Das Leben Von Prof. Dr. Fritz Jakob Heinrich Lewy (1885 – 1950)

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Das Leben Von Prof. Dr. Fritz Jakob Heinrich Lewy (1885 – 1950) Aus dem medizinischen Zentrum für Nervenheilkunde Geschäftsführender Direktor: Prof. Dr. W. H. Oertel Aus der Klinik für Neurologie Direktor: Prof. Dr. W. H. Oertel des Fachbereichs Medizin der Philipps-Universität Marburg in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Marburg Das Leben von Prof. Dr. Fritz Jakob Heinrich Lewy (1885 – 1950) INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der gesamten Humanmedizin dem Fachbereich Medizin der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Antonio Manuel Rodrigues e Silva aus Dortmund Marburg/Lahn, 2013 II Angenommen vom Fachbereich Humanmedizin der Philipps-Universität Marburg am 04.12.2014: Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereiches Dekan: Prof. Dr. med. H. Schäfer Referent: Prof. Dr. med. R. Dodel Korreferent: Prof. Dr. med. I. Sahmland III Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Stand der Forschung ............................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Publikationsliste ............................................................................ 2 1.1.2 Leben ............................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeit ............................... 11 1.1.4 Zusammenfassung ..................................................................... 14 1.2 Ziel der Arbeit ..................................................................................... 15 2 Material und Methoden.............................................................................. 16 2.1 Leben ................................................................................................. 16 2.1.1 Primärliteratur ............................................................................. 16 2.1.2 Sekundärliteratur ......................................................................... 16 2.1.3 Sonstige Quellen ......................................................................... 17 2.2 Publikationsliste ................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Historische Dokumente ............................................................... 17 2.2.2 Weitere Recherchemittel ............................................................. 17 3 Leben ........................................................................................................ 19 3.1 Private Vita ........................................................................................ 19 3.2 Diskussion der Privaten Vita ............................................................. 29 3.3 Die Ausbildungszeit [Schul- und Studienzeit] (1894-1908) ............... 33 3.4 Diskussion der Schul- und Studienzeit .............................................. 36 3.5 Zeit bis zum 1. Weltkrieg (1908-1914) .............................................. 39 3.6 Diskussion der Zeit bis zum 1. Weltkrieg .......................................... 45 3.7 Militärdienst im 1. Weltkrieg (1914-1919) .......................................... 50 3.8 Diskussion des Militärdienstes im 1. Weltkrieg ................................. 57 3.9 Laufbahn an der Charité (1919-1932) ............................................... 59 3.10 Diskussion der Laufbahn an der Charité ....................................... 67 3.11 Die Gründung des neurologischen Instituts in Berlin .................... 69 3.12 Diskussion der Institutsgründung .................................................. 93 3.13 England (1933-1934) .................................................................. 101 3.14 Diskussion der Zeit in England ................................................... 108 3.15 Aufenthalt in den USA (1934-1950) ............................................ 111 3.16 Diskussion der Zeit in den USA .................................................. 123 4 Historische Einordnung von F.H. Lewy ................................................... 127 IV 5 Veröffentlichungen .................................................................................. 138 5.1 Publikationsliste ............................................................................... 138 5.2 Diskussion der Publikationsliste ...................................................... 143 6 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................. 145 7 Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................. 149 8 Anhang .................................................................................................... 165 8.1 Abbildungsverzeichnis .................................................................... 165 8.2 Auflistung von F.H. Lewys Lehrern in Berlin ................................... 166 8.3 Publikationsliste von F.H. Lewy ...................................................... 167 8.4 Liste der kontaktierten Institute und Personen ................................ 181 9 Lebenslauf ............................................................................................... 189 10 Verzeichnis der akademischen Lehrer .................................................... 191 11 Danksagung ............................................................................................ 192 12 Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung ........................................................................ 193 13 Englische Zusammenfassung (Abstract) ................................................. 194 Einleitung 1 1 Einleitung Das Forschungsprojekt „Das Leben von Prof. Dr. med. Fritz Jakob Heinrich Lewy (1885 - 1950)“ untersucht das Leben von F.H. Lewy, dem Entdecker der Lewy-Körper. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird die Namensvariante F.H. Lewy benutzt, um ihm eine Re- verenz zu erweisen. Diese Form verwendete er sowohl privat als Unterschrift als auch beruflich bei seinen Veröffentlichungen am häufigsten. Seine berühmteste Entdeckung aus dem Jahre 1910 beschrieb F.H. Lewy erstmalig 1912 in München. Es handelt sich bei den Lewy-Körpern um Proteinaggregationen, die intrazellulär in degenerierten Neuronen der Substantia nigra abgelagert werden und überwiegend aus α-Synuclein sowie Ubiquitin bestehen 1. Nachweisbar sind sie bei der Parkinson’schen Krankheit oder der Demenz vom Lewy-Körpertyp. Sie können aber auch bei der Alzheimer-Demenz oder amytrophen Lateralsklerose gefunden werden 2. Eine aktuelle Bedeutung besitzt die Lewy-Körper-Demenz, welche die dritte häufigste Demenzform nach der Alzheimer-Demenz und der vaskulären De- menz darstellt, aufgrund des demographischen Wandels innerhalb der Industriestaa- ten mit einer Zunahme der Demenzerkrankungen 3. Trotz dieser wegweisenden Entdeckung ist nur wenig über das Leben von F.H. Lewy bekannt. Es soll neben dem Berufsleben auch das Privatleben untersucht werden, weil die vorliegende Arbeit die These vertritt, dass es einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf sein akademisches Werk hatte. Bisher existieren weder eine umfangreiche Biographie noch eine detaillierte Bibliographie, die mehr Informationen über die Person F.H. Lewy und sein Wirken für die Wissenschaft geben. 1 Waxman EA, Giasson BI: Molecular mechanisms of alpha-synuclein neurodegeneration, Bio- chimica et Biophysica Acta 2009;7:616-24. 2 Ransmayr G, Wenning G, Seppi K, Jellinger K, Poewe W: Demenz mit Lewy-Körperchen, Der Nervenarzt 2000;71:929-935. 3 Zaccai J, McCracken C, Brayne C: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence studies of dementia with Lewy bodies, Age Ageing 2005;34:561-566; Dorsey ER, Constantinescu R, Thompson JP, Biglan KM, Holloway RG, Kieburtz K, Marshall FJ, Ravina BM, Schifitto G, Siderowf A, Tanner CM: Projected number of people with Parkinson disease in the most popu- lous nations 2005 through 2030, Neurology 2007;68(5):384-386. Einleitung 2 1.1 Stand der Forschung 1.1.1 Publikationsliste Die systematischen Recherchen bezüglich einer Bibliographie von F.H. Lewy ergaben, dass weder in der englischsprachigen noch in der deutschsprachigen Literatur eine Publikationsliste existiert. Lediglich eine von F.H. Lewy selbst verfasste Publikationslis- te, die bis zum Jahre 1933 reicht, konnte gefunden werden. Die größte Sammlung von Publikationen, nämlich etwa 50 Stück, konnte in der Spatz-Hallervorden-Sammlung im Edinger-Archiv des Max-Planck-Institutes für Hirnforschung in Frankfurt am Main loka- lisiert werden. 1.1.2 Leben Die Forschung über die Vita von F.H. Lewy beschränkt sich auf einzelne Veröffentli- chungen, da nicht ansatzweise eine Biographie vorliegt. Insgesamt konnten 14 Veröf- fentlichungen über verschiedene Aspekte des Lebens identifiziert werden. Die bisheri- ge Forschung lässt sich in vier große Themenbereiche einteilen. Der Punkt „Namen- sänderung“ umfasst zwei englischsprachige Veröffentlichungen 4. Acht Publikationen behandeln den Themenkomplex „Lewy-Körper“ und stellen teilweise eine Kurzbiogra- phie vor5. Gegenstand einer deutschsprachigen Veröffentlichung ist die „Gründung des neurologischen Instituts“6. Insgesamt sechs englisch- und deutschsprachige Nachrufe auf F.H. Lewy geben einen weiteren Überblick über das Leben 7. 4 Sweeney PJ, Lloyd MF, Daroff RB: What’s in a name? Dr. Lewey and the Lewy body, Neurology 1997;49:629-630; Cohn D: Dr. F.H. Lewy (Letters to the Editor), Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 1997;14:457-458. 5 Hierbei handelt es sich um die folgenden Publikationen: Sweeney PJ et al.: a.a.O., S. 629- 630; Cohn D: a.a.O., S. 457-458; Pearce JMS: Historical Note The Lewy body, Journal
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