January 2012 February 2012

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March 2012 April 2012 Fatih Mosque January 2012 Putra Masjid February 2012 Mosquee De Lyon Badr Eddine March 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S Roermond, Netherlands Putra Jaya, Malaysia Lyon, France 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30

May 2012 June 2012

S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Halton Mosque April 2012 Auburn Gallipoli Mosque May 2012 Yavuz Sultan Selim Camii June 2012 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Burlington, Canada Auburn, Australia Mannheim, Germany

July 2012 August 2012

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September 2012 October 2012

S M T W T F S S M T W T F S Dome of The Rock July 2012 Masjid Al-Jazzar August 2012 Al-Fateh Grand Mosque September 2012 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jerusalem, Palestine Akko, Palestine Manama, Bahrain 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 30 November 2012 December 2012

S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Al-Masjid Al-Haram, October 2012 ICCP November 2012 Auburn Gallipoli Mosque December 2012 Makkah, Saudi Arabia Phoenix, AZ, United States Auburn, Australia

© Al-Anwar Designs • 601 Pheasant Run Dr, Murphy, TX 75094 Tel (469) 228-5244 • Fax (214) 594-2290 • www.Alanwar-Designs.com • www.MuslimGuide.com Fatih Mosque City: Roermond Country: Netherlands Year Established: 2009

Narrated ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr: عن عبد اهلل بن عمرو رضي اهلل عهنما ، قال : The Prophet never used bad language neither a “Fahish nor a Mutafahish. He used to say “The مل يكن ر�سول اهلل  فاح�شاً ول متفح�شا وكان يقول: »�إن من خياركم �أح�سنكم �أخالقا« متفق عليه best amongst you are those who have the best manners and character.” Al-Bukhari & Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. January Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Paper) Safar - Rabi’ I 1100 years ago, Muslims started man- the major suppliers to Europe. Mus- and linen as a substitute to the bark of a flourishing book trade and learning, ufacturing paper in Baghdad after the lims introduced hemp (a raw material the mulberry, and experimented with and replaced the higher-costing use of capture of Chinese prisoners in the bat- that produced high quality paper, cost making cotton paper. The earliest copy papyrus and parchment. It also kick- tle of Tallas in 751 CE. It spread quickly less than ½ as much to process wood- of the Quran on paper was recorded in started other professions, like those of west of Damascus, Tiberias, and Syrian based paper, and is considered renew- the 10th century in Egypt. Producing dyers, ink makers, manuscript crafts- 1433 2012 Tripoli. The mills of Damascus were able and environmentally safe today) paper in the Muslim world stimulated men and calligraphists. - - صفر ربيع األول Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation كانون الثاين يناير

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 New Year’s Day (U.S.A. & Canada)

7 Safar 8 9 10 11 12 13 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. (U.S.A.)

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

28 29 1 Rabi’ I 2 3 4 5 29 30 31 1 2 Dec 2011 Feb 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 6 7 8 9 10 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 Putra Masjid City: Putra Jaya Country: Malaysia Year Established: 1999

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, should not hurt his neighbor and whoever believes in Allah and »من كان ي ؤمن �باهلل واليوم الآخر فال ي�ؤذ جاره ، ومن كان ي�ؤمن باهلل واليوم الآخر فليكرم �ضيفه ، ومن كان ي�ؤمن باهلل the Last Day, should serve his guest generously and whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day, should talk واليوم الآخر فليقل خريا �أو لي�صمت« متفق عليه what is good or keep quiet.” Al-Bukhari & Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Hospital Development) Rabi’ I - Rabi’ II February Islamic hospitals began in 8th Centu- between 872 and 874 CE. The Ah- It was an incredibly advanced insti- subject and the prince, of the citizen ry Baghdad and in some ways they mad ibn Tulun Hospital treated and tution. “It’s [the hospital’s] duty to and the brigand, without demand resembled xenodocheions as they gave medicine to all patients free of give care to the ill, poor, menand for any form of payment, but only also looked after lepers, the invalid charge. It had two bath houses (one women until they recover. It is at for the sake of God, the provider.” 2012 and the destitute. The first organized for men and one for women), a rich the service of the powerful and the The constitution establishing the al- 1433 ‘proper’ hospital was built in Cairo library, and a section for the insane. weak, the poor and the rich, of the Mansuri Hospital in Cairo. - - ربيع األول ربيع الثاين Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation شباط فرباير

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4

9 Rabi’ I 10 11 12 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 President’s Day (U.S.A.)

27 28 29 30 1 Rabi’ II 2 3 26 27 28 29 1 Jan 2012 Mar 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 4 5 6 7 8 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Mosquee De Lyon Badr Eddine City: Lyon Country: France Year Established: 1994

Narrated Abu Huraira: عن ايب هريرة رضي اهلل عنه قال: The Prophet PBUH said: “It’s part of the goodness of one’s Islam to give up what قال ر�سول اهلل : »من ح�سن �إ�سالم املرء تركه ما ل يعنيه« الرتمذي doesn’t concern him.” Al-Tirmithi © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Pharmacy) Rabi’ II - Jumada I March At the beginning of the 9th century father to son. These family-owned of weights and measures, as well dispensaries and manufacturing pharmacists were independent businesses were periodically in- as the purity of the drugs used, units like primitive laboratories, professionals running their own spected by a government appoint- and stopping the use of any bad producing various drugs and phar- pharmacies, with the skills of com- ed official, al-Muhtasib (acting as and deteriorating drug as well as maceutical preparations. 2012 pounding, storing and preserving a health and safety executive), and getting rid of impostors and char- 1433 drugs being handed down from his aides, checking the accuracy latans. Pharmacies had their own ربيع الثاين - مجادى األوىل - Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation آذار مارس

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday Feb 2012 Apr 2012 1 2 3 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 29 30 8 Rabi’ II 9 10 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 1 Jumada I 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Halton Mosque City: Burlington Country: Canada Year Established: Early 90’s

Narrated Abu Huraira: عن ايب هريرة رضي اهلل عنه: A man said to the Prophet , “advise me! “The Prophet said, “Do not become angry and furious.” The man asked (the �أن رجال قال للنبي : »�أو�صني قال: ل تغ�ضب. فردد مرارا قال: ل تغ�ضب« البخاري same) again and again, and the Prophet said in each case, “Do not become angry and furious.” Al-Bukhari © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. April Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Geography) Jumada I - Jumada II Muslims have always been outward had to move in search of fresh and bet- impetus to study geography was the of the earliest scientific descriptive ge- looking, observing and recording their ter pastures, so knowledge of their sur- orientation of Qibla. Finally, the political ographers, and a highly talented math- surroundings near and far. They were roundings was vital. The holy pilgrim- and administrative requirements of the ematician. His famous book, The Form great travellers, explorers and mer- age journey (Hajj) depended on word expanding the Muslim world created of the Earth, inspired a generation of chants, and this practical awareness of mouth accounts of new and found another dimension in the search for writers in Baghdad and Muslim Spain, 2012 of the world inspired scholars to make routes to Mecca and Medina, which geographical knowledge. AI-Khwarizmi, to unearth, analyse and record geo- 1433 great studies of places and people. They were later put in written form. Another a 9th century Persian scholar, was one graphical data. مجادى األوىل - مجادى اآلخرة - Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation نيسان إبريل

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Good Friday (Canada)

9 Jumada I 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

1 Jumada II 2 3 4 5 6 7 29 30 1 2 3 Mar 2012 May 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 8 9 10 11 12 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 27 28 29 30 31 Auburn Gallipoli Mosque City: Auburn Country: Australia Year Established: 1999

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “He who observed the fast of Ramadan and then followed it with six (fasts) »من �صام رم�ضان ثم �أتبعه �ستا من �شوال ، كان ك�صيام الدهر« مسلم ofshawwal. it would be as if he fasted perpetually.” Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Navigation) Jumada II - Rajab May The earliest evidence on the mag- Persian Gulf. The compass was description of the use of the mag- in Egypt in 1282. He described the netic compass is found in the Per- described as follows: ‘a fish made netic compass for navigation in the use of a floating compass during a sian work called “Collection of of iron is rubbed with a magnetic Islamic world was by Baylak al- sea voyage from Tripoli in Syria to Stories” by Muhammad al-Awfi. stone and then put in a bowl filled Qibjaqi in his “The Book of Trea- Alexandria in 1242. 2012 The year was 1233, and the voy- with water; it rotates until it stops, sure for Merchants who Seek 1433 - age was over the Red Sea or the pointing to the south’. The first full Knowledge of Stones”, written - مجادى اآلخرة رجب Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation آيار مايو

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4 5

10 Jumada II 11 12 13 14 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Victoria Day (Canada)

29 30 1 Rajab 2 3 4 5 27 28 29 30 31 Apr 2012 Jun 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S Memorial Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 (U.S.A.) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 6 7 8 9 10 29 30 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Yavuz Sultan Selim Camii City: Mannheim Country: Germany Year Established: 1995

عن سهل بن سعد رضى اهلل عنه قال: :Narrated Sahl bin Sa’d The Prophet, PBUH, said, “I and the person who looks after an orphan and provides for him, will قال ر�سول اهلل : »�أنا وكافل اليتيم يف اجلنة هكذا« )و�أ�شار ب�إ�صبعيه ال�سبابة والو�سطى وفرج بينهما(. البخاري be in Paradise like this”, putting his index and middle fingers together. Al-Bukhari © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Astrolabe) Rajab - Sha’ban June The astrolabe was developed by before the invention of digital Astrolabes were the astronomical it into Europe where modern as- Muslims mainly to determine the computers and the most impor- and analogue computers of their tronomy was born. accurate timings for the 5 daily tant astronomical observational time, solving problems relating to prayers and the direction of Mecca. device before the invention of the the position of celestial bodies. It 2012 This device is “the most important telescope”, as described by Dr. Wil- was through Muslim hard-working 1433 - astronomical calculating device liams, an American astrophysicist. scholars that the astrolabe made - رجب شعبان Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation حزيران يونيو

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday May 2012 Jul 2012 1 2 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 31 11 Rajab 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

الإ�رساء واملعراج Al-Israa’ wa Al-Mi’raj 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

27 28 29 30 1 Sha’ban 2 3 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dome of The Rock City: Jerusalem Country: Palestine Year Established: 691 AD

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “A person can’t be a perfect Muslim unless he desires for his brother (in faith) »ل ي�ؤمن �أحدكم حتى يحب لأخيه ما يحب لنف�سه« متفق عليه that which he desires for himself.” Al-Bukhari & Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Windmills) Sha’ban - Ramadan July Muslims used water to produce wheat, but in drier parts of the the idea of windmills, a 7th cen- widely used to run millstones for energy harnessed in machines like Islamic world alternate power sup- tury discovery in Persia. A Persian grinding corn and to draw up wa- the crank rod system, which took plies were sought. Desert winds had come to the 2nd Caliph Umar, ter for irrigation. water to higher levels and into that blew regularly from the same who reigned for 10 years, and 2012 aqueducts to quench the thirst of place for about 120 days and had convinced him to build a mill oper- 1433 - towns. Water drove mills to grind constant direction brought about ated by wind. Wind power became - شعبان رمضان Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation تموز يوليو

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Canada Day Independence Day (Canada) (U.S.A.)

11 Sha’ban 12 13 14 15 16 17 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

25 26 27 28 29 1 Ramadan 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 29 30 31 1 2 Jun 2012 Aug 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 10 11 12 13 14 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 Masjid Al-Jazzar City: Akko Country: Palestine Year Established: 1781

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “Truthfulness leads to righteousness, and righteousness leads to Paradise.” »�إن ال�صدق يهدي �إلى الرب، و�إن الرب يهدي �إلى اجلنة« متفق عليه Al-Bukhari & Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Dams) Ramadan - Shawwal August The design and aesthetics of the voirs, with 2 basins each. One was In Iran is the Kebar dam, the old- construction in Muslim Spain was most impressive dams were pro- used for decantation, the separat- est arched dam known (about 700 immense, and the masonry they duced by the Aghlabid¬ of Tunisia ing the sediment from the water, years old). In today’s Afghanistan, used was a type of cement that near their capital, al Qayrawan, in and the other was a reserve. Some- 3 dams were completed by King was harder than stone itself, so 2012 the 9th century. In the region of times, on the larger schemes, there Mahmoud of Ghaznah in the 11th they hardly needed any repairs in 1433 - Tunisia, there were over 250 reser- was a third one for drawing water. century near his capital city. Dam a thousand years. - رمضان شوال Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation آب أغسطس

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday Jul 2012 Sep 2012 1 2 3 4 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 13 Ramadan 14 15 16 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

فتح مكة معركة بدر The Battle of Badr The Conquest of (2 A.H.) Makkah (8 A.H.) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

عيد الفطر Eid Al-Fitr 1 Shawwal 2 3 4 5 6 7 26 27 28 29 30 31 1

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Al-Fateh Grand Mosque City: Manama Country: Bahrain Year Established: 1988

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “The womb i.e blood relation, is suspended from the Throne of Allah and announces: ‘Allah will hold »الرحم معلقة بالعر�ش تقول من و�صلني و�صله اهلل، ومن قطعني قطعه اهلل« مسلم by him who holds by me; and Allah will cut asunder from him who cuts asunder from me.” Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Libraries) Shawwal - Thul Qi’dah September The vast production of books dur- had a library of 600,000 volumes lections, which attracted scholars were similar libraries in Cairo, Alep- ing the Abbasid rules dictated that in their huge Cordoba library. There from all parts of the Muslim world. po (that had the largest and oldest these books are collected and pre- were huge network of public librar- Before the Mongols decimated mosque library called ‘the Sayfiya’ served, thus establishing hundreds ies in mosques (called dar al-kutub Baghdad in 1258, it had 36 libraries with a collection of 10,000 vol- 2012 of public and private owned librar- or ‘The House of Books’) in most big and over 100 book dealers, some of umes) and the major cities of Iran, 1433 - ies. The Umayyad rulers of Spain cities plus prestigious private col- whom were also publishers. There Central Asia and Mesopotamia. - شوال ذو القعدة Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation أيلول سبتمرب

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday Aug 2012 Oct 2012 1 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 27 28 29 30 31 28 29 30 31 14 Shawwal 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Labor Day (U.S.A. & Canada)

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

29 1 Thul Qi’dah 2 3 4 5 6 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Al-Masjid Al-Haram City: Makkah Country: Saudi Arabia Built by Prophets Ibrahim and Ismael

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “There is no other day on which Allah frees a larger number of His slaves from »ما من يوم �أكرث من �أن يعتق اهلل فيه عبداً من النار من يوم عرفة« مسلم the fire of Hell than the Day of Arafah.” Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Post & Mail) Thul Qi’dah - Thul Hijjah October A major breakthrough happened way postal service, always back to of delivering messages. In 14th cen- sprint as fast as he could for a 1/3 of in Baghdad when the Abbasid ca- base, became possible. Through se- tury medieval India, it was couriers, a mile, and on hearing the bells the liphs used carrier pigeons, because lective breeding of suitable birds, the like modern day relay runners, who next man would get ready to take they noted the tendency of certain homing pigeon developed, and Bay- took messages to the Muslim sultan the mail. In all, it only took five days 2012 pigeons to fly straight home from bars (a Mamluk caliph), 500 years sitting in Delhi. A man carrying a rod for a message to get from the east- 1433 wherever they may be. A fast one- later made this a very effective form with copper bells on the top would ern edge of India to the capital. ذو القعدة - ذو الحجة - Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation ترشين األول أكتوبر

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4 5 6

15 Thul Qi’dah 16 17 18 19 20 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Columbus Day (U.S.A.)

Thanksgiving Day (Canada) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

28 29 30 1 Thul Hijjah 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

�أيام الت�رشيق عيد الأ�ضحى يوم عرفة Arafat Day Eid Al-Adha Tashreeq Days 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 28 29 30 31 1 Sep 2012 Nov 2012 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 �أيام الت�رشيق �أيام الت�رشيق 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Tashreeq Days Tashreeq Days 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 25 26 27 28 29 30 12 13 14 15 16 30 Islamic Community Center of Phoenix (ICCP) City: Phoenix, Arizona Country: United States Year Established: 1997

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “Be afraid from the curse of the oppressed as there is no screen between his »اتق دعوة املظلوم ف�إنها لي�س بينها وبني اهلل حجاب« البخاري invocation and Allah.” Al-Bukhari © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Carpets) Thul Hijjah - Muharram November Carpets were first made by the wall curtains providing privacy; also due to Muslim chemistry pro- all arranged around a large central Bedouin tribes of Arabia, Persia and for items such as blankets, ducing new tinctures for tanning medallion. Arabesque and floral and Anatolia, who used them as bags and saddles. Muslims devel- and textiles. Muslim carpets were patterns filled the areas around tents, sheltering them from sand oped both the design and weav- renowned for their quality and these shapes pulling it all together 1433/1434 2012 storms; floor coverings providing ing technique, and so their carpets rich geometric patterns of stars, with a sense of unity. great comfort for the household; came in wonderful colors. This was octagons, triangles and rosettes, - ذو الحجة محرم - Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation ترشين الثاين نوفمرب

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday Oct 2012 Dec 2012 1 2 3 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 16 Thul Hijjah 17 18 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Veterans Day (U.S.A.)

Remembrance Day (Canada) 26 27 28 29 1 Muharran 1434 2 3 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Thanksgiving Day (U.S.A.) عا�شوراء تا�سوعاء Taso’a A’shora 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 25 26 27 28 29 30 1

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Auburn Gallipoli Mosque City: Auburn Country: Australia Year Established: 1999

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “If any Muslim plants any plant and a human being or an animal eats of it, he »ما من م�سلم غر�س غر�ساً ف�أكل منه �إن�سان �أو دابة �إل كان له به �صدقة« البخاري will be rewarded as if he had given that much in charity.” Al-Bukhari © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. December Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (The Camera Obscura) Muharram - Safar Ibn al-Haitham, while in a room one periments, he explained that light trav- flat white surface parallel to the hole. or pinhole camera, in history. He went day, noticed light coming through a elled in a straight line and when the He then established that the smaller on to explain that we see objects up- small hole made in the window shut- rays were reflected off a bright subject the hole, the clearer the picture. His right and not upside down, as the cam- ters. It fell onto the wall opposite and they passed through the small hole discoveries led to the invention of the era does, because of the connection of it was the half-moon shape of the sun’s and did not scatter but crossed and re- camera obscura, and Ibn al-Haitham the optic nerve with the brain, which 1434 2012 image during eclipses. From these ex- formed as an upside-down image on a built the first camera, a camera obscura analyses and defines the image. - - محرم صفر Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation كانون األول ديسمرب

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday Nov 2012 Jan 2013 1 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 25 26 27 28 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 17 Muharram 1434 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

25 26 27 28 29 1 Safar 2 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Christmas Day Boxing Day 30 31 (U.S.A. & Canada) (Canada)

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 King Fahd Bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud Mosque City: Europa Point Country: Gibraltar Year Established: 1997

The Prophet, PBUH, said: قال رسول اهلل : “One who covers up the failings of somebody in this world, will have his »ل ي�سرت عبد عبدا ًيف الدنيا، �إل �سرته اهلل يوم القيامة« مسلم shortcomings covered up by Allah on the Day of Judgment.” Muslim © Al-Anwar Designs. Photograph by Riad K. Ali. Muslims’ Contributions to Civilization (Astronomy) Safar - Rabi’ I January There was a practical need in location, which was done by ob- lim calendar, all these religious mo- tories in the East, but for the 300 the Muslim world to determine serving the position of the Sun and tivations made astronomy become years that Muslims ruled Toledo in the times of the 5 daily prayers Moon. Then the Quran had some a source of concern for Muslim Spain, it was the center of world throughout the year. They also major revelations about the heav- scholars a thousand years ago. astronomy. The new astronomical 2013 needed to know the direction of ens that needed to be explored. Most of the great astronomical tables made there were used in 1434 - Mecca from every geographical And, in addition to the lunar Mus- discoveries happened in observa- Europe for two centuries. - صفر ربيع األول Source: 1001 Inventions, Muslim Heritage in Our World, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation كانون الثاين يناير

ال�سبت Saturday اجلمعة Friday اخلمي�س Thursday الأربعاء Wednesday الثالثاء Tuesday الإثنني Monday الأحد Sunday 1 2 3 4 5 New Year’s Day (U.S.A. & Canada)

19 Safar 20 21 22 23 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

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1 Rabi’ I 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr. (U.S.A.)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 27 28 29 30 31 Dec 2012 Feb 2013 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 24 25 26 27 28 15 16 17 18 19 30 31