HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL 1 i i ì

l . .. ." v) a C A cd W U z z r/, z J O V 5 z W J p: x ,

IN the case of the old Sardinian Chapel, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, standingto-day amidst almost a heap of ruins, it may not be said “ Letthe dead past bury its dead.” It isfrom its past that it derives its greatest glory, and it is to preserve the memory of that past-to keep it alive in the minds of men who are apt to forget it whilst looking atits present dingyold walls-that the following short history has been written. Could the old walls of this church speak, they could tell of things that would fill every Catholic heart with joy and gladness at the nobleness of those who, for over two centuries, regarded the Sardinian Chapel as one of the chief centres of Catholicity in London. A glance at the long list of priests who have at different times served this Church will at once reveal names of men who by their vi PREFACE. PREFACE. viî

preaching or by their writings have justly merited seek theconsolations of religionelsewhere-the undyingremembrance, and who are blessed now sameconsolations, it is true, but in a placethey and will be blessed for generations, for they have are not used to. And now its own turn has nearly been the instruments of leading others to the true come. It iscondemned, it is doomed, it be Lightand to the love of higherthings. Again, if destroyed. It hasseen the too familiar and fatal we look beyondthose who have been actually figureschalked on the walls of thehomes of its attachedto the Church, we shallsee that one poorer children, “ Lot 1, Lot 2 ” ; it has seen the destined to possess the highest spiritual power as hoardingput up, ithas seen her children go Christ’sVicar stood at its altarto celebrate forthseeking a newhome, it has seen their old ,and that those Bishops of ,who homes pulled down brick by brick until no part has bytheir greatness have been numberedamongst been leftstanding, and now her own turnhas thestaunchest champions of Catholicity in this nearlycome, and she is waiting until the fatal country, have frequently preached from its or words are chalked on her venerable walls, Lot 1 ,” fromits . And if we look at theranks of and then she must go as her children’s homes have thelaity who have been regularworshippers gone before her. She has withstood many assaults within those hallowed walls, we shall see amongst in thepast from the enemies of our Faith; four themsome of thebest and most devoted of the l times at leastshehas been attacked, butshe has

~ withstoodthem all,risen abovehasshe them old andonly true Faith. It is, in onesense, pleasing for us to go all. Her fightfor theFaith is over; she will back upon the past, especially when the past is so yield now, proud in her yielding because she is not l glorious and gratifying, but at the same time it is, yielding to the adversaries of that Faith for which inanother sense, exceptionally.sad. The days of shehas stood, and stood triumphantly, for over this old Church, this old bulwark of the Faith, are twocenturies. She must yield now, as shenever numbered;itisdoomed todestruction. It is yieldedbefore, so thatLondon may be more waitingpatiently; it has seen the homes of its beautiful, as if Londoncould be more beautiful childrencondemned, pulled down,destroyed; it without our old Sardinian Chapel ! As the humble hasseen its children driven away, and forced to dwellings of our poor people, which have been swept ... v111 ’ PREFACE. PREFACE. ix away,perhaps to a largeextent thoughtlessly, unique and glorious history-always Royal until its were dear to those people, so our humble church is last day becauseof its Royal Master,King of Kings, dearto them and to us. It hasnever been any- andLord of Lords,Who has continuously dwelt thingbut lowly andhumble. Although a bell withinher. Hemust seek, now, anotherhabita- turret has been built, it hasnever dared to have tion like His children, and may He grant that the its bell, itnever even markedits existence as a history of thenew church which is totake the Catholic place of worship by the place of the old may be as glorious and worthy as overits door, until a very few years ago. There has been that of the old Sardinian Chapel. was nothing to indicate what this plain old building was, yetthe thinking passer-by, glancing at the well-worn steps before the unadorned doors, would say, lí Thereis something not here.” In truth,indeed, it must be said of the dear old Sardinian Chapel-“ All the beauty of the king’s 54 LINCOLN’SINN FIELDS, daughteris within.” No onehas entered it yet Febmcary 6th, 19~5. without a feeling of devotion, a feeling of holiness, and a feeling of love for Him who has for so many years made it His dwelling-place.

We are now forced to bid it l‘ Farewell ”- farewell for ever. It will soon be no more, and in its place will rise some purely mundane structure, andthe things of the world will betransacted whereonly the things of God at presenthave place. Trulythe ‘l RoyalSardinian Chapel ” it is now, as itwas in the past-Royal thenon account of itsbeing under the patronage of the King of Sardinia,Royal now onaccount of its INTRODUCTION.

IN placing before the public “The History of the Sardinian Chapel” we are quite aware that we are

’ not offering in anyway anexhaustive history, but it contains all that we are at present able to gather. Miss Harting’swork has been not at all easy,for so littleaccount has been kept of this interestinglandmark of Catholicity in England sincethe Reformation. It is true that all the records of the Mission were ather disposal, but those records have been found, on examination, to bebut scant. Such as they are, however, they are embodied in thislittle work, and presented, to those interested. We mustacknowledge, with pleasure, our indebtedness to all whohave helped uswith the work by theloan of photographsand by infor- mation,special mention being due tothe late ~~~

xii INTRODUCTIOK. INTRODUCTION. x111.e.

Mrs. Corney for hernotes on the history of this without any hope of great worldly reward. Then Chapel. there are the good Sisters of the Convent, Soho It will, we think, not be outof place to ., Square-"The Poor Servants of the Mother of mention 'here ourdeep debt of gratitude to our God," who may be daily seen visiting the houses of benefactors of the and others, who the people, benefiting them-to the best of their have annually come to our assistance, chief power-untiring in theirtrying work, satisfied in amongst whom has ever been the Duke of Norfolk, knowing thatthere is reason to hope thattheir who, in addition to his generoussubscriptions to '. labours may help some souls to get nearer to God. the churchand schools, has, year by year, been Lastly, thereare the Sisters of the Convent of most thoughtful of the poor of Lincoln's Inn. Mercy, Macklin Street, with whom every Catholic, Nor do we forget that we have also to say .;,* at least in the neighbourhood of DruryLane, is anearnest word of genuine thankstheto poor I , .. well acquainted.Besides teaching in the Girls' themselves of this , for they have bravely School, these Sisters have held themselves ready rallied round the church in thedays of her old for every work they have been asked to do, and so age,and of theirlittle have givenmuch to keep by their practical interest have been largely instru- her as well as they can worthy of her high calling, mental in bringing about what good has been done

' that when her last day has come their forefathers since their connection with the parish. May God's may look down upon them and see that they faith- choicest blessing be upon all who have helped us ! fully cherished tothe end the precious legacy . . committed to their care. Finally, we here acknowledge, with true grati- tude, the unstinted efforts of those who have helped to carry on God's work in this parish .by their personal labours. There are the lay teachers of the school, some of whom for many years have worked on and on for the cause of Religion, sur- 1 8. rounded by difficulties anddrawbacks ; certainly

. ILLUSTRATIONS.

.-

FRONTISPIECE : SARDINIANCHAPEL IN 1808.

PAC! PRSSEENTARCHBISHOP ...... XVI OUTSIDE OF SARDINIANCHAPEL ...... 4 Tnrt PRESBYTERY.54 LINCOLN’S INNFIELDS ... 8

COMMEMORATIVEMEDAL ...... 10 INSIDE OF CHURCH AND HIGHALTAR ... I4 INSIDEOF CHURCHAND GALLERIES...... 18

GOSPEL SIDE OF CHURCH ...... 22 FATHERD’ARCY ...... 32 BISHOP CHALLONER...... 40 BISHOP DOUGLASS ...... 45

THE SCHOOLS.GATE STREET ...... 50 FATHERMILLS ...... 60 FATHERFAA DI BRUNO ...... 72 CARDINALWISEMAN ...... 82 THE PRESENTORGAN ...... 97 THE REV. WILLIAM O’CONNOR ...... 99 FATHERO’CALLAGHAN ...... 102 THE RED MASS ...... I04 REPRODUCTIONOF OLDDOCUMENT ...... 106 THE;PRESE;NT CGERGY ...... 1x9 I l-

History

OF THE

’- . Sardinian Chapel,

LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS.

H I S very interesting old church stands l T in what is now called Sardinia Street .I I -a turning on the west side of Lincoln’s Inn Fields-but which was formerly known as DukeStreet, so called afterJames, Duke of York ; the house dates from the year 1648, and was once the residence of theCountess of Bath. It is the mother- church of the Catholicfaith in the Arch- diocese of Westminster, and was for many years the chapel of the Sardinian Embassy. Old,dark, and ugly as it undoubtedly is, yet it is brimful of interestto Catholics, 2 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 3 whose forefathers worshipped there under and is said to,be the work of Inigo Jones, suchterrible penalties, and whose walls to whom is also attributedthat portion breathethat wonderful atmosphere of of the church which reaches from the walls prayer so noticeableto those accustomed of the sanctuaryta thepulpit. “Inigo Jones’ to worshipthere. Afterthe breach with father,who was acloth-worker by trade, Rome, the l‘ Papists ”-driven out of the was a Roman Catholic, and Inig::, adhered places of worship which oncehad been to that faith ” (Dic.Nat. Bio.). In their’s,deprived of the use of the Sacra- Knight’sLondon, vol. v., page 182, we ments, and but seldomable to hear Mass read : “ Inigo Jones was buried at the age (evenin )-had recourseto the of eighty(as estimated), in St.Benet’s, chapels in gentlemen’s houses, or stealthily Paul’s Wharf; ” it s2ems strange, therefore, creptto their devotions in thechapels of toread of hisdeath as hastened by any foreign Ambassadors. There is proof that cause,yet it is saidthat he did die as early as the year 1648 Mass “ was said prematurelythrough the vexations and in the house of a widow, on the left-hand anxietiesbrought on hin1 by his loyal side of Duke Street,” andin this same year tendencies in politics, andhis Roman FatherJohn Barrow, S.J., andFather Catholicproclivities in religion ; onthe William Harcourt, or Waring, also a Jesuit, latter ground he was subjected to a heavy who was martyred at Tyburn, June 20-30, fine in 1646. He died in 1652, 1680, arereported to have said Mass It may be well toexplain to those there. who express surprise at the dark, clumsy, The heavy stone archwaywhich spans and un-ecclesiastical exterior of the church, the street beside the chapel still bears the and at its disadvantageous position, that in date 1648 onthe key-stone of thearch, those difficult times the more isolated the 4 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIANCHAPEL. 5 spot, and unprepossessing the. aspectof the 1 Ambassadorsthe hearto sat Mass. In chapels, the more likely they were to escape. thesanctuary still hangthe two ancient i I detection. The ‘l Mass-houses,”as they lamps, &c-simides in wood of the valuable were called, were to be known only to the silverlamps carried off bythe mob at few devoted souls who ran the risk of im- l thetime of theGordon Riots. They prisonment,and braved death itself, for were put up atthat time as temporary the privilege of hearing Mass, and receiv- substitutes,when thechurch wasre- ingthe Sacraments. The informerwho openedafter its attack by the mob, and I should lead to the apprehension of a priest therethey have done “ temporary”duty for saying Mass received the sum of L10o. for I 24 years. AlthoughMass was permitted in the Lincoln’s InnFields is mentioned, Embassy chapels,no pulpit was allowed, in connectionwith Catholicity, by Dr. and a notice was attachedto the door of Challoner,Vicar-Apostolic of the London theSardiiian Chapel ‘l No English is District, as .early as the reign of Elizabeth, allowed tobe repeated here.” At this when a holy priest, named Robert Morten, time,too, and for manyyears afterwards, a Yorkshireman, who had received his controversialsubjects were strictly for- educationabroad, and was sentas a bidden,and any attack on the Catholic missioner to England in I 587, was “ appre- Church could only be refuted by means of hended,tried, and condemned barelyfor tracts and pamphlets. hispriestly characterand functions. He Here, in the chapel, can still be seen, received sentence of death on the 26th of on the side of the altar, the gallery August, 1588, and on the 28th of the same

-once styled “ the quality-gallery ”-and month was drawn from Newgate to a new in it the semi-circular mahogany pew where pair of gallows set up in Lincoln’s Inn 6 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 7

Fields,and there hanged, bowelled, and I verydeath of so manysaint-like, innocent quartered.With himwas executed Hugh men (whose lives were unimpeachable), and Moor,gentleman, who, after a Protestant of severalyoung gentlemen, which they education, being reconciled to the Catholic endured with so much joy, strongly pleaded Church, went abroad to the college situated forthecause in whichthey died.” at Rheims, but, returning- to Eng-land, was (Challoner’sMissionary Priests. ”) apprehended,cast into prison, and after Dom Maurrls Corker, O. S. B., who was some time tried and condemned for being a convertto Catholicity, was professed at reconciled to the , and for Lambspring,the Benedictine monastery goingabroad to a Romish seminary. He in Germany.On his return to England absolutely refused to go to church, for this hewas apprehended, and committed to , would havemade atonement for his pre- Newgate, as he wasmentioned as being tended treason, and therefore had sentence concerned in theOates’ Plot. As nothing to die, andwas executed accordingly, .could be provedagainst him, he wasre- August28th, inLincoln’s InnFields.” leased, only to be again apprehended, and Dr. Challoner continues :--“Of these two, tried for the second time, January, 1679-80. and of all the others that suffered at this On thisoccasion, Bedloe thepursuivant time, they all died with admirable constancy sworethat he had heard Dom Maurus and patience ; yea, with joy and pleasure ; Cork,er say Mass at Somerset House, and that they were not allowed to speak to the I Prance,another well-known informer, people, because the persecutors were afraid l affirmedthathadhe heard himsay Mass lest their words should make a strong im- atMr. Paston’s in Duke Street,Lincoln’s pressionon the minds of theirhearers in InnFields. Although Father Corker favour of the old religion.But that the swore that he had never said Mass in the

l 8 HISTORY OF THE

twolast places, the infamouswitnesses maintained what they had sworn, and, the jury bringing in a verdict of “ guilty,” he was sentenced to death. He wasafter- wardsreprieved, but was detained in Newgate untilreleased by James II. in 1685. 1Vcedonstates “that whilst in- mersed in Newgategainedhe over 1000 I soulsto God.” (Gillow, Bio. Dic.) In 16S6 the TCIarquisof Powis hilt himself a fine house in Great Queen Street (for the last fifty years the heatl-quarters of the Society for Promoting- Christian Know- ledge), and he was no doubt a member of thecongregation at the Sardinian House, asthe family wereat that time Roman Catholics. He wasoutlawed by L37illiam and Mary for his fidelity to James I I ., by whom, after his abdication^ he was created Duke of Powis. He was the father of the foundress of theConvent of theAugus- tinian Nunsat Bruges, and also of Lady Nithisdale,who so noblyeffected the escape of her husband from the ‘Tower of a SARDINIANCHAPEL. 9

London while undersentence of death. (“ Old and New London,” vol. iii.) Soon after the accession of James II. FatherJohn Cross, Provincial of the Franciscans, took a ten years’ lease of ’‘ the housenear thearches in Lincoln’s Inn Fields,” and from that date-1687-it be- came a Catholicfoundation, and has so continued ever.since. The Franciscans only remained for one brief year in quiet possession of their new abode,for when William of Orangelanded at Brixham, November 4th, 1688, the mob immediately

rose. “ As soon theas intelligence reachedLondon, even the presence of the’ Kingdid not preventthe populace from attempting to demolish the Catholic chapels. They made a desperateattack onthe residence of theFranciscans in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, for a day and a night, andwere only prevented from carrying theirdesign into execution by a guard of cavalry and infantry sent by the King. This discomfiture only servedto sharpen IO. HISTORY OF THE the mob’s appetite for vengeance ; and learningthat on the 17th Nov. the King was to remove the infant Prince of Wales to Portsmouth, and, if necessary, to convey him toFrance, as also that His Majesty would proceedthe same day to join the armyat Salisbury, the rioters deferred to thatday their workof destruction. But James I I. consulted the safety of the Friars, andsent Father Cross an order,.through l Dr. Leybourne, ’Bishop-Apostolic, to retire from their residencewith therest of the Community. After firstremoving their l goods,the Franciscans withdrew on the 16th Nov., by which they suffered a loss of upwards of ~3,000.” FatherCross was one of theKing’s chaplains ; he was a . learned man and much esteemed. He didnot long survive the Revolution ; he followed theKing to St. Germain, but COPY OF MEDAL IN BRITISH MUSEUM. died atDouay, 13th October, 1689, aged sixty, in religion forty-two. (Gillow, Bio. Dic.) Mr. Heckethorn, inhis iuteresting account of “ Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and the SAIiDINIAN CHAPEL. II

LocalitiesAdjacent,” writes of thesedis- turbancesas follows :-“ The favour of the King, shown to the Roman Catholics, led togreat riots in 1688, duringwhich time many of their places c;f worship were demolished ; ,confessionals, bre viaries,were heaped up andset on fire. Sach a pilewas kindled before theruins of theFranciscan house in 1,incoln’s Inn Fields.” ’There is ;I largesilver medal (over twoinches in diameter) in theBritish Museum which shows the western side of Lincoln’s InnFields. wasIt engraved by Bower, and struck to con~~~~en~orate the clestruction of theCatholic chapels in London in 1688. Onthe obverse are the busts of William and Mary, and the reverse showsthe burning of thePapal emblems in the Fields, and the Sardinian chapel in ruins. The other buildings are ver): clearly defined. From this medal it will be noticed thatthe Ambassador’s House (now 54 Lincoln’s Inn Fields) was practically SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 13

to difficult sites, and in the construction of theSardinian chapel great ingenuity has been used, as the outside wall takes curves which are not noticeable in the interior of the chapel. Now we come upon a long inter-zal in whichno record is at hand to tell of the doings of the Catholics in the Fields, or of how they fared in these difficult times, and we take up the history again in I 722, when a Mr. Franklin(or Frankland) became a convertto the Church here in that year. Of himwe read in “An Historical Account of Lisbon College,” by the Very Rev. Croft, that he bore the ahsof Moyses,and was living at Boulogne in I 7 19. Beingsubsequently much affected by a sermonhe heard at theSardinian Chapel in T 722, he became a convert, and was admitted on the Thatcher Fund, Jan. 22nd, in the same year, ordained priest and sent to England,where he is reportedto haveserved this mission. He died in London,July 16th, 1752. i i i al SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 15 chaplains at theEmbassy Chapel, and it would appearthat on Sundaysand feast days they dined in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, as we gather from the following short note :

“ In consequence of the fire therewere nomeals onSundays and holidays of obligation for the chaplains,” and later on, in the cash account, appears the following item : “ For sevenSundays, and three fete days, dinners for the seven chaplains : A3 I 3s. 6d.” Not a very large expenditure ! The priests at this time, and for many years afterwards, lived, for the most part, in the houses of the parishioners, and not in community, as is often the custom now. As they wore no distinctive dress, it must sometimes have happened that the fact of theirbeing in the ministry would remain unsuspected by those amongst whom they lived. The money allowed for the support of theEmbassy and the Chapel was ~5,oooper annum, but later on,in the year 1759, on it beingrepresented to the King of Sardiniathat this sum was in- sufficient, it was increased to cf;~o,ooo. 16 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 17

The Very Rev. Patrick Bradley, O.P., of Dufford was paid for the ornaments to Bishop of Londonderry,, was the be placedround this picture, when the firstsenior chaplain mentioned in the chapel was restored after the fire, and for books. He servedthe Missionnineteen cloth with which tohang the sanctuary, yearsand died at theend of February, thesum of AI2 I 2s. By thebooks we 1760. A Dirge was sung for the repose seethat all the linen,, cassocks, of hissoul in the room inQueen Street, and almost everything for theservice of which wasthen the temporary chapel of the altar had to be renewed, and must have the mission. proved a heavy expense to the Sardinian The re-buildingafter the fire would monarch. appear to have occupied three years, and Some thoughtful person has given us duringthat time the Masses for the the name of the Beadle at the time of the congregation were said in the room above fire. It was PeterRennard. We hopehe referred to or, later, in the larger chapel in was not the cause of the mischief! Holborn. It is surmised thatthe valuable RI. le Comte De Vireyis the first picture over the High Altar was uninjured Ambassadorwhose name occurs in the by the fire. It representedour Saviour archives, and it is possible thathe may crucified, andwas attributed to Spagno- have hadnopredecessor in England. letto, and, although it escaped destruction Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, obtained by the fire, it was torn down by the mob the kingdomof Sicily from Spainby a in the Lord George Gordon Riots, and the treaty in I 713, butexchanged it in 1720 Governmentmade compensation tothe for the Island of Sardinia, with the title of Mission for its loss. From a note in the King, which was borne by hissuccessors books we find that a sculptor of the name until 186 I, when Victor Emmanuel I I. was

SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 19

In I 763 the following note was made in the books :-“ This statement,” (viz. : the account of the expenses of the chapel for theyear signed by the chaplains), ‘‘ was sent to M. le Comte De Virey, to be delivered to the Count at Turin, before his departure from London, hehaving been recalled by His Majesty.” M. Le Comte De la Marmara became his successor, with the same title of ‘‘ Envoy Extraordinary to HisEnglish Majesty, 1763.” After M. De la Marmara, M. le Comte D’Aglie was appointed in his place, to be succeeded in his turn by M. de Cordon, who wasin office atthe time of theGordon Riots. Then we come upon the name of M. le Comtede Front, or Frond (spelt in both ways), who appears to have been the last Ambassador to the Sardinian Embassy in Lincoln’s Inn Fields,and to have left, somewhat ignominiously, at the .request of the chaplains, as the following quaint old document will show : 20 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 21

Copy of Agreement between the Sardiniai Ambas- persons, to the amount of two hundred and sixty- sador, the Vicar-Apostolic, and the Chaplains six pounds, twelve shillings, We accept and receive of the Sardinian Chapel. the Organ, sacred Utensils, , and other WE,the undersigned, andJohn Bishop of appurtenances of the said Chapel as a full Centuria, Vicar-Apostolic of the London District, compensation forthe saiddebt of two hundred andthe Chaplains of his Sardinian Majesty, in and sixty-six pounds, twelve shillings, due for our behalf of ourselves, andour successors, the Salariesand expenses incurred,and articles Chaplains for the time being of the Sardinian contributed to the said Chapel. Chapel in Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in Provided always thatthe said Organ and the county of Middlesex, Do hereby covenant and other aforesaid things shall not be sold or alienated agreeto, and with his Excellency the Countde from the Chapel ; but that when at any time here- Frond, Minister Plenipotentiary from His Majesty after His Majesty the King of Sardinia shall think the King of Sardinia, to His Britannic Majesty, in to take again possession of the said Chapel, the nameand onbehalf of his said Majesty the which he retains to himself a right of doing, and King of Sardinia, that we will and hereby do take to redeem the said organ, sacred vessels, &C., by upon ourselves :- payment of the aforesaid sum of two hundred and l.-The lease of the aforesaid Chapel from sixty-six pounds, twelve shillings, to us or to our the first day of January of the present year, one successors for the time being, the said Organ, &C., thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, for, and shall be restored to his said Maiestv. For which -v---.- - during the continuance of the remainder of the purpose an Inventory shall be made of all the term of the said lease. aforesaid things, a copy of which shall be delivered 2.-Thatwe alsotake upon ourselves' the to his Excellency the Count de Frond, and another lease of the dwelling-house annexed tothe said copy shall remain with the said Vicar Apostolic and Chapel, nowin the occupation of his aforesaid Chaplains $YO ternpore, that when his Sardinian Excellency, from andafter the twenty-fifth of majesty shall think proper to take again the March next ensuing, when his said Excellency will possession of the said Chapel, if any of the articles deliver possession of the said premises, declaring contained in the Inventory should be wanting, the as by agreement that if his aforesaid Excellency said Vicar-Apostolic andChaplains must make should not deliver to us the possession of the them good, with the following exception : that on dwelling-house on the aforesaid day, twenty-fifth the part of his Sardinian Majesty, proper allowance of March next, he will pay to us the rent for the shall be made for the ware and tare (sic) which time he will continue to keep it, in proportion to the vestments, linen, and books shall have suffered the annual rent. by use. 3.-That asthe said Chapel at present is 4.-That we will continue to consider his said indebted to the sameChaplains, and to other Majesty asPatron and Protector of the said Chapel,and therefore will preserve his said 22 HISTORY OF THE

Majesty’sArms entire in everyplace where they are at present; will continue to use the same seal hitherto usedin all public andprivate Acts, and will continue as heretofore to call it the Sardinian Chapel, and in the usual prayers me~~tionshallbe made of His Majesty the King of Sardinia. In a note on fly-leaf of this document we find the following :-

l‘ The Bishop and Chaplainsdcsirc that a daymay be fixed when theCount de Front will leave his house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields.” ”I de lront came to 1,onclon in the month of January, I ?SS, ancl died in IST2, and on November I 3th in thxt )-car n note in theregisters tclls us that l‘ A grand solemn Diqc tool.; 1)lace in consequence of thedeath of CountSt. AIartin de Front,the Sardinian Ambassador. Atan early hourthe church was crowdedwith persons of distinction,including the Spanish,Portuguese, Russian, and Sicilian Ambassadors. The High Mass was sung by the Rev. R. Broderick, first Chaplain to theSardinian Embassy. The music was composed by Mr. Webbe.” SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 23 In the year after the recall of M. de Virey, the SardinianHouse received a very handsome present from the Chapel of His Majesty atTurin, which must have provedvery acceptable after the loss the Embassy Chapel had sustained during the great fire. A list of the articlessent at this time, copied from an old French . ledger, was as follows :- Kote of the Vestments, &C., from theChapel of His Majesty the King of Sardivtia at Turin. March, 1764. Set of vestments in brocade, on a white groundwith flowers in gold, silverand divers colours. A , stoie, maniple, two , a burse and pall, bordered with wide gold braid, and lined with rose-coloured taffeta, bearing the arms of the King of Sardinia embroidered in gold. Twotunics, with a ,two maniples of taffeta, with the arms of the King. Two copes with a large stole embroidered in gold thread, with gold fringe round the back, lined with taffeta, with the arms of the King. Benediction of the same stuff, bound with taffeta. Another veil of the same stuff to place on the Gospel-pulpit, an antipendium of thesame material,with a borderingand lining of taffetta, with the arms of the King. 24 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIANCHAPEL. 25

A cover of the same stuff to place beneath t Besides these, a gift of whitedamask the Missal on the altar. A set of vestments in white damask. vestzents for every-dayl made in London, A chasuble, stole, maniple, two veils, burse with chasuble, stole, maniple, veil, burse and pall, with the arms of the King. and pall, edged with silverbraid, and A set of vastnlents in white damask for every day. a set of redsatin vestments complete, A chasuble, stole, maniple, veil, burse and also edged with silverbraid, is addedto pall, bordered with gold ribbon-braid. the list. A set of vestments in crimson damask. A chasuble, stole, maniple, veil, burseand Nearly twenty years later, in the year pall, bordered with gold ribbon-braid. I 782, a second handsome present of vest- A set of vestments in green damask. mentsarrived from Sardinia, which is re- A chasuble,stole, maniple, veil, burse,and pall, bordered with gold ribbon-braid. corded in theRegisters in the following A set of vestments in violet damask. manner :--

A chasuble,stole, maniple, veil, burse,and 'I On the 20th April, 1782, on Easter pall, bordered with gold ribbon-braid. Eve, this year, the following royal and A set of vestments in black velvet, bordered . ' with silver-gauze braid. splendidpresent was received from the A chasuble, stole, maniple, veil, burseand Court of Sardinia-viz., priest's , pall, bound with silver gauze braid, with the arms of the King. two to correspond, with maniples A set of vestments in black damask. and stoles, burseand veil for the , A chasuble, stole, maniple, veil, burseand pall, edged with ribbon-braid. veils for Benediction andthe desk, cope Silver. for Vespers, and for the Altar A Cross for the Altar. -the ground silver-tissue, the whole richly A , with spoon and incense-boat. embroidered in gold-also a red cope. A saucer with twocrystal jugs, mounted in silver. " A letter of gratefulthanks, signed A Porte-croix in wood, carved and ornamented by all the chaplains, was transmitted with silver. NoTkI.-Sorne of these articles are still in use. 26 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 27

through His ExcellencyCount D’Aglie, Sardinia’scoat of arms was inserted the Sardinian Ambassador.” into the one of the new kingdom of Italy (Signed), R. BRODERICK, about 1875, butwas not completed as we J. TANNER, have it now until January, 1890. J. WATKINS, The stipend of the seven Chaplains at J. SILVIERA. the Embassy Chapel was as follows :-The Although the Count D’Aglie was no first Chaplain received A3 per month, and longer at the Sardinian House in 1830, he thesix others k2, until theyear 1763. didnot apparently lose interest in the Shortly after this it was raised to A3 3s. parish, for in that year we find his name and A2 2s. respectively. (Registers). as subscribingto the funds of theAged Ten years later-in I 773--Nollekins, Poor So,ciety the sum of A22. the sculptor, was baptised in the Chapel in The original coat of arms of Sardinia the Fields,and opposite to the Church- was a redcross upon a white ground. It in Duke Street-lived Benjamin Franklin, is traced back tothe time when Benedict when employed as a journeyman printer at VI I I., anxious to free Sardinia from the Watt’s Office in Lincoln’s Inn Fields. Moors,urged thePisans toreconquer Franklin’s landlady was a widow, and the portion of the Islandinvaded by the we are told that sooner than lose him as a Saracens,and sent them as a symbola tenant she reduced his rent from 3s. 6d. to whitebanner, on which wasembroidered 2s. weekly. It may be interestinghere to awhite cross. The Pisans, afterhaving insert Franklin’s account of his friendship gained four victories overthe Moors, added with his landlady, as she was a member of to the crossfour Saracen’s heads to corn- thecongregation. She was, it appears, rnemorate the event, and the whole became thedaughter of a Protestant clergyman, Sardinia’s coat of arms. 28 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 29 buthad been made a converttothe conversed pleasantly. The room was clean, Catholicfaith by herhusband. Franklin but had no other furniture than a mattress, was frequentlypermitted tospend the a table with a crucifix, and a book, a stool evening withher. “ Oursupper,” he which she gave me to. sit on, and a picture writes in his ‘‘ Memoirs.” ‘‘ was only half over thefireplace of St. Veronica, displaying an anchovy each, on a very small slice of thehead with the miraculous image of breadand butter, and half-a-pint of ale Christ’sbleeding face upon it, which she between us, but the entertainment was her explainedto me with great seriousness. conversation.” She looked pale, but was never sick, and I Inthe garret of thesame house in give it as an instance of on how small an Duke Street lived an old maiden lady, who income life can be supported.” (“ Lincoln’s hadformerly been in a Conventabroad, InnFields,” &C., Heckethorn.) but, the country not agreeing with her, she Fanny Burney, thewell-known author- returnedto England, where she adopted ess,and a member of QueenCharlotte’s theconventual life as nearly as circum- household, was married in theSardinian stances would allow. She had resided Chapelto M. d’Arblay,a French refgee manyyears in thesame room, livingon who had lost all his property by confisca- water-gruelonly, and using no fire but to tion at the time of the French Revolution. boil it. She hadgiven all herestate to ‘LThe marriagetook place in Mickleham charitablepurposes, reserving only L12 a Churchon the 30th July, 1793, andon year, andeven of that smallpittance she the following daythe ceremony was re- gaveaway a portion in charity. ‘I I was peated atthe Sardinian Chapel, Lincoln’s once,”says Franklin, “ permittedto visit InnFields, according to the rites of the her. She wascheerful and polite, and KomishChurch.” (“ FannyBurney and her Friends.”) SARDINIAN 31 30 HISTORY OF THE CHAPEL. Inthe year 1790,a serious burglary at Cowes. He diedApril I 7th, 18I 7, took place in the Chapel, and Father Peter aged 75. (Gillow, Bio. Dic.) Brown, who was thenhead chaplain, The priests at this time were always expendedthe sum of A52 LOS. gd. in styled “ Mr.” and not “ Father,” and they wore no distinctive dress, but were for the “ replacing the sacred vessels sacrilegiously stolen,”and aplaintive note is struck in most partattired in brown cloth clothes the memorandum which follows :-“ This with high boots ; the Rev. Mr. Berrington, lastitem, M. le Comtede Front refused who died in 1827, being named as the first to payme, although I had paid it out of to don the clerical black garments. the ,” P. Brown. This fine old The Rev. Pacificus Baker, O.S.F., priest served the mission sixty-five years ! was for a timeattached to the Chapel in The Rev. Thomas Gabb was another theFields. He wasgooda preacher, well-known priest, and was appointed one andan eminent spiritualist. He itwas of the chaplains to the Sardinian Embassy who attended Lord Lovat at his execution, in I 774, and served this laborious mission Aprilgth, I 747. He diedMarch 16th, fornine years. Forsome years he I 774, aged 80. Mr. Gillow quotes a quaint little notice of Father Baker, made “ supplied ” at Mrs. Langdale’sprivate Chapelon Sundays and Holidays, and bya Mr. Cole, a Protestant. ‘‘ He was assisted Father Peter Brown on week-days. my particularacquaintance, and a very His spare time was spent in the study of honest,worthy man. He hadbeen long architecture, for which he declared he had ailing,being near four-score. He livedin moretalent than for anyother pursuit. Wild Street, where he had a very elegant He drewup the plans for, andsuperin- chapel. He was the author of many books tended the erection of, the Catholic Church of devotion, most of which he sent to me. 32. HISTORYOF .THE Pray God rest his soul, and be merciful to mine on the like necessary occasion.” Inthe year 1730, the Rev. Joseph Morgan Hausbie, O.P., D.D., served the Sardinian Chapel, and was installed Vicar- l General, and, for the third-,time, Provincial l of his Order. He died ,in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 5th June, 1760, aged seventy-six,

“ Lamented in death as ‘he hadbeen esteemed in life; for he made himself.al1 to all, that he might gain all to Christ.” He had been private chaplain in Lady Petre’s

house at Cheam, and ,.was a hearty Jacobite, and this easily induced an excited mob to .- believe the absurd report that hehad great numbers of men, horse, and arms con- cealed and ready for use at Cheam. In I 8 I 2 the number of Catholics belonging to the Sardinian Chapel was re- corded as 7,000, but some years previously it was said to have numbered 14,000. It is interesting to insert here two The Rev. CHARLES D’ARCY. short documents, as they seem to bear From awater-colour by himself. upon the state of the Mission at this date, ‘ Serued the Surdiniun Cha@el, Lincola’s Inn Fields, from 1828 to 1838. I

SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 33 and should not therefore be admitted in re- cording the history of the Sardinian House. MEMORANDUM. WE, the undersigned Chaplains of the SardinianChapel, Duke Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, do hereby engage for ourselves andour successors, the Chaplains for the timebeing, to grant in perpetuum three free places, in thetribune, or any other part of the said Chapel,to Mr.Moore’s family (ortheir appointment), now of NewcastleStreet, Strand, together with free access to the same through the private dwelling house, in consideration of the sum of ,&“GOO, which we hereby acknowledge to have received from the said Mr. Moore, for the use of the said Sardinian Chapel. (Signed), R. BRODERICK, L. HAVARD, FRANCISTUITE, JAMES TANNER. Lincoln’s InnFields, Jan.24th, 1815. N.B.-Thecounterpart of thisdelivered to Mr. Moore. 34 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIANCHAPEL. 35

Sardinian House, A2,000, andregularly paid from hence- Feb. roth, 1820. forward. My Lord, MEMORANDUM. In consideration of the sum of L400 Atthe Chapelaudit, held October, which yourLordship has advanced, in 1830, the Right Rev. Dr. Bramston, V.A., orderto defray the expenses incurred in consented to redeem the interest on these repairing and securing the foundations and d400, to 4 per cent. perannum, to take walls of the SardinianHouse, Lincoln’s place from midsummer. Inn Fields, WE, the Chaplains of the (Signed), R. BRODERICK, SardinianChapel, on behalf of ourselves JAMESTANNER, .andour successors, to your Lordship or THOMASPERCY, your successors, for the timebeing, do M. A. TIERNEY, hereby engage to repay to your Lordship Chaplains. or your successors for the time being the This letter was addressed to the Right said sum of A;400, by instalments of not Rev. Dr. Poynter, V.A. lessthan Aso, according asthe funds of Father Lewis Havard, whose sig- the said Chapel shall be found adequate. nature appears on the former of these two That in the meantime we will pay to papers,served the Sardinian Mission for yourLordship, ortoyour successors, eight years. He was considered to be a very interest at the rate of 5 per cent. for the fine preacher, and was called upon to give said sum, or for such part of it as shall the funeral discourse atthe obsequies of remain unpaid, until the whole shall be the Right Rev. Dr. Poynter, D.D., which liquidated. Andthat the Insurance from took place at St. Mary’s, Moorfields, on Fire on the premises shall he increased to December I I th, 1827. FatherHavard D2 36 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIANCHAPEL. 37 hadled a very hard life, and had gone packed so closely in some parts of the through all the troubles which his com- buildings as not to be able to move. munity hadsuffered duringthe terrible There was great need of more churches. time of the French Revolution when he (Maziere Brady). was at Douay College. He was incar- When the Registration Actscame into cerated in prison sometime before his force in 1830 the Government offered to ordination as a priest make the Catholic Registers Isgal evidence, In 1835 London contained 16 chapels on condition thatthey were handed over with 35 priests, and about 15o,ooo Catho- to SomersetHouse. Thissurrender was lics. In each chapel three Masses were refused at the Sardinian Chapel, and the said on Sundays and chief festivals. The old registers are now found to be of much hours of divine service were 8 a.m., IO interest, containing, as they do, the notices a.m., and I I a.m. for Masses, with Vespers of baptisms and marriages, &C., of the at 3 p.m. and Benediction at 7 p.m. The Catholics in the neighbourhood from 1729. I I o’clock Mass was the Missa. Cantata, It would seem thatduring the first and after the Gospel of this Ma,=S a sermon twenty years of the last century, this was preached. The preacher before his chapel formed the centre of Catholic wor- sermon read the English translation of the ship, but it was superseded by the erection and Gospel for theday, and his of many other Catholic Churches in its discourse was uponmoral topics, con- neighbourhood. troversy being excluded as a prohibited At the beginning of the last century subject. adispute arose as to whether Moorfields The congregation in these chapels, we orthe Sardinian Chapel, Lincoln’s Inn are told, wasimmense, the people being Fields, was the chief Metropolitan chapel, 38 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 39 and after much argument it was agreed by member of the congregation, and organist all parties that it should be decided in the in I 739, receiving a salary of 925 per following manner : twohackney-coaches, annum. ‘‘ He hadbeen broughtup a (predecessors of the four-wheeledcabs) Catholic by his parents, and although it has were engaged by different persons midway been said that he neglected his religion he betweenthe two chapels, andthe drivers was a constant attendant at the Sardinian were told to +ive “to theCatholic Chapel.” and Portuguese Embassies, and composed They both drove to Lincoln’s Inn Fields. .for the choir of the former two Masse,- The chapel wasregistered for the one in four, and the other in threeparts. solemnization of Marriages, 24th July, 1837. He died a devoutdeath, attended by all Anthony Le Jeune was organist in 1849. therites of religion ; hisfriend, Mr. His brotherCharles succeeded him, and Mawhood,recording it in hisdiary, 5th was also a fine musician. A Tantum Ergo March, 1778.” (Gillow, Bio. Dic.) Dr. wascomposed by Alessandro De Angioli Arne was buriedin St. Paul’s, Covent for theSardinian Chapel, and sung there Garden,without stone or memorial. (See for the first time by Signor Tamburini. It “ Knight’s London.”) is inscribed to theRev. Dr. Baldacconi, Mr. ThomasMawhood, of Finchley seniorChaplain atthis time. The organ andSmithfield, was a veryprominent accompaniment from the full score was figure at this time in all Catholic matters, written by AnthonyLe Jeune, then organist He seemsto have been one of the few to the chapel. Charles Le Jeune remained members of thecongregation who ven- as organist until his sudden death in r 901. tured to put pen to paper on Catholic sub- Another well-known musician, Thomas jects. His diary, which is in the possession Augustus Arne,Doctor of Music,, was a of Mr. Corney,into whose family Mr. 40 HISTORY OF THE.

Thomas . Mawhood’s daughterDorothy married,is, a curiousrecord of thepenal times. Even in hisprivate diary he did

notdare to write the word “ Mass,”but

wrote.. instead the words “ Sacra Sanct.”

I.Confession is describedas “the necessary,” %HighMass is written “ HighPrayers,”

.and. priestis “ Sacerdos.”

. .,Mr. Mawhood.. was a great friend ,of :Dr. ,$halloner, Bishop-Apostolic at this time ; and- the venerable Bishop wasa very constant. visitor at Mr.Mawhood’s house, gnd, as will be shown hereafter, was indefa- sigable in hisefforts to save the ‘old man from danger. Mr. Mawhood and his family wereconstant attendants at theShip .Tavern, in the. Club-room of which the . Bishop had established a small neighbour- .ing : Mission, in close associationwith

Lincoln’s.. , Inn Fields: A mention of this little mission is to be found in Fath,er

Price’s “ Sick Calls,” written in 1845, and from which I quote :-‘‘ Time was when it *was felony to preachthe Gospel,when SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 41

BishopTalbot was arraignedat a felon’s barfor saying Mass ; whenthe saintly Bishop Challoner used to meet a few of his persecuted flock at a public-house in Gate Street, Lincoln’sInn Fields, hiring the apartment by the year as a club-room, and onthe night of themeeting a sturdy Irishman at the door to admit none but the faithful,with theappointed watchword ; howthe same Vene,-able prelate,thus pitifullybowed downbycircumstances undercruel penal laws, came in coloured clothes, and preached a comfortable exhor- tation,much like his own series of medi- tations,and to save appearances, in case the Philistines should break in, with a pint of porterbefore him, which the good Bishop never tasted, but which was drunk reverently by one or other of the assembly as ‘ the Bishop’s beer ’.” Father Canty has related that an old lady of the name of Allenson, who lived in WildStreet, toldhim thatwhen she was young she used to be taken by her father l

SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 43 42 HISTORY OF THE almost as wretched, amongst the stables in to the Ship " Tavern, after the service in theSardinian Chapel, to be instructed in l WhetstonePark, Lincoln's InnFields; and her religion in anupper room.By many lastly, after the Bishop had preached for a the members of this little communi~ty were few weeks at the Sardinian Chapel there, believedto be Freemasons,and they, for he was silenced by the Ambassador at the instance of the Ministry. The Society obvious reasons, found it convenient not to then removed to a place rather more com- deny it. When Wild Street, which is men- tioned so often in connection with this modious, in Great Turnstile, Holborn. l' Dr. Challoner made it a . rule never mission, was pulled down,it drove 1,000 members of thecongregation toseek l to provide himself with house,a but paid a another place of worship, and so they were certainsum annually for lodgings and lost tothe mission. It is on part of the board, and he always confined his wants to site of the tenements then demolished that meredecent necessities, and all that was Peabody's Buildings now stand over and above he gave to the poor, with Dr.Challoner was mostzealous in the . a willing andcompassionate heart, and a administration of thediocese ; heestab- liberal hand. He it was who assisted Mrs. lished several new schools in theneigh- Carpue to found a School for Girls in I 760 bourhood of Lincoln's Inn Fields, and was in order to save Catholic parents the great the Founder of the Charitable Society. At expense of sending their children to foreign firsthe was accustomed topreach every Catholic schools. He assistedparents in Sunday to this Society, composed of poor i payingthe fees, andforseveral years as and middle classes, which assembled in a manyas thirty-four girls were paid for, miserableand ruinous apartment in Clare entirely or in part, by him. Findingthat Market. Thence they removed to a room the school for girls that he had established 44 .HISTORY OF THE was so successful, Dr. Challoner established a schad for boyS.on the same principle, in I ~63: Upwards of 1,000children were i educated in this school.” (Barnard’s “ Life of Challoner.”) “We.mustnow speak of the. charities, which in the year 18I I were incorporated inwhat was, called “ The Associated Catholic Charities,” and fromwhich the present schoolsin GateStreet, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, have sprung. To give a clear idea’ of the. scope and origin of these charities, it will be,secessary to go back to the year 1764, when “The Society for

Educating PoorCatholic Children ’l was instituted by the Rev. Henry Peach, a zealous missionaryattached to thesardinian Chapel, who drew up the original rules, whichwere adopted at the first annual meeting of.the committee, atthe Blue

Posts, inCockpit Alley, on October 7th, l ,1764. Father Peach served this mission ten years, but he does not appear to have taken part in the working of the Society SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 45

after the first year. He died at St. Omer, in I 78 I. In I 765' more extended rules were drawn up by the Rev. Henry Horne, who, together with the Rev. John Sudell, both of Sardinian House, Rev. Augustine Lambe,and several other priests, appear then,or shortly afterwards, to have been the principal supporters of the Charity, in

' union with many of the prominent Catholic merchantsand tradespeople. Mr. Charles Carpue, of Knightsbridge, was Treasurer, and Mr. EdwardCarpue, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, was Secretary. The former was succeeded by SirThomas Fleetwood, Bart., in I 773, and thelatter resigned his post through ill-health in I 792. He died soon after, and left the Society a bequest of A300, being succeeded in his office by Mr.Darley, who continued to hold it till the Society was incorporated in the Associated Catholic Charities in 181I. The second Charitybore the title of the

" Beneficent Society for Apprenticingthe Children of Poor Catholic Parents," estab- 46 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 47 lished in 1784. andthe third, (‘The Society for over forty years--I 786-1829- Laudable Association for Raising a Fund and was presentedon his retirement by for theMaintenance and Education of that body-in gratitude for his services- Poor Catholic Children,” originated in the with a silver urn, and later with ,& L ,000. humbleendeavours of severalworking As Mr. Butler was for many years a men,who assembled in 1797, at the member of thecongregation of theSar- dinian Chapel, and a very constant attend- Mariners,a public-house in Fore ’ Street, andsubscribed each .onepenny aweek antthere, it maynot be out of place to towards the education of the poor. give here a short sketch of himself and of “ “ The Associated Catholic Charities ” his life, taken from the CatholicMaga- had, in 1822, five great schools ; two in the zine ” in I 82 2. vicinity of Moorfields, one in Gate Street, “ Mr.Butler’s appearance was digni- Lincoln’s InnFields, and two in Maryle- fied andgentlemanly. Methinks I seethe bone, in which about 700 children of both good old man crossing the areaof Lincoln’s sexeswere educated. Some years later Inn,towards his chamberson the right- -viz., in 1838-there weretwo schools hand side of the way ; his step is firm, his belongingto Lincoln’s Inn Fields, where black silk stockings are studiously put on about 1,000 childrenwere educated. The with an effort of neatness, and though his schools of the Association were under the look isdowncast, eighty years have not spiritualdirection of thechaplains of the occasioned a stoop in hisshoulders. He churchnearest them.to Mr. Charles was abovethe middle size, hisfeatures Butler, K.C., nephew to the famous Alban wereheavy, fleshy, andthe eye was not Butler,and himself a prolific writer on particularly brilliant, but the forehead was Catholicsubjects, was secretaryto this redolent of intellect. Thoughrather 48 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 49 impatient, he was one of the mostkind- in 18I I, but was not entirely carried into hearted of men. His friendsloved, his effect until 18I 2. It consists of what was family adored him, and he took delight in formerly three societies-one for educating, making the fortune of all the young barris- one for apprenticing,and one to provide terswho studied under him. He lived in for destitute orphans. It has some funded GreatOrmond Street, and practised as a property, but it all consists of subscriptions in Lincoln’s InnFields. In 1775 anddonations, obtained in thecourse of he set- up businessfor himself, and entered theyear, which in the period of the last at Lincoln’s Inn, but it was not till the year threeyears amounted to about ic;2,000 a I 791, when the Barwas thrown open to year. The generalaverage of children Catholics, thathe wasduly called. He educated in thisestablishment is between died January 2nd, 1832, aged 82.” 600 and 700, in five schools, three for boys Another member of this congregation, and two for girls, in different parts of the whoshould bementioned in connection town. Part of themare clothed, justto with the “ Associated Charities,” was Mr. allow them to attendDivine Service on Joseph Booker, a bookseller and publisher Sundaysand other days, and twenty in New Bond Street. He seemsto have orphans are kept and maintained. Besides givenevidence before the Committee of the five schools belonging to the Associa- Education,an extract from which is of tion, and the St. Patrick’s schools, there is interest as bearing on the Catholic charities a school in St. Giles-in-the-Fields and there at this period. is another attached to the Virginia Street

“ Mr. Joseph Booker, secretary to the Chapel, one at Somers Town, and one at ‘Association of CatholicCharities,’stated the Rotherhithe. He conceived,there were nature of the association, which commenced parts in the metropolis where new schools 50 HISTORY 01; THE forCatholics woulcl be;L[l~;Int;l~eoLIs, ILut none were in conten1l)lation ;It present. L-i~~ increasing attention to th(: Charit!- Schools for the pooramong-st thc: Catholics hac1 been visible of late >-c:;m. ‘I‘hc: fulltls of the ‘Zssociated Charitic:..;’wcre not ciltircl). sufficientfor this ollj(:ct, hilt ;ln incrcase was expected.” ( Orthodox J~LII-K~,” vol. iv., page 318.) Mr.Joseph Booker \V;LS for many years ;F most active membcr of the Catholic body,and seems to have been ;L peat benefactorto the schools in Gate Strect attached to thismission. 1-IC. t1ic:tl in February, 1837, and a nlcmorialcross bearing his name still stmcls in thc court- yard fronting the schools. ??1 hc inscription, now obliterated, ran as follo\vs :-

“ Of your charity, p!-for the repose of the soul of Joseph J3ool;er, many years HonorarySecretary of the ’ Associated Charities,’ whose interests he 1)romoted with the greatest zeal and devotion. St.~Mary’s Schools, GateStreet, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. This monument was erected by public ‘Showing the fine Crosserected to the hlemory of Mr. Bookers. SARDINIANCHAPEL. 51

st!bscriptionto, his memory A.D., 1839. pafer. Ave. Amen.” It will benoticed thatthis memorial . was noterected until twoyears after Mr. Booker’s death. At a meeting of the Society held shortlyafter his death-viz., onMarch 2 Ist, I 837, much regret was expressed “on the occasion of the death of Mr.Joseph Booker, of New Bond Street, whclse invaluable services as Hon. General Secretary of the ‘ Associated Catholic Cha- rities ’ for many years have secured for him thegrateful and affectionate memory of his fellow labourers, theGovernors and Committees of that Institution.” ,4nd here, perhaps, it may not be out of place tomzke mention of another old member of the congregation, Mr. Sampson Lowe, the old bookseller, whowas a striking figure in drab breeches and white stockings, who might often be seen wend- ing his way acrossthe fields to the Sardinian Chapel- And now we must go back forty years, E2 52 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 53 to Dr: Challoner, and the stirring times of of a descent upon Ireland by the Spaniards, the Lord George Gordon riots. ‘ in ordertherefore to conciliate theIrish a In 1778 an Act of Parliamentwas Relief Act was passed in the Irish Parlia- passed in England“for relieving Her ment, followed by a similar Act in England. Majesty’ssubjects professing the Popish Catholicswent in thousandsto take this religion from certain penalties and disabili- oath,and demonstrate their allegiance to tiesimposed upon them by an Act of the King andcountry. With the object of I Ith and I 2th year of the reign of King getzngthis Act repealed, the Protestants, William III., providing that the benefit of who werebitterly hostile to any measure theAct would be allowed toany person, which tendedtoemancipate Catholics, whowithin thespace of sixcalendar formed a ‘ Protestant Association,’ and on monthsafter the passing of the saidAct Friday,June 2nd, 1780, theymet to should take an oath in the following form, presenttheir petition to theHouse of etc. :-l‘ ThisAct put a stopto all such Commons. Their numbers were estimated persecutions as that of the informer Payne, by theLondon journalists at 50,000, or and was of immense relief to all Catholics, even IOO,OOO. They assembled in St. for by it they were allowed to take an oath George’s Fields at, ten in the morning, led of allegiance to the Crownof Great Britain, by Lord George Gordon, who joined them without taking at the same time the oaths at I I o’clock. The parchmentcontaining of supremacy, and the declaration against thesignatures to the petitionwas carried ,either of which oaths on a man’s head, and was so weighty that impliedapostacy andrenunciation of thebearer could scarcelymove under it. Catholicity. England was atthis time at Part of the mobwent to the Sardinian war with France and America, and, in fear Ambassador’schapel in DukeStreet, ..

SAKDINIAN CHAPEL. 55 54 HISTORY OF THE Lincoln’s InnFields, where they broke . arrived,and prevented further acts of openthe door of the chapel and pulled violence. The ‘ Protestant Association ’ down the rails, seats, pews,C:lmmunion gained almost complete mastery of London, table, &C., broughtthem into the street, which seemed like ‘a city taken by storm.’ laid them against the doors, and set them LordGeorge Gordon frequently on fire, and in abouttwenty minutes the addressedthe mob in termscalculated to inflame their passions, expressly stating to chapel caught fire. The mobwouldn’t -. suffer anybody to endeavour to extingulsh themthat the people of Scotländhad no it. Abouteleven the guards came ; the redress until they pulled down the Popish engines atthis time began to play, ‘the chapels. ” guards tookseveral of theringleaders, On Mondaythey extended their butby the assistance of themob some devastationsto other parts of the town, madetheir escape: At twelve o’clock the and Sir George Savill’s house in Leicester inside of the chapel was entirely consumed, Fields was totallydemolished, hehaving andthe house over the gateway much had thehonour to be the first mover of damaged. The houses of theSardinian the Bill. andBavarian Ambassadors were broken During these riots every person who into and much damage done. had occasion to walk in the street put on On Sunday,June 4th, at five a blue cockade-in fact, there was no safety o’clock in the afternoon,the Sardinian without this badge of riot. Canon Bamber Chapelwas again attacked, the repairs has related that an old lady, Mrs. Riordan, madethe day before destroyed,and pre- of Southampton Row,Russell Square, parationsmade to pull downthe walls, told him that her parents at that time kept whenthe guard from SomersetPalace a shop in Oxford Street (thencalled Oxford 56 HISTORY OF THE SAKDINIAN CHAPEL. 57

Road), No. 27, andthat their shopman During the riots a Jesuit Father, the declared to them that every house that had Rev. Sir George Mannock, Bart., came in not the words, ‘‘ No Popery,” chalked on companywith an Anglicanparson. the the doors would be molested by the mob. Rev. Mr. Warren,to view the blazing Their Catholicpropensities protested chapelfrom a short distance. The mob, againstthe indignity, and they positively in its blind rage,mistook theparson for refused to allow thisto be done,but the I one of thepriests who had escaped, and shopman, having his employers’ interest at shouting, l‘ APopish Priest ! ” seized the heart,after he had shut upfor the night, amazedparson, and, in spite of hispro- chalked up the obnoxious words, unknown !4 testationsand entreaties, was aboutto to his master, and so their house escaped. immolatehim in the flames whenSir Malcolm, writing on the Lord George George,who possessed a commanding

GordonRiots in I 780, states :-l‘ There presence,and of coursewas in the dress were thousands of them [the mob] at the of a gentleman of the period (as no priest SpanishAmbassadors, they notleaving dared to appearat this time in clerical any wainscot within the houseor chapel, garb),stepped forward, and assured the taking away great quantities of plate, with 1 infuriated rabble, upon his word of honour, muchmoney and household goods, and .. thatheknew theperson they took for a writings,verifying theproverb : ‘All fish Popish priest to be a Protestant clergyman. thatcomes to my net.’ The spoil of the The mobbelieved him, and thus a Jesuit house was very great, divers Papists hav- t savedthe life of a Protestantparson. ingtheir goods sent thither, as judging Indeed, it is related that this was not the thatthe securest place.” (“ Malcolm’s ! only time that Sir George did this service

~ Anecdotes.”) ! to an Anglicanparson. I 58 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 59

Mrs. Marlow Sidney has left us a per- c Atthe Sessions held from the 28th sonal description of Sir George Mannock, Juneto the 4th July, amongst thirty-five which runsas follows :-"Sir George rioterscondemned to death, were the fol- wore silk or velvetcoats, made in, the lowing : James Henry, one of the foremost most fashionable style, ruffles of the finest in burning Langdale S distillery, and Joseph lace,bag-wig, diamond ring, pin and Lindo,apprehended taking a folio and a buckles, with hissword conspícuous- ! velvetcushion from theRoyal Sardinian in fact, his appearance,according to his Chapel when on fire. intention(and as atthat time waspru- The mob guttedthe house of Mr. dent), was the remotest possible from that Maberley, of LittleQueen Street, for of, apriest or aJesuit. (l' A Hundred givingevidence against the rioters,and Years Ago.") 8 other parties destroyed the Popish chapels I The distinguishedlawyer, Wedder- in theirrespective routes, insulted the burn,then Attorney-General, was aneye- Catholics, plundered their houses, brought witness of all that passed, and venturing to out and set fire to the furniture', and threat- upbraidthe firemen with cowardice in enedextirpation ' tothe whole sect.' A standing idly by their engines, not daring Proclamationwas issued, offering A500 to use them, was at once set upon by the reward for the discovery of thepersons rabble, to the cry of " No Popery," a spy, concerned in destroying the Sardinian and lads, a spp !" and he with difficulty escaped BavarianChapels. In the meantime,Lord with his life. He fortified his private Petre's house, in ParkLane, that of house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, vowing that Messrs. Forster,Neal 8r Beavis, near at leastone Englishman should be found LittleTurnstile, and that of Mr. Cox, willing to brave to the death the tyrants of "GreatQueen Street, with those of many the Association, l l

60 HISTORY OF THE other Catholics in obscure parts of the town were ‘ among the triumphs of the night, which were celebrated by the general illumination,by order of the governing mob, who were now masters of the City of I London and Westminster.’’ Many persons died of fright, and many others went mad ; nine at one time are mentioned asbeing taken to Bethlehem Hospital, their senses having bcen dis- ordered on account of their misfortunes and distresses in the riots.

“ During the sacking of the church in Duke Street, a certain Mrs. Roberts took the sacred . plate from the , and whilst the rioters were trying to burn down the chapel carried it toa priest who . was hiding at the ‘ Ship’ Tavern, at the corner of Turnstile, Gate Street, Holborn, and ashe was fasting he said Mass in thanksgiving for the preservation of the and the sacred vessels, in a room on the first floor, upon- an altar-stone laid on a table, with a cloth doubled three SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 61 times, two candles and a cross, and a small Missal which a priest took out of his pocket, and Mrs. Robertsserved the Mass.” The organ in theSardinian Chapel was totally destroyed by the mob, and a cat, dressed in miniature priest’s vestments, with a mock Host,or wafer in its paws, was hanged to the lamp-post at the Church door. Theyhished up with thedestruc- tion of the“Ship” Tavern in Holborn Turnstile,because they swore, and truly, that Mass was sometimes said there.” (Alexius Mills ‘‘ GordonRiots.”)

We read in the ‘l Gentleman’s Maga- zine,” June, I 780, that amongst the valu- ablesdestroyed at the Sardinian Chapel by the rioters was “the beautiful painting overthe altar in the chapel by Spagna- letto,the gift of the ChevalierCasali, which is said tohave cost ~2,500.”This picture appears to have been paid for after- wards by the Government, and a copy of thesame was in the following yearsub- stituted, and erected in its place. It would 62 HISTORY OE THE. SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 63 appear to be very uncertain as towho made And now to return to the ßishop. At the copy of this picture. The followingverses this time the life of Dr. Challoner was in from the “ Universal Magazine” for April, great danger. Tidings were brought on the I 78 I, gives the artist’s nameof the original night of Friday, June 2nd, to the Bishop’s as Beaumont,and his pupil, 1M. Rigaud, residence in CastleStreet, Holborn, at as the painter of the present altar-piece. eleven o’clock, after he had gone bed,to that On theother hand, Mr. Heckethorn, therioters intended, after destroying the who has written a most interesting account Sardinian Chapel, tovisit Bishop Challoner, of “ Lincoln’s Inn Fields and the Localities seizehis person, and burn his house. His Adjacent,”gives the name of the copyist chaplains,therefore, awakened the Bishop asWest. out of his sleep and tried to persuade him On seeing the Altar-piece lately put up at the Sardiuian Ambassador’sChapel. to go to the country house of Mr. William Thy name, O Beaumont,* may with justice claim Mawhood,situated at Finchley. This A rank superior in the rolls of fame ; gentlemanhad also a house in London Thy art the power of death itself survives- For still thy genius in thy pupilt lives. to. which hewent daily to ascertain the Though furious zeal and vulgar rage conspire progress of events, and he found that the To doom thy work to unrelenting fire, Yet, Phœnix-like, their malice it defies- rioterson Tuesday, 6th June, had visited We see another from its ashes rise, his town house, and threatened to return to Worthy its fire-and, prejudice apart, The eye of candour and the feeling heart, it and destroy it, and afterwards to destroy Shall own the scholar’s art may urge a claim, hiscountry house. He thereforeadvised To share, if not support, his master’s fame. This the impartial gen’rous Cordon: saw, the Bishop to set out for the residence of And sought the public voice with his to draw. another Catholicfriend further off from To add to well-earned fame may merit praise; He thought it nobler far a name to raise. London. *The name of the artist who painted the picture which was burnt in the late riots. “ On the next day, after dinner, which t Mr.,Kiyaud, who painted the present, was pupil to the above. l $Marquis deCordon, the Sardinian Ambassador. l’I. 64 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIANCHAPEL. 65 was overat half-past one o’clock, the suffered much anxiety. He wasninety Bishopwent to his apartmentto recom- yearsold, and the affliction which he felt mend himself to God beforecommencing when he found his chapel demolished, and his journey. He continued in prayerfor manyCatholics deprived of themeans of the space of an hour ; the coach was wait- public worship, and even the place where ing at the door, and the family were under he himself used topreach burned to the some uneasiness lest during his delay the ground,preyed upon his spirits. He did rioters should come to seize his person.” notlive longafter his return to London. “ At length the Bishop appeared, but He was seized with paralysis as he sat at instead of goingto the coach wentinto table, andexpired later at hishouse in theparlour, and told his family that ‘ he Queen’s SquarP, I 2th January, I 78 I. who dwells in the help of the Most High ‘I Dr.Challoner was a man of great shall abideunder the protection of the learningand ability, and the memory of God of Heaven.’ He thensaid that he few men is held in greaterveneration.” hadchanged his mindand would not (Barnard’s ‘LLife of Dr.Challoner.”) depart, and that the master of the house His remainswere interred in the ‘ might lay aside his fears, for hewas family vault of Mr. Brian Barret,at certain that no harm would happen either Milton, near Abingdon, Berks. The rector to his country house or tohis town house.’ ” of theparish, the Rev. J. G. Warner, Next morning news arrived that the hasinserted this record of theevent in militaryhad quelled the riots, andthat theregister : - “ AnnoDomini, I 78 I, order was re-established.But although January 22nd,buried the Rev.Richard BishopChalloner hadescaped personal Challoner,Popisha priest and ‘Titular violence duringthe wicked riots he Bishop of Londonand Salisbury. A very F . 66 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 67

pious and good man, of great learning and arrived in Londononly a few daysafter extensive abilities.’’ the furiousmob had burnedthe chapels hasbeen mentioned thatduring It and plundered and destroyed the houses of theriots acertain Mrs. Roberts, having Catholics. Underthese circumstances it savedthe sacred vessels,took them to a was more necessary than ever to assemble priest in hiding in Great Turnstile. “ This in secrecy for the celebration of the Holy was thecelebrated James Archer, D.D., Mass, and it is relatedthat when Dr. bornin London I 7th November, I 75 L, Archer commencedhis preaching in the who was the son of Peter Archer and his club-room atthe ‘ Ship,’ as was the wife, BridgetLahey. He wasemployed customwhen Dr.Challoner was present, atthe public-house called the ‘ Ship ’ in pots of beer were placed on the tables as a Turnstile, Lincoln’s InnFields, where, ‘blind.’ He was a mosteloquent pulpit ashas been already mentioned, Catholics orator, and an indefatigablemissionary. His wereaccustomed for many years to meet whole missionary career for half a century for divineservice in a large club-room. wasearnestly devoted to preaching the His devout behaviour and natural abilities gospelon each returning Sunday, and it coming under the notice of Dr. Challoner, is thoughtthat he never missed one he was sentto Douay College in 1769. through all that extended period.” Here he was ordained priest, and in June, “ He is described as veryshort in I 780, returned to London to commence his stature,perhaps not more than fivefeet labourson the mission, and in thevery oneor two ; buthe hada magnificent public-housein which he hadformerly head, his brow was wonderfully ample and served. This was the year of the Gordon intellectual, and his deep grey eyes shone riots ; indeed, the newly-ordained missioner with a flashing brilliancy until hisseven- F2 r-- 68 HISTORY OF THE SAKUINIAN CHAPEL. 69

tiethyear and upwards. His voice was Though I took in these discrepancies at a silvery in tone,musical, and wonderfully glance, I thoughtnot of them,but of the distinct in thepulpit. He wasjustly con- mind and heart they concealed.” sidered the most eloquent preacher of his For many years Dr. Archer wasvicar- time in England.” 1 General of theLondon District ; andthe The Rev. Edward Price gives a long Pope, in recognition of hismissionary description of Dr. Archer in a footnote to labours,his talents as a preacher,and his

one of his missionarystories in “ Sick publishedworks, conferred upon him the Calls,” of which the following is an extract : degree of D.D. at the same date with Dr.

“ Shortlyafter my conversion, in Lingard,Dr. Fletcher, and Dr. Gradwell. the year I 822, I sawthe venerable little ‘‘ He found a peaceful andhappy end in man for the firsttime ovt of the pulpit. the fanlily of Mr. Booker, the publisher, in He wasbusily employed in lookingover whose house he had resided for more than some books in front of an old shop in twenty-fiveyears. He died22nd August, Holborn. I stoodbehind him for more 1834, aged 82.” (Gillow, Bio.Dic.) than five minutes,gazing with reverence Inthe year 1836, Mgr. Pecci, after- upon himwhose eloquent sermons had wardsPope Leo XI I I., duringthe time been so mainly instrumental in promoting thathe wasNuncio at Brussels,paid a myconversion. His dresswas certainly visit toLondon, and said Mass atthe ratherslovenly. A long brown great-coat, SardinianChapcl ; Mrs.Mead, a member much the worsefor wear, nearly down to of thecongregation, receiving her first his heels ; an old broad-brimmed hat, and from his hands. In 1902, thick-soled shoes a world toowide for his PopeLeo told thepresent rector of the 70 HISTORY OF THE SAKDINIANCHAPEL. 71 Mass in Lincoln’s InnFields, and on this the place of wine, a collection of the most occasion sent his blessing tothe congre- splendidvestments, which had nodoubt gation. been placed there forsafety. It issaid During the years that Dr. Baldacconi that these vestments were the gift of, and wasMissionary Rector-1824-1 84z-the some of themwere worked by, Anne of SardinianChapel possesseda very fine Savoy, wife of CharlesFelix, and bear , choir, which was addedto now and embroidered on them the arms of Sardinia. againby members of theItalian Opera We should not neglect to chronicle House, who gave their services gratuitously that in 1842 “a tea-party took place in aid on great festivals. On one occasion, when of thefunds of the Lincoln’s InnFields a grand Dirge was sung for the sister of AuxiliarySchools, at theHighbury Barn the famoussinger, Grisi, the church was Tea Gardens ; zoo guests werepresent, packedwith afashionable congregation. underthe presidency of Dr. Baldacconi. Amongstthe performers were Lablache, ‘Afterthe warwith china had been Rubini, Tamburini,Persiani, and Grisi brought to an end, without any casualties,’ herself. The tickets on this occasion were the Rev. Chairman spoke on behalf of the sold for 10s. apiece. 570 children underhis charge. The Rev. It has been related by a former mem- Mr. Hearne, also of the Sardinian Chapel. ber of the congregation that at this time, spoke in the same good cause. A respect- whilst Dr. Baldacconi was entertaining a ablesubscription was thenentered into, party of friends at dinner,he suggested Dr. Griffiths,Bishop of theLondon Dis- thatthey should open a case of wine, trict,forwarding L2 towards the Schools. which had long laid unopened in the cellar; Afterthe tea-party wasconcluded, a ball and great was their amazement to find, in ensued,and a few goodsongs varied the 72 HISTORY'OF THE . entertainment." (" TheTrue Tablet," Sept.Ioth, 1842.)

" A fortnight later, when speaking at themonthly meeting of the Catholic Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, held at the Catholic Temperance Hall, Clement's Lane Passage,the chair was occupied by the Rev. Mr. Hearne, of the Sardinian Chapel. The Institutehad been in existence for fouryears, and during that time haddis- tributedabout half-a-million tracts. It was noted that many conversions had been the result of the distribution of the tracts, but many of them weremuch too learned for the ' majority of thereaders. The Rev. Mr.Moore, of VirginiaStreet Chapel, in an amusingspeech in praise of theInsti- tute,hoped. that ail thosepresent would live to accompany O'Connel1 toWest- minster Abbey, and hear-him (Mr. Moore) say Mass in the venerable edifice ; eo hear him also saying Mass in St. Paul's Rev. J. FAÀ DI BRUNO. Cathedral, whilst the shade of Christopher Served the Snrdininn Chapel, Lincoln's Inn Figlds, jvom 1848 to 1857. Wren hoveredaround the vast building,

SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 75 74 HISTORY OF THE -Dr.Faa Brunodi was in midstthe of One of the residentclergy of the his sermonhis crywhen a of Fire !” wasSardinian Chapel hasdescribed the fearful raised from the outside ; a rush was made scene he hadwitnessed at King’s College down the crazystaircase, the post which Hospital,where he had hastened to give supported it gave way, the stairs fell with partial relief tothe sufferers. The priests acrash, and a hundredor more helpless remained until long past midnight, attend- individuals were hurled pell-mell upon each ingthe dying, and soothing the pains of other toa great depthbelow ; were trampled the living with the mysteries of religion. upon,stunned, crushed and mutilated. The fi;e-engine had arrived,and a The excitement wasawful. The window dense crowd of the lowest scum of London was dashedout ; severallept a fall of 30 had gathered ‘at the scene of the accident. feet intothe street ; shrieksand screams Dr. Faa di Bruno, with the in his filled the air. hand,s, still dressed in his habit of religion, Dr. Faa di Bruno thundered forth at withno hat on his head, was hustled and thetop hisof powerful voicefor the people driven by the mob, and it was with the to remain quiet,andstayto with him. He greatest difficulty thathereached at last a held the crucifixconjuredandhigh, on place of safety. them inname the ofdo livingthe toGod The Rev.Raphael Melia, D.D., SO. Hundredsmusthaveperished. The P.S.M., came to Lincoln’s FieldsInn in floorwas weak and crazy-it was a verytheyear 1844, and commencedwork there ancienttenement, and all hadrushed to for the most partduring thetroubles which thebroken stair. The flooring would pro- followed the influx of theIrish into London bably have beenprecipitated into the at the time of the Irish famine. Dr. Melia yawningdepth below, but 500 obeyed his wasremarkable hisfor zeal andspirit of voice and remained. 76 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 77

prayer.During his thirtyyears and more for a short time attached to St. Anselm and of labour in this country, he never allowed St. Cecilia’s, after which he was appointed himself more than four hours’ sleep, being confessor to Cardinal Wiseman, and to the as regularand punctual as a novice,and Italians resident in London. alwaysfinding employment for the hours And now we come to the year I 850, he devotedto work. It is saidthat he and with it the restorationof thc Hierarchy, livedamongst the poor and in hiscon- a time of greattriumph and rejoicing fessional, where he was invariably found up amongstthe English Catholics. “ The toa late hour at night. To Pius IX. he news of therestoration of theCatholic was well known,and was called by him Hierarchyand of theelevation of Arch- un sant umzo, and by this name Dr. Melia bishopWiseman to the College of Cardi- wasknown to the crowds who were his nalscreated a ferment in Englandamong friends,andwere devoted to him.” Protestants. The Bishops of theEstab- (Gillow, Bio. Ilic.) lishmentwere irritated, and complained WhenDr. Melialeft theSardinian that Pius IX. hadcommitted a political Chapel, he travelled in Italy, Germany, and aggression upon thepeople and crown of Spain, to money for churches, where England. Lord John Russell wrote in hasty men of every nationality could find a priest petulancethe famous Durham letter, and capable of understandingtheir language theP.trliament enacted the Ecclesiastical and needs, and the present fine Church of Titles Bill, with a view to defeat the measure St.Peter, Hatton Garden, opened on the adopted by the Holy See for the Ecclesias- 16th April, 1863, is the standing memorial tical government of BritishCatholics. of his labours. Cardinal Wiseman exerted himself to allay His brother, the Rev. Pius Melia, was the popularferment by appealingto the SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 79 78 HISTORY OF THE at whichitwas published, giving also reasonand sense of Englishmen. He theaddress tothe Queen, mentioned issued anaddress to English people and above, and another address from the mem- also to the Queen. The judgment he dis- bers of the congregation at the Sardinian played in this emergency, and the respect Chapeltothe Cardinal. shouldIt be in which he was held by men of all creeds mentioned here that Cardinal Wiseman, in andconditions, had no slight influence in the of 1835, had delivered a course calmingthe agitation of theprotestants, of sermonsupon controversial subjects in and inducing them to lay aside their fears the RoyalSardinian Chapel. It comprised of a measure, which was in no way intended sevenlectures, and was honoured by a as an attack upon , andwhich numerousattendance. keepingIn the wasnot introduced through any political celebration of thepromulgation of the enmityto Great Britain. His installation dogma of theImmaculate Conception the took place withoutdisturbance. He re- Cardinalcarried the Blessed Sacrament ceived thecongratulations of persons in in procession in this Chapel. high station, and on December 2 Ist, 1850, To thosewho have not seen or read he yas presentedwith anaddress by thePastoral Letters issuedby Cardinal English Catholics.” (“ Annals of the Cath. Wiseman,it will be of interestto reprint Hier.,” Maziere Brady.) the first onehe wrote as Cardinal, which It is interesting to reproduce, for the conveyedto the people of thisland the benefit of our readers who may have never all-importantinformation that the Holy had an opportunity of reading it, the fine Father had thought it wise and prudent to Pastoral,written by Cardinal Wiseman, restorethe Hierarchy to England, and onthe “ Restoration of theHierarchy,” underthis new order of thingsto create which made such a sensation atthe time 80 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 81

Wisemanthe first CardinalArchbishop authority of any of hersuccessors, in all andMetropolitan. The re-establishment temporalmatters, and insuch concerns of the Hierarchyin England, which marked protestingtheir loyalallegiance. Whether suchprogress of theCatholic Church in thisaddress was actually presented, we thisland, was thesignal for a general haveno authoritative information to say, uprising against the Church on the part of but a copy of it is in the archives of this herenemies. The usualfalse accusations Mission, and so probably it was presented. werebrought against her with renewed An address about this time wasalso pre- vigour, the ignorant were told that this was sentedto Cardinal Wiseman. This has a newattempt against their liberty, and moreinterest to us, asit wasdrawn thatthe Pope of Romewas seeking to up and signed by the leading members of rule the English people, and, in fact, that a thisparish. and is numberedamongst the foreigninvasion was imminent. Wiseman treasures of the Mission. Thisaddress hadno cordial' reception from Protestant als:, wereprint showing, as it does, the Englandon his return from Rome,by close connectionthat existed between the reason of hisfamous Pastoral " given out Cardinaland the Sardinian Chapel, and of theFlaminian Gate of Rome,this how anxious theold members of this parish seventhday of October, in theyear of -one ortwo of whomare yet living- OurLord MDCCCL." So bitterwas the were, to offer some consolation to Cardinal feelingengendered by the inimicallydis- Wiseman during the time that Protestant posed,that an address was drawnup by Englandhad but slight favour to show the Catholics of that day for presentation him. to the Queen, which we reprint, disowning any intention to usurp her authority, or the

G ‘NVCUBSIM 1VNIQhV9

3H.L 60 AXOLSIH 28 SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 83 you in ourLord Christ Jesus, with moretender emotions of paternallove; now dothour soul yearn,and our mouth is open toyou; though words must fail to express what we feel, on being onceagain permitted toaddress you. For if our parting was in sorrow, and we durst not hope that we shouldagain face to face beholdyou, OUT beloved flock ; so much thegreater is now our consolationand our joy, when we find ourselves, not so much permitted, as commissioned, to return to you, by theSupreme Ruler of theChurch of Christ. But how can we, for one moment, indulge in selfish feelings, when through that loving Father's generous and wise counsels the greatest of bless- ings has just been bestowed upon our country, by therestoration of itstrue Catholic hierarchical government, in communion with the See of Peter? Foron the twenty-ninth day of last month, on the Feast of the Archangel St. Michael, Prince of the Heavenly Host, His Holiness Pope Pius IX. was graciously pleasedto issue his letters Apostolic, under the Fisherman's Ring, conceived in terms of greatweight and dignity, wherein he substituted, for the eight Apostolic Vicariates heretofore exist- ing, one Archiepiscopal or Metropolitan and Twelve Episcopal Sees ; repealing at the same time, and annulling, all dispositionsand enactments, made 84 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 85 for England by the Holy See, with reference to its private Consistory which we attended, the Church late form of ecclesiastical government. of St. Pudentiana, in which St. Peter is groundedly And by a Brief datedthe same day, His believed tohave enjoyed the hospitality of the Holiness was further pleased to appoint us, though noble, andpartly British, family of theSenator most unworthy, to theArchiepiscopal See of West- Pudens. minster, established by the above mentioned letters In that same Consistory we were enabled our- Apostolic, giving .LIS at the same time the Adminis- selves toask for the Archiepiscopal , for tration of theEpiscopal See of Southwark. So our newSee of Westminster ; andthis day we that at present, and till such time as the Holy See have been invested, by the hands of the Supreme shall think fit otherwise to provide, we govern, and Pastorand Pontiff himself, with thisbadge of shall continue to govern, the countiesof Middlesex, Metropolitan jurisdiction. Hertford and Essex, as Ordinary thereof, and those The great work then is complete ; what you of Surrey, Sussex, Kent, Berkshire and Hampshire, have long desired and prayed for is granted. Your withthe islands annexed, as Administratorwith beloved countryhas received a placeamong the Ordinary jurisdiction. fairChurches, which, normally constituted, form Further we have to announce to you, dearly thesplendid aggregate of CatholicCommunion: beloved in Christ,that, as if stillfurther to add Catholic England has been restored to its orbit in solemnityand honour before the Church to this the ecclesiasticalfirmament, from which its light nobleact of Apostolic authority,and to give an had long vanished, and begins anew its course of additionalmark of paternalbenevolence towards regularlyadjusted action, round the centre of the Catholics of England, His Holiness was pleased unity, the source of jurisdiction, of light andvigour. to raise us, in the private Consistory of Monday, How wonderfully all this has been brought about, the30th of September,to the rank of Cardinal how clearly the Hand of God has been shown in Priest of theHoly Roman Church. And on the every step we have not now leisure to relate ; but Thursday next ensuing, being the third day of this we mayhope soon to recount to you by word of month of October, in public Consistory, he delivered mouth. In the meantime we will content ourselves to us the insignia of this dignity, the Cardinalitial with assuring you that, if the concordant voice of Hat; assigning us afterwards for our title, in the those venerable and most eminent Counsellors to 86 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL 87

whom theHoly See commits the regulation of their own pain, over the desolate ways of their own Ecclesiastical affairs in Missionary countries, of the Sionand the departure of England’s religious over-ruling of evèryvariety of interestsand glory;oh, how mustthey bless God, who hath designs, tothe rendering of thismeasure almost again visited His people, how take part in our joy, necessary, if theearnest prayers of our holy as they see the lamp of the temple again enkindled Pontiff and his most sacred of the Divine andrebrightening, as they behold thesilver links Sacrifice,added tohis own deepand earnest of thatchain which hasconnected their country reflection,can form to the Catholic heart an with the See of Peter in its Vicarial Government, earnest of heavenlydirection, an assurance that changedinto burnished gold ; notstronger nor theSpirit of Truth,who guides the Church, has more closely knit,but more beautifully wrought hereinspired its supreme head, we cannot desire and more brightly arrayed. stronger or more consoling evidence that this most And in nothing will it be fairer or brighter important measure is from God, has His sanction than in this,that the glow of morefervent love and blessing, and will consequently prosper. will be upon it. Whatever our sincere attachment Then truly is this a day of joy and exaltation and unflinching devotion to the Holy See till now, of spirit,’ the crowning day of long hopes, and the there is a new ingredient cast into these feelings : openingday of brightprospects. HOW must the a warmergratitude, a tendereraffection, a pro- saints of our country, whether Roman or British, founder admiration, a boundless and endless sense Saxon or Norman, look down from their seats of of obligation for so new, so great, so sublime a gift, bliss with beaming glance upon this new evidence will be addedto past senîjpents of loyaltyand of the Faith and Church which led them to glory, fidelity tothe supreme Qee of Peter.Our sympathisingwith those who have faithfully Venerable Pontiff has shown himself a true Shep- adheredto them through centuries of ill repute, herd, a trueFather; and we cannotbut express for the truth’s sake, and now reap the fruit of their our gratitude to him in our most fervent language, patience and long suffering.And all those blessed in thelanguage of prayer. For when we raise martyrs of these latter ages, who have fought the our voices, as is meet, in loud and fervent thanks- battles of theFaith under such discouragement, giving tothe Almightyfor the precious gifts who mourned, more than over their own fetters or bestowed upon ourportion of Christ’svineyard, 88 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 89

we will also implore every choice blessing on Him prayers, with the prayer also Fidelium Dezu Pastor who has been so signally the divine instrument in et Rector, for the Pope. procuring it. We will pray that His rule over the 3. The Collect, Pro Grdiartlm Actione, 01- Churchmay be prolonged tomany years, for its Thanksgiving,and that for the Pope, shall be welfare ; that health and strength maybe preserved recited in the Mass of that day, and for two days to Him for thedischarge of Hisarduous duties; following. that lightand grace may be granted to him pro- 4. WhereBenediction is never given, the Te portioned to the sublimity of His office ; and that Deum, with its prayers,shall be recited orsung consolations, temporal and spiritual, maybe poured after Mass and the above named shall be out upon him abundantly, in compensation for past added as enjoined. sorrows andpast ingratitude. And of thesecon- And at the same time earnestly entreating for solations may one of the most sweet to His paternal ourselves, also, a place in your fervent prayers, We heart be thepropagation of Holy Religion in our lovingly implorefor you andbestow on you the country, the advancement of His spiritual children Blessing of Almighty God, Father, Son, and Holy there in truepiety and devotion, and our ever Ghost. Amen. increasing affection and attachment to the See of Given out of theFlaminian Gate of Rome, St. Peter. thisseventh day of October, in theyear of Our In order therefore that our thanksgiving may Lord MDCCCL. be madewith all becoming solemnity, we hereby enjoin as follows: (Signed), NICHOLAS,Cardinal Archbishop 1. This, our Pastoral Letter, shall be publicly of Westminster. read in all theChurches and Chapels of the Archdiocese of Westminsterand the Diocese of By command of His Eminence, Southwark, on the Sunday after its being received. FRANCISSEARLE, Secretary. 2. On the following Sunday there shall be in every such Church or Chapel, a Solemn Benedic- tion of theBlessed Sacrament, at which shallbe sung the Te Deum, with the usualversicles and H ~-

ADDRESS TO THh: QUEEX. 91

readiness, at all times, to defend its rights and its prerogativesagainst every foe. And now that, under Your Majesty’s wise rule, we enjoyequal participation with others in thebenefits of the Address to theQueen. Constitution, we are more than ever animated with thesame sentiments of fidelity, andattachment, and areequally ready to giveproof, whenever occasion may present itself, of the sincerity of our To the loyal professions. QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENTMAJESTY. The dearest of the privileges to which we have thus been admitted, by the wisdom of the British MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MAYESTE’, Legislature, is that of openly professing and practising the Religion of our Fathers, in comnlu- WE, theundersigned subjects of Your nionwith theSee of Rome.Under its teaching Majestyresiding in England,and professing the we haveever learnt, as a mostsacred lesson, to RomanCatholic Religion,beg toapproach Your give toCzsar the things that are of Czesar, as Majesty’s Throne, there to express our sentiments we give to Cod thethings that are of God. 111 of unimpairedand unalterable fidelity to Your whatever,therefore, our Church has at any time Majesty’s Royal Person, Crown and Dignity. done for establishing its regular system of govern- At a moment when attempts are being made ment amongst its memhers in this Island, we beg to impeach our loyalty, we consider it a duty to most fervently and most sincerely to ass~~rcYour give fresh utterance to these our feelings. Majesty, thatthe organisation granted to LIS is Duringcenturies of exclusion from the pri- entirelyecclesiastical, and its authoritypurely vileges of theConstitution and from the rights spiritual.But it leavesuntouched every tittle of enjoyed by their fellow subjects, the Catholics of YourMajesty’s rights, authority, power, jurisdic- England remained true to their allegiance to the tion,and prerogative, as ourSovereign, and as Crown of this realm, and yielded to none in their Sovereign over these realms, and does not in the leastwise diminish orimpair our profound re-

S2 F

92 ADDRESS TO THE QUEEN. verence, our loyal fidelity, and attachment to Your Majesty’s augustPerson and Throne : and we humbly assure Your Majesty, that among Your Majesty’s subjects there exists no class who more solemnly, more continually, or more fervently pray for the stability of Your Majesty’s Throne, for the Address to Cardinal Wíseman. preservation of Your Majesty’s life, and for the prosperity of Your Majesty’s Empire,than the Catholics of England, in whose religion loyalty is To the a sacred duty, and obedience a Christian Virtue. MOST EMINENT AND ILLUSTRIOUS Novanber IOD, 1850. NICHOLAS, CARDINAL ARCHBISHOP OF WESTMINSTER,OF AND BISHOP ADMINISTRATOR OF SOUTHWARK.

MAY IT PLEASE YOUR EMINENCE,

WE,the undersigned Members of the Congregation of theCatholic Church, Lincoln’s Inn Fields,approach your Eminence with senti- ments of profound respectand sincere attach- ment. OUR warmest thanks are due, and are offered through your Eminence, to Our Holy Father Pope Pius IX, for the restoration of Our Hierarchy, and for the selection of your Eminence to carry that great work into effect. And their feelings are 94 ADDRESS 90 CARDINAL WISEhlAN. which we trust is rapidlypassing away, to be enhanced by theelevation of our firstMETRO- followed by a long and glorious calnl. POLITANtothe dignity of CARDINALof HOLYCHURCH. CravingYour Eminence’s Blessing, OURdeepest sympathies have been aroused We remain, by thehostility which thisgreat measure has Your faithful and devoted Children in Christ, excited on thepart of many of ourcountrymen, but our confidence in the result cannot be shaken, GEORGE BO‘IVYER, D.C.L.,Temple. EI)\VARD \\;HITE, 73 Lamb’s Conduit Street. for we recognizethe hand of theMost High, in HENIZY DOLAN, 97 St. Rlartin’s Lane. raising up in our defence, the powerful advocacy of STEPHEN PERRY; 37 Red Lion Square. C. F. CORNRY, zS Red Lion Square. yourEminence. And sincerelydo we hopeand JOSEPH DELLA TORRE, 70 Lamb’s Conduit St. believe thatthese efforts, under the guidance of \VILLIL41LI PATRICK CLARKE, 20 East Street. CHARLES WALKER, 47 Bernard Street. theHoly Spirit, will speedily lead our fellow JOHN WALKER, 47 Bernard Street. JOHN RARELLI, II Castle Street, Holborn. countrymento a duerecognition of ourrights, JOSEPH F. BAICELLI, II Castle Street, Holborn. according to the principle of religious liberty, and JAMES BOYLE, 4s CareySt., Lincoln’sInn Fields. A. LI3JEUNE: H7 St. Martin’s Lane. anappreciation of the purely spiritualnature of RICHARD JINICS, 20 Upper King Street, Bloonlsbury. our Hierarchy. WILLIAM DAVIS. 6 Laub’s Conduit Street. THE presentlabours of yourEminence GEGRCE \VHITS, 73 LamlI’s Conduit Street. W. ULLATHOKNE, necessarily recall to the minds of many of us the Manor House, Notting IIilI, and Gate Street. JAMES CORNEY, sen., Little Britain. time when your powerful voice was first heard in TAMES CORNEY, iun., Little Britain. thisCountry, in defence of thesacred truths of B AM ES RYAN, Loig Ak¿re. RICHARD SWIFT, Hatton Garden. Religion (during your temporary residence at our GARRETT FARRELL, Lamb’s Conduit Street. JOSEPH WHITE, Lamb’s Conduit Street. Church),in those Lectures which have laid the JOHN LAWLESS, I Gray’s Inn Passage. TOSEPHGUANZIROLI. foundation of a reputationco-extensive with _I- ~ JOHN D. DELANY, 93 High Holborn. Christianity, and which impressed our minds with ANDREW DELANEY. a special sense of deep-felt and lasting gratitude, WILLIAM CALLAGHAN, 45 Great Russell Street. JOHNBRANNON, HAPPY shall we be if this expression of our 5 Serles Place, Litlcoln’s Inn Fields. ROBERT MOLYNEUX, 30 Southampton Row. feelings shall afford your Eminence some consola- EDMUND DAVIS, 6 Laub’s Conduit Street. tion and support, during the raging of the Storm WILLIAM WHITE, Lamb’s Conduit Street. 96 HISTORY OF THE VictorEmmanuel, King of Sardinia, was present at Mass in this Chapel on the Ist Sunday in Advent,December 3rd 1855. The following notice is from the Times of that date :-

His Majestyattended Divine Service yes- terday at the Royal Sardinian Chapel, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, accompanied by his numerous suite, and several persons of distinction. His Majesty arrived precisely at 11 o’clock, and was received at the entrance of the chapel by his Eminence CardinalWiseman, andthe chaplains of the Embassy. His Eminence delivered the follow- ing address in Italian :- ‘‘ Sire,-Permit me totake advantage of this occasion, the first of its kind that willbe enrolled in theannals of this Royal Sardinian Chapel, to convey to your Majesty, the sincere and humble homage of the clergy who officiate, andthe numerous congregation, native and Italian, who frequent it, and derive from it so many spiritual blessings. It is the mostancient of ourchapels or churches, founded by the piety and zeal of your Majesty’s august ancestors, entirely maintained by them during centuries of peril and affliction, -! I

SARDINIAN CHAPEL. g7

generously endowed by your Majesty, it has been one of the princi al supports of our holy religion in this metropo\ is. And if your Majesty should find itbut insignificant and poor, not the less fervent on that account are the prayers daily offered up to the Almighty, to beg of him to enrich your Majesty, and your Royal House with abundant mercies and heavenly graces.” His Majestyreturned thanks, and askedseveral questions about the chapel, itsorigin, &c. His Majestywas then conducted by theCardinal and clergy in procession to the throne erected for him in thechapel. The altar and sanctuarywere as handsomelydecorated as the limited timeallowed. The Mass was Beethoven in C, and was aclmirably played and sung by thenumerous choir. The organ was lately built by Bishop,and is of extra- ordinaryrichness and beauty of tone. The celebrant was theRev. William O’Connor,senior chaplain, assisted by theRev. Edward Price as , and The Organ, Sardinian Chapel, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. theRev. John Doherty as . 98 HISTORY OF THE The Rev. Dr. Faa di Bruno and the Rev. Sebastian Faenza acted as assistant-priests. A largebody of police werein attendance, and keptexcellent order amor~gstthe dense crowdassembled in front of the chapel to welcome His Majesty. The offering made by the King to the chapel on this occasion was k39. When the King of Sardiniawas ex- communicated by thePope, the prayer which had always been said for him at the end of Mass wasdiscontinued, and that for QueenVictoria substituted. The sub- sidy was in consequence transferred to the ItalianChurch, Hatton Garden. It was understood that Father John Doherty and FatherSebastian Faenza objected con- scientiously to pray for the excommunicated King.The latter left whenSardinia revoltedfrom the Holy See, andthe Ambassador of VictorEmmanuel was deprived of the privilege of a chapel and a chaplain in I 858. Mr. Hdges, writing in 1857, quotes : SARDINIAN CHAPEL gg

“Ten or a dozenyears ago, this (the SardinianChapel) wasdecidedly the ugliest and most inconvenient chapel in the district. Poor Pugin calledit a dirty, ugly, oldbarracks. During the last six years about LI,700 havebeen spent in the nezessaryrepairs’ and alterations.’’ These alterations and additions were made in the time of FatherO’Connor. He served this missionfor 33 years,and from being a boyin theparish schools he became priestand Missionary Rector in I 854. It is saidthat for two years he took no money for theseats, but the collections became so small, andhe spent so much upon the alterations and decorations in the church, that he had again to charge at the doors.In those days the old collecting bags were in use, and were no doubt found veryconvenient forconcealing the small- ness of the donations, and so in 1850 the collections at the doors were re-started in St. Anselm’s. InFather O’Connor’s time, the church still boasted a Beadle,in gold- I O0 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. IOI 1

laced coat and three-cornered hat; his name extensivealterations made in thechurch, was JohnBernard. A bill is still extant, which included the raising of the roofin made out to, andpaid by, Father O’Connor, order to admit of the erection of the larger for A5 19s. 6d. for gold-lacedcoat, and organ,the congregation attended Mass at A2 10s. 6d. for the cocked hat withditto. the Schools in Gate Street. This was in 1848 ; thehat is still tobe It may be interesting to mention the seen, carefully laid by in a tin box of the order of theservices at thisperiod. On same shape as the hat. There is not, how: Sundays there was a discourse at the 7 and ever,the slightest trace left of theonce 8 o’clock Masses, and a sermon at the I I splendid gold-lace. o’clock Mass ; Vespers and Benediction at Father O’Connorwas a good musician 3, Italianservice at 4 ; Eveningprayers, and the possessor of a very fine voice. In Catechetical Lecture and Benediction at 7. Mr. Mawhood’sdiary a mention is made On Mondays,Wednesdays, and Fridays of thedelight with which he listened to the Rosary was recited after the IO o’clock FatherO’Connor’s musical voice, whilst Mass, with prayers for theconversion of Anthony Le Jeune accompanied him upon England. The Italian sermons, and service the organ. mentionedabove, continued until Father It is toFather O’Connor that the Faenzaopened a room inWine Court, church is indebted for thepresent grand E.C., whereservices were given for the organ, which is said to have cost ~I;I,ooo, large Italian congregation belonging to the and which replaced an organ which in the Mission. This was about 1855. old ledgers is called “ thepresent fine In 1852 the church is called for the organ,” which seems to have been erected last time the Sardinian Chapel, and in I 853 by subscription in 1803. Duringthe we findthe title is St, Anselm’s, Duke I02 HISTORY OF THE

Street, Lincoln’s Inn Fields, and after that, in the year I 86 I, Father O’Connor changed the dedication into the double title of St. Anselm and St. Cecilia, which thechurch bears to this day. On becomingparalysed, Father O’Connorretired to Chelsea, and after- wards to Clapham,where he died. After hisdeparture, we find in thebooks the following memorandum :

“ The Rev. P. O’Callaghan was ap- pointed M.R., at St. Anselm’s, onthe 15thOctober, 1862. The accounts of the churchwere examined by theVery Rev. Canon O’Neal, V.G., and he decided that the church was indebted to the Rev. William O’Connorthetoamount of A186 15s. raid. Besides thisamount there was a further deficit in thechurch account of L18 on theday on which Father O’Callaghan received the charge of the mission-there being scarcely any requisites for the kitchen,and the house being in a bad state of repair,.it was neces- SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 103 sary to incur considerable expense during the Ist quarter.”

. “ A collection was made in the church in thesame year (1862) to replace the taken by the burglars, andthey received from a collection made in the church,and from donationsat this date, thesum of A21 3s.3d. This,it will be remembered, was the second serious robbery in this church. The chalice andpaten bought to replace those which were stolen cost AI7 4s. 6d. Atthe request ofMr. O’Callaghan, whoundertook to support afourth priest out of special subscriptions for the purpose, His Eminenceappointed anadditional priestto this Mission, on May Ist, I 864. Part ofhis duty was tosay Mass and preachonSundays in the schools at CharlesStreet. This duty was exchanged for theservice of theChurch in Great OrmondStreet, on 18th March, 1865. ( Vide Registers.) Thislatter service was discontinued when the Church in Ormond 104 HISTORY OF THE

Street obtained the services of a chaplain of its own. This Church possesses some very fine plate,and an unusually handsome mon- strancepresented to the Church by Mr. Kenelm Digby, onthe condition thatit shouldbe used during the Forty Hours’ Adoration, at Easter and at Christmas. It is here, in the midst of the ’ quarter,that what is called ‘l The Red

Mass ” was said, an old custom revived in 1891 by Father Fitzgerald, M. K., and Mr. Lister Druxmond, K.S.G. At firstonly a few barristersand solicitors were present, some of the barristers being robed, and it was not until 1897 that any of the of the High Courtattended, although some of the County Court Judges (notably thelate Bagshaw, Q.C.) put in an \ appearance a few years earlier. 0n.October 24th, 1897, Mr.Justice Mathewattended, but itwas only on October 24th in the following year that the Mass obtained full recognition, the THE RED MASS, 1901.

I i I SARDINIANCHAPEL. 105 late Lord Chief Justice of England, Lord Russell of Killowen, Mr.Justice (now LordJustice) Mathew and Mr. Justice Dayassisting in theirstate robes, the Mass on this occasion being sung by the Rev. M. Fitzgerald, in the presence of the late Cardinal Vaughan. Underthe rectorship of the Rev. John Dunford the Masscontinued to be said annually at Lincoln’s Inn Fields, until the year 1904, when, to the regret of many, it was transferredto ,where the function took place with great magnificence in the presence of theArchbishop and Chapter of West- minster, the Catholic judgesattending in state,together with a large assembly of barristersand solicitors. The connection with Lincoln’s InnFields was happily kept up by the celebrant of the Mass being the Rev. John Dunford, rector of Lincoln’s Inn Fields. We here produce the fac simile of a vellum document, whichin 1902 was

l I 06 HISTORY OF THE

discovered, together with fourteen relics of saints,under the altar-stone of theHigh Altar. This is thewording according to present-day spelling : JESUS MARlA. This is thetitle that nom remains in a stonenear the door of said chapel in ancientcharacter. There are nmny Sacred Relics in this altar. This is onthe 'left-hand side of the document. Onthe right-hand, is found the following :- Part of theChapel of our ßlessed Lady of Glastonbury, built in the31st year after the Passion of our Lord, by St. Joseph of Arimathea ; it was 60 feet long, and 26 broad, and was consecrated by our Lord himself in honour of His Blessed Mother,and was held formany ages in the greatest veneration by all Christians. '' This document, with the relics, was found in a case firmly fixed to that part of the High Altar which containsthe altar- stone,and evidently indicates that the stonewas brought from theAbbey of Glastonbury. What is saidabout the ancient Chapel of our Lady being built by l SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 107

St.Joseph of Arimathea-whohelped to take our Lord’sbody from the cross- refers to an old tradition that this Joseph J., visitedEngland andpreached here. Whetherthis tradition is well foundedor not cannot be discussed here ; but, whether true or false, it is interesting to have as an altar-stone a portion, however small, of the old Abbey of Glastonbury.” (“ St. Cecilia’s Magazine.”) And now thisshort history must be broughtto an end, and, as we close the book, what a host of noble priests who have servedthe Sardinian Chapel rises up before us-venerable Father P.once, bowed downwith theweight of hisforty-two years’ labour in penaltimes; little Dr. Archer, model of simplicity, dressed in his longbrown coat and much-patched shoes, but whose intellect was one of the keenest, whoseheart was one of themost loving, both consecrated absolutely to God’s great work. Then there is Father Peter Brown, at his post to the last after sixty-five years

12 I O8 HISTORY OF THE SARDINIAN CHAPEL. 109

of labour in theparish ; FatherJuliaens, theGospel, and that Cardinal Wiseman the Franciscan, with his deep knowledge of drewaround him largeand learned con- Plain Chant, a record of which is still pre- gregations to listen to his famous lectures. served at the Presbytery; Father O’Ccnnor Suchare some of thegrand Bishops and whospent 33 years in the Mission, and Priests who taught our fathers the truth of whosegreat work lay in improvingthe their religion in our “ little Chapel.” When building that it might be the better suited wethink of thestrength of theirFaith, forthe noble object to which it was when we think of their firm Hope, and of dedicated. Thenagain there is Dr. Faà their all-consuming Charity-in a word, of di Bruno, whose clear and concise exposi- thatgrand singleness of purposewhich tion of the Catholic Doctrine has lived long urged them on, regardless of whatit cost afterhim and will livefor ages in that them,to plant still deeper in thiscountry valuablework of his hand, “ Catholic the Religionfor which theyhad given up Belief ”; and, coming nearer our own day, all, we are, if possible, still prouder of that not to mentionmany others, there is that HolyReligion which theytaught, still unyieldingadversary of all notCatholic, prouder of believing- whatthey believed, FatherAlexius Mills, whosepulpit utter- still moredetermincd to holdfirmly to it, ances in defence of religion are still so as they did, unto the end. well and so gladly rememberedby those What a debt of gratitude we owe whowere privileged to hear him preach them all-the men who have helped to keep from the curious old pulpit in our chapel. the Catholicfaith alive, and have caused Lastly, we cannot refrain from remem- theincense of prayerto ascend through bering that in our Church Bishop Challoner all those two-hundred-and-fifty years to the and Bishop Douglass so frequently taught throne of God from their quaint old chapel in the Fields ! I' LIST OF THE CHAPLAINS

WHO HAVE SERVEDTHE SARDINIAN CHAPEL,

LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS.

F'vom Rev. William Barrow, S.J., alias Waring or Harcourt ...... I677 ,, John Cross, O.S.F., alias Moore .. 1687 ,, William Ponce ...... '729 ,, Peter Brown ...... '729 ,, Joseph Morgan Hausbie, O.P., D.D. I730 ,, Richard Downs ...... 1731 ,, Thomas Moore ...... 1737 ,, ThomasMahon, O.S.F...... I737 Very Rev. Patrick Bradley, O.P., Bishop of Londonderry, Ireland ... 1741 Rev. Pacificns Baker, O.S.F...... I747 Bernard Baker, S.J...... I753 JohnSmith ...... I753 Philip Andre, O.S.F...... I759 l James Rogerson ...... I759 HenryPeach ...... 1761 HenryHorne ...... I 762 JohnSudel1 ...... I764 Romanns Chapman, S.J. ... I765 JamesJenkins ...... I 766 WilliamAlustead ...... I 766 Lawrence Dunn ...... I767

m 113

FYOIH TO F~OIILTO Rev Alexander Clinton. S.J...... I767 I 783 Rev . Thomas Talbot ...... I794 1796: .. William Bower ...... I 768 I773 .. JosephThomas Porter ...... I797 .. Thomas Varley ...... I769 I S05 .. PetersJohn ...... I797 .. JosephRice ...... 1770 I 782 .. William Reauchamp.or Reachamp I so2 .. CharlesJuliarns. 0.S.F ...... 1770 1809 .. George Chamberlayne ...... 1803 .. RileyJohn ...... 1771 I774 .. Edwardßarrett ...... IS08 .. RobertSmelt ...... 1771 1781 .. Lewis Havard ...... 1808 .. MartinJohn ...... 7773 I775 .. FrancisTuite ...... I810 .. Richard Underhill Plnnket.S . J .... I773 1809 .. JamesTanner. O.S.E...... 1813 .. EdmundHarrison ...... I773 I 782 .. Thomas Percy ...... 1816 .. Edward Ball ...... 1773 I774 .. JosephKimhall ...... 1817 .. ThomasGahb ...... I774 I793 .. MsrkTierney ...... 1819 .. JamesNicholas ...... I774 ‘777 .. JaulesWatkins ...... I820 .. Jerome Allen ...... I775 1776 .. FrancisEdgeworth. O.S.F. ... IS22 ..’ JamesHorne ...... I7i6 I790 .. Atlgelo M.lrie Daldacconi. D.D., M.R. I824 .. James Nelson. S.J...... I777 I785 DanielO’teary ...... 1825 1827 .. ThomasHorrahin ...... I777 I790 Patrick Rrickley ...... 1827 1829 ... Charles RlacCarthy ... 1.. 1778 ’799 Charles D’Arcy ...... 1827 1838 .. A . lbi . Lee ...... 1781 I782 William O’Connor. KR. ... 1829 1862 .. James Archer. D.D. ... 1781 I7S9 A. M . Hearne ...... I831 1844 .. Richard Broderick ...... 1782 I830 William Ryan ...... 1839 I849 .. RichardFishwick ...... I 782 I783 . Thomas Mylius Molteno ... 1841 I844 .. JamesWatkins ...... I 782 1824 EdwardPrice ...... I844 I857 .. JosephSilviera ...... I 782 1827 Raphael Melia. D.D...... I845 1854 .. James Nolan (Carmelite) ... I 782 1783 .. KyneJohn ...... 1845 1850 Alexander Geddes. LL.D. 1782 Pius Melia ... 1848 .. ... I783 ’ 71 ...... 1849 .. John Greenway ...... I 782 I 788 .. JosephFaa di Bruuo ...... I848 1857 .. ThomasRigby. D.D...... I783 1815 Patrick Brosnan ...... I849 I888 .. JohnLindow ...... 3 .. I783 I805 DanielSantry ...... I850 1853 .. Daniel Gaffey ... t.. ... I753 1806 ... SehastienFaenza ...... 1858 1860 .. JohnMarslaud ...... I784 1785 .. JohnDoherty ...... 1856 1866 .. Edward Nihel. S.J...... 1785 1787 AndrewMooney ...... I858 18.59 114 LIST OF CHAPLAINS.

Rev. Alexius Mills ...... Daniel Canty ...... Patrick O’Callaghan ... 1.. .. James Edmund Bell ...... HenryFrancis Bradbee ...... John Davis ...... Thomas Regan ...... Philip Kavanagh. M.R...... Thomas Davis ...... Patrick Fitzpatrick ...... Thomas J . C . Denny ...... Philip Purcell ...... George Delany.M.R...... Charles Edward Watson ...... M. O’Riordan. D.D...... Thomas Godfrey ...... William Traies ...... Patrick Brosnan ...... Joseph Upton ...... Thonlas Prendergast ...... Daniel Canty (2nd time). M.R...... Patrick Buckley ...... Michael Fitzgerald. M.R. ... ,, Daniel Murphy ...... Michael Ryan ...... Hugh O’Rourke ...... William O’Connor ...... Salvatore Zammit. D.D...... John Dunford ...... ThomasCurtayne ...... David Dunford ...... Francis Richardson ... 1.. R.& T. WASHBOURNE Ulestminster Cathedral. WHOLESALE, RETAIL and EXPORT

%bZis!îers,BooGseZZers, THEfirst stone of thisstately Cathedral, designed in the and @km$ Yurnis6ers, Byzantine style by Mr. John Francis Bentley (who died on the 2nd of March, 1902) was laid June 29th, 1895. It was first 1,2 & 4, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON opened temporarily for the and funeral services of its greatfounder, Cardinal Vaughan, whodied on the19th June, , Latinand English. The only completeand up-to-date Missal Published, 5s., 6s. 6d., 8s. 6d., 10s. 1903, and was, withoutany special openingceremony, perma- upwards. nently opened for daily use at Christmas, 1903. POPULAR MISSAL, abridged, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. The expenditure, including payment for the Cathedral Hall PRAYER BOOKS-Gardenof the Soul, Key of Heaven (various sizes), Manual of Prayers. Numerous books of Devotion, and the Cloisters, amounted, December Znd, 1904, to $208,549. at all prices and all styles of binding. There is still money remainingfor a few special purposes- TALE BOOKS. -including two of the chapels, but on the building account there PRIZE BOOKS. is a large deficit. BREVIARIES &, OFFICE BOOKS, Contributions forthe payment of this deficit, forthe CRUCIFIXES-For Wearing, for Hanging on theWall, and to completion of the Cathedral and its Chapels, or for the marble Stand, from Id. upwards. and mosaic decoration of its Chapels, will be gratefully received ROSARIES-Mounted on Steel,Copper, Silver and Gold Wire, by the Aschbishop, or by the Hon. Treasurer of the Building and Beads of all descripbions, from Id. up to 5 guineas. Fund, STATUES-3-ins., Id.; 4-ins.,3d. ; 6-ins., 6d.; 8-ins., 1s.; Mgr. PROVOSTJOHNSON, 12-ins., 2s. 6d.;and all sizes up to 6 feet. Largeand varied Selection of all Articles of Piety. Archbishop’s House, Westminster,London, SW. Writefor Catalogue of Books, Illwstrated Catalogue of Crucifixes, &C.. to- R. & T. Washbourne, 1, 2 & 4, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON. 116 A SPECIALITY. HENRY CLAVE. Manufactured only by Francis Tucker & Co., LIMITED, WE holdone of the largestand best PUTNEY, LONDON, S.W. assortedstocks in London, All Goods are marked in plain figures, and sold at our usuallymoderate prices,

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STIMATES submitted for every description ORDERS UT POST OR TEL,FGRAM IMMEDIATEI,Y ATTENDED TO. E of Lithographicand Letterpress Printing. High-classWork. Low Charges, & & Telephone 6923 Centrai. At aboveAddress ONLY. 120 l 121 I< SOME CATHOLIC PUBLICATIONS ON SALE ßY President: The Rigslt Hon. THE EARL OF DENBICH, C.V.O. THOS. BRKER, The objects of the Associatiorz arc-(l) To promote unify md good fellowship nmottgst Catholics by ovpzizi~~gIectuYes, corrcerts, flewmanStreet, &ondon, W. dances, excursions, atld other gatherings of a social cltaracter, ami (2) to assist, wherever possible, in the work of Catholic orplizntion, Payne (J. Orlebar) The English Catholic Nonjurors of 1715, nnd ix the ndvancement of Cntlzolic interests. being a Summary of the Register of their Estates, with ADVANTAGES OF MEMBERSHIP. Genealogical andother Notes, and an Appendix of Cathollo Assoolatlon Circular.-Members receive theCa- Unpublished Documents in the Public Record Office, tholic Association Circular, con.taining all announcements regard- edited by JOHN ORLEBARPAYNE, M.A. ; in one vol., demy ing future gatherings, and brief reports on those that have taken 8vo.. cloth. 6s. net. ‘‘ A useful contribution to our Catholic history.”-làblet. place, post free, each month. Payne.-Records of the English Catholics of 1715,- com- L~CtU~S.-Members have admission to reserved seats at the piled from Original Documents and edited byJ. O. Payne, Lectures held under the auspices of the Association. demy 8v0, cloth. 4s. net. Reduction on Tickets.-A reduction *of 6d. is granted to “A book of the kind Mr. Payne has given us would have Members who purchase a ticket for the Dances, At Homes, and astonished Bishop Milner or Dr. Lingarrl. They wrould certain other gatherings. have treasnred it, for both of them knew the value of minute fragrnents of historical information. The Editor Reference Books.Gatholio Newspapers.-The books of has derived nearly the whole of the information which reference at the Association Offices may be made use of by the he has given frml nnprinted sonrces.”-~-7àhlet. hlembers. Payne.-St. Paul’s Cathedral in the time of King Edward VI., TelephOne.-The Telephone Number of the Association is being a short account of its Treasures, t‘rom a Document ‘‘ 1286 Central.” Members may use the Telephone upon payment in the Public Record Office, edited by J. O. Payne, 8vo, of the call fee (2d.) cloth. Is. Gd. net. Information Bureau.--For country Members especially the Payne.-Old English Catholic Missions, compiled wholly from Office of the Association may he considered an Information Original Documents in SomersetHouse, with complete ßureau, while Hotels and ßoarding-houses can be recommended Index, by J. O. Pa)ne, denly 8v0, cloth. net. 3s. to Members who propose visiting London. The Association can L‘ iz book to hunt about in for curious odds and ends.” Sntrmdoy Reeviezc.~. also arrangeto take charge of parties, and to supply a guide, St. Teresa.-The letters of. Saint Teresa, translated from conveyances, &c. Continental Railway ticketscan also he supplied. the original Spanish by Rev. John Dalton, (I ~zewedition, pritrted in large type ON thick pnper (304 pp.), 1902, crown Subscription and Membership.-The minimum suhscription &o., cloth extra, 3s. net. tothe Association is 1s. perannum, payable in January. Life Membership, $2 2s. All Catholics are eligible for membership. BOOKS BOUGHT. Communications.--All communications should be addressed Executors,Solicitors, or Others. having Books of any to Valentine M. Dunford, K.S.G., Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, value to dispose of, are invited to communicate with Mr. 17 and 18 Newgate Street, E.C. Baker, who is always prepared to purchasedesirable A, hlass is celebrated annually for deceased Members of the books for immediatecash. Association. 122 123 l Picture Post cards.

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124.