Unremarked Documents in the Houghton Library

Isaac Rosenberg and George Bottomley: Unremarked documents in the Houghton Library

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Citation Allentuck, Marcia. 1975. Isaac Rosenberg and George Bottomley: Unremarked documents in the Houghton Library. Harvard Library Bulletin XXIII (3), July 1975: 252-270.

Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37364275

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N RECENT YEARS, the Fiarvard U nivcrs1ty J ...ihrary h~s expanded

its holdings of the \Vorks of Isaac Rosenberg ( 1890-1918) '3 one of th c 111ost deter n1in ed i origin-al~and di stin gu 1sh e

ju 1916t and containing 1118Il}' corTcctions in Rosenberg's }rn.nd1 thus supp1c111cntingother such unpublished rcYisions at the Bod]ei,g_n,the British J\1uscu1n, and the Rusenbach F onnd2tion. Acri uired as ,veH in the 1960s ,vas another privately-printed pamphlet of his pocn1s,1 7 outb, produced hy I. Narodiczky in 191 5, an

• J an\ gr~tcful to Isaac Rosenberg's only survh:ing brother, David, of Engb1nd~

and to Rosenberg's nieces, 1\-1rs. l rydfa Kellnmn of the United Sni.tc.s1 J\·1rs. Edna Lee-,,rordcn of So1,1thAfric1, and l\1rs. Ruth G~rson and J\1r~. Sheib Lynn, 1.HJthof C~nad~~ as ,veH as to lVjlfrecl J..~nvrfo or South Afrka, for h~ying Inadc ivailable

to me f arni l y nl a tcria ls1 hir gc 1y unpublished I concerning l c Rosen he rg. I must cx- p ress my thanks, too, to Gordon Bouo1niey 1s 1iter:1rr executor for blanket peunis-

sion to quote from any Bottomley ,vork 1 published or unpublishedi to the Department of J\1anuscripts of the British 1'1useum and to the Depann1cnt of j\·lanuscrjpts of the Uodlci.tn Library and to other prjvat~ coHcctors in Brjtain. I tllank as \veU \\ 1• H. Bond of the Houghton T..ihr~ryi ~nd J nhn P. llakcr of the Research Librarjcs of the l\"'c\\' York Public Library, for pennission to quote from the Gordon Bottomler manuscripts in thefr keeping (letrers of JI D~ccrnhcr 1 969 -and 6 J\1ay 1971 rc~pec- tivcly). L,aurencc Binyon~s daughters received rne ,vith great hospitality ~nd gradously n1ade av~ilable to me aU of their f a.thcr~.sunpublished papers refo.ting to Gordon Ilotto,nky when I "'a~ 1n Bdtain jn 1974. l."hcy granted me permission to

q uotc u n reserYed l y f rorn then) 1 and I n1 u ch a pp rec ia tc tl 1 cit gen crosit y and th ejr interest in this study.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) Isaacl{osenberg a11dGordon Botto1nley 2 53 11te dra\vings. Of this copy, still in its original ,vrappers, ,,,. H. Bond ,vrotc in Tbe Houghton L...ibrar~y Reports XXT1l n11dXXV/I (1966- 1 968) that it ,vas c,a rare 2nd cxtrctncl y inflncnti~l publication j n the development of 1nodern poetry~,(p., 129). '\_:'ct the Houghton Library contains t\vo other docutnents, letters

dated 9 and 2 8 l\1ay I 91 8.,fron1 Gordon Botto1nlcy ( 1874-r 948) 1 poet~ drnn1atist, criticJ and collector [Plate \III], to the artist \\liHiarn ltothcnste.in, \vhich shed additional light on Roscnberg"s aborted gifts and their critical rcccptjon, and ,vhich have never received conunent in an nppositc context. It is n1y purpose in this article to present ~nd

discuss these docu1ncnts1 and to round thcn1 out \Vjth unpuh]ished

n1atcrials in the Berg Collection of Lhc Nc\v York Public J...ibrat)7 und in the hands of the Rosenberg and Laurence Binyon fa1nilicsnnd other pri va tc collections,. as ,·vcl1 as the British i\,1uscu111 and the Bodlcian~ so that n1ore light 1nay be cast not only llpon H.osenbcrg, ,vhose critical biograph)r I arn ,vritingt but also upon Botton1lcy,s role in the post- hu1nous preservation and editing of lloscnberg's re.1atively sn1:11lbut nonetheless splendid ceu.vre.

In 1 9:! z l t,vo years af tcr T. S. E1iot ,vrote in ] 'be Cbapbook, "Let the puh]jc ... ask itself ,vhy it has never heard of the poen1s of T. R. I-Juln1cor of Isaac lloscnbcrg, and ,vhy it has heard of the poems of Lady· })rccocift Pondocuf ~1ndhas seen :t photograph of the nursery in ,vhich she ,vrotc thcn1/" 1 Gordon Bottomley brought out his first edition of R osenherg 1s pocn1s, \Vith a perceptive and n1oving introductory

1 T. S. Eliot, Brief Treatise 0L1 the Cridcisn1 of Poctryt Tl)e C!Japbooki H:9 ( 1\1srch 19.10) + 1- 1 o. l'"hc quotation occurs on p. :z.. There is a curjous jruny in the f 3 ct th:1t hot h Eliot :ln d Bottomley \Ve re a1non g the first prn ct icing poet.s to ch am- p ion Roienbtrg in print, and that on tlic vi;rge of oid age Ilottomley could ·write of Elaot to G. Rostrevor H~milton: [.I.He seen1s tn n1e rn:.ln jntendcd l.Jy nature for a gre:1t poet~ ·who hampered hi1nsclf at the o\1tsct by in!iisting on m~king hls poetry 011t of his inhil.Jitions: and it seems to me that poetry conies onlr out of fu 1l Inan.' 1 (Letter of 11 No\'emhcr 1938; Rndlci~n Eng. lctt. c. i7 I) Se\Jc n t,i:cny CJ r.s a f tc r El ioe::i~ta tcment al, out Rosen berg i F. R. I ~c.,rvis, \V r j ting in Scn1tiny for September 1937, confessed that bis reading of Eliot ls remark cJ\Yas the

occasion of n1y noting Rosenberg's n:)rne as one to remember, + •• I recall tbc con- vjction th:1t 1,·Ic.E1iot expressed year.'i: later regarding 1\1ariannc i\1aore: ~that 1\1iss i\1oorr-'~ poeins f urn1 part of th:::itsrnall body of ,vritings an1ong ,;,.,•lrn.tpasses for poetry, in "·hich an origina1 sen~ibility and al err intelligence and deep f cc]iag have b~en engaged in n1aintaining the ]ifc uf the: English htngunge.' I think that something

of thnt l(and intght ha\.'Cbeen SJid1 and ·with f=-=ir rnore approprj[lteness, of ]s~ac Roscn-

hcrg ... + llo~tnhcrg bclorag("-;lnot \.vith Chatterton, but rather ·with l{cat~ and 1-Iop- kins.")j ( pp. i l9-i 30~ p. 134)

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) 2 54 H rfrvrrrd J...,ihr ary B 'lt l letin 1nernoir by the poet ~nd art critic~ J.,aurcncc Binyon f P1atc , 71] .2 It ,vas to Binyon, ,vho had kno,vn and advised the in1pu,rerishcdand physic::11ly·frail young Jc,vish poet "Andartist f ron1 J.Jondon's E~st End since 191 2, rhat lluscnbcrg ,vrotc rhese astonishingly positive ,vords f rorn the trenches in 1916:

Il is f rlr, very f ~r, to the British J\1uscutn from here . + • but not too far for that tiny n1itc of n1y~elf, my Jetter, to rcnch there.~~. I ~111 determined rbat this ,var~ ,vich all its p(nvcr.s for devastation, slrnll not nrnstcr n1y pocting; that is if I ·m11 lucky enough to come through all right. l ,viH not lca\'c a corner of my con~ sdousncss corcrcd llp~ but saturate n1yself ,vitll the slrangc and cxtrnord1n~ ry ne,v condic1ons of this life, m1d it ,,,Hl all refine itself it1to poetry Inter on.;s Tbe Ti,ner Literary S1tf,pleu1e;1tgave the Botton1]cy-Binyon vo1nn1e n discerning revje,v.," and the firn1 support of poets like Edith S1t\vcll,

I'oeun by lxmrc.Rosen[n;TJ{. Selected and Fdircrl by Gordon llottu1nky. '''ith an lntru~l uctory A.1emoir by Laurence Rinyon. l..Gndon: lVilli:nn Hciner11:1nn, 191:2. ;\1 bid., p. 38. LJJ.urencc Bin yon ( 1 869-1943) was appointed to the Dcp,utn1ent of Prinrs and Dra,,·ings of the British j\·1uscu1n in I R95 ~nd b~ciune: Assist~nt Keeper in 1909. Linc:s from hi.s ,var poe1n!i'For the Fallcnt published Jn T'/Je Tin1rr ( of Lon-

don) on 11 Scptemhc:r l9I4 1 arc engraved on the portico of the British l\1useum. Rinyon)s t·ITorts jn_ Ros:cnherg!.s llehalf c;1n he comp:-lrcd to tho.c:;r.1lc rnadt to revive intcresc in \''illiam Rlilkes ~rt. From 19oi to 1916 he brought out four books dealing w·ith Rla~c die ~nest, rind in 1931 he edited a collection or his poC"ms. ln J'he- J)ra1..i,,.

f;igJ and Engra-vings of I VilJfout Bfoke (London: The Studio 1 Limited) 192 2) i he speak~ of Bl8.l~cBisolatcd in hls o\~·n ~gc . . . [by] ,varping circumstnnc:::es of his tinH.1:."(p. i8) H c stresses Bb kc,s '~rang~ and inycnti\'CflCss ~s techniciant and lan1ents that his an 1 ~is still not understood find appred:ited ~s it should be:; and chiefly Lcc.:ause it JS ]in]c lno,vn.' 1 1~hcsc observations certainly p~rn~in~(l as '\vdl to hfa absorption in Roscnhcrg1s ,York. In the fir~t paragraph of the introcl L1ctory 1ncrnoir \\'hich prcc,('dcd th~ poems in the 192:2 edition) he ,vrotc of Rosenberg:

"A(hTerse circumstances ... f and] ,vant of upportunity 1 impc(lctl and ob.~curcd his genius ... no one col1ld h~vc bad a rnore ind,~p~ndent 11::1tur-e.t,(p. 1) ' Jn the issue for 15 Junc 1921. The reYtc,ver conclude$ "·ith a quvral tun fron1

the poem 1 icoar Dead I-Ieroes," ::i.nda~- ..scn.<-;: HStdngcncy of form compels cotninuity· here; in line after line d•c burning bC'at of tht: · opening Manz.a fa maintained~ and Rosenberg briHgs to adequate conclusion tl1e rhapsody w·hich a 1norc cxpercenccd craf tsrrian \Yould hardly h.1\Tedared to he gin/' ha\Tlng earlier agreed that 1 '.i\iuch "·as difficult for R osenherg: ll is.circumstances ·were deadening . . but he h .1d th cs.con- sola don at least, thilt hi:S gif t5' ""''ere und!;rstood: hes achieYcrncnt to be \\·as syrnpa~ rhetic~Hy antlcipntc

-artlsts musL ,io1 on tl1(.! l•b.11khc.:cJlc~sn~ss of the ,,,.orld. On his side, he resrnndrd eager]y to their c:nconr.1gc:1ncnt, ~nd bc;nt hilnsclf "·ith an a1mos.t fierce determinntion to the task of justifying t-hcir l,tlief in hin1 .... His gifts had been recognized; ·with

thctn there ,v:l$ itl his character an cx~cting and indnmitable persistcncy ,vhtch 1 h~d h c JhTcd, \\10U 1d h~\·c nm ae their full expression sure/'

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) /sanel~osenberg and Gordou Bottou1le)'

,vho pub]ishcd so111cof his \Yorh in 1f1beels ~nd ,vho ,Y3S rc1nindcd by l{osenbcrg's "strength :.:i.ndfire _ . . of Blakcts yision. of the tiger," r~ and Robert Graves) ,vho bcJicvcd that had Rosenberg lived to pro- dul:e n1ore, he ,vould have been "one of the fc\v poets ,vho nlight ha vc served as a fair challenge to shnn1 n1odcrnisn1,'' ·~nn1st ha vt encouraged Botton1lcy to proceed further ~nd to enlist others jn Roscn- herg1s CBuse~ Botto1nley 1 s ]ahors on the 19 21 edition had been co1npli- c.:~tedby his O"\Vnstate of hca] th tu bcrculosis in rcn 1issive state ":ras con1poundcd by n duodenal ulcer. I-le feh possessed by the 111ission thnt ltoscnb erg's ,vork n1ust he preserved gnd its va.luesrecognized, but his ta~k ,vas not c:tsy. As n1~11yof the pocn.~ and drafts for poetic dr~una \vere \vrjtten in the trenches, sent hon1e to Rosenberg's devoted sister J\nnic to be typed~ and then jndefatigably and ardently revised by- lloscnbcrg u ndcr the n1ost ad verse nnd inin1ical conditions, the manuscripts presented prohlcn1s. Rotto111lc.y,vrotc on a particularly uncon1-

f ortab]e d}1r~z 2 l\1arch l 9z.1 1 to his f ricnd Ed\vard l\1arsh! ''I stiH spend 1ny days upon lloscnbcrg, ~s, e,.,cry tirnc I finish 1ny cditorinl labourings o-ver hin1, his fa,nily produces another coagulated n1ass of greasy l\1. S. S+ I sic] ·and J have to begin aH over again - for besides nc,v poc1ns there arc ahvays a dozen typescripts of the old ones, and crrch one is corrected by Rosenberg, ~nd c~ch one differently .. . 13.utaH this [ con1p1aining] is inerc luxurious tri Aing-,vith the rnood of n1y n10- n1cnt."' By 3 i\,1ay, ho,,,cver) Bottornlcy had rch::1hilitated hin1self sufficicntl y to sec the first cdi tion a f c,v days short of cornpletion, rtnd he confessed to i\1larsh: ''It has got in the \vay of 111y o,vn ,vork a good dca1. Bul I ,vant to do the job as ,vcll as I can, nnd so n1any pocn1s turn up ,vil h 1nnrvcllol1s . . ,vaf t2gcs in d1cn1 . . . they 1nakc 1ne :=itrc1in ,nyscl f ~11I kn O\\r ho,v . . . 1 hope I a1n ~uccccding;it has been

PThis ,vJs an astm:e ~n8:logy. l)an1c- Edith could not h~i.Tckno\vnl \.vhcn she \Vrotc these lines, nf RosenlJert's critical e.ssays on the arts, in ,Yhich he ekvates the ·work of Vl iUian1Illa.kc to grtat heights; he appears to have kno,;,vnhis poctns ~nd pictures :ar :.1 rin1e ,vhen Blake ,•:as not as h1ghly rc-g,lrded as he is today. Rosenberg ne\·er jndicates v;ho introduced th can tn hi rn: it n1ay very ,vcH h~Yc hcrn L:iurc:ncc Binyon. 1n 1914, Rosenberg asked a South Afrjc:1n ~udic-ncc-: "Ho\V do ·we kno,v a vital con1position? l\7 c kno,v it by its nC\Yness ;1nd its rightness. Do- you kno\Y Illa ke"'s dr~nving of 'The Song of the j\·Jorning Star'? Do yon kno,v ·why it ,vns not con- l'.C-1\'(;dlJcf or~ llfal(;? Yet it is as natu ra\ ~nlll niagnific.:cnt a coc1ccptiun as the Sun; ... and ~s my~1:erious and holy and ~.s ne,v ... Bla.ke .. ha.d a noh]c; jdc;1 of form .... 1 hold BJakc to be the highest artist England has e,·er h~d .. a Laur:a Riding and Robert Graves, A Survey of A1odcrnist Poetry (London:

,villian1 J,Ieine1n~nn, 1917) 1 p. 11 o.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) HarvardI,ihrary B11lletin

,vorth ,v hiJc a.t any rate . . . the ne\'~1 n1atcrial sho,vs hin1 making a 7 substantial stride . • '' Bottomleyls selfless loyalty to Rosenberg continued unabated, -and in 1937 there appeared an enlarged edition of Roscnbcrg')s poems and playsi together "rith son1eessays in liLcrary and art crhicisn11 letters, and i1lustn1tions of a fe,v of his pictures, under the joint editorship of Botto1nlcy and the critic Denys I ·Iardil]g, \vho had already Yvrittcn probing1yof Rosenberg in Scruti11yt\VO years earlier.~ To this edition! Siegfried Sassoon, ,vhosc pocn1s llosenberg had found po,verful., and ,vho had hirnselfalready n1adc a notc\vorthy creative assin1ilationof the experiences of the Great '~'ar, contributed a brief but cogent fore- ,vord.&

'''hat is n1ost rcn1arkau]c about Botto111lcy'sdevotion to Roscnbcrgls in1rncnse gifts, ho\vcvcr, is that although they corresponded ,vhilc the latter lived, they never n1ct. In virtual exile fron1 the fogs and pollu~ tions of London, nursing a sick lung ht the north country attended hy

a devoted l sensitive, and in tclligent ,v ifc,. Bottomley ,vas denied by his ailn1ent access to an active literary life~ Recurrent hen1orrhages sapped his strength and i1nposcd upon hin1 a rigorous discipline; he ,vas dependent upon friends in the south for nc,vs of the ,vorld of art and 1etters.,although he did c111crgcf ron1 tin1e to ti1ne in 2uspiciously ,varm n,onths in connectton ,vith the performances of his plays, the readings of his poetry, and art cxhihitions ~nd theatrical perfor111ancesto ,vhich he needed to expose himself so that the 1nandatory patterns of exile could he sustained lvith son1c n1easureof resignation+ To kindred n1inds and concerned friends he ,vrote of his volatile health; for exan1ple, to the ,v-onlen \vho formed the ,vriting team of '"1lVlichacl Iticld~' he announced: I spcn

i:. 'J"'be Collected IF or ks of J5aac Rosenberg: Poetr,;·, Pro.ret Letters, and S0111e Dr,1-wings.Edited by Gordon Bottornley and Denys Harding. ,Vith a Forcvrord by Sicgfrjcd s~~~oon. London~ Chatto and ,v~ndus~ I9~ 7·

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) lsnnc Rosenberg and Gordon Bottou1ley 2 57 perennial and pristine zest than I. I jibe ,;,vhenI n1ay not ha.vc as 1nany theatres, orchestras, and pictures as I \Vant; but once ::a yc~H, ,vhen i\1ay and June co1nc round, I take the risk of London for a mo1ncnt (and the risk hcttcrs the zest) to 1na.ke an1ends for the disrespects of \Vinter .... I an--.1hoping for many dc- Hghcs to furbish my rustical patina ... It is not good to be ever pladd on a Jone hiJl-sidc and ,ve long for a 1nore vivid 111omentin London ... EYcr since 1ny iJlne.ss djrccted tne to discover poetry 1 have been full of innun1erablc reasons for keeping alive . . .10 And to the poet and p]ay\vrjght, 1..... Sturgc 1\1oorc,he ,vrotc candidly during a period ,vhen he ,vas particularly a\v-arc of ~'the cnston1ary tediousness of 1n}r health'':

l\1y disabi1ity is never a painful one, oftenest it is only ft disqualificntion for the

Jcast over-exertion i h cig htcn cd at tin1cs in to annoying qui csc cncc under threats of pnln1onary hacrnorrh~g~s. 1 defines my 1i1n1tstoo sharply !-:ometimes; lint it has brought rnc greater cnf r~nchisc1ncnts \\'hHe it cannot hinder lifc: (,vith the arts in it) from being a noble and intense deJight ~t ev·ery moment .. l\-1y ridiculous hec11thnnd the short dnys it enforces limit n1y "\li.'Od~ingpo,ver a good deal ... nly dtsa.biHtics have taught me to Eve in a \Vay that h~s furnished. me

"rj tit c.xccpti ona l f aci litics for rec cpti vcn css.1 j

An1ong Botton1lcy's n1ost steadfast correspondents "'as Edurard

1'v1arshl intcrn1ittently private secretary to ,vinston Churchi11bet,veen 1905 and 19z9, to \vhose vo1utnesof Georginn Poetry Bottornley con- trihured~ and it \vi1sl\-1arsh ,vho ,vas responsible for the correspondenc_c bct,vecn Botton1lcy and Roscnbergr t\-13rshh:1d n1et lloscnbcrg in 1 91 3 and ,,~as at once in1prcsscd ,vjrh his genius., and \Vith his resol u~ tion to develop it despite the personal circun1st-a.nces,vhich conspired -against hin1. For lVlarsh, Rosenberg joined the sn1a1lnurnber of young n1cn \vho ,verc ,vhat he called ''Shelley-pl-ains/l a category suggested by the first lines of l{obcrt Bro,vning's "i\1en1orabi]ia": ''Ah, did )7 0U once see Shelley pJain,./And did ht stop ~nd speak \Yith you?,, lloscnberg ended l1is forn1al ctlucntion at the age of fourteen in 1904, ,vhen his fan1ily's econon1ic situation forced his apprenticeship to an engraver. '[ ct h1s artistic gifts ,verc recognized by three generous J e\vesses \Vho supported hin1 at the Slade School of Art bct,vccn 1911 and 191 ,,rhcre he "~on several prizes. A photograph survives. [Plate I] of a Slade School picnic in 191 2 in ,vhich Rosenberg is already· in a sense

ia British J\1use um Add. /'\1s. 458 51, letters of 14 l\.'lay 1906119 l\1ay 1906, :291\1ay

19081 i 5 l\1arch 190~;, :and 14 J\1ay r909. 11 '. London, Pii\ 0 .9.teCollection, letters of 3 1 July 1908, I 6 August 19081 I 8 July l909, and i o September 191 J· ·

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) Harvard TJibraryBulletin a loner ~111ongother talented young peopl c de~tined to tn~ke their n1ark. I-le is l.::nec]ing at the cxtrrn1C', left~ diagonally behind Dora Carrjngton~ to the right of \\~hon1 arc C. R. ,,,. Ncvinson and lVlark

Gertlcr. Rehl nd f)ura Carrington and Nevjnson sits Ruth l ..o\V) 7 , ]atcr Lady Gol1ancz, the daughter of one of Rosenbcrg"s three bene- factresses~ ,vho sixty years later in f_..ond~n ,vas to speak to 1ne of Roscnherg.1~ Next to Adrjan Allinson, holding the

no detached editor; the older rna111 a bachc]or particularly devoted. to pro111isingyoung n1en, ,vas deeply touched by the practical pressures of R.. oscnberg)s situation, by his artistic self-discipline, and by his in~ dependent ·and ,vidc-rnngjng reading. JVJarshad,tjsed Rosenberg in

L'.: I intcrvJe\vcd Lady Gollancz 1 born Ruth Low)', on r 4 A ugnst J 971 in London; :1lthough she was :ilreally dying uf cancer her courage ,v-as enonnous ::inll her n1cn1- ories und in11ncd dr.!ip:tc the fact that she ,\'as h1 her eighttr:!S.She remcn1hcrcd \~hTidly

Rosl":nbcrg\ i.~poor pll}'.':il<:alcq11ip1ncot 1 11n,mcd,•otce 1 hnd adenoids and ~hocking rc::cth.'' He \Vas usilent and shy,', hur \\'hen he spo"ke of his con1plctcd poen1s nnd his future pro)ects it was L\1ln1ostas if ::i.11angel of Cod put a finger on his lips.~' L~d y Gollanc7 po~scs::;;erldrafrs of hi~ pocn1~ and some '-Yorks of art Ly hi1n. Fiis dr~wjng of her ,-vhich is reproduced in the Collected lV 01ks focing p. l 56, ~nd ''-'hJch ·won fir~t-d~ss pri·1c ;lt the Shdc:: in 1911, hung -abo\'c her bed. 13 1 an1 grateful to '''i1li:1ni Cartkdgc of Sussex, f:ngbnd 1 ,vho stands !ircond f roJH left in the top ro\\\ for provjding n1c ,vith .1 print of this photograph. "\:\ThenRosen-

berg lectured on ir1.0Jern British s.rt in South Africa in r 9 c41 he desc.::ribc-dl\·hlrk Gcrt- ]cr 'JS possessing 'ia deep undcrstant1ing of r1ature -and snn1edmes achicvjng to d1~t ]ntcnsity ·we C8.llin11gin:nion.', Of those in the photogr~phl ho\\'C\Terl he resen·ed his highest pn1ise for Spencer~ Hllut the finest of a U is Stanley Spencer. 1-Ie is too inde- p~ndcnt for contcn1por:i.ry influence and goes back to Ciottu ~nd Blahe as hi5

m~sters. .. his pktu res: have that sense of cn::r-l::istingness1 of no beginning And no

1 end, th8.t 1,.vcgc:t. in all n11iterpicccs." Born1.Jergs d ra-.,_vjngu( Ro~enherg 1 ~'Head of :) Poet (lsaac Rosenb~rg)t ·was:executed ,·ery lntwh in the Slade mnnner., hut Rm;;en- h tl"f;°'s eyes :1.re re-nd ered ,v it h an a r rc:stin g prof n nd fry; i t.'i present ,v ht:"rc::i bouts a re urJknown, lnit a good rcp1·oduct1on n13y be studied in YVilfotn\ Lipke, Dn·i•id Bontberg (London: E:vdyn, Adams & .i\1~ck~y Ltd) 1967), plate 5. lroniclH)', Rosenberg \\Tas :-imhivalent about Ilon11Jerg\ arfrstic powers; he [lreferred Srnnlcy Spencer: unavid Ru1nhcrg has crude po,\·er of a too c~kulatc:d ,·jolcncc - jnd is nu~chlnical, but un- doubtedly intcrcsting.t' ( Collected TVorks, p. 25l)

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) IsaacRosenberg ((nd Gordou Botto111Jey 2 59 rnatters of health ( his ]ungs ,verc \Vcak and f rorn t 9, 6 until his death in r 91 8 he \Vas to suffer 1ntcn11ittent hut great agonies fron1 acu tc trench-four as he cnjoy·cd no an1cnities of r~nk); he bought ~t least

one of R.oscnbcrg'~ paincings 1 Sacred l.,o-ve;H he criticized his ,vork constructivc]y; he cried ·hinl up to T. E. II ulrnc, 1-I~rold fdonro) I...,:lsccl- les Li\.bercro1nbic,~nd R~ C~ Trcvclygn; and n1ay ha\Tc even Geen responsible for Ezra Pound's notice of hin1 and his publication of son1e of lloscnbcrg\; poc1ns in the A111crjcanjournnl, I'oetr·y. Ry 191 5 Rosen- berg had returned frotn South African journey ,vhcrc he stayed \vith :1 n1arried sister in a vain attc1npt to build his health, ~nd hnd cn]isted in the arn1y for ,vhich he \Vas eminently unfit both physic8.Hy and psycho- ]ogica lly: he ,vJnted his n1othcr to have ndditional financial support. Although i\1arsh atten1pted to hnvc hin\ ,vithdra,vn, he ,vas unsuccess- ful. Rosenberg su:ffcrcd, \Vrotc pocnis on scraps of paper, and ,v~.s Jdlled on 1 April , 91 8.. [\,Jar.sh1s jntcnsity of grief at the earlier loss of ~not her favorite, llupert Ilrookei had to some extent hardened hin1~but he soJTO",YCrlgre::1tly nonetheless and never lost ~n opportunity to keep 1 Rosenberg's n1cn1ory c1Ji,1 c. 'Poor little Jsaac Rosenberg ,vho never ca111ei11to l1iskingdun1t J' ,vrotc i\1lnrsh 111ore thant,,·cnty . -years later - "surely· one of the 1110st futile of all the futile sacrifices of rhc \7\1aL\ for except courage he had no quality of the soldier." 16 Rosenberg's correspondence \vith l\Jarsh is rcn1ark11b]etcsta1ncnt to the poet's capacity, despite ~'hnrsh and unlovely tin1cs/' for gro,vrh and self-criticisn1, to his nnren1itting dedication to craft, and to his quest for an idio111'\vcighty in thought, alive in passion, and of ... intense itn:tginntion. t 1 16 l"his correspondence~ begun in London in

1 9 r 3i and ending in the trenches five days before Rosenberg's death., fornls a virtual ~utobiogrnphy on Rosenberg's side, of ten ]e~vcncd hy \Vit and irony in the Jn1ost depressing conditions. Through these

H J\•hl.rshhung the painting~ ,vhich is reproduc.:ed in Collecrcd JVorkr fac:ingp. r92, opposite the head of the bed in his spare ruon1. Christopher l-Jass'.:111, \\'ho s~w lt bc- fore2J\1~rsh's death, reported th:H it had an un1nistakably Blakean qu-aHt}\ and ,v011ld glow i:ady in the morning ,vith a drcan1-Jike intensity, ~hhough h had a pallid tone, 'Jlmost I ike r-i. pJstcl. J\-b.rs-hhad also planned to include Rosenberg in a pro)ectcd volrnnc of C1corghrn Vrrndngs together wkh such jrtists ~s Gertlcr, Paul Nj~h! Stanley Spencer, C. R. \V. J\~e,Tinson! ::tnd Gaudier-Ilrz.eska, bur the \\'Ork ,vas never puhli.~hed. 1 1.1 Fd\\'nrd i\f~rsh, A Ntnnlif-r of People. A Book of Rcrniniscences (1'-...c'"v York ~nd London: I-Iarpcr :111dBrother Publishers> 939 ), p. 316. u ColJected JF or kJ\ pp. 313-J r 5.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) 260 Harvard 1...-:ibrary B1rlletin letters, Jikc a lcitn1otif, runs H.. oscnbergJs unqu8.]ified admiration of

Gordon Botton1lcy,s ,vork 1 ,vhich he a1su expressed to n1cn1bcrs of his o,v-n f:.-u11i1yand the other poets ,vith ,vhon1 he corresponded~ 11 For lloscnhcrgJ Botton1lcy'"s \Vork posses:;ed originality and ''fine in1- ~gination"; he asked .J\1I~rsh co send rnurc books~ as ,t I rn [sic] rnad to 1 rcgd a play hy Botto1nlcy '; and ,vhen Botton1lcy sent hirn his poetic dnnna, l(ing Lear's 1111[e, Rosenberg called it ' 1rnagnifi.ccnt as n play and son1c stunning poetry in it too." Of Botton1ley's ''Atlantis/t Rosen- berg announced to ivlarsh that it "is one of the grand poerns in our hingu:1.ge;and can1c to inc -JS the ne,vs of a great victory nlight conic.,, 1-Ie,vas prof ound]y grntcful for Bottomley'" s support: ,:~Rotton1ley ad- n1ires nly ,vork too, 2nd th~t has pleased 111c1norc than if I \Vere kno,vn aU over the vtorld ,.,; ''Gordon Dutton1lcy h;=tsheen ,vri ting n1c ,varn1 letters. He is a great 1nan . . . and I \V::is gre8.tly pained to find so fine -an::iture po~sessing so fr~il a hold on health and I ::1111nhva.ys 1110.st anxious ahont hin1 and to hear ~nything of hitn,l; "I hc~r pretty often

fron1 . . L Rotton1lcy and his letters arc like a handshake: and pas- sages arc splendid pieces of ,vrj ting. n rn Botton1ley ,vas in-a.dea\varc of Rosenberg by R~ C. Trevelyan at a tin1e \vhcn he gre\v uneasy about the reden1privc qualities inherent in poetry. In J\1arch of 191 5 he ,vrote to Sturgc j\Ioore that "one n1ain use of foUo\ving an art is to learn to hand]c one's o,vn life as nrn1ly and requiring]yi '' but a 1nonth 1ater his gn1bivalences revealed thcn1se]vcs:

Someho\\' lve sccn1 to he at a p!acc in our O\Vn Jives>or a rnoment in the Jife of the ,vorld,, \'Vhen everything seen1s to be against poetry, ns H life ,Nilled tbat poetry should be in1pcdcd ... An1icl this 5trangc and unf~tnili~r Hfc and the prospects of its continuance \Ve hold .firm to the thought of our in\Vard life .. in the n1eantinu~ it inspirits us to hear of \\'ork hc]d to and carried on for- tunateiy an1id a distracling ant1

11 His fin est t riln1tc to B ottorn ley ,,·~s \Vr itten f ron1 th c trc nd its to the poet R. C. Trc.\ 1 clya:n: "Here jn the trenches \\'here "'c ar,c playing this: cxtraordin-nry gan1ble, your letter m::ide me fed refreshed ~nd fine. I hope Bottomley is <]ULtc hettc:c by

now - he is i n1H.nwhus!.: "'ork L •• has made n1c fce1 more rare and delicately excited feelings, than ~ny poetry I have cve:r rcad.i~ ( Collected H1 or k.r,p. 352) 19 Col/ected TV'orks~ pp. i8g-3 18 ptr.'ishn. Rosenberg c:Ednot confine hi~ praise of Botton1lcy to the corn~spondence ,vith j\•larsl1; for ~xarnplc:, from the trenches jn t~rnnce he \\1tote to R. C. Trevelr::n1: Hl,.our letter cr-tme,vith a second one of Bottonl- 1cy 's-. I ·:Ii.sfirst ,v as all pr~ ise ·1 nd hjs seco rl d :ill c ri tld~n 1; lm t his crh:icisrn i..va~high er praise than any pr~ise 1 had been gi,·cn Lcf orc. His letter ,vas fuU ur fine ,vriting ~rnt useful tips and l feel \'cry gratefu 1 for it, and to you for first sho,;,.vingmy things to himt (J bid.'t pp. 351-15 3)

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) lsnac l~osenbergand Gordon llottou!ley

That Dottornley ,vas at once nlcrt to Roscnhergts genius is apparent fron1 n letter sti11retained by-the f 3111ily,vhich he se·nt to the young poet, dated 4 July 191 6:

I have read both your books [ l' out fJ and A1vsesl ,vith dc1ight. There is no doulJt there ,va.s never a n1ore real poet in the \\'or1d than you are .... I cannot "Cellyou the deep plcjs:urc ,vfrh ,vhich l read A1oses. It is a prodigious ad vancc; I understand you have do11cit 1ately under distr~cting conditions. and this secn1~to 1nc the }Jest pron11sc that you are goh1gon to other fine things. It is not on1y that it has so rnuch of the sureness of direction ... but it has the lc1rge1 fine 1novc- r11enti the ~rnplc s";rccp ,vhich is the first requisite of great poetry ... Such speeches as 'cl-lad you en1baln1ed your hcr.utyn :tnd c,I am sicl-1;of prjcsts and f onns 0 and 1nost of j[The roya] pnunch of PharoahJ' spee<:h are the very top of poetry, and no one ever did it better; hut I Yaluc still more the instinct for farge org~ n isati on ,v hi ch holds the ,v ho 1c t ogc th er.

Botton1lcy's letter had been in response to one f ron1 Rosenl1crg, prob- ~bly hjs first to hi111tdared 1 i June 191 6, containing the f oJlo\ving passage: )>eop]c ~re ahvays teHing n1e my ,vurk is pron1jsing-incornprehcnsiblc, but promising ... and n1y 1neekne~s subsi~cs bcf ore the patronizing- knff\Vingncss+ l"'he first thing I sa,v of your$ "'r!S last year in the Georgian RDok. "l'he End of the \:Vorld.'"' I n1ust ha ,1 e ,vorricd nll London about it - certainly everybody I kno,v. I had never seen anything like it. ..~f ter that I got hold of °Cha.mbers of I1nagcry .." J\1t"+l\1arsh told tnc of your plays, but J joined the Arn1y and have never been able to get at thc1n. It is a great r hing to n1e to he :able to tell you no\\' in this ,vay ,-vhat nrnrvcllous pleasure your "~ork has given me\ and ,vhat pride that n1y ,vork ph.:ascs yo\J.10

Other letters ,vhich Rosenberg \vrotc to Bottoni Icy f ro1n the trenches contained not only dr:l.ft.~ of poe111s,but accounts of diurnal i111pjnge1nent.son the poetic in1aginationhy the horrors of ,var. 1.'et H.oscnberg did not despair~ 1 'Your letter carne to-day ,vith !vir. Trevelyan's, like t"\VO friends to take me for a picnic. . . . Simple poetr 1y, - that is ,vhcrc an interesting con1plexity of thought is kept in tone and right value to the dominating idea so that it i~ understand- able and stiH ungraspablc.. I kno,v it is beyond my·•reach just no,v, except, perhapst in bits. I an1 al\vays afraid of being en1pty-.'''hen I get n1ore leisure in 1norc settled tin1es I \vill \Vork on a larger scale and give n1yself roon1; then I n1ay he less frustrated in my efforts to be

i~ lbid., P· 370.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) HttrvardLibrary B11lletin

clcart and sati~fy n1ysclf too"\ 2~ "ir our letters ahvays giYc 111cu strange and Jargepleasure; and I shal] nc,rcr think I ha,rc "~Tittcn poetry

in vain, since it has brought your friendliness in 1ny ,vay. No,v 1 fee]- ing as l ani, c.~st a\vay and used llp, you don't k Jl.O\V ,vhat a letter like yours is to n1e'\ 21 'l\l y great f car is that l n1ay lose ,vh11tI\rc ,vritten,

,vhich can happen here so easily. I send hon1c any bit I \\1Iitc., for safety, bnt that can easily get lost in trans1ni.s~ion. T-Io\vever, I Jive in an in1111cnsctrust th at things ,v jll turn out \vcH.'" ~:! At the san1e ri111cthat Botton1ley \vas \vriting to lloscnbcrg-=-he \Vas a]so ,vrirj ng of hin1 to J\1arsh. On J 9 Septcn1bcr 19 1 6, he tried to ac- count for the beginnings of hi.s i nvoi ven1~nt:

I-Ic inLcrc.sts 111cbecause, jn ,cA1oscs,"I f cit so1nc ~ssnrancc that in hi n1, at fast.! has perhaps turned up poet "du longuc hakinc~' ~n1ong the young~tErs; he has paid their c1Jsto1nary;illegi~ nee to Poundis111canLl Unanin1isrnc and the rest "\,i,;ith an energy and \'j vi dn~ss ,vhich distingui.shc.s hirn frnn1 the uthers. J. ,vas so pleased lo fin

And of Roscnbcrg 1s contribution to Geory)(Hl Poetry, Jlotto1n1ey ,vrotc to i'\-1arshon 14 Ja uuary 19 l 8: "But if Ettie Rosenberg c.:anever ,vrite t,velve cunsccuti, 7 c pages as fine as this one page, he ,vill s,v11111p11s all except Lascc1lcs [ Abercro111bie]. '' 24 lloscnbcrg"s artistic tilents engaged Botto111lcyas ,vcll; he inf orn1cd 1\1arshon 2 5 Septe1nbcr 191 6 that ' 11 h2vc !-;een one or t,vo pcncjl

11 .sketches done ,vith a ncrvons 1 alert, interesting ]inc. i:s After Botton1-

¥.J Ibid.! p. 3-71. ~1 l bid.i p. 37+ ~:!Ibid.,p. 3 76.

::.J Berg Col Iectio n. . 2 ' Berg CuJlectJon. Rosenberg h:1d turned to A bc:rcrornhic ~s v.-"<=llfor guirfo.ru.:c~ a letter surv1YE:sto him frotn Ro$'cnbcrg1s 1nilinlry cau1p jn Farnborough, "\\'Ifrten on 11 j\•farch 19161-,vhich conveys the tenor of the refo.tion~hip "i.'ety \.Vell: "Your letter ,YaS sent to me from hon1e and it gal'C tnc: 8 Jot of pleasure. I re~lly ·wonder 'iNhelher tny thingf:: :arc \\'urtl1 t111.~trouuk you h~J:vetaken in ~nJJ.lyzingthen\ but if you think th~y are, and fron1 your letter, yon do, of l.:-oursc l ~hould fed encour:1ged. I stnd you here 1ny two l"iltcstpoc1ns~ \Vhich I ha ,Te managtd to \Vrite1-though jn the utmost

distress of rnind1 or perhaps because of it. BelieYc me the ~tnly is.the most dcrcstJblc invention .on the earth and nnhody hnc priv.'ltc:;iri the a rn1y kno,\·s ,vhc1r it is to be a sbn:e.n (Collecu:d Tf'orkr, p. 347) !!.'i Berg Cullccrjon.

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Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) lsrrac l~osanbergand Gordon lJo~to111ley lcy's dca th in 1948., the C~r lisle ...i\rt Gall cry rccci vcd several dra \Vings by Rosenberg f ro1n the Ilorton1]cy Collection. Son1c jn fact did reveal a line ,vith such ~ttributcs, but Rosenberg's pencil sketch of his father contains a Ene elevated into an aln1ost n1agisterial dignity l P1atcs II 2 and Ill J. {j Rosenberg's death in the trenches in April 191 8 n1oved Botton1lcy profoundly~ and he turned to his old friend, Laurence Binyon~ to begin the colJaboration upon H.. oscnberg's puh]ishcd pocn1s and unpub]ished n1anuscripts \Vhich resulted in the first posthurnous edition of 1922, otton 1l cy turned to Bin yon disc u sscd car lier in this ar tic 1 c. B ef orc D • + (or con1forl~ ho,vcver, he ,vrotc rhc I-loughton Library letters to Roth- cnstcin, to ,vhich I sha11turn af tcr discussing his ,vorking <.:orrcspon- dcnl'.e ,vith IEnyon. The Houghton ]cttcrs ,vcrc a kind of preparation for the cditorjal dcdicntion ,vhich ensued, and their significance can be 111casurcdbetter if this dcdic!Hion is traced f ron1 191 8 to 1921 '''hen Botton1lcy began to ,vork ,vith Binyon upon the Rosenberg project, he had lrcady kno\vn hitn for fif tten years. ''I :first 1net you/ i he re1nindcd Binyon on 5 i\1nrch 192 5, '~t\, 1 cnty-nvo years ago in going to the old Pri1_1tIloon1 to ask to see the Calvcrts.'~ 2 i 1... he frjcndship endured throughout Ilinyon's ]ife, :.:i.ndin 1946, t\Yo years before his o,vn death, Botto1nlcy \Vrotc to Bin yon is da ughtcr l\·Iargarct: "i\1u.st of the poets of Tny tin1c ,vcrc good to n1c; hut your father ,vas the kindest nnd the dearest.'' The lloscnbcrg project, covcrjng the four ye:1n~hct\vccn 1918 and r 92 z, strengthened the ties bct\vcen the t\vo ,vriters even n1orc. The first reference by Dotton1lyto any sort of post- hun1ous publishing venture oc:cnrs in a letter to Binyon of 6 August

191 8: ''l arn h~ppy . + • to hear you arc going to edit Tloscnbcrg; J have hoped very tnuch th::11:his j\i!SS \Vould con1c into your hands+i,

Upon .rcl'.e1vingthis supportive n1issivc1 llinyon journeyed north to "The Sheiling/' Botto111lcy'sC:l rnf ort h retreat in Lancashire, to discuss Iloscnbcrg n1attcrsl and upon his return to his duties in the Dc- partnicnt of Prints and Dra,vings ~t the British !\-luseum, Bottotn!ey

:.:~1 arn gratcfu l to D. R. J>crri~1n for hts cnurtesr jn 1naking these photogn1phs cl,;:~ibblc ro me. ~i\ll of iny quoradons fron1 the Botton,ley-Binyon correspondence ar£! fron1 the unpnhHshed Ilinyun ]Hpcrs in the hands of the fan1ily; I have referred to thcrn jn 1ny prdi1Hcna1·y ackno,dt.::dgcn1cnts abo\·e. Blake's circle ,v~s also Bottornlcy,s passion,

in 1915, 1-fo.lton and Truscott Sn1ith 1 Ltd, pubHshed Ilinyon's boo"k~Tbe r'ollo,u;ers of TI'i/Jfo.1u1Utrke: Ed11.h1rdCalvert, SmnueI I'abuer, Geiorge Ricl:n;un1d and Their Circle.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) Harvard Librtlr')'Bulletin

prorniscd in a letter of 17 Scptcn1bcr 1 9 l 8: "I ,,rill send Rosenberg's letters as soon as I can get then1 into order for you. It ,vas good of you to say I 111ightsend h1s dra,ving to have it repaired and properly 1nountcd. I f ce] jt is a great privilege to have jc done hy such expe- rienced hand:;, and under your eyes." · A little more than t,vo ,veeks later, Botto1nley ,vrote more fully regarding Rosenherg in a letter of 4 October:

,Tou know· my dis~bj]itics so I ha,rc been trusting you "\Youldnot think n1e negli- gent about H.osenberg1s ,ettcrs, I ,vas a-,vakc lnte ]:ist night genjng then1 ready for you; and I no,v send thc1n \Vith tni~. T ...-aluerherni and I trust you "\vill not lnind my hadng lettered thcn1 in chronologic:1 l order. l ~rn ::10:,·dou~to preser\'e thctn just as he sent thc[Tij and they ~re so fragn1cntary nnd dateless and dis- jointccl th:nt the only "~ayI could think of 1\ras to letter each envelope and its contents ,vith '3n identifying letteL It also scc1ned :is if that ,vou]d be the stn1- plest ,s:.·ayand the lcnst trouble.son1e one to you. I send you everything I bavc had from hin1 except still another state of uThe Daughters of ,,rar''; :.1 sn1all sket-ch of hin1self; and a rude \Vatcr-colour of a rather static flea-hunt, ,,·hich ,vould be e:1~ierto send under a different cover if yon required it. 0, yes, there are also three photo-cards of hin1

Correspondence about the project and its attendant difficulties v-.rcnt on for several ,vccks, and Deccn1ber, ahva3·s a difficult tin1c for

:is Thus he would be ,rery nc~r Botton1lcy 's ho1nc.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) ... -~_r"I Cartledge illfrrrn TV of YY urte Co - .. _ .... LEFI') . ... :\IE E ,·)· -, I : ~· 9 .l'F, _ l E:'ii..1R ... I. ...,_., • . : ... AT --·,- I • • ... ••••- I I 1 G -._ IC...'HCt ,. 'I , P I~ - 'I ,..~::.;..: ·-· • ·~ _ , ---~ ...,••M.i94 ,~-: PLATE .. - -1-1"", •• ,.- KNEEL t- ...... , SCHOOL ,+ ~-. I :-- .· , _illllf' ..,,,.. _..,_ I •• • . SLADE •. - . . I ";'~- _ • ROSE.NilERG , .... • • -.• 1111 - , .·_, --": , I I• • • • ,; • • •r• r ' • ,.. ..,. r. ISAAC ~. • , ( ...... _ ~-..,: _...: : • . • ... • _-1-._-' .... '~ . • • ,· ·- •••~.- ·• r ,,.,_ . . ,a · ·\ r ,n . /.~' • . ... - ·"7'1 ,.._, .. • '_ - • · ~- --. :,:·•·-. .... • ~>'·,i..) I, • ',r ...... -··~· ·~· ~~.:: . : .:.. _,.:.-,., . " . : ," ..... · · - ...... - ~,.. .· ..... ·r~ .• ......

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PLATE ,r1r GORDON BOTTO:i'.\IL EY RY SIR \\'fLLlAl\ l ROTHFNs·n~I)l' JN HJS 1',YENTY-TOUR 1-)0fiTRAlTS~ SECOND SERIE~ (1.oN[>ON; CIIAT1·0 & ,\~n-..Tnus, 19i 3)

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) ---· 7· ? fell ------~·-·· i ly world l . · le~1:1 nscr.-:1 ~s · i n t 6) g, k the T r.:. ernl n bTen.sh thj~bs, ~o J Btrong1h ,\·ee:n, lif n-iy r9 Koe-?ue pf hlt i111d· e~ grew op~. t ( v mu.:i. my mr he~ ~1 e·, yonr eJ l wonl m ~rn,El:Sa e •. n·o t to t i1 not panther) (l c-[3.nt,y, tl n Ahl tl1 young ii,gl'r sight, l \Yr,._. cloud k(! r.i bea.st ri my l:i .. h'i,' u. hcru.l t-0~;-..t, 1i 'PR.~sioncd t fitc r · nir frm: llpi en ~he g cm :\-·!05ES rou Fihetip, go, we-re my ]1 ks iSmoo your i 1..hiug u [ ts' my we-r~ flesh power. fil1 n t~wny y yon i lc1 di~y a if ft nl.)' . u. th ceB mino ill work or 0 . UFl l'OO of ptu.ras !:!lcw m1 wn. rri.ti ollerl R(!-, - of ptl t-h~ wou \Vi Ot\ a A G spl i n C,.Iy Thice cha~ I H y u u.~r.. l p~ · b fo's HAND way g a1ml t _ . _ ki~R Ii n.11 11 form . ~e xBd. mn Li bnckwnrd be ntal bi-.lmed l'lde U , ti h o.t ~rnny puko in new 1.trn ll rerl n-u ~m I.\ mas.tery hn~~ ns. not EJ.U _1::lim far 111 will ROSENBERG,S bnlmi1, Yf~1 the tlie. ng-e were were not W~Y 1 i::m Lum 110 :~ yon mnorou~ itR; my the l enl lf:I I ~l'"e J rm:1-:my EJ..t o..t h keep d1:1 l i e .AUTHori's ho-i::f! nould l 1i hi ~re! l _ n•o (l,l~ ~n \~ 1 r W Aor~ Tl1rob I \ Dnt ,r A Eeg Ilcu:1 It Or W Tb To 1. And y ·v.· _"\ 1 THE , _ 1~: \r11r COPY OF TSAAC PLATE .. ...;.• d LIBRARY CORRF.CTTONS wot•l me? ple-a:=i.nre. th'= or in of m~r,rel ? . · rk 1 n urmd ;-;tl'e,r:,h HOt;GHTOK 1 tlog? . gir~ll i:I ~. ra m :-:n · l i1 r.t imttry CO:"fTArNTh'"C t.orpor r a the o them, ., c~ ok· 1 n. i.o lOV(:!. t .. THE rot. s tlrn i time s 1 emen in in god or wb cncrg-y.. lorm~~ AIL"i<:at1 to in ,., clrm1,,min~ o( we:n gleaming I l forest stupid wilc.l ng wolf ,..ttth groo,c- .,.., j cry hn,tUe, the bolly lrn.:m~.;is d rcfin t free, R11ng not. voic.1 l keil its· n:ro 11. .and n~tm·e g FROI\I rny r-,. is n. ~u hi~ t,lie in cu the 1~1 _ l'O thon· vetus mim;c nallcJ ~s begm es ia. in ain E ve,n:3 than [I;. still ~u:morptws W 1dt-atiot" .spirit b~ A or lyiil Sin""fn{"!I- a on.ked r bmJ ft.(1 u::;;t tlw g.ter~ 0 h RnJ mo pries hors-a my ttered a.clled only h rny iio~ an1.1 one orfnm PAGCS to mind is song ur.,- fill la bl-! or p j mar1c c~1ft.11g-ed ::1 I a. t the th 1m m al, ea~y llnt t tone soul ia.smfl. anstrous li ]freedom, n.:=: R.d this ics me. s11 ! fury e :;;.;ick ha~ di m rigi h pu~l'"~ficn.tion rn a.n h t .mn.n rlraiIJed ox.ious a t!i fln~b utteres~ o lad 10 fu eard a i - ere not n.tn bTI 11 Break orEJ n 1 • Of Umlerstoou. To I This As TJ1fo Is \\-~~ "\Vho And·put 1 Only Whm1 Wilh I Discn \Vl lb. .An And fl 1.loses But And 11 For ls .6

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) l saacRosenberg and Gord on Bott 0111le:,i

l~otto111lcy,found hin1 in a Jo,v 11100d; on the ninth he confessed to Binyon:

I an1 bothered about. Rosenberg. I have several dmes taken l.lp his l\1SS to sec

,vhat could be done ·,vith thcn1 1 so :.:1.sto present him ,vith ad\rant-agc, but ies difficult nnd I rca1ly need a spcH of leisure for the joh ,vhjch l an1 not 1ikc1y to get. 1 nrn ,vondcring if you \\'ou ld be ,vHHng to tnke on the job of selecting and arranging, if I contributed :1 brief sort of memoir by ,,,.ay of preface? 29 It ,vould be a-,vfully goo

take ns to the printed pamphlets+ \.'l ould you select f ro1n these 1 or publish only un pd nt cd n1a er er? 1 ·hey c r1nn o t }rnv c 111u ch circ u iati on, one ,vou ld inrngin c, nnd sonic of the shorter pocn1s jn then1 have his qualities.

In the spring follo,ving, Ilotton1lcy includcd a progress report in -a Jong letter he sent to Binyon reg-a.rding Binyon's "Alexander's B~c- chanal" - "You hit 111y in1agin~tion in the go1d Yviththat ... n The letter.., dated 2 2 lVlarch 1919~ concluded BS f ollo,vs: I an1 much afndd you have Jong been expecting to· hear of my progress ,vith Rusen licrg~s l\1SS. I liavc beeil 111uchhampered by the n1inor burdens ,vhich a ba

--: As the co.i:-r~sponclcnec 1110,·csfonv~rd, ,\·e can undnrsrnnd \vhy at the end the overburdened Tiinyon had to \\'rite it.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) Harvard LibrnrJ1 BuJ/etiu being no\v to he rnck]ed, 111ayupset the lrnla.ncel had nearly attained. So I hope you ,von't tHind n1y being a little longer than even I h::ul n1cmlt to be. . . A]so I feel 1 ought hl do llo~enberg before I thi1ll{of n1y o,vn ,vork. I l)ave now· hired a t ypc,vritcr, hcnvever, and n1y ,vjfe is helping n1e by n1e:an~of it; so n1y clear copy h; hcing nHtn~ged by nJy being able to be ~r hand ,vhile the typing is going ont and I hope you \vill see it before long.

Prccise]y t,vo llHJnths 1ate1-~on 2 2 J\,lay 1919i Botto111lcyreports good progress and gives son1c idea of his \\'orlcing n1cthods (I ciuote only a sanipling of these ns I shall dca] ,vith the details of editorial procedure in -another study of the con1plcxiticsof lloscnbcrg's n1anuscripts and their final pri ntcd versions in r 92 2 and 193 7) : ·

1 have found Rosenberg a difficuk pr0Llcn1, though; so often have I con1e upon thing~ th~t de] ight 111eand yet the pocn1 in ,vhich they ,vcre irnbcddcd proved incnoatc or incon1prehensible! and I could not sec ho\"v to inc]udc it. I send you rny selection "\\Tithdiffidence and 111isgIving; I have struggled ,vilh printers! errors and illegible pencillings in the hope of getting the text c]earer; bur 1 an1 not , ..cry ,vc11satisfied ;,\•ith the upshot of n1y h bour"!and 1 shall be g1ad if you ":-ill consider it under rc,,ision ~nd reg~rrl it as crttici1Uy as possib]e. I ha,'e included all the \Var-pocn1siI thought they n1ight hnve value as docun1c.nts if not ahvays ~s poetry. . . . [-a] fragn1cnt, for instance ( ,vhich] along '"ith t\\'O othcrsi I cxtr:lcl'rd fro1n Rosenberg's letters to n1c)~ so clc~rly tells of our rncn's fccJing \,·hen our ar111yhad its firsc successes and hopes. But I hope you \Vill prune jf you think I have inc]uded too 1nuch. Tile ine(1ualitics of -~Njght and Day,, ( the specific poen1, not the ,\~holeparnph]et) secn1ed to obscure the very good things it c:onrnins, nnd r3sR. hi1nself, in his snhsequenr pamphlets] ~e.t rhe exan1ple of breaking it upJ l thought 1 rnight j usri fiably f olhnv. l hnve for the n1ost part not interfered "'jth R.'s text, S:1\'Cto correct n printer's error of ,vhich

l ,v~s ~n~rctor ( and rnther f rc(1ucntly i I ~nu afraid) to systcrn~ti:r.e and cbrmfy the puncn.wt1nn. ..

By the early part of January 1920 Iliny-onhad agreed to do the introduction, as Botto 111Icy , v rrs again ex pcrienc ing n do, v ns\vi n g in his health, yet he n1anaged to deal ,vith the practic-a.lside of the enterprise (Jllite cflicientJy. HI think I sent you/' he ,vrote on 2 2 January, 11 the sister,s letter offering to find 1noncy to,vard the cost of publication? ]f not I n1ust hunt for it and let you have it soon." I-Io,,revcr, as the year ,vorc on, Bottornlcy grc\V \Vorse - on 1 l October he Ja,nented: H.ivly progress is not steady, the 1ncdicine n1an ,varns rnc to expect set-backs, and both lin1hs and lung :lre flah hy ,vith ]ong ll 11derf eeding." 1-Ie js sustained by re-re~ding Rosenherg"s-fir~t poems ,Yith the quality of ,;:early ardourn but he is clear]y not functioning even up to his o,-vn ful1est capacity.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) lsttac Rosenberg a1JdGordon Botto111ley

By I~cbruary of 19111 Bottoinlcy had been reduced to a state of pas- si\,..cdesperation, as Rosenherg ,vas beginning to be nucice

the end of l\1arch; and that if, by then 1 there i.s still no hope of 1ny iinish1ng1 that I should retire in fft1 ..our of a better man. But if you think I ought to retire no,v 1 shall feel sure that ,vould be hcttcr as ,veil as a load off my.. rnind .

Rinyon 1 ho\vevcr, ,vas n1osrencouraging, and Botto1nlcy strngg1cd on; his n1ood,a f e,v days 1atcr on 9 i\Iarch, ,vas much elevated:

I send many 1 many thanks for your letting me have cxa.ct1yeverythh1g I 't\'antcd 1 and so speedi]y... I have everything no,v for the final arrangement - unless 1 Alrs. \Vynick ups and discovers some more. r •• \:\ hat a sL1perbpiece of luck for lI einen1ann to turn up l,kc that and snv·c us al1 bother. I hrn·e no doubt that ,ve o,ve it to your nan1c. I suppose one h:is to die to get such chances for onc 1s. "'ork?· ... l should be pleased to he \Vorking ,vith I-fs1 ,,, ould they rjsc to s 1 fe,v reproductions of Isaac Ros:enherg s dra,vings 1 as ,ve11cis a portrait or t'\vo, do you think? 30 It is dear and good and generous- of you1 and altogether you,

w The l92 2 edition cont.:1ined no drs~dngs by Rosenberg but it did offer -as a frontispiece a fine photogr~phic study in ,vhich the eye~.. as in Bomberg)s dra\vjng 1 con1mand the face. The 1937 edition of Collected lVorks, cited f rcquentl}' in this ~rddc, did contain rn~Il}'1·cprnductions of clra,~·ingsand n1uch nc,v poetic rnaterial. Unfortunatcl}\ Bottomley 1s kncrs to H:1rding do not survive, hut one n1ay :iu.~pr::ct that it ,vas not really a hardship for Botton1lcy\ ,rho begnn to enjoy excellent health [Is; he appto

tions of Ro.senL l! rg\; re vis ions. J\1uc h I Hl u L:h ear Iier j n his Hf c, B ottorn le y had clsserte d to Sturgc l\1core that 1'thc 1norc a 111anis able to ,vork on a thing, adding ne,v layers

of tissue to the extent of rernouldi11g 1 the greater man is he .... if I work on a thing beyond a certriin ttn~ion the sore place in tny lung begins to eject a d-a.ngcrous ~nd blood purulence . . it is 11recisely the fret ~nd torment of brain that co1nes \Vjth recasting that disables. me rtlost quickly .. _.,i {London 1 Prh·a~c Collection 1 letter of

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) 268 Hnrvnrd Library B1,lleti11 to ,vant n1e to have your .share of 3rl}' rc1nuneration, but I think ,,reought to divide anything that accrues, as it cnm-c by you in the first place~ But ho" 1 much ,vi 11con1 e our , vay? 1 sup pose rh c 1nother tat::es l. R. 1s csta.re - as he pre.s.u m- ab 1y died intestate; so that, even if the ngrcernen.t is not n1adc ,vith hcri \Ve shall be linble to her? I suppose one has a cbhn for al[ this backaching palaeography; ,vrjtjng poetry for one~e]f i~-far easier. Ilut to tell the truth, ,vhcn I fell in --..vith your suggestion 1 did so bec~usc I thought it i.\ 1.ould ha,·c pleased the poor hoy and that he ,vould hnve thought I should so1nctjn1e.skno,v ,,·h11fhe ,vantcd to say; and I believed that no one \VOtdd get a penny out uf it, ,vhi1e there ,vou ld be a publisher to pay into the harg~i n. So ,vhatcvcr happens I sha11not be dis- appointed.

On 7 1\1:iy192 1, Bottomley announced jn triumph: ''I have ~t last rca11yfinished lloscnhcrg.'' The final proofs arrived early in J8UtHlry 192 2 on the eleventh, Ilotton1lcy ,vrote to Binyon of them ~nd of the gratitude and admiration Binyon had expressed rcg::irdingBottonl- Jcy's Iahors:

. . thanking you for the llusen berg proofs, ,\rhich l "·el corned saf e]y in An1- bcrly-. 1 ,,·ish I could n1akc a picture to te11you th'1.t your letter means a great deal to rne, for \Vhat ,vords I lrnve are not adequate. I ohvays find~ at the bot- ton1 of tny heart, that the con1n1cndation J n1ost long for, and that ,varn1~ and iustig:Hcs and is tre::isured by n1c n1osti is that of the men ,vho ,vcrc just before me, \\rho \Vere in their first light of nchieven1ent ,vhen I began to \Vant to achieve: jt \Vfl~ they ,vho, unconsciously to n1e~ set the srnndards \\'h1ch ,vere to be n1inc for good~ and by rhdr cxatnple egged me on: .... you published your first hook in the year in ,vhich 1 hcgan scrious]y to try to ,vrite ....

And on 2 1 February, ,vhen there had been some threat of deferred publication - this soon cv::1poratcd and the book did appear that year - Botto1nlc)T\Vas in the position to quiet Ilinyon: '(.... the n1ain thing being·rbat \Ve have done our duty by the dead soldier.''

The Houghton Library ]etters fron1 Botton1lcy to Rothenstein ai

30 November 19r4) Bottomley's bc1icf.,enundated in the first part of the quotation, remained constant; the ref crcn ccs to his o\vn personal di ffi cul ti cs j n rev j sion did not ~pp!y in late nliddle age, so that ,vhcn lie prepared copy for the 1937 edition. his u\\'"ll \Vork \Vas no Jongea· pro\.Tingsuch a great straint ~nd he cou]d dc:al \vjth rie\v Rosen- berg. n1atcr jals "'1 t b gr~a tc r equanimity . .u It is not kno,Yn ,vhether Rothen!;tcin ever knc,.Yof the extent of Is~ac Rosen- berg's admiration for hi1n. l-3:ctold hes South African audje11cc in l? r4 that ' 1Rothen- stejn~s picture of 'The 1)olt 1s Housc"r is very beaudf ui and haunting 1r; ~nd in 1916 he ,vrore to l\·larsh: uTh:ink you for sho\,·ing 1ny thing to Rotl1enstein. I value his

1 praise yery 111uch." ( Collected TITorkf~ pp. i 5 3 and .,11)

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) IsaacRoseuberg and Gordon Botto1uley ,vere the prelude to the Bottornley·-Binyon collaboraLion. They are in1portant because they underscore Botton1]ey's selfless relationship ,vith Rosenberg and because they arc apparently the first letters to have survived fro1n 13otton11cyto anyone during the period of his grief for Rosenberg's senseless death~ The second of the t,vo letters antedates by three months Bottornley) s first letter to BinJ•on '"vhich resulted in the , 92 2 edition. Both of Botton1ley's letters \Vere ,vritten fro111~'The Shciling/' Dutton1ley~s retreat of ''ren1ote banislunent'l near C:lrnforth. The first, dated 9 1\1:1.y191 8, a little n1ore than a n1onth after Rosen- berg had been killed, contains :t general ]an1ent for Eng1ish genius 111 art ~n1dletters: Our tn1gcdy see1ns to me that the art of receivjng art h~s been so long dis- couraged. There can ne,Ter have been a greater ,vaste of genius than Engfond hns seen it1 the bst seventy yenrs or .so- men encouraged to be less than they

might ha,Tebeen 1 Jike Miilais and Kipling; neglected nnd driven into preciosity, Jike llossetti; \fasted like [Alfred J Stevens; encouraged for the ,vrong th.ingst JikeRro\vning, stultified 11)· n1isp]accd veneration, like Tennyson. Significantly, the painful subject of Rosenbergls very recent death does not surface; the only reference to hin1 is in the last ]ine of the letter: "I hope to send Rosenbcrg:s pacnphlcts in a day or But in his Jetter of 28 J\11ay, he d,vells only on Rosenberg,. and sun1s up all that Rosenberg had signified for hin1. Botton1leyts subsequent rescue of nluch of Rosenberg's \Vork \vhich ,vould have been con- signed to ob] ivion, and his energetic pron1otion of ltoscnbcrg,s reputa- tion n1ust be understood against the background of this letter: At Jast I send the t,i.·o Ettle pan1phlets ,\•hich "\\rerc, I bclic,rci the only f orn1s in ,vhich Isaac Rosenberg ever sa,v pocn1s of his in print.i 2 I am sure they ,viH . appeal to your generous and uns:tinccd sympathy ,vith young artists+ I never met hin1, and yet his death 1nakcs rne sadder than 111orepersonal losses, even, have done. He had a long ,vay to go before his strange nnd rare frna.gina- cive energy could h~vc been con1pletely under hi$ o\\rn control; hut the poten- tialities seem to lnc to hove been all there~ and the }oss is in1111c:1surablc~It 111:akes n1e '18 n1iseral)lc ~s any personal misfortune could doj to think that he mjght have done soB1cthing far more ina.gnificcnt ,vith the material of the Bible~ to the glorif yjng of ]~nglish poetry, than any Englmshnmnhus done jn the past~ and yet it n1ust he all lost no,,·.

t::: This j s of course in corn~ ct. As. Bot ton1l cy proceed cd \1/ j th the editing of Rosen- b crg 's ,;.vorks, ha\\'Ct'crt he dre\\' up a correct uil,liography+ 1"hc first pan1phlet fron1 -..vhichhe quotes in the letter js i\1ares; the second is Youth.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) .....

HarvardLi hrary B11lletin

Such things as the spEech on p. 6 ending icAntl rnan's mind in a groove"! rind the 11Ahl J(ocluel" on the next page [Pfatc \ 7111] have n1ore than pron1isc in their energy of thought and ]ovel1ness; and so ha vc "If you are fire'' flnd uThc One Lose" in t~1c other pamphlet. Fhtshes fro1n a stilJ nascent and kind]ing corei they ghre n1c that dc.~p.airat the thought of beauty lost ,-vhcn \vithin reach that such rhjngs ~s the fragrnents of Chns:serfou)sburnt f rescocs give 1ne. P]ease keep the pn1nph1ets: I h~ve other copies.

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975) CONTRIBUTORS TO TI-IIS ISSUE

l\-1AkCl A 1\ r..1.F:.KT1J CK is l\ ssoc iate Prof cs.sor of English tl.t The City Colleget N e\v Yorkt and ,rj5iting FeHo,v of ,JFoifson College, Oxford University; her Co]urn- bia University dissertation ( q 164) \Vas on Henry Fuscli, and published articles include contributions to the January 197 r ond Ju1y r972 jssues of the HARYARU

LTBkAllY ]h; LLETJN I

\''1LT.rAl\.1 "\.V.Fi::.i.::., a budget cxmnincr in the Office of i\1ani.gcmcnt and Budget, Executive Office of the President, in 'i\'ashingto1_1, is the iuthor of se-veral a rti c lcs on l\·1i lton.

J\ilAn r-:rs l NF. Ro,vs E GLEASON., former 1\ 7 an j nst:ructol' in G enn::i.n at Srnit h College, is Editor of the l-l(tr1Ntrd 1-Jistoric.ttlStudies ~nd 1l1onograp/Js.

lV1LBUR ·K 1Tc11F.NF.R JoRDANi I ..eroy B. '''illiams Professor of I-Iistory an

C1:CTL 1A I-IE.LI:::'-i A p AYNE-G"A POSCH KJ N i 5 Phi 11irs p I of essor of Astr un OTll y' Euler j_ ta, at 1-farvard; her pubHshedbooks include Stellar r1tn1ospheres ( 1q2. 5). T/Je Stars of 1-ligb L11'!11inosity( 1930)., Jl'ariableStars & Galactic Stntctures (l954), Stnrs iu tbe Afaking ( 1951), Introduction ta Asttonon1y ( 1954; 2nd ed.i 197o), and Tb£ Galactic !--.,7or:.x1e ( 195 7; ind ed., 1964).

ROGER THor..-Ii-isoN, Senior Lecturer in An1edcan Hi5;tory in the University of East Anglia~ is the author of H' onu~ni11 Stuart Engfond aud A1nericaiA Cou1- parnti-veStudy ( 19i 4).

R ..\YJ\'l.OND UnnAN is the author of an i\-1.A.thesis (19;4) at the University of Nonh Catolina~Ch~pel Hill, ent1t]cd ~'The Text, l\1caning, and Orjgin of tTon1 oi Bc

Harvard University - Houghton Library / Harvard University. Harvard Library bulletin. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Library. Volume XXIII, Number 3 (July 1975)