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Mobile Information Systems Impact Study I 4 I % ( ..>“::~... -:-VI _r TDS-88-07 I TP 9360E I Mobile Information Systems I Impact Study I 1 I 8 I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 Ministry Research and Transport Canada 1 of Development Transportation Branch Transportation Development Centre Ontario I k’ i 1 Technical Report Documentation Page 1 Mobile Information Systems Impact Study I Author(s): Jouko A. Parviainen, Parviainen & Associates; R.L. French, French & Associates; H. T. Zwahlen, Ohio I University Number: TDS-88-07 (MTO) TP 9360E (TC) I Date of August 1988 Publication: I Published Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Research and Development Branch by: Transport Canada, Transportation Development Centre I Ministry E.R. Case Contact: (416) 235- 4676 I Abstract: The report presents a review of the state-of-the-art of in-vehicle navigation and mobile communications techniques and equipment. A features matrix is used to classify the equipment in terms of infrastructure relationship, navigation technology, system function, etc. Human factors implications are also ad- I The primary functions likely to be provided in future systems (eg., road map display, en-route condi- tions, vehicle/cargo position tracking) and their specific features are grouped under five application areas: 1 travel advisory, fleet management, traffic management, mobile office, occupant activities and vehicle control. 1 Likely user communities and Canadian hardware/software suppliers are described for a further perspective on future markets.Summaries of foreign programs are presented. Primary issues for the development of standards and regulations are discussed and preliminary (stop-gap) man-machine interface standards are rec- ommended to ensure safe use of the various devices. I The report identifies research, development and demonstration needs, and recommends seven priority pro- jects to accelerate the design and manufacture of Canadian systems and to identify opportunities for the 1 increased use of these technologies. 1 5 Comments: This report is part of MTO Research and Development Project 25180. Key Words: positioning, navigation, tracking, route guidance, in-vehicle navigation, mobile communications, fleet 5 management, digitized maps, dead-reckoning, satellite-based navigation Distribution: Unlimited 5 Copyright Crown copyright (c) 1988 I Status: 5 Transport PUBLICATION DATA FORM I Canada 1. Transport Canada Publication No. 2. Project No. 3. Recipient’s Catalogue No. 1 TP 9360E 6824 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Publication Date 5 Mobile Information Systems Impact Study August 1988 6. Performing Organization Document No. 1 7. Author(s) JouKo A Parvlalnen (Parviainen & Assoclates) 8. Transport Canada File No. Robert L. French ( French & Associates) Helmut T. Zwahlen (Ohio University) D1465-494 I 9. Performing Organization Name and Address(es) 10. DSS File No. Jouko A. Parviainen & Associates 1125 Linbrook Road 11SD.T8200-6-6551 Oakville, Ontario 11. DSS or Transport Canada Contract No. 5 Canada L6J 2L3 11SD.T8200-6-6551/01-SD 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Publication and Period Covered Ministry of Transportation/Ontario Transportation Develop- 1201 Wilson Avenue ment Centre Final Downsview, Ontario 200 Rene-Levesque B1vd.W. 14. Project Officer M3M 1J8 Suite 601, West Tower I Montreal, Quebec H2Z 1X4 Lewis R. Sabounghi I 15. Supplementary Notes (FundIng programs, titles of related publications, etc.] 16. Abstract The report presents a review of the state-of-the-art of in-vehicle navigation and mobile 1 communications techniques and equipment. A features matrix is used to classify the equipment in terms of infrastructure relationship, navigation technology, system functic I etc. Human factors implications are also addressed. The primary functions likely to be provided in future systems (eg. road map display, en- route conditions,vehicle/cargo position tracking) and their specific features are I grouped under five application areas: travel advisory, fleet management, traffic manage- ment, mobile office, occupant activities and vehicle control. Likely user communities and Canadian hardware/software suppliers are described for a I further perspective on future markets. Summaries of foreign programs are presented. Primary issues for the development of standards and regulations are discussed and preliminary (stop-gap) man-machine interface standards are recommended to ensure safe use of the various devices. The report identifies research,development and demonstration needs, and recommends seven priority projects to accelerate the design and manufacture of Canadian systems I and to identify opportunities for the increased use of these technologies. I 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement positioning, navigation, tracking, route Limited number of copies available from the guidance,in-vehicle navigation, mobile Transportation Development Centre 1 communications, fleet management, digitized Copies available from: Ministry of maps, dead reckoning, satellite based navigation Transportation 19. Security Classification (of this publication) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. Declassification 22. No. of 23. Price (date) Pages 1 Unclassified Unclassified 298 1 TDC/CDT Canada TDS-88-07 TP 9360E I Mobile Information Systems Impact Study I Jouko A. Parviainen & Associates Published by I The Research and Development Branch Ontario Ministry of Transportation Hon. Ed Fulton, Minister I D.G. Hobbs, Deputy Minister Published without prejudice as to the application of the findings. The contents of this report reflect the views of the contractor and not necessarily the official views or opinions of the sponsoring agencies. Crown copyright reserved; however, this document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes with appropriate I attribution. For additional copies, contact: The Editor, Technical Publications I Room 320, Central Building 1201 Wilson Avenue Downsview, Ontario B Canada M3M 1 J8 Telephone: (416) 2353480 I CNCP Dialcom Electronic Mail: 23:MIN006 *.. August 1988 1 B ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the guidance and assistan- B ce provided by the Steering Committee: 1 Ministry of Transportation / Ontario E. R. Case (Rye) Traffic and Decision Systems Office (Chairman) Research and Development Branch I S.C.J. Radbone (Steve) Truck Transportation Office Transportation Regulation Development Branch I J. Tsai (Joe) Transit Control Technology and Systems Office Transportation Technology and Energy Branch I F.D. Harris (Fred) Traffic Management and Engineering Office Highway Operations and Maintenance Division I J.D. Duncan (Dave) Municipal Transportation Policy Office Municipal Transportation Division I B. Meighan (Brian) Transit Office Municipal Transportation Division I G. Gera (George) Goods Distribution Systems Office I Provincial Transportation Division 1 Ministry of Culture and Communications L.F. Gomez (Lamberto) Operations and Technology Office I Communications Division I Transport Canada R.N. Sabounghi (Lewis) Technology Applications Division I (Co-Chairman) Transportation Development Centre I I 1 V I B EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Except for some very early developments in China - the 'South 1 Pointing Carriage' around 200 A.D.and the magnetic compass 1000 years later -and a brief flurry of activity during the 1 early days of the automobile and again during World War II, there were few advances in land navigation until the late I 1960s. At that time,several concepts for providing electro- nic route guidance were developed; however, these systems did not progress beyond experimental stage because the required I technology was still too expensive and unreliable for wide- spread application. I Recent advances in micro-electronics, however, have helped generate renewed interest in vehicle positioning, navigation I and route guidance systems.The fact that these systems, if adapted to traffic and fleet management, could help alleviate urban traffic congestion and increase the efficiency of I transporting goods and providing other services, has added a I sense of urgency to their development. This report contains a state-of-the-art review of those mo- 1 bile information systems which can display vehicle position relative to a map data base and which facilitate or perform 1 navigation and route guidance functions. In-vehicle naviga- tion and communications technologies, components of represen- tative systems and methods of digitizing and storing map data 1 are described.Thirty-nine mobile systems, demonstrated or announced in the 1980s, are classified by their infrastruc- I ture relationship,navigation technique and available func- tions,map format and storage, output/input methods and po- I tential applications. It is too early to predict which technologies and types of I systems will eventually gain widespread acceptance: autono- mous dead-reckoning supplemented with map matching, or navi- gation systems based on proximity devices, ground-based radio I signals or satellites.Perhaps in realization of the present shortcomings of each of these systems, many system concepts I I vii 1 incorporate two, even three,positioning technologies. 1 Human factors considerations are presented from the perspec- tive of the 'human information processor', which is highly susceptible to error when overloaded. It is emphasized how limited we are in our ability to acquire and process external I visual information (needed for primary driving tasks) while attempting to perform in-vehicle tasks, such as reading a CRT map display.A design guide for in-vehicle electronic dis- I plays and controls specifies
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