Tatiana Barichello Editor Blood-Brain Barrier N EUROMETHODS

Neuromethods 142 Tatiana Barichello Editor Blood-Brain Barrier N EUROMETHODS Series Editor Wolfgang Walz University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7657 Blood-Brain Barrier Edited by Tatiana Barichello Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil Editor Tatiana Barichello Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) Houston, TX, USA Graduate Program in Health Sciences University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC) Criciu´ma, SC, Brazil ISSN 0893-2336 ISSN 1940-6045 (electronic) Neuromethods ISBN 978-1-4939-8945-4 ISBN 978-1-4939-8946-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8946-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961703 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Image courtesy of Tatiana Barichello and Allan Collodel. This Humana Press imprint is published by the registered company Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A. Preface to the Series Experimental life sciences have two basic foundations: concepts and tools. The Neuro- methods series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under investigation. In this way, the series is unique in that it not only collects protocols but also includes theoretical background information and critiques which led to the methods and their development. Thus it gives the reader a better understanding of the origin of the techniques and their potential future development. The Neuromethods publishing program strikes a balance between recent and exciting developments like those concerning new animal models of disease, imaging, in vivo methods, and more established techniques, including, for example, immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological technologies. New trainees in neurosciences still need a sound footing in these older methods in order to apply a critical approach to their results. Under the guidance of its founders, Alan Boulton and Glen Baker, the Neuromethods series has been a success since its first volume published through Humana Press in 1985. The series continues to flourish through many changes over the years. It is now published under the umbrella of Springer Protocols. While methods involving brain research have changed a lot since the series started, the publishing environment and technology have changed even more radically. Neuromethods has the distinct layout and style of the Springer Protocols program, designed specifically for readability and ease of reference in a laboratory setting. The careful application of methods is potentially the most important step in the process of scientific inquiry. In the past, new methodologies led the way in developing new disciplines in the biological and medical sciences. For example, physiology emerged out of anatomy in the nineteenth century by harnessing new methods based on the newly discov- ered phenomenon of electricity. Nowadays, the relationships between disciplines and methods are more complex. Methods are now widely shared between disciplines and research areas. New developments in electronic publishing make it possible for scientists that encounter new methods to quickly find sources of information electronically. The design of individual volumes and chapters in this series takes this new access technology into account. Springer Protocols makes it possible to download single protocols separately. In addition, Springer makes its print-on-demand technology available globally. A print copy can therefore be acquired quickly and for a competitive price anywhere in the world. Saskatoon, SK, Canada Wolfgang Walz v Preface The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Methods and Protocols book is focused on experimental research with relevant models to study physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the BBB. The chapters were written by world-renowned scientists who depict their knowl- edge about BBB and its functional measurement. The BBB book offers straightforward guidance for both young and experienced investigators to perform studies using classical and innovative models permitting translational approaches for BBB investigations. The BBB methods and protocols book is organized into six subjects contemplating (1) an overview about the physiology of the BBB; (2) in vitro cell models to investigate the BBB; (3) in vivo and ex vivo techniques to evaluate BBB including Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish (Danio rerio), and rodent models; (4) techniques to evaluate permeability, influx and efflux trans- portation, and drug delivery through the BBB; (5) invasive and noninvasive imaging techniques to evaluate the BBB such as intravital microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET); and (6) molecular biomarkers to evaluate the integrity or dysfunction of the BBB. The BBB methods and protocols book brings together many of the specialized methods for evaluating BBB in 20 important chapters with transparency and technical excellence providing practical solutions in the laboratory. We hope that you enjoy this detailed scientific journey about the BBB and this book becomes a great collaborator to unravel the mysteries of the BBB and apply your findings from basic science to enhancing human health and well-being. Houston, TX, USA Tatiana Barichello Criciu´ ma, SC, Brazil vii Contents Preface to the Series ........................................................... v Preface . ................................................................... vii Contributors................................................................. xi 1 An Overview of the Blood-Brain Barrier ................................... 1 Tatiana Barichello, Allan Collodel, Rodrigo Hasbun, and Rodrigo Morales 2 Methods of Delivering Molecules Through the Blood-Brain Barrier for Brain Diagnostics and Therapeutics ............................. 9 Brian M. Kopec, Kavisha R. Ulapane, Mario E. G. Moral, and Teruna J. Siahaan 3 Culturing of Rodent Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells for In Vitro Modeling of the Blood-Brain Barrier ........................... 45 Malgorzata Burek and Carola Y. Fo¨rster 4 In Vitro BBB Models: Working with Static Platforms and Microfluidic Systems................................................. 55 Mohammad A. Kaisar, Vinay V. Abhyankar, and Luca Cucullo 5 In Vitro Cell Models of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier: Demonstrating the Beneficial Influence of Shear Stress on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Phenotype . ....................... 71 Keith D. Rochfort and Philip M. Cummins 6 Transepithelial/Transendothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) to Measure the Integrity of Blood-Brain Barrier ............................ 99 Balaji Srinivasan and Aditya Reddy Kolli 7 Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Theranostics Against Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease ................... 115 Swapna Bera and Anirban Bhunia 8 Microbial Translocation of the Blood-Brain Barrier . ....................... 137 Charles T. Spencer and Mireya G. Ramos Muniz 9 Transport Across the Choroid Plexus: How to Culture Choroid Plexus Cells and Establish a Functional Assay System . ....................... 163 Sen Takeda and Keishi Narita 10 Drosophila as a Model to Study the Blood-Brain Barrier ..................... 175 Cameron R. Love and Brigitte Dauwalder 11 Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a Viable Model to Study the Blood-Brain Barrier................................................................. 187 Tianzhi Yang and Shuhua Bai 12 Evans Blue-Albumin as a Marker to Evaluate Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Neonatal and Adult Rodents .................................. 197 Fabricia Petronilho, Julia L. Goldman, and Tatiana Barichello ix x Contents 13 Experimental Tools to Study the Regulation

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