solving the Problem……………………………………………………………..……5-6 Results ………………………………………………………………………….…….6-9 In the Future……………………………………………………………………….…..9 Conclusion and Acknowledgments ………………………………………………..…10 References…………………………………………………………………………….11 Appendix A…………………………………………………………………….……..12-18 Appendix B……………………………………………………………………...…….19 Appendix C…………………………………………………………………..……….20-21 Pleistocene Park Simulations Executive summary: Climate change: a global phenomenon caused by an increase of carbon in our atmosphere that causes the Earth’s climate to change. In Siberia, a project founded by Sergey Zimov, called the Pleistocene Park, works with megafauna in order to develop, reverse and prevent the permafrost currently melting in the Arctic. During the Pleistocene Period, megafauna such as mammoths existed and inhabited the environment there. The Pleistocene Project works to re-introduce similar animals in order to de-insulate the snow and revive the grasslands. Keywords: snow patches, de-insulation megafauna, compact, climate change, global warming, Arctic Winter, simulation Pleistocene Park Simulations Research and Context: Climate Change is a global phenomenon with limited time and limited solutions. With a little over a decade to relieve the extensive C02 influx in the atmosphere, the hunt for an answer is more critical than ever. Solutions, such as the Abandoned Farmland Restorations and Efficient Aviation, explained by Paul Hawkin, an environmentalist, have been implemented in order to stall the ramifications of global warming, but not to stop it. The time to find a solution with substantial consequences is now.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Megafauna and Frozen Soil in the Atmospheric CH4 Dynamics
    Role of Megafauna and Frozen Soil in the Atmospheric CH4 Dynamics Sergey Zimov*, Nikita Zimov Northeast Science Station, Pacific Institute for Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Cherskii, Russia Abstract Modern wetlands are the world’s strongest methane source. But what was the role of this source in the past? An analysis of global 14C data for basal peat combined with modelling of wetland succession allowed us to reconstruct the dynamics of global wetland methane emission through time. These data show that the rise of atmospheric methane concentrations during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was not connected with wetland expansion, but rather started substantially later, only 9 thousand years ago. Additionally, wetland expansion took place against the background of a decline in atmospheric methane concentration. The isotopic composition of methane varies according to source. Owing to ice sheet drilling programs past dynamics of atmospheric methane isotopic composition is now known. For example over the course of Pleistocene-Holocene transition atmospheric methane became depleted in the deuterium isotope, which indicated that the rise in methane concentrations was not connected with activation of the deuterium-rich gas clathrates. Modelling of the budget of the atmospheric methane and its isotopic composition allowed us to reconstruct the dynamics of all main methane sources. For the late Pleistocene, the largest methane source was megaherbivores, whose total biomass is estimated to have exceeded that of present-day humans and domestic animals. This corresponds with our independent estimates of herbivore density on the pastures of the late Pleistocene based on herbivore skeleton density in the permafrost. During deglaciation, the largest methane emissions originated from degrading frozen soils of the mammoth steppe biome.
    [Show full text]
  • De-Extinction
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review De-Extinction Ben Jacob Novak 1,2,3 1 Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-415-289-1000 2 Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia 3 Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Newcomb, Victoria 3220, Australia Received: 26 September 2018; Accepted: 7 November 2018; Published: 13 November 2018 Abstract: De-extinction projects for species such as the woolly mammoth and passenger pigeon have greatly stimulated public and scientific interest, producing a large body of literature and much debate. To date, there has been little consistency in descriptions of de-extinction technologies and purposes. In 2016, a special committee of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) published a set of guidelines for de-extinction practice, establishing the first detailed description of de-extinction; yet incoherencies in published literature persist. There are even several problems with the IUCN definition. Here I present a comprehensive definition of de-extinction practice and rationale that expounds and reconciles the biological and ecological inconsistencies in the IUCN definition. This new definition brings together the practices of reintroduction and ecological replacement with de-extinction efforts that employ breeding strategies to recover unique extinct phenotypes into a single “de-extinction” discipline. An accurate understanding of de-extinction and biotechnology segregates the restoration of certain species into a new classification of endangerment, removing them from the purview of de-extinction and into the arena of species’ recovery.
    [Show full text]
  • Animals and Ecological Science
    Animals and Ecological Science Oxford Handbooks Online Animals and Ecological Science Anita Guerrini The Oxford Handbook of Animal Studies (Forthcoming) Edited by Linda Kalof Subject: Political Science, Political Theory, Comparative Politics Online Publication Date: Feb DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199927142.013.25 2015 Abstract and Keywords Ecological science, which studies the relationships between organisms and their environments, developed from natural history. Aristotle’s teleological chain of being and detailed description modeled natural history until the eighteenth century. Linnaeus and Buffon replaced Aristotelian categories with new criteria for classification, leading the way to Darwin’s evolutionary theory. Darwinian evolution depended on environmental factors and led to the birth of ecological science by the end of the nineteenth century. The ecosystem concept emphasizes populations and systems rather than individuals. Case studies, of wolves and fish show the range of modern ecological science. Anthropogenic changes to the environment have led to extinction and endangered species. Attempts to meliorate human influence include rewilding and synthetic biology. Keywords: ecological science, chain of being, ecosystem, endangered species, evolution, extinction, natural history, rewilding, synthetic biology, taxonomy Introduction The chapter examines animals as objects of scientific study in the ecological sciences under three broad headings. Before there was ecological science, there was natural history, while today some believe that the future of ecological science is in what has been called de-extinction or synthetic biology. Between these two extremes, I look at some current practices in ecological science, with case studies of wolves and fish. The following section of the volume looks at animals in ecosystems. From Natural History to Ecology Although Aristotle (384–322 BCE) was not the first to regard animals as subjects of inquiry rather than as commodities, he was the first Western philosopher to do this systematically.
    [Show full text]