Bibliography

Asher, Michael (1984) By Camel through Sudan (Harlow: Longman). Collins, Robert (1963) Shadow in the Grass: Britain in Southern Sudan 1918±56 (London: Yale University Press). Daly, M. W. (1983) Sudan (Oxford: Clio Press). Deng, Francis Mading (1982) The Recollections of Baba Namir (London: Ithaca Press). Deng, Francis Mading (1995) War of Vision (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution). Gordon, Charles (1984) Sudan at the Crossroads (Wisbech: Menas Press). Mahmoud, Fatima Babiker (1984) The Sudanese Bourgoisie (London: Zed Press). Malwal, Bona (1981) People and Power in Sudan (London: Ithaca Press). Mansour, Khalid (1984) Nimairi and the Revolution of Dismay (London: Routledge). Prendergast, John (1997) Crisis Response (London: Pluto Press). Ryle, John (1982) Warriors of the White Nile (London: Time-Life Books). Thomas, Graham F. (1990) Sudan: 1950±85: Death of a Dream (London: Darf Publishers). Thomas, Graham F. (1995) Sudan: Conflict and Minorities (London: Minorities Rights Group).

209 Index

Note: The following are not shown as they appear throughout the text ± Africa(n)(s), ANAF, Anya-Nya, Khartoum, Sudan(ese). ÐÐÐÐÐÐ

Aba, island 21, 59±60, 123 Al Jihad, organisation 186 Ababda, tribe 175 Al Kufra(Libya) 135 Abbas, Khalid Hassan, Gen 59, 86 Albino, Oliver 39 Abbas, Philip Ghabosh 50 Albright, Madeleine 182, 195 Abboud, Ibrahim, Gen 9, 12±18, Alexandria, Egypt 120 21±6, 28±9, 31, 57, 64, 92 Algeria(n)(s) 12, 30, 34, 76, 93 Abdullah, Mohieddin, Brig 13±14, 25 Ali, Bashir Mohammed, Gen 102, 104 Abei, Gordon 29 Ali Fathy Ahmad, Gen 171 Abu Anga 42 Alier, Abel 58, 66, 86±8, 93±4, 103, Abu Daoud 95, 97±8 107±8, 118, 123±4, 128±9, 136, 191 Abuja(Nigeria) 176±9 Alier, Bullen 9 Abujohn, Samuel 80, 82, 84±5 Alliance of People's Working Abu Shaneina 191 Forces 202 Abur, Emmanuel, Col 80, 85 Allies 3 Abu Yusef 98 America(n)(s) 10, 34, 37, 50, 57±8, 70, Acholi, tribe 75 95, 97±9, 115, 119, 130, 135±6, 142, Acuil, Dahl 131 149, 151±2, 158, 179, 182, 198 Addis Ababa 83, 86±7, 90, 109, 171, Amin, Idi, Gen 75±6, 118±19 174, 187 Amin, Natissa el- 66, 85, 90 Addis Ababa Accord 100 Amnesty International 166, 172, 177 Aden, Abdullah Mohammed, Brig 59 `amputations' 132 Adler, Job 83 `Ana al-Sudan', movement 171 Advisory and Reformation Andom, Aman, Gen 110 Committee 189 Anglo-Egyptian Condominium 1, 2, Adwok, Luigi 25, 29, 33, 66±7, 88 3, 6, 70 Afewerki, Issaisa, President 187, 193 Angudri 52 `Afghan Arabs' 190 Anti-Imperialist Front 12, 23, 30 Afghan bloc 161±2 Ansar, sect 12, 23. 25, 28, 58±60, 64, Afghanistan 190, 198±9 100, 112±13, 126, 132, 140, 161, African Organisation for the Liberation 201, 207 of Blacks 150 Anyidi Revolutionary African People's Congress 152 Government 54, 68, 76, 79±80, Ahmad, Col 64 83 Ajudo, Nyingeri, Col 44 Arafat, Yasir 96, 98±9 Akik 192 Arab(s)(ic)(bloc) 2, 4, 11, 13, 18, 28, Akobo 44, 73, 83, 101, 134, 176 31, 42, 57, 90, 96, 100, 106 Akol, Lam 172, 194, 196 Arab Federation 64, 88 Akol, Peter 32 Arab Fund for Social and Economic Akwon, Joseph, Col 73, 80, 85 Development 101

210 Index 211

Arab-Israeli struggle 95, 100 Begin, Menachem 119 Arab-Israeli War (1967) 50, 74, 91, 107 Beirut (Lebanon) 61, 97±8, 111, 116, Arab-Israeli War (1973) 120, 165 164 Arab League 2, 29, 95, 104, 119, 121, BejaConference (Congress) 17, 159, 137 204 Arabian Peninsula 109 Beja Tribal Association 32 `armed struggle' 96 Belgium,(ian)(s) 87, 96±8 Arop, George Kongor 181±2 Belgian Congo 3, 95 Arua44 Belinia194 Ashikka(Islamic Brotherhood) 4±5 Benghazi (Libya) 128 Asmara (Eritrea) 109, 185, 187±8, Benina, airport (Libya) 62 192 Bentiu 134, 138, 157, 198 Asosa(Ethiopia) 191 Bernandino, Captain 20 Aswan Dam, agreement 4, 115 Beshareya 175 Atbara 93, 125 Biafra 76 Athens (Greece) 125 Bin Laden, Osama 189±90, 198±9 Ati, Omar Abad al 145 Bino, Oliver Batally 144 `Atoms for peace' 10 Biro, Gasper 187 Atta, Hashem, Major group 61±6, 84 Bisellia40 Australian 134 Black Africa 96, 99 Awadalla, Babiker 57,58 Black September Organisation 95±9, Aweil 78, 159, 196 114 Azande Development Scheme 7, 9±10 Blue Nile, province, river 2±4, 6, 59, Azania Liberation Front 33±5, 44±5, 147, 153, 163, 191, 197, 201, 205 68 Bol, Benjamin 107 Bol, Carabino Kuany, Col 179, 184, Baader, Andreas 96 188, 196, 200 Baader-Meinhof 96 Bol faction 179 Baath(ist) Party 115, 140, 149, 169 Bol, Samuel Aru 127±2, 144 Babangida, Ibrahim 176 Boma, plateau 158 Babiker, Tigany, Col 62 Bor 58, 115, 131, 138, 150, 153±4, Baggara, tribe 116, 159 162, 172, 175±6 Baghdad (Iraq) 62 Bor group 193 Bahar, Saad, Brig 119, 169 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros 176 Bahr el Ghazal, province 3, 8, 21, 36, Britain(ish) 1, 3, 5±7, 12±13, 19, 21, 38, 40, 42, 49, 52, 67, 69, 72, 77±8, 26, 28, 36±7, 40, 43, 55, 62, 70±71, 80, 83, 85, 131, 158±9, 162, 170, 89±90, 95, 163, 165, 199 176, 193, 196±8, 201±2 British Sudan Club 164 Banja 73 Bulgarian Embassy 62, 64 Bantus 127 Buny 201 Bany, William Nyuon 177, 184 Burmah 74 Bar Lev Line (Israel) 100 Bush, George (USA) 137, 139 Bari, tribe 53 `base rights' (USA) 109 Cairo (Egypt) 4, 62, 91, 96, 98, 105±6, Bashir, Omar Hassan, Gen 165±6, 120,171, 174, 176, 185, 196, 202 168±70, 173, 178, 180±6, 188±89, Camp David, Summit, 191±5, 199±203, 207 Agreements 119, 146 Bassiouni, Mary 130 Canada 175 BBC African Service 62 Cape-to-Cairo, railway 2 212 Index

`Carlos the Jackal' 183 Dahab, Swar el-Gen 143±9 Carter, Jimmy 163, 165±6, 180, 184±5 Damazin, power station 191 Carthew, Anthony 42 Dar es Salaam 198 CCI 133, 138 Darfur, province 3, 24, 40, 121±2, `Cells of the Arab Fedayeen' 164 159, 161, 165, 175, 187 Census 2 Darfur Development Front 159 Central African Republic 16, 89 Decentralisation Plan 117, 128 Central Arab Corps 6 Deng, Santino 13, 15, 31, 55 Chad(ian)(s) 48±9, 105, 114, 120, Deng, William 17±18, 20, 22, 29±33, 122, 130, 142, 159, 161, 165, 175, 46, 49, 51, 55 197, 200 Dergue 110±12, 114 Chali 192 Desert Durbar 12 Change-2 (C-2) 128±9 Dhol, Camillo 53 Change-3 (C-3) 128±9 Dinka, tribe 20, 31, 40, 53±4, 58, 116, Charter of the Alliance for National 118, 125, 128, 159±61, 166, 171, Salvation 143 181 Charter of Integration 129 Diu, Buth 5, 9, 31, 33, 46, 49, 55 Chatim, Charles Knat 138 Doleib Hill 40 Chevron, company 134, 138, 151 Doro 77 China(ese) 66, 77, 111, 160, 173 Duay, Michael 30 Chow, Col 101 DUP 118, 125, 152, 161, 163±4, 166, Christianity(s) 8, 11, 15±16, 32, 41, 169, 171, 184±5, 200 92, 112 Chuol, William Abdullah 151, 153 East Africa(n) 33, 54, 118, 124 Church Missionary Society 41 East Germany(n)(s) 66, 128, 163 CIA 56, 137, 158 Eastern Arab Corps 6 Clinton, President 199 Eastern Liberation Front 90 Cold War 1, 37, 133 Economic Salvation Programme 173 Command Council 165±6, 158 Egypt(ian)(s) 1±5, 9±11,13, 24, 30±1, Common Defence Council 106 50, 56, 59±60, 62±4, 70±4, 88, Communist Party 23±5, 30, 32, 34±5, 90±1, 95, 98, 103±4, 106±7, 47±8, 57±8, 61, 64, 70, 90, 92, 100, 109±10, 115±17, 119, 122, 129±30, 118, 165±86 134±5, 145±6, 153±4, 161, 165±6, Congo(ese) (republic) (see also 171, 175, 180, 182±3, 185±6, 190, Zaire) 21, 30, 36±7, 44, 54, 73±4, 193, 196, 198, 201, 205 76, 87 Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty 119±20 Constituent Assembly 152, 161, Egypt-Sudan Defence Agreement 114 164±5 Egypt-Sudan People's Assembly 120 Council of Defenders 168 Eid, Guy 95, 97±8 Council of Ministers 144, 160±1 Eisenhower Doctrine 10 Council of Sovereignty 25, 33 Eissa, Farouk Abu 63 `cross limb amputations' 132 El Daein 160 Cuba(n)(s) 110, 112, 128, 163, 180 El Fasher (Darfur) 121 CUSS 127, 133, 144 El Gardoud 149 Cyprus 12 El Huda125 Czech 34, 89 El Manaqil 125 El Obeid (Kordofan) 28 Dafalla, Nazir, Professor 91, 144, 146, English, language 11 150 Entebbe (Uganda) 156, 158, 177 Index 213

Equatoria, province 7±9, 19, 21, 36, General Command 143 38±41, 43±4, 46, 51, 54, 57, 67, 74, Generals' Mutiny 13 78±81, 83, 85, 124, 126, 128, 131, Geneva22 148, 150±1, 158±9, 164, 192, 200 Germany 13, 76,175 Eritrea(n)(s) 5, 13, 34, 48, 109±12, Gezira, project 103, 147 114, 126, 161, 186±97, 190±4, 204 Ghaboash, Philip Abbas 107, 113±14, Equatoria Corps 6, 7±8, 16, 29 136, 150, 161 Ethiopia(n)(s) 3, 4, 13, 16, 20, 22, 34, Ghabshan, Ihsan Abdullah al- 189 44, 48, 57, 60, 74, 76, 87, 89±90, Ghana(ian) 31, 42 101, 105, 107, 109±10, 112, 114, Gibriel, Mohammed Kafi 136 131, 133±5, 137, 146, 153, 155, Gogeal 77 157, 160±3, 165, 170±1, 174±5, Gondar (Ethiopia) 137 185±8, 190±2, 197, 200 Gordon College, Khartoum 13 Europe(n)(s) l, 2, 60, 76, 96, 112 Graduates General Congress 4 Exercise Bright Star 149 `grass curtain' 16, 74 Greater Equatoria 129 Fahd, King 163 Greek 21 Fahmy, Ismail 104 Green Book 145 Falashas 137, 151 GudaAgricultural Scheme 5 Farajok 164 Gudir, Mohammed Abdin, Gen 84 Farouk, King 3 Gulf War 169, 179 Fashoda 3 Gulu 44 Fatah, organisation 98±9 Gumuli 191 Fathalla, Hamid, Major 103 GUN 50 Fedayeen 95 `Federal Solution' 10 Habre, Hissene 121 Ferit, tribe 159 Hadendowa, tribe 13, 142 Forces of Unity 177±79 Haile Selassie, Emperor 3, 22, 34, 48, `forest army' 18 86±7, 90, 99, 109±10 France 1, 3, 37, 95, 103, 110±11, 133, Haliab Triangle 175, 182±3, 186 136, 151, 183±4, 190 Hamadalla. Osman, Brig 61±2, 64 French Foreign Legion 76 Hamid, Brig 60 `free-fire zones' 43, 46 Hamid, Ali, Lieut 14 Free Officers, movement 56 Hamid, Fatlalla, Gen 89 Funji, tribe 17 Hamroush, Ahmad 62 Fur, tribe 11, 159 Hamza, Murghani 10 Helm, Sir Knox 18 Gaddafi, Moamar, Col 59, 64, 90, Hezbollah, group 164 100, 103, 105±6, 110, 121, 130, High Command Council 79±80, 135, 145±6, 159, 171 84±5, 113, 144 Gamaat Islamiya, organisation 185 Higher Executive Council 118, 124, Gambela (Ethiopia) 101, 107, 135, 127±28 174 Hilat Shouk 169 Garang, John, Col 133±4, 137±8, 145, Hindi, Hussein Sharif 1, 105±6, 113, 148, 150±8, 160±1, 163±6, 171±2, 115, 118, 125 177±9, 183±6, 189±96, 200±1 Hitler Youth 76 Garang, Joseph 57±8, 62, 64, 66, 77±8 Horn of Africa112, 114 Garang, Mading de 74, 82±3, 86, 88 House of Representatives 5, 78 Gatworth, Peter 85 Humera109 214 Index

Hussein, Abdul Rahman, Gen 199 Juba4, 8, 19, 23, 30, 37±8, 40, 43, 46, Hussein, King 98 73, 77, 107, 113, 116±17, 170, Hussein, Mohammed Salih, Brig 148 172±4, 176±78, 181, 186, 192±3, 200

Ibrahim, Abu Kassem, Major 102±3, Kagnew (Eritrea) 109 116 Kajo Kaji 20, 167, 177 Ibrahim Khalid 62 Kampala (Uganda) 17, 22, 29±30, 62, Ibrahim, Mahdi 168 76, 79, 63, 65, 90, 195 Ibui, Felix 83 Kargulla 78 Idris, Abdullah Zakaria 145 Kapoeta 118, 176 Idris, King 3, 59 Karrar, Khalifa, Brig 77 Idris, Salih 199 Kassala 3, 90, 102, 193 IGADD 181±3, 185, 194, 107 Katari 40, 164 Ikotos 164 Katum 105 IMF 142, 173, 182 Kawaleb, tribe 175 Immatong, mountains 75, 60±1, 84 Kaya 72±3, 167, 191 Independent Movement 193 Keili 191 Iran(ian)(s) 161, 163, 173, 175, 177, Keir 74 179±80 Keissan 191 Iran-Iraq War (1980±8) 161 Kennedy, Robert 95 Iranian Revolutionary Guards 173±74 Kenya3, 16, 22, 29, 34, 44, 166, 172, Iraq(i)(s) 59, 62, 65, 98, 115, 118, 169, 176, 181, 193 190, 199 Kenyatta, President 34 Iro, Siricio 1 Kerbassi, Mohammed Ali, Lieut 63 Islam(ic) 11±12, 15, 23, 45, 59, 92, Keyala 164 113, 126, 140, 168, 178 KGB, Soviet organisation 61, 64 Islamic banks 141 Khalid, Abdul Hamid,Gen 126 `Islamic Card' 131 Khalid, King 103, 106 Islamic Charter Front 30, 32, 48, 58, Khalid, Mansur 105 90 Khalifa, Khatim 24±5, 27, 29±30, 32, Islamic Jihad, organisation 151 34, 36, 86, 139 Islamic University 102 Khalifa, Mohammed, Col 166, 171 Ismail, Omar 145 Khalil, Abdullah 4, 10±13, 15, 19 Ismail, Yacoub 150 Khashoggi, Adnan 147 Israel(i)(s) 2, 73±6, 95±7, 100, 108, Khatmia, sect 4, 10, 12, 23, 58, 144 119, 129, 137, 146, 151, 193 Khawad, Mohammed, Gen 25 Italy(ian)(s) 3, 96, 132 Khawr Adar, oil fields 197 Kheir, Ahmad 13 Jaden, Aggrey 17, 29, 31, 33, 45, 52±3, Khidir, Abbas 120, 159 88 Kinshasa (Leopoldville) 17±18, 22 Japan(ese) 96, 175 Kit 177 Jebel Aulia, air base 71 Kitgum 44 Jedda (Saudi Arabia) 60, 62, 106, 144, Kobar, prison 171 188 Kodak 61, 77 Jerusalem (Israel) 119 Koka, dam, declaration 154±5, 161 Jokan 162 Kong, Gordon 137, 156, 172 Jonglei, canal 114, 133±4, 153, 295, Kongor 133, 172, 175, 178±9 297 Kordofan, province 3, 116, 149, 153, Jordan(ian)(n)(s) 85±8, 144 159, 174, 194, 197 Index 215

Kosti 6, 59±60, 123, 147, 160, 167, 206 158±66, 168, 170, 179, 182, 190±1, Kremlin (Moscow) 65 207 Kuanyin, Carabino, Col 131, 158 Mahgoub, Abdul, Khalik 48, 59±60, Kurmuk 60, 135, 163, 191 62±4 Kush, kingdom 1 Mahgoub, Mohammed Ahmad 32±5, Kuwa, Yusef 150 37±42, 44±5, 48±50, 55±6, 60, 65, Kuwait(i)(s) 164, 169 70 Kwani, George 33 Mahjub, Adil 193 Mahmoud, Abdullah 162 Lafon 148 Mahmoud, Osman Abdullah, Lagu, Joseph, Col 44, 51. 75, 78±83, Brig 148 85, 87, 89, 94, 113, 118, 124, 127, Majok, Philemon 51,55 129, 136 Makboul, Abdul Rahman, Gen 24 Lakes, province 154 Malakal 40, 115, 134, 154, 156±7, Lam, Stephen 73, 80 160, 174, 177 Land Freedom Army 19, 42, 52 Malik, Ali 117 Langayu 81 Malik, Awad 126 Laturo, tribe 53 Malhouk, Sheikh Abdullah 95 Lebanon(ese) 64, 164 Mali, state 105, 175 Liberal Party 31, 33, 49 Malta, state 62 Libya(n)(s) 3, 13, 59, 62, 64, 91, 98±9, Mandari, tribe 138 103±7, 110, 113±14, 119, 121±2, Mandela, Nelson 194 127±8, 130±1, 133±6, 145±6, 149, Mansur, Khaled 112 151, 153±4, 157±8, 161, 166, 171 Mao Tse-tung 22, 43 173, 175, 180 Marial Aguog 72 `listening station (USM-4) 109 Maridi 8, 43±4, 78 Lod (Israel) 96 Marxist-Leninist 133 Logale, Hilary 33, 49, 55, 58, 67, 88 Maryal Bai 196 Lohure, Saturnino 17, 33, 45 Mathews, Daniel Kout 131 London (UK) 82±3, 96, 105±6, 113, Mayen, Gordon 52±4, 68, 80, 87 165, 184 Mboro, Clement 24, 27±9, 33, 52, 55, Lonrho, group 165 58, 66, 88, 117, 127 Loyela, Reynaldo, Lieut 78 M'Bow, Amadou Mahtar 103 Loyuko, tribe 19 Medani, Abbas, Gen 151 Lul 160 Mendari, Izbone 11, 24, 27, 29, 53±4, Lupe, Ella11, 30, 31, 82, 88 86, 88, 107 Mengistu, Haile Mariam 110±12, 146, Machar, Rick 172, 177±9, 181, 184, 170 188, 194, 197, 200 Merowe 125 Madi, tribe 19, 78, 127 Messitiya, tribe 160, Madot, Tobi 66±7, 88 Metemma(Ethiopia) 112 Magawe 63, 186 Meurki, tribe 160 Magi, Martin 127 Meurwal, Dominic 17 Magot, Frederick , Col 80, 85±6 Middle East 59, 62, 96, 101, 151, 205 Mahdi, Abdul Rahman 12 Midi 39 Mahdi, El Hadi, al- 59±60 Ministry of Public Welfare 117 Mahdi, Sadik 15, 32, 41, 45±9, 55±7, Mirghani, Ahmad 160 60, 92, 100±2, 104±6, 109, 112±14, Mirghani, Osman 152, 164, 200 116, 126, 132, 140, 152±3, 155±6, Missionary(ies) 16 216 Index

Mitika75 National Democratic Federation 171 Mogan, Ahmad 68 National Front (Sudan) 102, 106, 109, Mohammed, Dominic 83 112±13 Mohammed, Osman Abdullah, National Front for the Salvation of Brig 146, 148, 150, 154 Libya146 Mohammed, Prophet 32 National Islamic Front (NIF) 152±3, Mombasa (Kenya) 44, 124 166, 168, 170±1, 178, 185 189, Mongala 139, 160 191, 200, 204, 207 Moore, George 95, 97 National Islamic Movement 162 Moru, tribe, region 19, 52±3 National Liberation Front 80 Moscow (Russia) 25, 63±4, 70, 106, 120 National Movement for Correcting the Mubarak, Hosni 129, 146, 185±6, 190 Solution 165 Mulla, Elisapana 81±2 National Oil Company 147 Mundari, tribe 159, 163 National People's Assembly 126, 128, Munich (West Germany) 96 136, 141, 143, 159 Muoriat, Gordon 29, 33 National Reconciliation Murle, tribe 118 Agreement 113, 115, 125 Murghani, Ali 12 National Security Service 143 Musa, Omar Haj 98 National Transition Assembly Museveni, Yoweri 158, 178, 184, 191, (NTA) 173 193 National Unionist Party (NUP) 10±11, Muslim(s) 4, 6, 9, 37±9, 46, 92±3, 95, 23, 39, 32, 35, 45, 48, 50, 105 112, 119, 131, 136 National Unity Day 99 Muslim Brotherhood 58, 100, 102, National Unity government 163±4 104±5, 113, 116, 126, 132±3, Nazra 7 140±3, 153, 164, 200 New Sudan Brigade 184, 204 New York (USA) 106, 179, 188 Nbangala 176 Nigeria(n)(s) 31, 127, 172, 174 Nairobi (Kenya) 34, 39, 53, 114, 135, Nile, rivers, 2±4, 37, 54, 63, 73, 131, 166, 172, 177±9, 181±3, 194±5, 134, 138, 154, 160, 196 197±8, 201 Nile Provisional Government 54, 68, NAS (Alliance of Professional 73, 89 Organisations and Trade Unions) Nile, state 54 143, 154 Nile Valley Parliament 129 Nasir 72, 74, 77, 134, 137, 150, 153, Nile Waters Agreement 4±5 163, 176, 196 Nimule 19, 78, 152, 181 Nasir groups 172, 174. 177±8 Nkrumah, President 42 Nasser, Adly al- 95 Noel, Cleo 95, 97, 114 Nasser, Gamal Abdul 1, 3, 56, 60 Norbay, Samuel 88 National army 113 Northern Province 3 National Assembly 4, 11±12, 30, 35, North Africa109, 205 42, 47, 49, 56±7, 92±3, 120, 123, North Korea180 129, 178, 193, 188±200 NubaMountain Front 159 National Council of Churches 172 Nuba, tribe, mountains 17, 50, 64, National Democratic Alliance Charter 150, 174±5 (1989) 168 Nuer, tribe 5, 40, 44, 159, 172 National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Numeiry Gaafar Mohammed al- 4, 7, militia174, 176, 184±5, 187, 48, 50 56±66, 68, 72, 74, 76±7, 84, 189±90, 190±5 86±94, 97±106, 109±121, 123, Index 217

125±33, 135±6, 138±41, 143±5, Peace and Development 148±9, 151±3, 155, 160±1, 171, Foundation 173 176, 186, 188, 201±2, 207 `peace villages' 44, 69, 73 Nur, Babiker al-,Col 61±2, 64 Peking (China) 64 Nyerol 72 People's Armed Forces 163 People's Council (Committee) 91±2, OAU 17, 29, 31, 68, 86, 109, 112, 114, 93, 103, 128±9, 131 116, 176, 185, 191, 207 People's Front for Democracy and Oba78 Justice (Eritrean) 185 Obote, Milton 42, 62, 74±7, 85±6, 90, People's Market (Khartoum) 125 156 Pibor 72, 160, 163, 176 Ocheng, Pancrasio 33 Popular Defence Militia 175 Oduhu, Joseph 17, 22, 29, 33, 35, Port Fuad 50 45, 79, 88, 107, 117, 127, 133, 135, Port Sudan 3, 23, 93, 112, 115, 120, 178 124, 133±4, 142, 148, 192, 203 Ogaden, province (Ethiopia) 110 Oil, industry 123, 205 Qarat Bishi (Chad) 121 Ojwe, Dishan 83 Okamoto. Kozo 96 Radio Omdurman 24±5, 40, 55±6, 60, Omar, Hassan Hussein, Col 103±23 63, 168, 186, 193 Omdurman 2, 4, 23, 48, 59, 63, 102, Radio SPLA 138, 157, 162±3 105, 117, 134±5, 142, 144, 146, Radio Tripoli 121, 125, 127 149±50, 166, 174, 180 Rafsanjani, President 173 OPEC 180 Rahman, Abdul, Brig 5, 61 Operation Life Line Sudan 179, 197 Ramadan War 99 Operation Moses 137, 152 Rassas, Abdullah, Gen 123, 127±8 Operation Rainbow 157 RCC 57±8, 61, 66, 69, 169, 170, 174, Operation Tariq 98 178, 180 Osman, Ali 168 Reagan, President 135 Osman, Hassan Hussein, Col 102±3 Red Brigades 96 Osman, Hussein, Lieut 47±8 Red Cross 39, 87, 96, 156±7, 190, Oueddei Goukouni 121 200±1 Owiny Ki-bul 74±6, 79±80, 82±4, 86, Red Sea3, 13, 02, 101, 120, 142, 158, 148 169, 191±3 Regional Assembly 93, 107, 115, 118, Pachola 20, 137, 174±5 123, 127±8, 143 `pacification with persuasion' 46 Renk 158 Palestine(ian)(s) 95±6, 98±9 Repatriation of Refugees Palestine Liberation Organisation Committee 88 (PLO) 57, 95, 98, 164, 175 Republican Brothers 140 Palwar 83 Republican Party 140 Pangan 151 Rezigat, tribe 160 Paris 82±3, 88, 105, 111 Rhodes, Cecil 2 Parajok 186 Riad, Abdul Moneim, Col 61 PASH (People's Armed Forces for the Rib Kona, base 151 Salvation of the Homeland) Riyadh Agreement (1976) 110 121±2 Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) 190 Paysama, Stanislaus 5, 31 Romania 155 Peace Charter 188±9 Rosieres 4 218 Index

Rowland, Tiny 136 Southern States Co-ordination Rufaa 125 Council 194, 197 Rumbek 9, 55, 78, 85, 154, 169, 193 Southern Sudanese Political Rume, Marko 17, 33 Association 144 Rumek 40±1 Southern Unity Party 31, 51, 55 Russia154, 190 Soviet Union, Soviets 1, 6, 10, 37, 58, 60±2, 65±6, 70±5, 83±4, 89, 95, Saad, Mohammed Nur, Brig 104±5 106, 110±12, 114±15, 119±20, 128, Sabaha, tribe 167 135, 145, 154 Sabry, Ali 65 SPLA 133±4, 137±8, 145±6, 148±50, Sadat, Anwar, President 60, 65, 91, 152±78, 181±7, 191±3, 195±202, 103±5, 119±20 204±7 Saleh, Zubeir Mohammed 196 SPLA-United 179, 181, 183±4, 188±9, SALF 33, 171 194 Salvation Programme 184 SPLM 82±3, 86±8, 133, 152, 156, 162, Samazin 191 194, 197, 200 SANU 17±19, 21±2, 27±33, 46, 49, 51, SPLM-SPLA 156 55, 82 SSIM 184±5, 189, 193±4 Saudi Arabia(n)(s) 95, 97±9, 101, 103, SSPG 52±4 111, 115±16, 125±6, 132, 145, 147, SSU 61, 92±3, 100, 102, 105±6, 111, 163, 177, 169±90, 198 113±14, 116±18, 120, 125±6, 128, SDF 5±7, 9, 13, 18, 56 130, 140±3 Second Civil War 131 State Security Service 143, 151 September Laws 161±3, 170, 203 Steiner, Rolf 76±7, 80 Sharia law 125±6, 131±3, 135, 145, Students Union (Federation) 61±2 149, 152, 154±5, 161, 164±6, 170, Suakin 3 179, 162, 189, 183, 203±4 Sudan Airways 188, 193 Sheikh, Shafei Ahmad el 64 Sudan Alliance Forces 204 Shenan, Abdul Rahman, Brig 12, 14, Sudan-Azania government 54±5, 86, 25, 92, 100 88 Shendi 78, 165 Sudan-Egypt Defence Agreement Shifta, plant 199 (1976) 134 Shilluk, tribe 167, 194 Sudan Human Rights Sirhan, Bishara Sirhan 95 Organisation 175 Smith, Stephen 183 Sudan Military College 6, 13, 56, 78, 84 Sobat 40, 134, 138 Sudan National Party 159, 161, 200 Socialist Party 48 Sudan Railway Trade Unions 159 Sofa, camp 122 Sudan Railway Workers Union 120 Soldiers and Officers Front 46 Sudan Socialist Party 57, 67, 86, 92 Somalia 110, 190 Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Soro, Habakuk, Col 85 Association 169 South Africa194 Sudanese Air Force 72±3 South Sudan Defence Force 198 Sudanese Army 9, 12±13, 21 South Sudan United Movement 198 Sudanese Association of Southern Southern Federal army 11 Exiles 74 Southern Front, party 5, 29±33, 49, Sudanese Defence Agreement 157 52, 55, 129 Sudanese Democratic Front 118, 136 Southern National Assembly 10 Sudanese Movement for Revolutionary Southern Peace Party 31 Committees 145, 149 Index 219

Sudanese Revolutionary Forces 150 Ubur, Mathew 131, 157 Sudanese Socialist People's Front 127 Uganda(n)(s) 3, 8, 16, 20±2, 31, 33, Sudd 54, 115±16 35, 39, 42, 44, 68±9, 74±6, 81, Sue River Revolutionary 84±7, 89, 91, 93, 118, 122, 144, government 54, 88 158, 164, 177±9, 181, 184, 186, Suer Republic 54 190±1, 193, 197 Suez Canal 50, 63, 71, 91, 96, 199 Ulang 72 Suleiman, Ibrahim, Gen 199 Ulu 197 SUNA (Sudan News Agency) 118 Umma, Party 4, 10±12, 15, 23±4, 28, Supreme Council (Sudan) 29, 55, 93, 30, 32, 35, 41, 45±6, 48±50, 55±8, 152, 160 60, 90, 104, 152±3, 159±60, 171, Supreme Council of the Armed 182, 184±5, 190 Forces 12±14, 23±5 UN 1, 10, 17, 21±2, 39, 106, 135, 147, Supreme Council of Peace 183, 196 155, 157±8, 164, 170, 174, 176±7, Supreme Military Council 179, 181±2, 188, 200±1 (Ethiopia) 110 UN Economic Commission for Surer, Aliaba Loboka 54, 68, 83 Africa46 Swiss 201 UN General Assembly 178 Syria(n)(s) 21, 34, 64, 98, 110, 119, UN Human Rights 187 126, 140, 175, 180 UN Security Council 104, 107, 122, 134, 175, 187, 190, 192, 194 Taafika 42 UNESCO 103 Tafeng, Emilio 19, 52±3, 68, 76, 78±80 UNHCR 86±7, 89, 91 Taha, Ali Osman 141, 188 Unionist Democratic Party (UDP) 50, Taha, Mahmoud 140 55±6 Tambura 40, 176 United Democratic Salvation Tanzania(n) 31, 34, 75, 90, 186±7, Front 200 198 United National Front 23±5 Taposa, tribe 118 United Sudanese African Liberation Tawili, Michael 54, 88 Front 50, 113 Taya, area 187 United Sudanese African Parties 193 Tayib, Mohammed 136, 151±2 Upper Nile, province 8, 21, 31, 36, 40 Tehran (Iran) 161 42, 57±8, 61, 65, 67, 72±3, 80, 82, Terakeka 138, 148 85, 131, 134, 138. 150±1, 153±4, Tesseni 112 158, 170, 194, 202 Tigre (Ethiopian province) 137, 146 US (USA) 1, 2, 10, 13, 34, 58, 66, Tombura, Joseph 128±9, 131 95±100, 103, 107, 112, 114, Tonj 78 119±20, 130, 134±6, 142, 144±5, Torit, group 172, 176±79, 181, 186, 148±9, 151, 155, 158, 163, 165, 189±91, 193±4, 200 168±9, 171, 174, 170, 180, 182±4, Torit, mutiny 7±8, 15, 22, 72, 162±3, 187±8, 190, 194±5, 198±9 16 US Congress 114 Trade Union Federation 12, 23, 52, 64 US Defense Department 114 Transitional Military Council US State Department 114 (TMC) 144, 148±51, 153 USSR 1, 61, 66, 71, 199, 112 Tripoli (Libya) 98, 104, 114, 121 Utur, Fahan 68 Turabi, Hassan 113, 116, 126, 132, 141, 152, 168, 170, 178, 183, 185, Vak, Jervase 55 188, 200 Vietnam 205 220 Index

Voga, Angelo 88 Women's Organisation 61±2 World Bank 141±2 Wad Kowli, camp 146 World Council of Churches 86±7 Wadah, state 198 World Federation of Trade Unions Wadi Medani 125 64 Wadi Saidna , air base 70 World Food Programme 197±8 Wahab, Ahmad Abdul, Brig 9, 13 World Trade Center 179, 188 Wahdah, province 136 Warwajok 40, 42 Yagi, Khalid 143, 155, 159 Washington (USA) 83, 119, 165, 171 Yambio 8, 54 Wau 8, 20±1, 38±42, 46, 54±5, 77, 78, Yandaru 39 100, 107, 125, 154, 156±8, 160±1, Yasin, Ahmad 1 176, 179, 181, 196±7 Yasin, Kawaz 98 West Germany 73, 76, 95±7, 155 Yei 8, 15, 39, 44, 52, 54, 85, 169, 179, Western Arab Corps 6 191±2 Western Equatoria 84±5 Yirol 154, 176, 194 White Nile 2, 40, 115, 147, 160, 167, Yugoslavia 63, 65 186, 192, 205 Yusef, Ahmad 188 WHO (World Health Youth Organisation 61±2 Organisation) 142 Wieu, Andrew 33 Zaire (see also Congo) 87, 89, 179 Wind of Change Alliance 128 Zande, region 52, 54 Wol, Alfred 24, 30, 49, 55 Zande, tribe 129 Wol, Michael 127 Zanzibar 105 Wol Wol, Lawrence 74, 82±3, 88, 117, Zeid, Maamoun Abu 67, 86, 92 131