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Echoes of Memory Volume 9
Echoes of Memory Volume 9 CONTENTS JACQUELINE MENDELS BIRN MICHEL MARGOSIS The Violins of Hope ...................................................2 In Transit, Spain ........................................................ 28 RUTH COHEN HARRY MARKOWICZ Life Is Good ....................................................................3 A Letter to the Late Mademoiselle Jeanne ..... 34 Sunday Lunch at Charlotte’s House ................... 36 GIDEON FRIEDER True Faith........................................................................5 ALFRED MÜNZER Days of Remembrance in Rymanow ..................40 ALBERT GARIH Reunion in Ebensee ................................................. 43 Flory ..................................................................................8 My Mother ..................................................................... 9 HALINA YASHAROFF PEABODY Lying ..............................................................................46 PETER GOROG A Gravestone for Those Who Have None .........12 ALFRED TRAUM A Three-Year-Old Saves His Mother ..................14 The S.S. Zion ...............................................................49 The Death Certificate That Saved Vienna, Chanukah 1938 ...........................................52 Our Lives ..................................................................................... 16 SUSAN WARSINGER JULIE KEEFER Bringing the Lessons Home ................................. 54 Did He Know I Was Jewish? ...................................18 Feeling Good ...............................................................55 -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945. -
Whose Hi/Story Is It? the U.S. Reception of Downfall
Whose Hi/story Is It? The U.S. Reception of Downfall David Bathrick Before I address the U.S. media response to the fi lm Downfall, I would like to mention a methodological problem that I encountered time and again when researching this essay: whether it is possible to speak of reception in purely national terms in this age of globalization, be it a foreign fi lm or any other cultural artifact. Generally speaking, Bernd Eichinger’s large-scale production Downfall can be considered a success in America both fi nancially and critically. On its fi rst weekend alone in New York City it broke box-offi ce records for the small repertory movie theater Film Forum, grossing $24,220, despite its consider- able length, some two and a half hours, and the fact that it was shown in the original with subtitles. Nationally, audience attendance remained unusually high for the following twelve weeks, compared with average fi gures for other German fi lms made for export markets.1 Downfall, which grossed $5,501,940 to the end of October 2005, was an unequivocal box-offi ce hit. One major reason for its success was certainly the content. Adolf Hit- ler, in his capacity as star of the silver screen, has always been a suffi cient This article originally appeared in Das Böse im Blick: Die Gegenwart des Nationalsozialismus im Film, ed. Margrit Frölich, Christian Schneider, and Karsten Visarius (Munich: edition text und kritik, 2007). 1. The only more recent fi lm to earn equivalent revenue was Nirgendwo in Afrika. -
Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East
Kiev 1941 In just four weeks in the summer of 1941 the German Wehrmacht wrought unprecedented destruction on four Soviet armies, conquering central Ukraine and killing or capturing three-quarters of a million men. This was the battle of Kiev – one of the largest and most decisive battles of World War II and, for Hitler and Stalin, a battle of crucial importance. For the first time, David Stahel charts the battle’s dramatic course and after- math, uncovering the irreplaceable losses suffered by Germany’s ‘panzer groups’ despite their battlefield gains, and the implications of these losses for the German war effort. He illuminates the inner workings of the German army as well as the experiences of ordinary soldiers, showing that with the Russian winter looming and Soviet resistance still unbroken, victory came at huge cost and confirmed the turning point in Germany’s war in the east. David Stahel is an independent researcher based in Berlin. His previous publications include Operation Barbarossa and Germany’s Defeat in the East (Cambridge, 2009). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 Kiev 1941 Hitler’s Battle for Supremacy in the East David Stahel Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sat Dec 22 18:00:30 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139034449 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107014596 c David Stahel 2012 This publication is in copyright. -
Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, Demolition and Berlin's Difficult Subterranean Heritage
Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, demolition and Berlin’s difficult subterranean heritage BENNETT, Luke <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-3755> Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24085/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version BENNETT, Luke (2019). Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, demolition and Berlin’s difficult subterranean heritage. Geographia Polonica, 92 (1). Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, demolition and Berlin’s difficult subterranean heritage Luke Bennett Reader in Space, Place & Law, Department of the Natural & Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Norfolk 306, Howard St, Sheffield, S1 1WB, United Kingdom. [email protected] Abstract This article presents a case study examining the slow-death of the Berlin Führerbunker since 1945. Its seventy year longitudinal perspective shows how processes of ruination, demolition and urban renewal in central Berlin have been affected by materially and politically awkward relict Nazi subterranean structures. Despite now being a buried pile of rubble, the Führerbunker’s continued resonance is shown to be the product of a heterogeneous range of influences, spanning wartime concrete bunkers’ formidable material resistance, their affective affordances and evolving cultural attitudes towards ruins, demolition, memory, memorialisation, tourism and real estate in the German capital. Keywords Ruin – Demolition – Bunkers – Subterranean – Berlin – Nazism – Heritage – Materiality 1 On 30th April 1945 Adolf Hitler committed suicide in the Führerbunker, a reinforced concrete structure buried 8.5 metres beneath the ministerial gardens flanking the Reich Chancellery in central Berlin. -
List of Significant Historical Characters in Der Untergang / the Downfall
list of significant historical characters in Der Untergang / The Downfall Adolf Hitler (played by Bruno Ganz) Traudl Humps Junge (played by Alexandra Maria Lara): Hitler’s youngest personal secretary, 1942-1945. Released an autobiography in 2002 and appeared in the documentary Im toten Winkel / Blind Spot, also in 2002. She died in Munich that same year. Eva Braun (played by Juliane Köhler): Hitler’s girlfriend and, very briefly, his wife. Committed suicide together with Hitler in April 1945. Hermann Fegelein (played by Thomas Kretschmann): Obergruppenführer or General in SS. Part of Hitler’s inner circle, due in part to marriage to Eva Braun’s sister and service as Himmler’s adjutant starting 1943. Fled bunker in April 1945 but was caught. Circumstances of death uncertain, but most likely executed in April 1945. Alfred Jodl (played by Christian Redl): A top officer in the Wehrmacht High Command. Signed the unconditional surrender in May 1945. Hanged October 1946 after Nuremberg Trial. Magda Goebbels (played by Corinna Harfouch): Joseph Goebbels’s wife. Had some role in the murder of their six children in Hitler’s bunker. Died May 1, 1945 along with Joseph Goebbels. Joseph Goebbels (played by Ulrich Matthes): Propaganda Minister, architect of Kristallnacht, directed book burnings. Died May 1, 1945 outside the bunker in an unconfirmed manner. Albert Speer (played by Heino Ferch): Hitler’s architect, also Minister of Armaments and War Production. Known as “the Nazi who said sorry.” At Nuremberg, sentenced to 20 years at Spandau. Released 1966, published two autobiographies. Died 1981 in London. Wilhelm Mohnke (played by André Hennicke): High-ranking General in the SS. -
Hitler's Bunker - Recreating the End
Hitler's Bunker - Recreating the End Hitler's Third Reich is falling apart. The German people are being bombed, at every turn, by the Allies. In the east, Soviet troops are making great strides toward Berlin. The capital, itself, is endlessly bombed. Nearly everyone there realizes that the war is lost. When orders from Berlin direct Baden officials to blow-up their waterworks and public utilities, it seems like even the order-givers know the war was lost. Who would blow-up their own infrastructure if the country is safe from invaders? Against this backdrop, we catch-up with Albert Speer (Hitler's architect). He is on his way to Berlin to meet with Hitler. James O'Donnell's book The Bunker, about the last days of the Third Reich—based on extensive eyewitness interviews and documents—helps us to see through the chaos as Speer makes the journey to Berlin. It is late March, 1945, and he will confront his boss about the inevitable: Before returning to Berlin, Speer took a last quick swing south, to Baden. He was in Heidelberg when the Berlin order came through to blow up every waterworks and public utility in Baden. He suggested that all these orders be dropped into a mailbox about to be overrun by American troops. On at least two occasions, Speer was driving and weaving his car between the advancing Americans and the retreating Germans. Only his knowledge of the backroads of the Odenwald, his childhood tramping grounds behind Heidelberg, saved him from capture. Speer was back in Berlin the next day, March 26, having arrived around midnight after a strenuous drive. -
In English As Early As 1938, Having Been Introduced by the French Diplomat André François Poncet
For your convenience – English factoids in a PDF • The 52 United States of America • "640 kb ought to be enough for anyone" • Autobahn • The Cross of Satan • The Eagle's Nest • "Everything that can be invented ..." • Famous dyslectics • The First Step on the Moon • Goldfish Memory • Hell • "I am become death" • The Iron Cross • The Iron Curtain • Kangaroo • "Keep an open mind ..." • Mata Hari • Nazi • Olympic The olympic truce Olympos / Olympia Olympic unity The olympic rings The olympic fire Sandwich Santa's reindeers • The Teddy Bear May 15, 2009 Hexmaster's Factoids: The 50 - not 52 - United States http://www.faktoider.nu/50states_eng.html The United States of America 52 USA has had 50 states since 1959. 1. Alabama 11. Idaho 21. Massachusetts 31. New Mexico 41. South Dakota 2. Alaska 12. Hawaii 22. Michigan 32. New York 42. Tennessee 3. Arizona 13. Illinois 23. Minnesota 33. North Carolina 43. Texas 4. Arkansas 14. Indiana 24. Mississippi 34. North Dakota 44. Utah 5. California 15. Iowa 25. Missouri 35. Ohio 45. Vermont 6. Colorado 16. Kansas 26. Montana 36. Oklahoma 46. Virginia 7. Connecticut 17. Kentucky 27. Nebraska 37. Oregon 47. Washington 8. Delaware 18. Louisiana 28. Nevada 38. Pennsylvania 48. West Virginia 9. Florida 19. Maine 29. New Hampshire 39. Rhode Island 49. Wisconsin 10. Georgia 20. Maryland 30. New Jersey 40. South Carolina 50. Wyoming The District of Columbia is a federal district, not a state. Many lists include DC and Puerto Rico, which makes for 52 "states and other jurisdictions". Maybe that's the root of the myth? Or do people think of a deck of cards, the weeks in a year, or the country code of Mexico? Does the number 50 appear to be too rounded to be accurate? The flag has 50 stars, one for each state. -
Fabricating the Death of Adolf Hitler Part 1
Introduction: Debunking the bunker legend any people are broadly familiar with the official narrative of Adolf Hitler's "last days", which was revisited on our cinema screens only recently in the form of the German film Do w n f a l l (Der Untergang, 2004). What they do not know is Mthat the official narrative is a political fiction—and that the revulsion it inspires is the result of deliberate planning. The little that most As the war reached its dreadful conclusion, Churchill and the British government set out to ensure that history never repeated itself—that there would be no resurgence of German of us think we know nationalism—by dictating how history would view the ultra-nationalistic Third Reich down to the very last detail. The narrative was to be so unedifying as to permanently tarnish the about the regime's prestige in the eyes of even its most ardent supporters. At no stage was historical truth a consideration. Neither the British nor the Americans showed genuine interest in circumstances of Hitler's fate. Their on l y interest lay in assigning to the movement's leader the most ignoble exit from the historical stage as possible. In this sense, the consignment of Hitler's charred Hitler's demise corpse to a rubbish-strewn bomb crater functioned as a metaphor for the consignment of the comes to us Hitler regime itself to the dustbin of history. In the foreword to Hitler's Death (2005), an anthology of documents from the Russian courtesy of British state archives designed to buttress the official narrative of the German leader's fate, historian Andrew Roberts avers: "Part of the reason why Germany has been such a successful, MI6 agent Hugh pacific, liberal democracy for the past sixty years is precisely because of the way that Hitler met his end in the manner described in mesmerising detail in this book. -
Eva Braun Ein Leben Mit Hitler.Pdf
Mit 39 Abbildungen © Verlag C. H. Beck oHG, München 2010 Satz: Janss GmbH, Pfungstadt Druck und Bindung: Kösel, Krugzell Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier (hergestellt aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff) Printed in Germany ISBN 9783406 585142 www.beck.de Eingelesen mit ABBYY Fine Reader Inhalt Einleitung 9 Begegnung 1. Das Atelier Heinrich Hoffmann 14 Hausfotograf der NSDAP 15 «Herr Wolf» 18 Der private Treuhänder 24 2. München nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg 30 Stadt zwischen den Extremen 31 Alltag und politische Milieus 34 Die nationalsozialistische Bewegung 36 3. Die Familie Braun 39 Bürgerliche Normalität 40 Die dauerhafte Begleiterin: Margarete Braun 43 Schwester auf Abstand: Ilse Braun 46 4. An der Seite Hitlers zur Macht 51 Geliebte des «Führers» auf Distanz 51 Aufopferung oder Kalkül? 59 Einsamkeit im Vorhof der Macht 63 Gegenwelten 1. Frauen im Nationalsozialismus 72 Ideologie und Wirklichkeit 73 Magda Goebbels – First Lady des «Dritten Reiches» 78 Emmy Göring und Ilse Hess 85 Die Rolle Eva Brauns 91 Das «Tagebuch» 100 2. Führermythos oder Herr Hitler privat 112 Auf dem Parteitag in Nürnberg 1935 113 Die unsichtbare Aufsteigerin 116 Ein «verlorenes Leben»? 117 Hitler und die Familie Braun 119 3. Die Mätresse und der innere Kreis 126 Albert und Margarete Speer 127 Karl und Anni Brandt 132 Martin Bormann 140 4. Leben auf dem Obersalzberg 145 Refugium und Machtzentrale 145 Der «Hofstaat» 156 Politik und private Geschäfte 167 Dr. Morell 176 Hermann Esser 182 «Hausherrin» des Berghofs 1936-1939 190 Reisen 208 Untergang 1. Isolation im Krieg 222 Kriegsausbruch 224 «Führerhauptquartier» Berghof 232 Der Niedergang beginnt 243 2. Der 20. -
Film-Downfall-2004
1 / 2 Film-downfall-2004 Apr 26, 2018 — 2005 | Nominee: Best Foreign Language Film of the Year ... Downfall's main deficiency is its failure to engage with German (and Germans') .... Sep 16, 2004 — Downfall (German language/International title: Der Untergang) is a 2004 historical war drama chronicling the last ten days of Adolf Hitler's life .... Oct 6, 2009 — Subtitled parodies of Adolf Hitler's last days in the Berlin bunker, as depicted in the 2004 Second World War film Downfall, have become one of .... 15 hours ago — That last point, according to one report, could be the budding franchise's downfall. 13h ago ... In a first for the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the film opened ... he founded in 2004 poised to begin commercial operations next year.. Jamie Foxx and Michael B. Jordan are two men fighting for justice in this powerful true story. A civil rights attorney fights to free a wrongly convicted death row .... Apr 1, 2005 — Downfall Juliane Kühler as Eva Braun and Bruno Ganz as Hitler await the ... Any movie which removes the great dictator from the horrors of the ... Find the latest trailers, breaking news and movie reviews, and links to the best free movies at ... Nominated for an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2005.. Downfall (2004 film) ... Downfall (German: Der Untergang) is a 2004 German war film directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel, depicting the final ten days of Adolf Hitler's .... Der Untergang(Downfallin English) is a 2004 German-Italian- Austrian historical war drama film depicting the final ten days of Adolf Hitler's rule over Nazi ...