FAMILY Myliobatidae Bonaparte, 1835 - eagle rays [=Depressi?, Myliobatini] Notes: Spelling in prevailing recent practice Depressi? Jarocki, 1822:426, 429 [ref. 4984] (family) ? Myliobatis [no stem of the type , not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Myliobatini Bonaparte, 1835:[2] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) Myliobatis [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; stem emended to Myliobatid- by Steyskal 1980:171 [ref. 14191] , confirmed by Nakaya in Masuda, Amaoka, Araga, Uyeno & Yoshino 1984:16 [ref. 6441] and by Kottelat 2013b:29 [ref. 32989 Nelson 1976:46 [ref. 32838], Eschmeyer 1998:2451 [ref. 23416], Compagno 1999:40 [ref. 25589] and Nelson 2006:81 [ref. 32486] used Myliobat- as stem]

GENUS Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908 - eagle rays [=Aetomylaeus Garman [S.], 1908:252, Myliobatis Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.], 1817:Pl. 26, Pteromylaeus Garman [S.], 1913:437] Notes: [ref. 1543]. Masc. Myliobatus maculatus Gray, 1834. Type by original designation. Misspelled Aetomyleus in Zoological Record for 1908. Correct spelling for genus of type species is Myliobatis. •Valid as Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908 -- (Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:16 [ref. 6441], Cappetta 1987:171 [ref. 6348], Nishida 1990:98 [ref. 19783], Compagno & Last 1999:1511 [ref. 24637], Compagno et al. 2005:78 [ref. 29145], Allen et al. 2006:206 [ref. 29002], White et al. 2010:141 [ref. 30856]). Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908. Myliobatidae. (Myliobatis) [ref. 4184]. Fem. Myliobatis bovina Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817. Type by subsequent designation. Plates 18-27 apparently published in 1817 (see Taylor 1985 [ref. 6640]). Type designated by Fowler 1911:84 [ref. 6398]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816. •In the synonymy of Pteromylaeus Garman, 1913 -- (White 2014:157 [ref. 33490]). •Synonym of Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908. Myliobatidae. (Pteromylaeus) [ref. 1545]. Masc. Myliobatis asperrimus Gilbert, 1898. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1920:548 [ref. 4905]. •Valid as Pteromylaeus Garman, 1913 -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:74 [ref. 7167], Compagno 1986:133 [ref. 5648], Compagno 1999:498 [ref. 25589], White et al. 2010:141 [ref. 30856], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34398]). •Synonym of Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908 -- (White 2014:150 [ref. 33490]). Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus Garman, 1908.

Species Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, in Jordan & Evermann, 1898) - rough [=Myliobatis asperrimus Gilbert [C. H.], in Jordan & Evermann, 1898:2754] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Panama. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Panama and Galapagos Islands. Habitat: marine.

Species Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817) - [=Myliobatis bovina Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.], 1817:no page number, Pl. 26 (fig. 1), Myliobatis bonaparti Duméril [A. H. A.], 1865:635, Myliobates episcopus Valenciennes [A.], 1844:98, Pl. 24] Notes: [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Off Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean: Spain to Mozambique. Habitat: brackish, marine. (bonaparti) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 1; ref. 1150] Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea; Canary Islands, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Myliobatidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (episcopus) [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Canary Islands; Algiers, Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus bovinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817). Myliobatidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus White et al., 2015 - bluebanded eagle ray [=Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus White [W. T.], Last [P. R.] & Baje [L.], 2015:[5], Figs. 2-5a, 6-7, 11-12] Notes: [Ichthyological Research v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 33897] Bay south of Eagle Point anchorage, Western Australia, 16°14.73'S, 124°23.71'E, depth 10-15 meters. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus caeruleofasciatus White, Last & Baje, 2015. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Northern Australia and southern New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

Species Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834) - mottled eagle ray [=Myliobatus maculatus Gray [J. E.], 1834:no page number, Pl. 101] Notes: [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] Penang, Malaysia. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1834). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841) - brown eagle ray [=Myliobatis milvus Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], (ex Valenciennes), 1841:178, Myliobates oculeus Richardson [J.], 1846:198] Notes: [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Red Sea; Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: India east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine. (oculeus) [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Sea of China; Canton, China. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle, 1841). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - [=Raja niehofii Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:364 (579), Myliobates nieuhofi var. cornifera Annandale [N.], 1909:52, Pl. 2 (fig. 4), Raja fasciata Shaw [G.], 1804:286, Pl. 143, Aetomylus huletti Smith [J. L. B.], 1953:513, Fig. 77a] Notes: [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] East Indies. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine. (cornifera) [Memoirs of the Indian Museum v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 126] Bay of Bengal, Balasore, Orissa Coast, India. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. (fasciata) [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] No locality. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. (huletti) [The sea fishes of southern Africa. Revised enlarged edition; ref. 19760] Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Myliobatidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852) - [=Myliobatis vespertilio Bleeker [P.], 1852:85, Aetobatus reticulatus Teng [H.-T.], 1962:252, Fig. 71] Notes: [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 12); ref. 333] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Current status: Valid as Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1852). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine. (reticulatus) [Classification and distribution of the of Taiwan; ref. 12623] Keelung, northern Taiwan. Current status: Synonym of Aetomylaeus vespertilio (Bleeker, 1851). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816 - eagle rays [=Myliobatis Cuvier [G.] (ex Duméril), 1816:137, Holorhinus Gill [T. N.], 1862:331, Myliobates Schinz [H. R.] (ex Dumeril), 1822:234, 832] Notes: [ref. 993]. Fem. Raja aquila Linnaeus, 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated first by Bory de Saint-Vincent, v. 14, 1828:449 [ref. 3853] (see Whitley 1935:137 [ref. 6396], but designated on p. 449 and not p. 499 as given by Whitley). •Valid as Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816 -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:74 [ref. 7167], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:16 [ref. 6441], Compagno 1986:133 [ref. 5648], Cappetta 1987:172 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:49 [ref. 12442], Nishida 1990:98 [ref. 19783], Gomon et al. 1994:184 [ref. 22532], Compagno & Last 1999:1513 [ref. 24637], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:579 [ref. 26985], Aguiar et al. 2004:1 [ref. 27571], Compagno et al. 2005:79 [ref. 29145], Allen et al. 2006:208 [ref. 29002], Gomon 2008:142 [ref. 30616], White et al. 2010:141 [ref. 30856]). Current status: Valid as Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816. Myliobatidae. (Holorhinus) [ref. 1668]. Masc. Rhinoptera vespertilio Girard, 1856. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Myliobatis Cuvier 1816 -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:74 [ref. 7167], Cappetta 1987:172 [ref. 6348]). Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816. Myliobatidae. (Myliobates) [ref. 3926]. Masc. Raja aquila Linnaeus, 1758. Regarded as an incorrect subsequent spelling for Myliobatis Cuvier [appeared in latinized form in Cuvier 1816 [ref. 993]; Schinz work being a translation of Cuvier 1816]. Not available. •In the synonymy of Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis Cuvier, 1816. Myliobatidae.

Species Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758) - spotted eagle ray [=Raja aquila Linnaeus [C.], 1758:232, Raia aquila Stephan [C. F.], 1779:19, Myliobatis cervus Smith [J. L. B.], 1935:169, Fig. 1, Myliobatis noctula Bonaparte [C. L.], 1833:fasc. 2, punt. 11, Pl. 159, Raia obtusirostris Cabrera [A.], Pérez [L.] & Haenseler [F.], 1817:12, Raia obtusirostris Cabrera, Pérez [A.] & Haenseler [F.], in Graells, 1887:186] Notes: [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea and Northeastern Atlantic [original: "in Mari Mediterraneo"]; localities include Aquitaine, France, Bay of Biscay, Northeastern Atlantic; Genoa, Rome and Naples, Italy; Lesbos, Greece; Syria, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758). Myliobatidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Portugal to South Africa, straying to southern North Sea; southwestern Indian Ocean: South Africa and western Mascarenes. Habitat: marine. (aquila) [De rajis, schediasma primum; ref. 18818] Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. (cervus) [Records of the Albany Museum Grahamstown v. 4; ref. 4066] Knysna, Cape Province, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. (noctula) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 516] Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. (obtusirostris) [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758). Myliobatidae. (obtusirostris) [Revista de los Progresos de las Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Madrid v. 22 (no. 3); ref. 30438] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis aquila (Linnaeus, 1758). Myliobatidae. Species Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881 - Australian bull ray [=Myliobatis australis Macleay [W.], 1881:380] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 6222] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865 - bat ray [=Myliobatis californicus Gill [T. N.], 1865:137, Rhinoptera encenadae Smith [R.], 1886:220, Rhinoptera vespertilio Girard [C. F.], 1856:137] Notes: [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 8 (art. 13); ref. 1712] Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (encenadae) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 563); ref. 18640] Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. (vespertilio) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1809] Tomales Bay, California, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis californica Gill, 1865. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis chilensis Philippi, 1892 - Chilean eagle ray [=Myliobatis chilensis Philippi [R. A.], 1892:6, Pl. 3 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Anales del Museo Nacional de Chile. Primera seccion, Zoología No. 3; ref. 22759] Quinteros, Chile. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis chilensis Philippi, 1892. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur, 1824 - bullnose ray [=Myliobatis freminvillii Lesueur [C. A.], 1824:111] Notes: [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 4 (pt 1); ref. 17520] Howland's Bay, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis freminvillei Lesueur, 1824. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic, from Cape Cod to southern Brazil. Habitat: brackish, marine.

Species Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885 - southern eagle ray [=Myliobatis goodei Garman [S.], 1885:39] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 482); ref. 14445] Central America. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis goodei Garman, 1885. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Worldwide in warm seas. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911 - purple eagle ray [=Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby [J. D.], 1911:40] Notes: [Annals of the Queensland Museum No. 10; ref. 3290] Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964 - snouted eagle ray [=Myliobatis longirostris Applegate [S. P.] & Fitch [J. E.], 1964:189, Figs. 1-3] Notes: [California Fish and Game v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 1044] Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis longirostris Applegate & Fitch, 1964. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis peruvianus Garman, 1913 - Peruvian eagle ray [=Myliobatis peruvianus Garman [S.], 1913:430, Pls. 36 (4-6), 55 (8), 73 (2)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Callao, Peru. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis peruvianus Garman, 1913. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis ridens Ruocco et al., 2012 - shortnose eagle ray [=Myliobatis ridens Ruocco [N. L.], Lucifora [L. O.], Díaz de Astarloa [J. M.], Mabragaña [E.] & Delpiani [S. M.], 2012:866, Fig. 1, 2, 5, 7A, 8] Notes: [Zoological Studies V. 51 (no. 6); ref. 32313] Bahía Samborombón, San Clemente del Tuyu, Argentina. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis ridens Ruocco, Lucifora, Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña & Delpiani, 2012. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Argentina. Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877 - New Zealand eagle ray [=Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector [J.], 1877:468, Pl. 10, Myliobatis australis Macleay [W.], 1881:380] Notes: [Transactions New Zealand Institute v. 9 (art. 62); ref. 14244] Wellington Harbor, New Zealand. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (australis) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 6222] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis tenuicaudatus Hector, 1877. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand (if valid). Habitat: marine.

Species Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854 - Japanese eagle ray [=Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker [P.], 1854:425, Myliobatis cornuta Günther [A.], 1870:490] Notes: [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6; ref. 13964] Nagasaki, Japan. Current status: Valid as Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854. Myliobatidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine. (cornuta) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Japan. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis tobijei Bleeker, 1854. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine. ************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Ictaetus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1815:93 [ref. 3584]. Not available, name only; for a ray. Myliobatidae.

Myliobates Agassiz [L.], 1843:Pl. D [ref. 13390]. Masc. Name only, not available; also preoccupied by Myliobates Schinz, 1822 in fishes if available. Myliobatidae.

(species)

Myliobatis bispinosus Storer [D. H.], 1842:53 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 1 (1841-1844); ref. 18828] Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype: MCZ 89509 (tail and part of jaws; missing). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Myliobatis cyclura van Hasselt [J. C.], 1823:316 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar I Deel (no. 20); ref. 4513] Not available, no distinguishing features, from Java (see Alfred 1961:82 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:369 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:90 [ref. 5104]. Myliobatidae.

Myliobatis episcopus Ninni [A. P.] (ex Chiereghini), 1872:31 [Rivista critica delle specie dei pesci adriatici descritti nell'opera manoscritta dell'Ab. Stefano Chiereghini di Chioggia.; ref. 17995] Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Chiereghini manuscript name Raja episcopus and description quoted by Ninni and treated as a valid species Myliobatis episcopus; but recognized by him as preoccupied (and objectively invalid) by Myliobates episcopus Valenciennes, 1844. Current status: Synonym of Myliobatis. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Myliobatis jussieui Cuvier [G.], 1829:401 [Le Règne (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Brazil. Holotype (unique): ?MNHN 0000-3476 (dry). Brief description and citation to "Juss. Ac. des Sc., 1721, pl. iv, f. 12" [Jussieu, Mém. Ac. Sci. Paris 1721 (1723): Pl. 4, fig. 12]. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Myliobatis margravi Billberg [G. J.], 1833:51 [Linnéska Samfundets Handlingar v. 1 (for 1832); ref. 34146] Swedish west coast. No types known. •Nomen nudum -- (Kullander 2016:112 [ref. 34147]). Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Myliobatis rhombus Basilewsky [S.], 1855:250 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Mare orientali et meridiano, northern China. Holotype or syntypes: ZIN 5747 (1). •Questionably valid as Myliobatis rhombus Basilewsky, 1855 -- (Compagno 1999:498 [ref. 25589]). Current status: Uncertain as Myliobatis rhombus Basilewsky, 1855. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.

Myliobatis vultur Müller [J.] & Henle [F. G. J.], 1841:179 [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1953.8.10.17. Myliobatidae. Habitat: marine.