ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 2012-2022

Alcorn State University, Office of the President & the Office of Physical Facilities LPK Architects, P.A. Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas + Company Hill Studio

ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 2012-2022

February 2012 4 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN aolla c borative effort

This Master Plan design is the result of a collaborative effort led by Alcorn Han buRY Evans Wright Vlattas + Company Architecture/Planning State University’s Office of the President and the Office of Physical D. Keith Storms, AIA, LEED AP, Principal Facilities, LPK Architects and Hanbury Evans Wright Vlattas + Company. Steven W. Gift, AIA, Principal The entire planning team is grateful to all, including the students, faculty, Reid A. Sabin, CLA, ASLA staff, alumni, and community, who have devoted their time, ideas, and energy to the planning process and the advancement of this vision for hlltui s dio, Landscape Architecture the University and its campuses. David Hill, ASLA, Principal Greg Webster, RLA, LEED AP alcorn state university Dr. M. Christopher Brown II, President Jrn o da , Kaiser & Sessions, LLC, Civil Engineering Dr. Norris Edney, Interim President 2010-2011 Hayden Kaiser, III, P.E. Dr. George Ross, President 2008-2010 Jessie Stephney, Associate Vice President, Facilities Management atrtonhe consulting engineers inc., Mechanical Engineering Dr. Richard Green, Interim Provost and Vice President, Academic Affairs Perry E. Atherton, P.E. Dr. Gerald Peoples, Vice President, Student Affairs Donald L. Green, P.E. Kevin Appleton, Vice President, Finance and Administrative Services Stephen L. McDaniel, CFRE, Vice President, Development and Marketing towerhe p source, PLLC, Electrical Engineering Brenda T. Square, Athletic Director, Athletics Christopher L. Green, P.E., Principal Ruth Nichols, Special Assistant to the President, Off-campus Development Pam Wood, Academic Support, Natchez Campus mrtina /alexio/bryson, pc, Transportation Planning Dr. Barry L. Bequette, AREAS, Dean George Alexio, P.E., Principal Dr. Linda Godley, School of Nursing, Dean Dr. Donzell Lee, Graduate Studies, Dean paulien & Associates, Inc., Utilization & Space Needs Analysis Alton B. Johnson, Associate Professor, MS River Research Center, Director Yvonne M. Thibodeau, Senior Associate Rodney Fowlkes, Center for Information Technology and Services, CIO Mark E. Berthold, AIA, LEED-AP Elena Dobrynina, University Relations Yolanda Jones, Assistant Professor of Chemistry l rcPK a hitects, p.a. Robert E. Luke, FAIA, NCARB, Principal Mitchel Marshall, Project Architect Dynelle Volesky Long, Intern Architect Jim Smith, Construction Manager Sandra Nixon, Office Manager

5 6 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN contents

A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT 5

contents 7

CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

Chapter 2 THe PLANNING PROCESS 19

Chapter 3 CAMPUS CONTEXT 23 The University in the Region Historic Context Existing Conditions

Chapter 4 FINDINGS 41 Space Analysis/Utilization Summary Building Assessment Summary

Chapter 5 A VISION FOR THE UNIVERSITY 51 Campus Core Lakeside District, Honors District, & Athletics/Revels District Athletics Faculty Housing Natchez & Vicksburg Campuses

Chapter 6 Adestrian Pe -oriented campus 67 Pedestrian, Transportation, Transit, Housing, & Parking Analysis

Chapter 7 Lndscapea Elements 79

Chapter 8 CAMPUS SYSTEMS 107 Engineering Systems

Chapter 9 IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT 123

APPENDIX 135

7 8 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 1 E XECUTIVE SUMMARY A comprehensive land-grant university, Alcorn State University is at a critical juncture for physical change and continued growth. The 2012- 2022 Campus Master Plan Study was initiated by the University's Office of the President and the Office of Physical Facilities to support and enable the University's Strategic Plan. The Campus Master Plan identifies opportunities to create places on campus that strengthen the sense of community and nurture a learning environment that will uphold Alcorn State University’s emphasis on preparing students to contribute and lead in a global society. The role of the Campus Master Plan is to provide a vision for Alcorn State University, which will help it achieve the highest and best use of its resources and guide the University well into the future.

9 "The destination is excellence. The destination is greatness. The destination is not in question."

Dr. George Ross, ASU President 2008-2010

10 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN ecutivexe summary M aster Plan Goals & Process

The Alcorn State University 2012-2022 Master Plan was developed to departments, and student representatives. The goal was to gather support the University’s Strategic Plan. The Strategic Plan has the goal input on the College’s current status and future needs and desires. This of fostering a physical environment and pedagogy that will uphold Alcorn input was combined with a space needs analysis and an engineering State University’s emphasis on preparing students to contribute and lead assessment of the University’s utilities and infrastructure. It resulted in in a global society. a set of findings to guide development of the Master Plan.

M ASTER PLAN GOALS The master planning process also took into account the physical The goals of the Master Plan are to: and social context of the three University campus locations; Lorman, Natchez and Vicksburg. The planning team examined the University’s • Create a visionary facilities master plan that will support and physical and architectural character, pedagogy, social organization, and enable the objectives of the Strategic Plan. history of each of these locations. Alcorn State University’s relationship • Plan for the highest and best use of the University’s significant land to the Mississippi River was studied, with particular attention to the assets. Planned development shall be based on environmentally environmental impact that future growth will have on the watershed at sustainable best practices. the Lorman campus. • Improve the quality of the University’s facilities. • Create places on campus that strengthen the sense of community A Utilization and Space Needs Analysis was conducted by Paulien & and nurture a learning community. Associates. The consultant conducted a field survey of academic spaces • Make recommendations on space required to support enrollment to create a facilities data inventory and provide recommendations on projections. future expansion. The findings of the space utilization study process • Plan for infrastructure to maximize efficiency of the physical plant, may be summarized in three space need planning drivers: conserve energy, and plan for future growth rather than react to demand. • Invest in the expansion of facilities and support space for athletics • While the purpose of a master plan is to propose long-term and recreation. strategies, the plan will identify smaller moves that make an • Invest in the expansion of residence life. immediate impact. • Invest in improving quality and the expansion of central physical plant facilities to support new and existing space. PROCESS Data collection and research for the Master Plan commenced in August 2009. Multiple cycles of analysis by the planning team, and review and input from the University, yielded a final version of the plan, which was presented in February 2012.

The design team held a series of meetings with the University’s Master Plan Steering Committee, representatives from all faculty and staff

Executive Summary 11 "You do not have any control of the economic situation. You do have control of the solutions." Dr. Norris Edney, Interim President 2010-2011

1 2 3

4 5 6

Planning issues: 1. The"bust-a-loop" car culture 2. Poor stormwater management 3. Lack of amenities 4. Lack of gathering space 5. Inconsistent pedestrian access 6. Poor facility conditions.

12 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Planning Issues and Master Plan Response

planning issues 1. Creation of a pedestrian-oriented academic core. This core is As a result of the data collection process, specific planning issues were defined by roadway that loops by the Honors residence hall that also noted: connects to Alcorn Drive. This zone contains campus buildings essential to scholastic growth such as the library, the dining • Isolation – Lack of “college town” amenities and support services hall, academic classrooms and student center/support spaces. for students on the Lorman campus. Suggested enhancements within the pedestrian core include: • Car culture – Students drive rather than walk around campus. They “bust-a-loop” to see what is going on. • Pedestrian Mall – The conversion of Alcorn Avenue into a • Quality – Poor facility conditions is a major issue. The University pedestrian mall with the removal of vehicular traffic and has a huge backlog of deferred maintenance. parking conflicts. • Sprawling development of campus buildings – The lack of defined • The construction of a retail plaza and a Memorial Garden districts hinders the sense of cohesive community. The University adjacent the J.D. Boyd Library. should focus on developing districts for academic growth within • The phased replacement of the James L. Bolden Student the core and support functions/residential quad growth along the Union including the demolition of Eunice Powell Hall. edges. • The construction of an Academic Technology building. • Outdoor gathering spaces and amenities – Campus life is • The addition of academic classrooms and offices to encumbered by the lack of suitable outdoor student spaces. Washington Hall and the creation of a new plaza. These spaces should enhance campus vitality. • The creation of an amphitheater in the central green. • One University – The need for a plan to better integrate Natchez • Establishing a pedestrian network connecting and reinforcing and Vicksburg programs with those at the Lorman campus. the core campus green to adjacent zones. • Utilities Infrastructure – Lack of appropriate systems on campus. • Expanding and reinforcing three residential zones – These • Growth – Make the best use of existing facility space while moves will provide the University with a total on-campus bed planning for future space to meet enrollment growth. count of 2,500 beds. • Wayfinding and Access – Pedestrian and vehicular movements • Lakeside Residential Community – The addition of 600 on campus are inconsistent and deficient. suite-style beds to the newly constructed 1,000 bed • Alcorn Avenue – Consider converting this space to a pedestrian lakeside housing. This would require the already scheduled zone with intentional programming of space along this physical demolition of Robinson, Burrus, Mabel Thomas and Alice and organizational spine. Tanner Residence Halls. The accumulative bed count for this zone would be 1,600 beds. msterlana p response • Honor’s Residential Community – The addition of 260 The Campus Master Plan proposes nine basic responses to these drivers. suite-style beds in this zone will be achieved through the It is the purpose of the plan to create a sustainable campus that respects construction of two buildings. The accumulative bed count and honors the natural setting. for this zone will increase from 150 to 410 total beds.

Executive Summary 13 msterlana p response (continued) • Athletics/Revels Residential Community – The addition of 260 suite-style beds in this zone will be achieved through the construction of two buildings. This would require the already scheduled demolition of W. S. Demby Men’s Tower and Albert L. Lott Residence Halls. The accumulative bed count for this zone will decrease from 894 to 490 total beds.

2. Enhance athletic and recreation facilities including:

• A major renovation and addition at the David L. Whitney Complex to also serve as a 6,500-seat convocation center while accommodating health and wellness center activities, Human Sciences, additional locker rooms, and office space. • The construction of an Athletics Center located at the north end zone of the football stadium providing opportunities for public outreach and end zone seating. • The introduction of bioswales in the parking lot and the removal of parking on the west side of the stadium creating an environmentally responsible zone for game day activities. • The construction of an indoor practice facility, a relocated track facility with track improvements, softball seating and concessions, an artificial turf soccer field, a football practice field, and new tennis courts.

3. New Faculty Housing – Invest in new faculty housing to be located near the main entrance of campus. The Master Plan recommends the demolition of all existing faculty apartments and houses.

4. Re-route the entrance boulevard and gate for direct visual access to campus. Activate the adjacent land to increase public interface for outreach dissemination and extension programs by using landscape enhancements, new interactive and instructional gardens, and a commemorative park near the former entrance. F igure 1.1: Alcorn State University Campus Master Plan

14 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 1. Pedestrian-Oriented Academic Core 2. Enhance Athletics & Recreation 3. New Faculty Housing (outside map boundary) 4. Re-route Entrance and Extension Programs 2 5. Infrastructure Expansion (campus-wide) 6. Utilities Modification (campus-wide) 7. Building Improvements (campus-wide) 8. Natchez Campus (see page 64) 9. Vicksburg Campus (see page 65)

1

5 6 7 2

4

3

Figure 1.1: Alcorn State University Campus Master Plan F igure 1.2: Alcorn State University Campus Master Plan (Cropped Area): Nine Basic Responses

Executive Summary 15 "Take what we have and turn it into what we want it to be." Dr. Norris Edney, Interim President 2010-2011

1 2 3

1. The conversion of Alcorn Avenue into a pedestrian mall 2. The enhanced campus core at the Student Center/Library 3. The reinforcement of residential zones (Lakeside District shown).

16 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Tenants of the Master Plan

5. Infrastructure Systems – The Master Plan envisions utility and through new construction or the purchase and renovation of an building facilities that will require modification and expansion of existing property, with vehicular access for commuter students the water, sewer, natural gas, and storm drainage systems on being a key factor in site selection. There are two options for the campus. campus growth model:

6. Utility – As a primary step in determining the needs of current 1. A satellite campus, with support and administrative space at and future conditions on the ASU campus, it is recommended the Lorman campus. that the University has new master planning documents prepared 2. Develop a comprehensive campus complete with support and for each of their infrastructure systems. Documents for these student service functions such as recreation, a student center, systems have either never been prepared or are out of date and and optional residence halls. should be updated. Modeling done during these master planning efforts should be the basis of modifications to and the expansion An overriding recommendation of the Master Plan is to preserve the of the existing infrastructure of each separate system. natural surroundings by providing for development in a sustainable manner, which will minimize impact on the land resources and reduce 7. Building – A full campus Building Assessment has been energy consumption. The Campus Master Plan also recommends performed and the recommendations made will provide the strategies for addressing collateral issues, such as parking congestion, University with a plan to move forward with improvements to ease of accessibility and movement around campus, physical plant the existing building facilities on campus. upgrades and future growth beyond the 10-year scope of the plan. This Campus Master Plan strives to attain a vision for Alcorn State University, 8. Natchez Campus – In order to meet enrollment goals, the which will help it achieve the highest and best use of its resources and Natchez campus will require additional space. New space provide it with sound footing to face future challenges. required includes a student center, academic space, and 65 additional student housing beds. To support enrollment growth, The campus master plan is an integrated document that will support the 184 new parking spaces will be required. Parking should be kept University’s mission over the next ten years. As academic and admin- to the perimeter of the academic area and should be developed istrative goals change, new technologies emerge, and campus patterns to minimize impervious area and additional stormwater runoff. evolve, updates to the campus master plan will be required. A more The proposed student center and academic space are arranged comprehensive review and update of the Campus Master Plan should to form a new central courtyard, creating a much-needed outdoor occur every five years to ensure that it continues to be an effective guide. gathering space and sense of campus.

9. Vicksburg Campus – The Vicksburg satellite campus has the greatest potential for enrollment growth. It is envisioned that about 50% of the enrollment growth will occur through on-line and distance learning classes. The new campus may be developed

Executive Summary 17 18 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 2 tPLANNINhe G PROCESS Through a series of meetings with the University's Master Plan Steering Committee, representatives from all faculty and staff departments, and student representatives, the planning process identified the broad range of challenges and opportunities facing the

University. The study also took into account the physical and social context of the three University campus locations, Lorman, Natchez and Vicksburg, to foster further integration of the satellite campuses. The process revealed a primary goal of the Campus Master Plan to accommodate growth and change while preserving the landscape and respecting the rich campus history.

19 ThUiversitye n 's Strategic plan The Strategic Plan outlines a mission and vision as well as key concepts to carry Alcorn State University forward:

Mission Statement “Alcorn State University, a Historically Black College and University, is a Alcorn State University, a Historically Black College and University, is a comprehensive land-grant institution that celebrates a rich heritage with comprehensive land-grant institution that celebrates a rich heritage with a a diverse student and faculty population. The University emphasizes intellectual development and lifelong learning through the integration of diverse student and faculty population. The University emphasizes intellectual diverse pedagogies, applied and basic research, cultural and professional programs, public service and outreach, while providing access to globally development and lifelong learning through the integration of diverse competitive academic and research programs. Alcorn strives to prepare graduates to be well-rounded future leaders of high character and to be pedagogies, applied and basic research, cultural and professional programs, successful in the global marketplace of the 21st century. public service and outreach, while providing access to globally competitive Vision Statement Alcorn State University will become a premier comprehensive land-grant academic and research programs. Alcorn strives to prepare graduates to be university. It will develop diverse students into globally-competitive leaders and apply scientific research, through collaborative partnerships, well-rounded future leaders of high character and to be successful in the global which benefits the surrounding communities, states, nation and world. marketplace of the 21st century.” Key Components to the Strategic Plan • Commitment to a student-centered campus – Alcorn State University Mission Statement • State-of-the-art residence halls • Alcorn Campus Village concept • Healthy on-campus activities (state-of-the-art wellness center) • Beautiful campus with state-of-the-art infrastructure • Commitment to technology upgrades • Enrollment growth to 5,854 students • Increased research in Agriculture, Education, Business and Nursing

20 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN tlanninhe p g process A Framework for the University

Prposeu of the campus Master plan values, future needs, and desires for the University. These unifying ideas Alcorn State University is at a critical threshold where the decisions it played a fundamental role in shaping the master plan. Specific program makes will have a long-term impact on the quality of the University's space requests included additional athletics facilities, a wellness center, campuses. The Campus Master Plan was directed to provide a outdoor gathering spaces, a large auditorium, student "center" space, framework for the decision-making process while advocating design a physical plant, new faculty housing, and university "town" amenities. concepts that support the mission and vision of the University. challenges for the future msterlana p process and organization In addressing the broad range of issues and opportunities facing the Data collection and research for the Master Plan commenced in August campus, the planning process sought to balance various interests. The 2009. Multiple cycles of analysis by the planning team as well as review following challenges were identified early in the master planning process: and input from the University yielded a final version of the plan, which was presented in February 2012. The process was organized into the • Isolation – Lack of “college town” amenities and support services following phases: for students on the Lorman campus. • Car Culture – Students drive rather than walk around campus. They “bust-a-loop” to see what is going on. Phase I: Space Analysis, Building Assessment, Technical • Quality – Poor facility conditions is a major issue. The University Discovery Data Gathering, and Discovery Meetings has a huge backlog of deferred maintenance. • Sprawling development of buildings – The lack of defined districts Phase II: Big Idea Concepts, Programming, Analysis of hinders the sense of cohesive community. The University should Analysis Systems, and Divergent Thinking focus on developing districts for academic growth within the core, with support functions/residential quad growth along the edges. Phase III: Concept Refinement, Detailed Recommendations, • Outdoor gathering spaces and amenities – Campus life is Preferred Concept and Sustainable Strategies encumbered by the lack of suitable outdoor student spaces. These spaces should enhance campus vitality. Phase IV: Document Preparation Following Final Presenta- • One University – The need for a plan to better integrate Natchez Documentation tion of Ideas to the University and Vicksburg programs with those at the Lorman campus. • Utilities Infrastructure - Lack of appropriate systems on campus. • Growth - Make the best use of existing facility space while wte ha w heard planning for future space to meet enrollment growth. No one knows the University better than the people who live, work • Wayfinding and Access – Pedestrian and vehicular movements and learn here. The design team held a series of meetings with the on campus are inconsistent and deficient. University’s Master Plan Steering Committee, representatives from all • Alcorn Avenue – Consider converting this space to a pedestrian faculty and staff departments, and student representatives. Through zone with intentional programming of space along this physical this discourse, a variety of themes emerged that captured the status, and organizational spine.

The Planning Process 21 22 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 3 causmp context

Alcorn State University, a Historically Black College and University, celebrates a rich heritage with a diverse student and faculty population. The 1,700 acre main campus at Lorman is located near the Mississippi River in the southwest corner of the state, which calls for particular attention to the environmental impact that future growth will have on the watershed. Although the campus is in a rural area with very limited nearby development, the University strives to strengthen its relationship with the region through collaborative partnerships and outreach. This section explores the existing conditions at Alcorn State University and the University's role in the greater community, now and in the future.

23 “The location, far removed from the contaminating influences of city life, is high and healthful; and the surroundings are agreeable and attractive in an eminent degree. Its commodious buildings all erected and furnished for academic purposes, are situated in a beautiful oak grove, gently undulating and clothed in a perennial dress of verdue pleasing to the eye and quietude."

Advertisement from Frederick Douglas

The New National Era, July 23, 1874

F igure 3.1: Mississippi, Region & ASU Campus Maps.

24 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN causCONTEmp XT The University in the Region

Thniversitye u in the region The main campus of Alcorn is located in Claiborne County, Mississippi, eighty miles southwest of the state's capital in Jackson, seven miles west Table 3.1: Key Facts of Lorman, seventeen miles southwest of Port Gibson, forty miles south of Vicksburg, and forty miles north of historic Natchez. Academics College of Excellence Alcorn State University holds a prominent role in its greater community. School of Arts and Sciences The University has the responsibility to provide leadership, to offer School of Agriculture and Applied Sciences educational outreach programs, and to set a positive example with future School of Business development decisions. The shared use of amenities including gathering School of Education and Psychology and recreational space, such as the pool, indoor/outdoor assembly, or performing arts spaces, is a vital resource for the neighboring School of Graduate Studies communities. School of Nursing satellite campuses Main Campus The campus in Natchez is home to the School of Nursing and the School Lorman, Mississippi of Business. A variety of courses are offered at the Vicksburg location in collaboration with Hinds Community College. Satellite Campuses projected campus growth Natchez, Mississippi The Fall 2009 student head count for all campuses was 3,334 students. Vicksburg, Mississippi The breakdown by campus was 2,374 students at the main Lorman Campus, 767 students at the Natchez Campus, and 193 students at the Vicksburg Campus. Quick Statistics (2009-2010) Founded 1871 The anticipated future enrollment level by 2015 is 5,854 students, with Enrollment 3,334 Students a breakdown of 3,054 students on the main Lorman Campus, 1,200 Projected Enrollment 5,854 Students students on the Natchez Campus, and 1,600 students on the Vicksburg Faculty & Staff >500 Members Campus. It is estimated that half of the growth in enrollment at the Main Campus Area 1,700 Acres Vicksburg Campus will be from on-line courses.

Campus Context 25 "We need to remember what has come out of little to make much." Dr. Norris Edney, Interim President 2010-2011

Historical elements on the Alcorn State University, Lorman Campus: Chapel Stair, Bust of Levi J. Rowan, and Bell Lettres Hall.

26 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN H istorical Context evolution of a campus eighteen hundred to twelve hundred. In 1974, Alcorn Agricultural and Alcorn State University was founded in 1871 as the nation's first state- Mechanical College became Alcorn State University. Governor William supported higher education institution for African American students. L. Waller signed House Bill 298 granting university status to Alcorn and Today, students of many other races and nations are also now part of the other state supported colleges. In truth, this law created a change Alcorn's diverse community. of name rather than of purpose. Alcorn had already become a more diversified university. It provides an undergraduate education that Alcorn State University was founded on the site originally occupied by enables students to continue their work in graduate and professional Oakland College, a school for whites established by the Presbyterian schools, engage in teaching, and enter other professions. It also provides Church, which issued the first baccalaureate degree in the State of graduate education to equip students for further training in specialized Mississippi. Oakland College closed its doors at the beginning of the fields while they contribute to the advancement of knowledge through Civil War so that its students could answer the call to arms. Upon failing scholarly research and inquiry. to reopen at the end of the war, the property was sold to the state of Mississippi and renamed Alcorn University in honor of James L. Alcorn Alcorn began with eight faculty members in 1871. Today, there are more in 1871, then governor of the state of Mississippi. than five hundred members of the faculty and staff. The student body has grown from 179 mostly local male students to more than 3,000 students Hiram R. Revels resigned his seat in the United States Senate to become from all over the world. While early graduates of Alcorn had limited Alcorn's first president. The state legislature provided $50,000 in cash horizons, more recent alumni are successful doctors, lawyers, dentists, for ten successive years for the establishment and overall operations of teachers, principals, administrators, managers, and entrepreneurs. the college. The state also granted Alcorn three-fifths of the proceeds Alcorn has had seventeen presidents with Dr. George E. Ross becoming earned from the sale of thirty thousand acres of land scrip for agricultural the seventeenth president in 2007. Of these, Dr. Walter Washington, colleges. The land was sold for $188,928 with Alcorn receiving a share who assumed the presidency in 1969, was the longest-tenured president of $113,400. This money was to be used solely for the agricultural and in Alcorn's history. Dr. Norris Edney was appointed interim president mechanical components of the college. From its beginning, Alcorn State from 2010-2011. In November 2010, the Mississippi Board of Trustees of University was a land-grant college. the State Institutions of Higher Learning voted unanimously to appoint Dr. M. Christopher Brown II as Alcorn State University’s 18th president. In 1878, the name Alcorn University was changed to Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College. The University's original 225 acres of land have Over the decades, the college that once was a struggling institution grown to become a 1,700 acre campus. The goals for the college set has become one of the leading black universities in the nation. Alcorn by the Mississippi legislature clearly emphasized training rather than State is now fully accredited with seven schools and degree programs in education. The school, like other black schools during these years, was more than fifty areas including a nursing program. The facilities have less a college than a trade school. increased from three historic buildings to approximately 80 modern structures with an approximate value of $71 million. At first the school was exclusively for black males but in 1895 women were admitted. Today, women outnumber men at the University Source: "About Alcorn" http://alcorn.edu/about/default.aspx?id=559

Campus Context 27 No. Building Name 1 SUB-STATION

2 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

3 JOHNNIE B. COLLINS BEEF RESEARCH FACILITY

4 ECOLOGY CENTER

5 WELCOME GATE

6 METROLOGY LAB

7 TENNIS COURTS

8 SOFTBALL

9 DAVID L. WHITNEY HEALTH PHYSICAL EDUCATIONAL AND RECREATION COMPLEX

10 JACK SPINKS STADIUM / DWIGHT FISHER FIELD

11 EXTENSION AND RESEARCH COMPLEX

12 JESSE A MORRIS, SR/W.C. BOYKIN AGRICULTURE SCIENCE BUILDING

13 BASEBALL

14 HENDERSON TRACK

15 KENNETH SIMMONS INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY BUILDING

16 MILITARY SCIENCE

17 ASU SERVICE STATION

18 FINANCIAL SERVICES

19 W.S. DEMBY MEN'S TOWER

20 HIRAM R. REVELS HALL

21 ALBERT L. LOTT HALL

22 E.E. SIMMONS GYM

23 ROWAN ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

24 DORMITORY 2

25 OAKLAND MEMORIAL CHAPEL

26 VICE PRESIDENT'S HOME

27 DUMAS HALL

28 HARMON HALL

29 DORMITORY 3

30 LANIER HALL

31 BELLES LETTRES HALL

32 MABEL THOMAS HALL

33 ALICE TANNER HALL

34 ROBINSON HALL

35 BURRUS HALL

36 NEW RESIDENCE HALL PHASE 1

37 NEW RESIDENCE HALL PHASE 2

38 CLEOPATRA D. THOMPSON WOMEN'S TOWER

F igure 3.2: Existing Building Index Map Table 3.2: Existing Building Index

28 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN building use The building use diagram depicts programmatic functions in each building across campus. Scattered and disorganized functions create inefficiencies such as increased walk distances between residential and academic buildings. Identifying existing patterns allows the planning process to reveal new organizational patterns to increase functionality and create strengthened zones of campus activity.

No. Building Name 39 WATER TREATMENT PLANT

40 RESIDENCE HALL COMMUNITY BUILDING

41 UNIVERSITY HOUSING

42 VIP HOME

43 DOROTHY GORDON GRAY HOME MANAGEMENT HOUSE

44 J.D. BOYD LIBRARY

45 DINING HALL

46 JAMES L. BOLDEN CAMPUS UNION

47 EUNICE POWELL HALL

48 WILLIAM BELL DINING HALL

49 BOWLES HALL

50 FINE ARTS

51 WALTER WASHINGTON ADMINISTRATION / CLASSROOM BUILDING

52 SAFETY CENTER Housing 53 MATH AND SCIENCE Academic (Arts Included) 54 BIOENGINEERING BUILDING Dining/Student Activity/Service 55 PHYSICAL PLANT AND MOTOR POOL Administration/Support 56 HONORS RESIDENCE HALL Recreation/Athletics 57 FELIX H. DUNN INFIRMARY Laboratory/Research 58 UNIVERSITY HOUSING Agriculture 59 UNIVERSITY HOUSING Academic/Administration 60 MATT TOMAS, JR. APARTMENTS

61 BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

62 POULTRY RESEARCH

63 SWINE FACILITY (OUTSIDE OF MAP BOUNDARY)

Table 3.2 (continued): Existing Building Index F igure 3.3: Building Use Diagram

Campus Context 29 1 2

Major Pedestrian Movement Minor Pedestrian Movement Pedestrian Walkways 5 and 10 Minute Walking Radius Major Vehicular Paths 3 4 Minor Vehicular Paths

F igures 3.4-3.7: 1. Pedestrian Movement 2. Pedestrian Walkways 3. 5 and 10-Minute Walking Radius 4. Vehicular Paths

30 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Existing Conditions pedestrian & walking radius The core loop provides access to several parking areas, including a While there is some topography, the campus is generally very walkable. 500-space lot associated with the new residence halls constructed on Almost all of the facilities in the core can be reached in 10 minutes or the west side of the campus, as well as campus facilities and buildings less. The Whitney Recreation Complex is within a 15-minute walk from in the northwest part of the campus. The loop also is a popular cruising the Dining Hall. route for students and visitors to the campus, reportedly mainly friends of students. The loop and the road system generally serve the traffic In places, such as some areas within the core loop, the campus has needs of the campus well. However, traffic congestion occurs at some an extensive and well-designed system of paths. Laudably, it appears locations on the loop, which will worsen as the campus grows. For that the more recent construction projects have been accompanied example, the planned 500-space lot will create more problems in the by pedestrian paths (including the path to the President’s residence). western portion of the loop where a one-way and two-way section meet However the grade on some of these paths exceeds the maximum at a poorly defined stop-controlled intersection. slopes allowed by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards. In some other areas, paths are missing or not continuous, crossings are A much more significant problem is the impact of the road and its traffic faded or non-existent, and curb cuts are not provided. In some places, on the character and pedestrian environment of the campus. Partly parked cars block the sidewalk. because of the narrowness of sidewalks, the disconnect between where some walks are located and where people want to walk, and where vehicular circulation students tend to congregate, pedestrians regularly walk on the roadway. Vehicular access to the campus is via MS 522 from the east where it On the northern section of the loop, where the Dining Hall, Union and connects to US Highway 61, a major north-south highway through Library attract large crowds, the bike lane which is part of the roadway is the western part of Mississippi. The campus has two gates: the main treated as a sidewalk. In addition, pedestrians cross the loop at multiple gate which is the first gate from the east and is manned, and a second locations, many of which are not designated crossings. unmanned gate reached from farther west. While no traffic count data is available, most traffic enters via the manned gate. Another concern is poor or limited pavement markings and signage. This creates confusion for motorists, both in safely negotiating intersections Both routes lead to the core of the campus, which is mainly concentrated and finding their way, and is a safety hazard for pedestrians. The around both sides of an internal loop comprising Alcorn Avenue and markings at some pedestrian crossings are faded, which is particularly ASU Drive. Alcorn Avenue is one-way and ASU Drive is two-way, one hazardous for pedestrians at night and crossings are not marked at some and two-lane roads respectively, with a 10-foot wide, one-way (clockwise) locations where pedestrians can be expected to cross. bike lane within the roadway on the inside of the loop. Vehicles were observed parked in the bike lane, however, no bikes were observed using the lane. Vehicles were also seen stopping in the traffic lane and the driver chatting to people on the sidewalk, blocking other traffic and shuttle buses.

Campus Context 31 transit The campus operates two shuttle buses on a route that follows the loop and uses Alcorn Way to the stadium parking lot. Two buses, operated under contract by the Claiborne County Human Resource Agency, run on an average of about every 15 minutes. At times, buses were observed to pass by more frequently, while at other times, one bus was closely behind the other. Regardless, the service provides the campus population with an alternative means of reaching most key area on the campus. Buses run between 7:00 am and 4:00 p.m. There are no designated stops and people flag the bus down if they want to ride.

Ridership is reportedly very low. This is understandable given that the size of the loop makes walking a more logical travel choice, and although the stadium parking lot is more distant, very few commuters park in that area. One of the main purposes of the shuttle is to carry commuters between the stadium parking and the campus core. As expected, almost no vehicles were observed parked in the stadium area since closer, more convenient, and cheap parking is readily available. Commencing in September 2009, commuting students are to only park in the stadium lots, and shuttle use is anticipated to increase substantially.

Existing shuttle buses not fully utilized on the Lorman Campus.

32 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Existing Conditions

bcyclei Apart for the various types of bicycle paths and routes, and a few bike The campus layout and topography make cycling a very feasible option racks, there are currently no other facilities or programs to support cycling. for traveling around campus, however, no bicycles were observed on However, the University is planning to introduce a bike share program campus, either in use or parked. This may be explained by the ease of by purchasing bicycles that can be used by anyone on the campus for driving almost anywhere on the campus and the lack of a bike culture. free. This program is gaining popularity and proving successful on many campuses. Mississippi State University has such a program with 100 As noted under Roads and Vehicular Circulation, there are bicycle bicycles and a goal of eventually having 500 bicycles in operation. circulation facilities on campus. The Alcorn Avenue/ASU Drive loop has a 10-foot wide, one-way (clockwise) bike lane within the roadway for the ROADWAY INFRASTRUCTURE entire loop. This was installed with a grant intended to enhance bicycle The existing infrastructure for roadways and parking on campus is access from the Natchez Trail to historic buildings on the campus, as substandard. The main entrance, landscaped boulevard and the honors well as promote cycling on campus for health benefits. However, except residence hall areas are the only roadway and parking areas that do not for after hours recreational use for walking or jogging by faculty and need improving. Once inside the gate, numerous upgrades need to be staff, the bike lane appears to be rarely used. A 10-foot wide, one-way made. bike lane is also very unusual as five feet is the recommended width and unnecessary given the low bicycle volumes. ASU Drive should be the focal point as entering the campus. The existing drive is too narrow and drainage is not controlled, which is The other major bike facility is a greenway along the western edge of causing erosion in several places. The main drive should be widened, the campus that connects the Thompson Street residence halls to the and the installation of curbs and gutters would upgrade access to all stadium and gate south of the recreation complex. This appears to be roadways and parking lots. The existing roadway base along the main intended for recreational use and its location makes it an enjoyable place drive is generally in good condition with minor cracks and a few base to ride a bicycle. MS 522, from the south gate to US Highway 61, is a failures. The roadways throughout campus have a good base, but all designated bike route, providing a safe and convenient biking route for need repairs and resurfacing. There are many cracks that need to be recreational purposes or commuters living near MS 522. sealed prior to resurfacing.

Cyclists can also ride in mixed traffic on the many roads on the campus, serviceAREAS most of which are low speed and relatively safe. Cyclists would also find Access to services areas for some buildings on campus is inadequate. some of the pedestrian paths convenient, an acceptable situation only These areas are too narrow for service trucks, and improvements need wherever pedestrians are few. to be incorporated on an individual building basis as changes are made.

Campus Context 33 Parking Area Number of Spaces Dairy 10 Ecology Lab Building 69 Metrology Lab 14 Welcome Center 4 University Park 50 Agricultural Extension 99 Whitney Complex/Gymnasium 151 Football Stadium 1156 Agricultural Building 62 Industrial Technology 201 ROTC/Industrial Technology 9 Service Station 5 Thompson/Lott/Revels Halls 398 Lott Staff Parking 48 NAB Building 61 Financial Aid 39 Financial Aid (Behind) 45 Simmons Gymnasium 14 ASU Laundry 8 Harmon Hall 20 Burrus Hall 39 Robinson/Burrus Halls (Behind) 67 Mabel Thomas Hall 87 Demby Tower 210 ASU Washerteria 14 Single Men's and Women's Apartments 38 Mabel Henley HSG Complex 28 Alice Tanner Hall 14 ASU Library 77 Fine Arts Building 108 Parking Areas Old Dining Hall 32 Bowles Hall 2 Biotechnology Building 70 Math & Science Building 70

F igure 3.8: Existing Parking Areas Table 3.3: Existing Parking Count

34 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Existing Conditions parking Tower. The largest parking areas are around and near the stadium, but on the day of the campus visit, these were also completely unused. Parking Supply and Demand Walking around the campus often involves walking through a parking Given the isolation of the campus and the very limited alternatives to lot, not a desirable walking environment. Despite the abundance of driving, the automobile is the only viable means of travel for the vast official parking, there is a significant amount of illegal parking. Some of majority of students, faculty, and staff. For this reason, the University this parking obstructs the movement of pedestrians. has ensured that adequate parking is provided for typical day use as well as special events. Parking Regulations All students and employees who park on the campus must display a The campus has 3,332 official spaces for the approximately 2,500 students, parking decal. The annual cost is $30, except for commuter parking at as well as faculty and staff. A total of 994 decals had been issued at the the stadium which is $20. beginning of the 2009-2010 academic year. Based on these statistics and observations, the campus has an overall surplus of parking, though Some parking restrictions apply on campus, as certain parking lots are it may not be located where users would prefer. The ratio of parking restricted to staff and visitors. Only male and female residents are spaces to campus population is just under 1.0, which is very high authorized to park in the male and female residence hall lots, respectively. compared to other non-urban campuses. This recognizes that not all Commuting students can only park in the stadium lots, which is to be the population is on campus on a particular day. more strictly enforced after September 2009, and after 5:00 p.m., can park anywhere on campus. Most official parking is in parking lots, both paved and unpaved, with some designated on-street parking. In all, there are 35 designated Fines for illegal parking range between $20 and $150. Despite this, illegal parking areas. Of the 3,332 spaces, 1,320 (or 40%) are located around parking is common, including parking on grassy areas, which sometimes the stadium, which is less than a 10-minute walk from the campus obstructs sidewalks, the loop bike lane, and even the designated right core and is also served by the shuttles. The campus has no parking turn lane on ASU Drive. structures, understandable given the relative abundance of unused land. Game parking is accommodated by also parking 700 cars on the unused PARKING SURFACES airstrip. There are many parking lots on campus that are substandard and would require major upgrades. Most parking lots were not properly graded, The parking areas and parked cars dominate the campus landscape. many hold water, and the pavement is substandard. When water stands, There are many small parking areas scattered throughout the campus, it weakens the base supporting the parking lot and failure will occur. All often associated with specific buildings. All residence halls are provided existing parking lots that are to remain need to be curb and guttered, with adjacent parking. Five hundred spaces will be built as part of the repair any base failures, re-grade for proper drainage, install proper new 1,000-bed residence hall complex near the Thompson Women’s storm water measures, and construct new pavement surfaces.

Campus Context 35 1 2

ASU Buildings Buildings (Overlay) 3 4 Open Space (Overlay)

F igures 3.9-3.12: 1. ASU Lorman Campus (no comparison overlay) 2. ASU with JSU Overlay 3. ASU with MC Overlay 4. ASU with MSU Overlay.

36 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Existing Conditions

openpace s A comparative analysis of open space with peer institutions provides a framework for an appropriate scale of institutional signature green space that is desired by Alcorn State University. The location of the University allows for views to the natural setting and forest acreage, which has the opportunity to interplay with a formally organized space. Evident through this model of study, it is desirable to protect and enhance a gathering space that allows significant volumes of inhabitants for University functions. The open space should also provide a quality landscape and sense of place for the individual pedestrian moving through or smaller groups gathering in the space.

Tables 3.4-3.7: Comparison of Alcorn State University with familiar Mississippi institutions: JSU, MC, and MSU. 1 Alcorn State University ASU 2 Jackson State University JSU Lorman, Mississippi Founded 1871 Jackson, Mississippi Founded 1877 Main Campus Student Population 2,500 students Total Student Population 8,351 students On-Campus Housing 1,350 residents On-Campus Housing 2,201 residents Land (Main Campus) 1,700 acres Land (Main Campus) 125 acres

3 Mississippi College MC Mississippi State University MSU Clinton, Mississippi Founded 1826 4 Starkville, Mississippi Founded 1878 Total Student Population 4,847 students Total Student Population 18,501 students On-Campus Housing 1,740 residents On-Campus Housing 4,000 residents Land (Main Campus) 320 acres Land (Main Campus) 4,200 acres

Campus Context 37 topography & slope analysis The majority of the central campus is in the 0% to 15% slope range, which has prevented major erosion problems around campus. The areas on the campus with increased slopes are near the property lines, at the downstream ends of the three watersheds that encompass the University. These slopes cannot be avoided due to the terrain. However, the potential sediment runoff can be controlled where needed, as stated in the Stormwater Management section of this report. The majority of the high sloped areas are currently in wooded uninhabited areas and need no attention unless future expansion is planned for a specific area. The areas on campus that have an increased slope are being maintained to the best ability of the available staff. A separate campus-wide erosion control study should be performed to provide more extensive analysis and erosion control measures.

0-5% Slope 6-15% Slope 16-30% Slope 31-50% Slope 51%+ Slope

F igure 3.13: Slope Analysis Map - Lorman Campus

38 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN m AMMY jUDY bAYOU wATERSHED

Existing Conditions

1 watersheds Alcorn State University's Lorman Campus is geographically located on top of several ridges in Claiborne County, Mississippi, thus ensuring the entire campus is outside of the 100-year flood plain. The campus is divided into three main drainage areas. The northern most drainage area drains into the Mammy Judy Bayou watershed. The two most southern areas both drain into the Dowd Creek Watershed. Neither of the two a LCORN sTATE uNIVERSITY watersheds drain into populated areas. Ultimately, both watersheds empty into the Mississippi River, which is located approximately five miles downstream.

m ISSISSIPPI rIVER 2

3

a LCORN dRAINAGE aREAS

d OWD cREEK wATERSHED

F igures 3.14-3.15 (left and right): Watershed depiction of the Lorman Campus and the watersheds in relation to the Mississippi River.

Campus Context 39 40 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 4 fni di gs

Key findings from the analysis phase of the planning process and supplemental assessments, including the Space Utilization Study and the Building Assessment Survey, were instrumental in formulating a vision for Alcorn State University. Highlighted areas of concentration include providing new, quality facilities to meet projected growth, investing in the expansion of residence life and athletic facilities, and planning for the highest and best use of the University’s significant land assets.

41 Table 4.1: Utilization and Space Needs Analysis Summary

Key Findings Classroom Utilization • 21 weekly room hours with 67% occupancy • Average weekly room hours lower than would be expected The Utilization and Space Needs Analysis brought forth three primary space Teaching Laboratory Utilization • 15 weekly room hours with 74% occupancy need planning drivers including: • Room hours and occupancy lower than would be expected

• Invest in expansion of facilities and support space for athletics and Space Needs Analysis recreation. • Overall deficit at target enrollment of 295,000 ASF • Need additional 18,000 ASF academic space • Need additional 80,500 ASF academic support space • Invest in expansion of residence life. • Need additional 197,000 ASF auxiliary space

• Invest in improving quality and expansion of central physical plant Natchez Campus facilities to support new and existing space. • Need campus amenities • Need student center space • Need student services • Need additional building for future enrollment

Vicksburg Campus • Overall need for 86,000 ASF to grow to 1,600 students

42 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN fni di gs Utilization and Space Needs Analysis

Pocessr Lorman Campus, 767 students at the Natchez Campus, and 193 In order to undertake the Space Needs Analysis, Paulien & Associates students at the Vicksburg Campus. requested data on enrollment, courses, staffing, and room-by-room data • The planning horizon represents an anticipated future enrollment on facilities. The University provided current enrollment and projected level of 5,854 headcount students by 2015. After this anticipated numbers, the Fall 2009 course file, and the Fall 2009 staffing file. At the growth, the headcount at the future year will breakdown as 3,054 start of the project, the University did not have a facilities inventory file. students on the main Lorman Campus, 1,200 students on the The University provided the consultant with floor plans when available. Natchez Campus, and 1,600 students on the Vicksburg Campus. The consultant visited campus to do a field survey of academic spaces It is estimated that half of the growth in enrollment will be from and created a room-by-room facilities inventory for the main academic on-line courses. buildings on campus by taking measurements for the rooms on campus by walking the physical spaces, recording the occupants of the rooms, observations and creating a spreadsheet file of facilities. Using the spreadsheet • A goal of the Master Plan is to move the University forward in information gathered during on-site visits, the consultant compiled a recruiting and retaining students. facilities data inventory. The consultant was provided with the assignable • The focus of the planned growth will be on the Natchez and square footage of the other buildings on campus and, when needed, Vicksburg Campuses. Half of the growth is expected to be on-line asked for additional information regarding the building occupants. This offerings. data for the other buildings was provided on an overall building level and • Alcorn is evolving from a teaching institution toward being a did not break down the information room-by-room. comprehensive university. Research will be a larger part of the University mission, resulting in a need for modern research facilities. All space in this analysis is projected in assignable square footage • There is a need for more modern equipment and furniture and for (ASF) which is defined as the usable space contained within classrooms, updated technology in classrooms. laboratories, offices, etc. It does not include circulation and building • Deferred maintenance is seen as a large problem for the campus. service space, nor does it include the thickness of walls or structural While some divisions have issues with space quantity, all divisions components like columns. have issues with the quality of space.

Campus visits included meetings on campus and on-site work sessions UTILIZATION findings to create the facilities inventory for the academic buildings and to present Classrooms and teaching laboratories were studied to show the level of the results of the Utilization and Space Needs Study. use. The factors illustrated in the Utilization Study included the average hours per week of scheduled instructional use, the percentage of student planning assumptions stations filled when the rooms are scheduled, as well as the average size • The base year for this study is Fall 2009. of the student stations. • The Master Plan is planned to be a 10-year plan. • The Fall 2009 student headcount of 3,334 students was used as the base. The breakdown by campus is 2,374 students at the main

Findings 43 Table 4.3: Campuswide Space Needs Analysis - Lorman Campus

2009 2015 Student HC = 2,374 Student HC = 3,054 Staffing FTE = 675 Staffing FTE = 793 Percent Percent Existing Guideline Surplus/ Surplus/ Existing Guideline Surplus/ Surplus/ SPACE CATEGORY ASF ASF (Deficit) Deficit ASF ASF (Deficit) Deficit Academic Space Classroom & Service 32,458 36,756 (4,298) ‐13% 41,894 46,820 (4,926) ‐13% Table 4.2: Alcorn State University Space Allocation Teaching Laboratories & Service 40,419 29,332 11,087 27% 48,624 36,702 11,922 25% Open Laboratories & Service 21,088 19,485 1,603 8% 26,329 26,849 (520) ‐2% Space Category Estimated ASF Research Laboratories & Service 62,071 55,500 6,571 11% 62,901 76,600 (13,699) ‐22% Classroom Space 32,458 Academic Offices & Service 68,869 66,145 2,724 4% 80,745 81,440 (695) ‐1% Animal Facilities 48,028 48,100 (72) 0% 48,028 48,100 (72) 0% Teaching Laboratory Space 40,419 Other Academic Department Space 35,277 34,640 637 2% 38,100 47,729 (9,629) ‐25% Open Laboratory Space 21,088 Academic Space Subtotal 308,210 289,958 18,252 6% 346,621 364,240 (17,619) ‐5% Research Laboratory Space 62,071 Academic Support Space Office Space 125,717 Administrative Offices & Service 56,848 42,995 13,853 24% 66,094 46,400 19,694 30% Animal Facilities 48,028 Library 89,684 78,624 11,060 12% 89,684 94,683 (4,999) ‐6% Physical Education & Recreation 15,903 25,825 (9,922) ‐62% 15,903 29,915 (14,012) ‐88% Library Space 89,684 Athletics 99,494 150,000 (50,506) ‐51% 99,494 150,000 (50,506) ‐51% Assembly & Exhibit 28,298 Assembly & Exhibit 28,298 26,646 1,652 6% 32,091 26,646 5,445 17% Physical Plant 23,673 37,369 (13,696) ‐58% 23,673 45,119 (21,446) ‐91% Physical Plant 23,673 Other Administrative Department Space 7,029 8,661 (1,632) ‐23% 7,029 11,933 (4,904) ‐70% Physical Education/Recreation 15,903 Academic Support Space Subtotal 320,929 370,120 (49,191) ‐15% 333,968 404,696 (70,728) ‐21% Athletics 99,494 Auxiliary Space Other Department Space 42,306 Student Center 42,483 26,114 16,369 39% 42,483 33,594 8,889 21% Student Center 42,483 Residence Life 336,412 337,500 (1,088) 0% 362,806 625,000 (262,194) ‐72% Health Care Facilities 13,297 12,990 307 2% 13,297 17,898 (4,601) ‐35% Residence Life 336,412 Child Care Center 5,417 5,917 (500) ‐9% 5,417 6,805 (1,388) ‐26% Health Care Facilities 13,297 Auxiliary Space Subtotal 397,609 382,521 15,088 4% 424,003 683,297 (259,294) ‐61% Child Care Center 5,417 TOTAL 1,026,748 1,042,599 (15,851) ‐2% 1,104,592 1,452,233 (347,641) ‐31% Total Assignable Square Feet (ASF) 1,026,748 ASF Faculty & Staff Housing 65,988 65,988 Inactive/Conversion Space 176,560 30,853

CAMPUS TOTAL 1,269,296 1,285,147 (15,851) ‐1% 1,201,433 1,549,074 (347,641) ‐29%

44 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Utilization and Space Needs Analysis

Classroom Utilization Teaching Laboratory Utilization The 42 classrooms on the Alcorn State University campus averaged 21 The University’s 36 teaching laboratories averaged 15 weekly room hours hours of scheduled use per week, with 67% of the student stations filled of use. When laboratories were in use, the student station occupancy when classrooms were in use. The classrooms average 20 assignable averaged 74%. Compared to Paulien & Associates’ data for which like square feet (ASF) per student station. The expected range is around 30 studies have been performed, the 15 weekly room hours is somewhat to 35 hours per week of scheduled use with 65% to 70% of the student lower than the consultant would expect to see. An expected range is 18 stations filled. to 20 weekly room hours of scheduled use in teaching laboratories. The Alcorn State University teaching laboratory student station occupancy is The 12 classrooms that accommodate 51 to 60 student stations averaged slightly below the expected range of 75% to 80% occupancy. 26 weekly room hours of use, followed by classrooms that have 46 to 50 and 61 to 75 student stations averaging 24 hours per week of use. One SaceNedsp e Analysis classroom in the Math & Science Building with a capacity of 56 student The Space Needs Analysis assists in determining the magnitude of stations and one classroom in Walter Washington with a capacity of space needed for both the base year and at the future plan horizon. The 88 showed the highest weekly room hours (WRH) of use with 33 hours consultant reviewed applicable guidelines and used factors consistent per week. The 88-seat classroom, however, only averaged 44% of the with other similar institutions of higher learning. The guideline selected seats filled when the room was scheduled. The percentage of seats for each space category was the one deemed most appropriate for Alcorn filled in classrooms, the student station occupancy (SSO), is highest in State University. classrooms that have 46 to 50 student stations. The classrooms with 46 to 50 student stations averaged 93% student station occupancy. It Application of the guidelines analysis for the main Alcorn State University is common to find that as classroom capacity increases, the student campus generated a space deficit of just over 15,800 ASF at the base year, station occupancy decreases. The classroom utilization at Alcorn State Fall 2009, with an enrollment of 2,374 students. Using projections to University, with the notable exception of the classrooms that seat 46 to the plan horizon, the space deficit increases to over 347,500 ASF in the 50 students, generally follow this trend. future when enrollment reaches 3,054 students. Over 260,000 ASF of that deficit is in the residence life space category. The classrooms on campus are most heavily used in the mornings. The greatest overall percentage of classrooms in use is during the 11:00 a.m. At the future year, the space analysis shows a need for slightly more than time slots on Monday through Thursday when over 70% of all classrooms 17,600 ASF of Academic Space need and a need for just over 70,700 ASF were in use. The 9:00 a.m. time periods on Monday through Friday and of Academic Support Space. The findings show a need for just under the 10:00 a.m. time periods on Monday and Wednesday show over 60% 260,000 ASF of Auxiliary Space. Academic Space includes classrooms, of classrooms on campus in use. The highest percentage of classrooms laboratories, and academic offices. Academic Support Space includes are in use at 11:00 a.m. on Tuesday when 76% of classrooms are in use. administrative offices, assembly space, athletics space and physical plant The opposite view of the percentage of classrooms filled is that at all space. Auxiliary Space includes student center and residence life space times of all days, at least 24 % of classrooms are not scheduled for use. as well as a child care center and student health center space.

Findings 45 Table 4.4: Campuswide Space Needs Analysis - Natchez Campus The space category with the greatest space need at the base year is athletics. The physical education and recreation, classroom, and physical 2009 2015 Student HC = 767 Student HC = 1,200 plan categories also show a need for additional space. Staffing FTE = 43 Staffing FTE = 140 Percent Percent At the future year, the residence life category shows the greatest need for Existing Guideline Surplus/ Surplus/ Existing Guideline Surplus/ Surplus/ SPACE CATEGORY ASF ASF (Deficit)(Deficit) DeficitDeficit ASFASF (Deficit)(Deficit) DeficitDeficit space. The classroom, physical education and recreation, athletics, and physical plant continue to show deficits at the future year. The research Academic Space laboratory space category shows a need for space at the future year. ClassroomC ass oo & Service Se ce 10,0240,0 4,375,3 5 5,6 5,649 9 56% 10,0240,0 11,375,3 5 ( (1,351) ,35 ) ‐13%3% Teaching Laboratories & Service 1,052 1,482 (430) ‐41% 1,052 2,580 (1,528) ‐145% Open Laboratories & Service 5,694 8,484 (2,790) ‐49% 9,571 13,272 (3,701) ‐39% For the future year, the existing space on campus was reallocated slightly Academic Offices & Service 14,054 9,015 5,039 36% 14,054 21,370 (7,316) ‐52% to reflect the completion of the construction of the Ecology Building and Other Academic Department Space 4,720 4,848 (128) ‐3% 4,720 7,584 (2,864) ‐61% the renovation of Dumas Hall. The space in the Biotechnology Building Academic Space Subtotal 35,544 28,204 7,340 21% 39,421 56,181 (16,760) ‐43% that will be vacated by the School of Business is shown as assigned to Academic S Supportupport Space the School of Agriculture, Research, Extension, and Applied Sciences in Administrative Offices & Service 2,255 430 1,825 81% 2,255 7,650 (5,395) ‐239% the future year analysis. Also at the future year, residence life space was Library 7,553 7,272 281 4% 7,553 11,376 (3,823) ‐51% adjusted to include the new residence hall complex under construction Assembly & Exhibit 7, 648 16, 000 (8, 352) ‐109% 7, 648 16, 000 (8, 352) ‐109% at the time of this study. Other Administrative Department Space 789 2,424 (1,635) ‐207% 789 3,792 (3,003) ‐381% Academic Support Space Subtotal 18,245 26,126 (7,881) ‐43% 18,245 38,818 (20,573) ‐113% At the base year, the space category that has been labeled inactive/ Auxiliary Space conversion space includes an unused science laboratory in Bowles Hall, Student Center 256 8,437 (8,181) ‐3196% 256 13,200 (12,944) ‐5056% the unfinished/shell space in the Biotechnology Building, the Ecology Residence Life 22,119 29,000 (6,881) ‐31% 22,119 29,000 (6,881) ‐31% Health Care Facilities 1,507 3,636 (2,129) ‐141% 1,507 5,688 (4,181) ‐277% Building, one wing in the Industrial Technology Building, Dumas Hall, Lanier Hall, Rowan Hall, Bell Dining Hall, Demby Men’s Tower, Belle Auxiliary Space Subtotal 23,882 41,073 (17,191) ‐72% 23,882 47,888 (24,006) ‐101% Lettres Hall, and a suite of offices on the fifth floor of Walter Washington. TOTAL 7777,671 671 95 95,403 403 (17 (17,732) 732) ‐23% 81,54881 548 142 142,887 887 (61 (61,339) 339) ‐75% At the future year, the inactive/conversion spaces include the science Inactive/Conversion Space 3,877 0 lab in Bowles Hall, Rowan Hall, Belle Lettres Hall, the unfinished/shell CAMPUS TOTAL 81,548 99,280 () (17,732) ‐22% 81,548 142,887 () (61,339) ‐75% space in the Biotechnology building, remaining space in the Industrial Technology Building that is not being renovated, the Old President’s House, and the space vacated in Walter Washington when Admissions and Recruiting move to Lanier Hall. Similar to the inactive/conversion space the faculty and staff housing space has been shown at the bottom of the space needs analysis table but not calculated in the overall space needs analysis.

46 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Utilization and Space Needs Analysis

Table 4.5: Campuswide Space Needs Analysis - Vicksburg Campus

natchez campus 2009 2015 The Space Needs Analysis for the Natchez Campus shows a deficit space Student HC = 193 Student HC = 1,600 Staffing FTE = 5 Staffing FTE = 190 need at the base year of just over 17,700 ASF. At the future year, assuming Percent Percent growth from 767 current student to 1,200 students, and assuming that Existing Guideline Surplus/ Surplus/ Existing Guideline Surplus/ Surplus/ half of the enrollment increase will be in on-line courses, the space need SPACE CATEGORY ASF ASF (Deficit) Deficit ASF ASF (Deficit) Deficit will increase to just over 61,300 ASF. Academic Space Classroom & Service 7,378 2,617 4,761 65% 7,378 12,151 (4,773) ‐13% At the Natchez Campus, the inactive/conversion space is the old Nursing Teaching Laboratories & Service 3,778 1,418 2,360 62% 3,778 6,082 (2,304) ‐61% Open Laboratories & Service 224 1,287 (1,063) ‐475% 224 10,665 (10,441) ‐4661% Learning Resource Center. This space is included in open laboratory space at the future year when it is renovated into exam rooms and a Academic Space Subtotal 11,380 5,322 6,058 53% 11,380 28,898 (17,518) ‐154% skills laboratory. Academic Support Space Administrative Offices & Service 2,823 1,005 1,818 64% 2,823 37,875 (35,052) ‐1242% vicksburg campus Library 3,400 1,716 1,684 50% 3,400 14,220 (10,820) ‐318% Other Administrative Department Space 2,822 572 2,250 80% 2,822 4,740 (1,918) ‐68% The Vicksburg Campus currently consists of leased spaces. The leased Academic Support Space Subtotal 9,045 3,293 5,752 64% 9,045 56,835 (47,790) ‐528% and other shared spaces that Alcorn uses in Vicksburg have been included in this analysis. The Space Needs Analysis for the Vicksburg Campus TOTAL 20,425 8,615 11,810 58% 20,425 85,733 (65,308) ‐320% shows sufficient space at the base year. At the future year, assuming CAMPUS TOTAL 20,425 8,615 11,810 58% 20,425 85,733 (65,308) ‐320% growth from 193 current student to 1,600 students, and assuming that half of the enrollment increase will be in on-line courses, the Vicksburg Campus will need a total of approximately 85,700 ASF of space.

Findings 47 Good Condition (May Have Some Outstanding Issues): Assessment Score 85 - 100 Moderate Condition (Needs Substantial Work): Assessment Score 65 - 84 Poor Condition or Predetermined by Owner for Demolition or Major Renovation: Assessment Score 0 - 64

F igure 4.1: Building Assessment Evaluation Map

48 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN B uilding Assessment Summary

surveyrocess p The Building Assessment Survey was performed by LPK Architects in were also taken into account. The observation process yielded a conjunction with Atherton Consulting Engineers (Mechanical Engineer) number of issues that the University faces including significant deferred and The Power Source (Electrical Engineer) to determine the existing maintenance costs, HVAC inefficiencies, moisture infiltration, the need condition of buildings on campus and to identify their major systems for handicap accessibility, and the need for fire protection. Two example and components. categories of issues are highlighted below.

Information on this survey was determined through on-site visual Water Infiltration in Academic Buildings inspection of facilities, meetings and campus tours with Physical Plant • 7 out of 13, or 54% of classroom and academic structures on the personnel, existing documents supplied by the University, and input from main campus have water infiltration issues. the University Leadership, faculty, staff and students. Data collection and • 1 out of 2 classroom and academic structures on the Natchez evaluation included a method of photographing the buildings, identifying Campus have water infiltration issues. deficiencies and problem areas, and scoring building systems and sub- • The Hinds Community College Campus in Vicksburg has no systems by a point system determining overall building condition. observed water infiltration problems. • The downtown Vicksburg Campus has water infiltration issues. assessment graphic Three scales of evaluation were used for the survey: identifying existing Smart Board and Projection Capabilities conditions of campus wide utility infrastructure and terrain, using overall • 30% of classroom facilities on the main campus have either smart building by building analysis, and observing individual rooms within board or projection technology. academic buildings. The buildings are depicted on an evaluation map as: • 100% of classroom facilities on the Natchez Campus have either smart board or projection technology. • Good Condition (may have some outstanding issues) • 43% of classroom facilities at the Hinds Community College Campus Assessment Score: 85-100 have projection technology. • Moderate Condition (needs substantial work) • The downtown Vicksburg Campus has two meeting rooms with Assessment Score: 65-84 smart technology. • Poor Condition or Predetermined by Owner for Demolition or Major Renovation Assessment Score: 0-64 observations & Issues The assessment team went through each building examining the foundation, exterior wall, floor system, and roof system. Observations were also made of the interior ceilings, walls/partitions, windows, and doors. Safety, accessibility, overall appearance, and historical status

Findings 49 50 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 5 aisionf v or the university The Campus Master Plan consists of a 10-year vision for the campus, to provide direction over time, as the plan is interpreted through the process of implementation, and as architects, landscape architects, and engineers develop specific designs for each individual project. While the purpose of a master plan is to propose a long-term framework, the plan will identify key moves that make an immediate impact. The following pages describe the vision, highlighting the areas of greatest transformation. The vision describes how each of these parts contributes to the complete evolution of the Alcorn State University campuses.

51 Building Demolition Square Feet (SF) William H. Bell Dining Hall 0 Mabel Thomas Hall 40,295 Eunice Powell Hall 20,608 James L. Bolden Campus Union 92,308 Dorothy Gordon Gray Home 3,822 VIP Home 3,311 Total Zone Demolition (GSF) 160,343 GSF

Building Proposed Construction Square Feet (SF) Village Center for Students (Phase I) 47,692 Village Center for Students (Phase II) 61,538 Washington Addition 30,000 Future Academic Space 60,000 Academic Technology 48,000 Total Zone Proposed (GSF) 247,230 GSF Table 5.1: Campus Core Demolition & Proposed Construction

F igure 5.1: Conceptual view of Alcorn Avenue as a pedestrian mall.

52 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Campus Core

PESTRIAN-ORIENTEDE D CAMPUS The pedestrian core is defined by a roadway that loops by the Honors Residence Hall and connects to Alcorn Drive. This zone contains campus buildings essential to scholastic growth such as the library, the dining hall, academic classrooms, and the student center. Enhancements include:

A. Pedestrian Mall – The conversion of Alcorn Avenue into a pedestrian mall with the removal of vehicular traffic and parking conflicts.

E B. Establish a pedestrian network connecting and reinforcing D the core campus green to adjacent zones.

C. The construction of a retail plaza adjacent to the J.D. Boyd C Library. G D. The phased replacement of the James L. Bolden Student Union including the demolition of Eunice Powell Hall. F H E. The addition of academic classrooms and offices to Washington I A Hall and the creation of a new plaza.

F. An amphitheater in the central green between Bowles Hall and Bristow Dining Hall.

G. An enhanced entrance and traffic circle.

H. The creation of a sorority and fraternity signage wall landscape B element built into the topography of the central green.

I. The construction of an Academic Technology facility.

Figure 5.1: Conceptual view of Alcorn Avenue as a pedestrian mall. F igure 5.2: Campus Core Plan

A Vision for the University 53 F igure 5.3: Conceptual view of the Lakeside Residential District with the Old President's House and Chapel in the foreground.

54 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Lakeside Residential District

Lkesia de residential community

A. The addition of 600 suite-style beds to the newly constructed 1,000 bed lakeside housing. This would require the already scheduled demolition of Robinson, Burrus, Mabel Thomas and Alice Tanner Residence Halls. B B. This zone will be serviced by a proposed relocation of 400 parking spaces.

C. The 1,000 newly constructed residence hall beds will have 171 close proximity parking spaces.

This zone is enhanced by the addition of 4 basketball courts and a pedestrian bridge over the lake connecting the zone to the core district. The accumulative bed count for this zone would be 1,600 beds. A total of A 571 parking spaces support this zone, plus remote parking at the stadium.

C Building Demolition Square Feet (SF) Burrus Hall 73,797 Robinson Hall 56,923 Alice Tanner Hall 24,258 Cleopatra D. Thompson Women's Tower 126,378 Laundromat 2,068 Total Zone Demolition (GSF) 283,425 GSF

Building Proposed Construction Square Feet (SF) Lakeside Residential Community (600 Beds) 192,308 New Physical Plant Facility 20,000 Total Zone Proposed (GSF) 212,308 GSF

F igure 5.4: Lakeside Residential District Plan Table 5.2: Lakeside District Demolition & Proposed Construction

A Vision for the University 55 A

A

F igure 5.5: Conceptual view of the Honors Residential District.

56 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN H onors Residence Halls

Hnorso residential community By expanding and reinforcing the three residential zones on campus, the on-campus bed count would increase to 2,500 beds. A second zone at the Honors Residence Hall location includes:

A. The addition of 260 suite-style beds in this zone will be achieved through the construction of two buildings.

B. A long-range vehicular connector will relieve vehicular pressures in the campus core.

B The accumulative bed count for this zone will increase from 150 to 410 total beds, and 81 parking spaces support this zone. A

Building Demolition Square Feet (SF) Total Zone Demolition (GSF) 0 GSF

Building Proposed Construction Square Feet (SF) Honors Residential Community (260 Beds) 92,308 Total Zone Proposed (GSF) 92,308 GSF

Table 5.3: Honors District Demolition & Proposed Construction

F igure 5.6: Honors Residential District Plan

A Vision for the University 57 Building Demolition Square Feet (SF) Albert L. Lott Hall 40,295 W.S. Demby Men's Tower 71,138 Total Zone Demolition (GSF) 111,434 GSF

Building Proposed Construction Square Feet (SF) B Revels Residential Community (260 Beds) 92,308 Total Zone Proposed (GSF) 92,308 GSF

A Table 5.4: Athletics/Revels Demolition & Proposed Construction

F igure 5.7: Conceptual view of the Athletics/Revels Residential District.

58 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Athletics/Revels Residential District

athletics/revels Hall residential community

A. The addition of 260 suite-style beds in this zone will be achieved through the construction of two buildings. This would require the already scheduled demolition of W.S. Demby Men’s Tower and Albert L. Lott Residence Halls.

B B. A community building to support this community is located along the entry walkway adjacent to the 100 new parking spaces.

C. The demolition of the Military Science Building will provide room for an additional 120 parking spaces across the road servicing both the residence halls and the track/baseball facilities.

A This zone is enhanced by the addition of a recreational field, 4 tennis courts and 2 basketball courts. The accumulative bed count for this C zone will decrease from 894 to 490 total beds, and 255 parking spaces support this zone.

GeekHr ousing Concept In support of Greek life on campus, the University may explore a housing model, which includes multiple fraternities or sororities in a residence hall facility. The housing concept allocates floors or sections of the residence hall, with individual chapter rooms, to each group. The Athletics/Revels Hall housing district is an appropriate location due to its close proximity to recreational facilities and allows new residence halls to be designed to meet the Greek program needs.

F igure 5.8: Athletics/Revels Residential District Plan

A Vision for the University 59 Building Demolition Square Feet (SF) E Laundry 9,231 Military Science Building 23,043 E.E. Simmons Gymnasium 26,355 Service Station 134,658 Financial Services 10,019 J Track Press Box 12,436 B A Total Zone Demolition (GSF) 215,743 GSF

Building Proposed Construction Square Feet (SF) C Athletics Administration & Success Center 46,154 Indoor Practice Facility 76,923 H Whitney Complex - Renovation & Addition 87,077 USDA Agricultural Building Unknown D New Track with Press Box 15,000 Total Zone Proposed (GSF) 225,154 GSF

K I Table 5.5: Athletics/Recreation Demolition & Proposed Construction F

G

F igure 5.9: Conceptual view of the Athletics and Recreation District.

60 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Athletics and Recreation District

Ehancingn athletic and recreation facilities

E A. The construction of an Athletics Center located at the stadium's north end zone provides public outreach and end-zone seating.

B. The introduction of bioswales in the parking lot and the removal of parking on the west side of the stadium creates an environmentally responsible zone for game day activities. B C. A major renovation and addition of the Whitney Complex will A provide a 6,500-seat convocation center, health and wellness center activities, Human Sciences, locker rooms, and offices. I D. The construction of an indoor practice facility. C E. A relocated track facility with track improvements.

F. Softball seating and concessions.

D K G. An artificial turf soccer field and new tennis courts. H H. A football practice field. G F I. Enhanced pedestrian connection to the athletic district.

J. Improved vehicular circulation and game day tailgating space to accommodate 1,000 vehicles integrated in adjacent fields J with a ceremonial link to the stadium.

K. Re-routing the entrance boulevard and entry gate closer to the newly renovated Whitney Complex allows an immediate visual connection to campus.

F igure 5.10: Athletics and Recreation District Plan A total of 1,699 parking spaces support this zone.

A Vision for the University 61 recreational And support district The Master Plan recommends the demolition of all existing faculty apartments and houses.

A. This zone supports the nearby residential districts and includes the addition of 2 recreational fields, 2 tennis courts, 2 basketball courts, and 143 parking spaces.

GlfCurseo o Partnership A Although past planning efforts have suggested the inclusion of a golf course on campus property, the Campus Master Plan encourages a partnership with the existing community golf course as a more cost- effective approach consistent with the Landscape Management Plan.

F igure 5.11: Recreational and Support District Plan

62 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN F aculty Housing, Recreation, and Support

frontampus c faculty Housing district

A. This zone invests in a combination of faculty apartments and town houses located near the front entrance.

C B. The commemorative "Cattle Gap Park" serves as a memorial to the historic entrance and the University's agricultural heritage.

This pastoral setting includes a commons building and 162 parking spaces. B Cnferenceo Center Concept

C. A conference center located at the southeast corner of campus would serve as a meeting facility for alumni and gathering place for alumni events. A facility situated at this end of campus allows for close proximity to potential University and private development, which may create additional food and lodging opportunities just outside the main gate of campus.

Building Demolition Square Feet (SF) Faculty Housing 34,689 Felix H. Dunn Infirmary 20,457 Matt Thomas Apartments 52,997 Total Zone Demolition (GSF) 108,143 GSF

A Building Proposed Construction Square Feet (SF) Faculty Housing - Phase I (40 Units) 73,846 Total Zone Proposed (GSF) 73,846 GSF

Table 5.6: Faculty/Recreation Demolition & Proposed Construction

F igure 5.12: Faculty Housing District Plan

A Vision for the University 63 Natchez Campus

Ntc a hez Campus Growth In order to meet enrollment goals, the Natchez campus will require additional space. New space required includes a student center, academic space, and 65 additional student housing beds. To support enrollment growth, 184 new parking spaces will be required. Parking should be kept to the perimeter of the academic area and should be developed to minimize impervious area and additional stormwater runoff. The proposed student center and academic space are arranged to form a A new central courtyard, creating a much-needed outdoor gathering space and sense of campus.

A. The addition of a student commons building – 56,700 GSF

B. The addition of a new academic building – 37,500 GSF B C. The addition of 65 student beds.

C

B

A

C

F igure 5.13: Natchez 3D Model F igure 5.14: Natchez Plan

64 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Vicksburg Campus

AwVcks Ne i burg Campus FutureP erforming Arts Center The Vicksburg satellite campus has the greatest potential for enrollment A performing arts center has been suggested as a desired amenity for growth. It is envisioned that about 50% of the enrollment growth will students as well as a valuable opportunity for the University to interact occur through on-line and distance learning classes. The new campus with the greater community. As determined in the Space Needs Analysis, may be developed through new construction or the purchase and there are currently sufficient arts facilities on the Lorman campus. The renovation of an existing property and should provide vehicular access long-term vision supports locating a performing arts center on or near for commuter students. Examining the two campus growth model the future Vicksburg campus due to economic vitality and access to other options is a critical first step toward site selection: arts partnerships and opportunities in the city.

1. A satellite campus, with support and administrative space at the Lorman campus. 2. Develop a comprehensive campus complete with support and student service functions such as recreation, a student center, and optional residence halls. Administrative Offices Classrooms and Support 12,000 sf Teaching 38,000 sf Labs 6,000 sf

Open Labs Other 10,000 sf Admin. Library 1,700 sf Administrative Offices 14,200 sf Classrooms and Support Phys 12,000 sf Teaching 38,000 sf Plant Labs Student 4,000 sf 6,000 sf Center 8,800 sf Assembly and Open Labs Other Exhibit 10,000 sf Admin. P.E. and 16,000 sf Library 1,700 sf 14,200 sf Recreation 20,000 sf Performing Arts Center - Option

F igure 5.15: Vicksburg Concept Diagram (Option 1) Figure 5.16: Vicksburg Concept Diagram (Option 2)

A Vision for the University 65 66 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 6 Astrian Pede -Oriented Campus Analysis of the pedestrian, transportation, housing, and parking networks on campus revealed the opportunity to refocus the University around a pedestrian-oriented core. The Campus Master Plan establishes a walkable center of campus, fosters liveable residential communities, and encourages the ease of movement, informal meetings, and casual interaction among students and faculty -- all creating places on campus that strengthen the sense of community and nurture a learning environment.

67 Pedestrian Vehicular Pedestrian-Oriented Node Preserve Green Space Residential Zone Athletic/Recreation Zone Agriculture Zone Outreach Zone

F igure 6.1: Discovery Concept Diagram

68 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Astrian Pede -Oriented campus Pedestrian & Transportation Analysis

Twardo a Pedestrian-oriented campus transportation analysis Creating and maintaining a pedestrian-friendly and pedestrian-safe Conflicts between traffic and pedestrians are a common occurrence campus should be a high priority. The Campus Master Plan suggests on many campuses. Increasingly, campuses are removing or closing a strategy of concentration and density rather than of diffusion and roads to general traffic to create a more pleasant and safe environment sprawl. The Master Plan includes a walkable layout, fosters liveable for pedestrians. This option appears to be feasible for Alcorn State communities and encourages the ease of movement, informal meetings, University. It is recommended that Alcorn Avenue be closed to traffic and casual interaction among students and faculty. Outdoor spaces and and that the vehicular routes around the core of campus be linked to common areas shape the University experience as much as classrooms, create a traffic loop around the pedestrian core. This can be achieved on laboratories, and offices. Alcorn Avenue by removing the road and converting to multi-use paths. The multi-use paths would be intended for pedestrians and bicyclists, but pedestrian analysis should be designed and designated for use by emergency, service, and Walking is a central part of campus life and a viable mode of transportation delivery vehicles. A surface that is both attractive and functional should for getting around campus. Barriers that inhibit convenient and safe be considered, such as brick pavers or concrete. walking around campus should be minimized, and the future pedestrian system and amenities enhanced as the campus continues to develop. Closure of Alcorn Avenue and linking the loop road is feasible since there are options for providing necessary access. It should be stressed that A complete and comfortable pedestrian network is one essential element the intent is not to limit access to the core or inconvenience motorists, of a quality campus environment. Paths and sidewalks should be a but to place traffic on the loop road and avoid the heavy pedestrian areas minimum of five feet wide and wider where heavier pedestrian flows are that are better enjoyed if they free of traffic. anticipated (eight to ten feet is not uncommon). The paths should be shaded, with benches at locations that are pleasant for people to linger From discussions with staff, the value of this concept has already been and adequate lighting to ensure safety and security at night. In addition, recognized and the University has started to implement changes that will crossings should be marked at street intersections and mid-block move traffic to the “outer” loop. Access to parking and other facilities locations where heavy pedestrian flows occur or are expected. Wheel- would be provided by “stub” roads that would poke into but not continue chair accessible curb cuts or ramps should be installed at all crossings. through the loop. The initial project is contemplated to be upgrading All ADA requirements should be adhered to, including slopes of paths what is now primarily an unpaved road north of Alcorn Avenue (north and access to buildings from paths. of the Union and Library) to connect ASU Drive at the east end and Briarwood Drive at the west end. The faculty/staff housing between Other changes that will significantly improve the pedestrian environment Infirmary Avenue and Briarwood Drive is scheduled for demolition. This include closing or removing traffic from identified internal roads, such as new link will enable Alcorn Avenue to be closed to traffic. Ultimately, the Alcorn Avenue, and eliminating surface parking lots that pedestrians now remaining portions of the loop, as well as other internal roads, can be have to walk through. Closure of Alcorn Avenue to traffic will achieve linked to create the perimeter loop. This will place most of the campus both of these objectives and create a pedestrian priority zone where facilities within a safe and pleasant walking environment. pedestrian travel has priority over other transportation modes.

A Pedestrian-Oriented Campus 69 Existing Buildings Reinforce Building Edge Major Pedestrian System Transit Loop Pedestrian Mall Pedestrian Node Preserve Through Portal Through Major Visitor Entry Architectural Icon (Major & Minor) Existing Icon Building Preserve Green Space New Parking

F igure 6.2: Urban Design Diagram Concept

70 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Transit & Bicycle Analysis

The Campus Master Plan recommends the re-routing of the entrance reliability of the service. Stops should be clearly signed and include boulevard and placement of the entry gate closer to the newly renovated a route map and hours of service information. A bench and shelter Whitney Complex, which allows an immediate visual connection to should be provided at each stop. Information about the service should campus (see Figure 1.2). This road along with other internal roads for be shown on the University website. Bus routes can easily be adjusted daily or occasional use (shuttles, special events, etc.) should be designed as the road system changes over time. The stops should not be installed to be attractive, with particular emphasis on enhancing the pedestrian on the section if a change in a route is expected to occur within a year. and bike network. Attractive streets can greatly influence a visitor’s It can also be advantageous to operate shuttles on roads that are closed impression of a campus. Portions of Alcorn Way, the entry road from the to general traffic, sometimes referred to as transit ways, such as Alcorn south gate, have a pleasant, pastoral feel, however, this is not consistent Avenue. These roads can be shared with bikes and become major transit, along the entire length. bike, and pedestrian links on campus.

Wherever roads are retained or new roads built, streetscape Current initiatives by the City of Natchez to provide bus service to enhancements (landscaping, lighting, street furniture, etc.) to improve the campus and a $75 monthly pass should be strongly supported. their character and to reinforce the pedestrian nature of the campus for The feasibility of service to and from other locations also should be pedestrians and drivers should be included. Sidewalks should be set investigated. back at least five feet from the roadway and safe pedestrian crossings be provided. Traffic calming devices such as speed tables may be bicycle analysis appropriate in some locations. Alcorn State University has the potential to support higher bicycle usage and become more bike-friendly. In addition to providing an inexpensive Improved wayfinding is also recommended. Wayfinding encompasses and healthy mode choice, increased bicycle ridership will also decrease all of the ways in which people orient themselves in physical space the demand for parking on-campus, saving valuable land and resources. and navigate from place to place. Appropriate signage can reduce unnecessary vehicular movement around campus. It can be as Campus bicycle improvements are not made in isolation, but are one sophisticated as internet and cell phone based messages that direct component of the greater campus and city/regional transportation parking users to the parking lots with available spaces. It can also be system. The most effective bicycle solutions are those that consider simple signage that guides visitors to appropriate parking near their bicycle travel within the context of all transportation modes. It is destinations. recommended that the University focuses bicycle improvements in four main areas: transit analysis The shuttle is a valuable transportation asset to the campus. The existing • Improve bicycle facilities. bus route provides good coverage of the campus by placing most of the • Improve wayfinding and signage. campus facilities within a 5-minute walking distance of the service. It • Provide bike parking and other bicycle amenities. is recommended that buses stop at designated stops only to enhance • Promote bicycling and provide education. the users understanding of the service, improve safety, and enhance

A Pedestrian-Oriented Campus 71 Transit Route Transit Stops Secondary Stops

F igure 6.3: Transit Route Diagram

72 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN B icycle Analysis

Bicycle Facilities incorporated into new building projects where feasible. It could also In general, bicycle travel is enhanced when a high quality network of be incorporated into building overhangs, awnings, and breezeways. bicycle facilities is developed. Just as for pedestrians, a network of • Bicycle lockers also provide long-term storage and excellent weather bicycle paths should connect all major centers on the campus. Paths and theft protection. Appropriate locations for placement of may be a combination of separate bike paths, greenways (paths shared additional lockers on campus should be identified. with pedestrians -- the greenway connecting the residences halls to the south gate is an example), bike lanes on streets or wider streets (for In addition to on- and off-street bicycle facilities, it is important to example, the bike lane on Alcorn Avenue/ASU Drive, though typically consider other amenities to encourage bicycle use to and on campus. five feet is the recommended width), or simply streets that have low New buildings should incorporate shower and locker facilities to traffic volumes and speeds, which could be designated as bike routes. allow bicyclists the option of cleaning up after traveling to campus. Typically on most campuses, more than one facility type is used. Where Additionally, a bicycle station could be located at a key location on the there may be concentrations of pedestrians, dismount zones, which campus to assist with maintenance and repairs. These typically provide require cyclists to walk their bike for safety reasons, may be appropriate. bicycle storage and repair facilities, often supported by a user fee. Finally, Although not common, some campuses, such as the University of improvements to the campus street system could be made to assist Illinois, have dedicated bicycle paths not intended for shared use. The bicyclists. For example, hazards, such as sunken drainage grates, should Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities (American Association of be identified and repaired. State Highway and Transportation Officials, 1999) defines each of these facility types and their proper application. Promotion and Education In addition to infrastructure improvements for bicycles, it is important Bike Wayfinding and Signage to improve the information available for both current and potential Alcorn State University lacks a comprehensive and unified wayfinding and bicyclists, and to inform the campus community and general public signage program to direct bicyclists around campus and promote bicycle about bicyclists’ rights, rules of the road, and general safety. The safety. A consistent signage program will make bicycle movements more University also could develop and distribute a campus bicycle map. predictable and increase safety for bicyclists, pedestrians, and motorists The map should also indicate where amenities for bicyclists are located, alike. such as a bicycle station, covered or long-term bicycle parking, and other helpful information for bicycle commuters. Rules of the road and safety Bike Parking and Other Bicycle Amenities information should also be included. The following guidelines may prove helpful in planning for future bike parking needs:

• Bicycle parking should be provided at major building entrances at convenient and accessible locations. • Opportunities for covered bicycle parking, to provide weather protection for bicyclists, should be identified. This could be

A Pedestrian-Oriented Campus 73 3 7

6

4 1

2 5

Zone Name Pre Master Plan Post Master Plan 1. Core 449 spaces/98 beds 396 spaces/0 beds 2. Lakeside Residential Quad 511 spaces/1160 beds 659 spaces/1600 beds 3. Honors Residential Quad 209 spaces/150 beds 215 spaces/410 beds 4. Athletics/Revels Residential Quad 446 spaces/894 beds 248 spaces/490 beds 5. Athletics 1928 spaces 1779 spaces 6. Recreation 0 spaces 135 spaces 7. Bio-Tech/Police 70 spaces 70 spaces

F igure 6.4: Parking Spaces and Bed Count Per Zone Post Master Plan Study

74 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN H ousing Summary housing summary New student housing is to be located in the “support ring” around the campus core. New housing should be arranged in a manner designed Existing Conditions to enhance and reinforce the three primary residential “neighborhoods” The main campus has a higher than typical percentage of students living – the Lakeside, Honors, and Athletic/Revels communities. Interior on campus due to the isolated location; therefore, residence life plays an common space as well as outdoor amenities are important in the even more critical role in student engagement and providing a sense of new developments. Development should include Best Management community. Existing housing offerings are generally homogeneous with Practices for site development and sustainable design. little diversification of unit types. Additionally, the housing is segregated by gender with residence halls designated for females and males. Since Greek Housing much of the existing housing stock was constructed before 1970, it is Though there was discussion regarding individual houses for each at the end of its usable life span with significant maintenance required. chapter, this is not a financially viable model given the relatively small Built in 2006, the Women's Honors Residence Hall is the most recent membership of each chapter. The Master Plan recommends that Greek addition to the system. Housing continue with the basic model currently used, which allocates certain halls within residence halls as "special purpose" housing. Part Alcorn State University has made recent strides in improving residence of the new housing facilities should be designed to accommodate Greek life by adding Resident Assistants (RAs) to the living areas, with an Housing, with halls designed as communities and added Chapter Room approximate 1:50 ratio. The University is also in the process of making common space. The Athletics/Revels District was identified as a prime significant changes to the existing housing portfolio, by constructing location. 1,012 beds of suite style accommodations and demolishing older, dilapidated facilities. Faculty Housing The new faculty housing location is identified at the front area of campus. Proposed Actions This provides separation and privacy from the campus core, but allows Proposed housing recommendations are driven by three goals: easy access to the main circulation routes. New facilities should be a combination of apartment and townhouse style arrangements, with • Improving the sense of community and opportunity for student some individual units to be considered. The surrounding natural forest engagement. area should be preserved to the maximum extent possible. Transit • Further diversifying housing offerings and growing the system to routes should include a stop at the new housing and a bike route should approximately 2,500 beds on the Lorman Campus. The Natchez also connect the housing to the campus core. Campus is to grow from 100 beds to 165 beds. • Replacing old and dilapidated housing with new, energy efficient, and marketable facilities.

A Pedestrian-Oriented Campus 75 Lot Proposed Parking Area Space Qty. 1 New Beds A 200 2a New Beds B/Lakeside 394 2b Academic Technology 49 3 Commuter Lot 246 4 Recreation 135 5 Student Union 49 6a Honors Residential 41 6b Honors Residential/Academic 158 7 Revels/Washington 157 8 Baseball/Revels 122 9 Football -94 10 Softball 56 11 Practice Softball 60

F igure 6.5: Parking Count Post Master Plan Study

76 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Parking Analysis & Campus Security

parking analysis With use of the stadium parking, which has its major use for sporting Currently, there is little difference in the cost of a decal, regardless of events outside of school hours, there is adequate parking for everyday convenience. Over time the University can change from a permit-based needs today. While future construction and open space projects parking allocation system to a zonal system. This will allow for more will continue to displace existing parking, some projects such as the parking options at differing price levels, with price increasing the closer residence hall complex near the Thompson Women’s Tower, for which the space is to the core. Additionally, it will prevent commuters from construction has just begun, will add new parking (500 spaces in this hunting for spaces across the entire campus. Parking within each zone case though the net increase will be less). Many resident parking spaces can continue to be split between residents and commuters and further could be accommodated in the stadium lots. In the event that very large split into open and gated spaces with key-code access. amounts of existing parking is lost, land is available for new lots, thus avoiding the high cost of parking structures. CmpusBa lue light Alarm System The incorporation of a blue light alarm system at Alcorn State University As indicated above, less than 1,000 decals have been sold for the 3,330 is key to increased campus safety. The security system is a series of spaces. Even allowing for some student parking without the required emergency alarm stations strategically located throughout the campus decal, additional decals being sold as the semester progresses and to provide assistance to anyone in distress. A blue beacon is positioned during the next semester (3,786 decals have actually been ordered), and above each alarm station. When an individual presses the alarm button, visitor and service parking, a surplus of parking can still be expected. they can communicate directly with the central communications center, Observations certainly suggest this. The campus population is to notify the dispatcher of an emergency. An officer or an emergency anticipated to grow by almost 20% by 2015. This could increase demand team will be dispatched to respond effectively to the situation. Severe for decals by approximately 200. This is a relatively small increase given penalties should be in place for tampering or generating a false alarm. the large surplus. Etrancen gate security To enhance the pedestrian environment, all but essential parking should The campus has two points of entry. The main gate, located at the be removed from the core. It is critical to maintain sufficient ADA southeast corner of campus, is a manned gate. A security issue arises as accessible parking in the core area and parking for service vehicles. This the back entry gate remains uncontrolled. Over the years, the University should be a key component in planning and building layout. Currently has had issues of undesirable activity happening around and through the there is no designated visitor parking. A small lot near the core should be gate, especially as individuals unrelated to the University have access to allocated to visitors, possibly with a pay-on-foot station to collect revenue. the campus. It is recommended that the University places an unmanned, Visitor parking is a lucrative source of revenue on many campuses. key-code access gate at any back entry location, which can be primarily utilized by University personnel and service vehicles. Enforcement will become more critical over time as the campus grows and strives to become more pedestrian friendly. While the cost of a ticket seems sufficiently high to discourage violators, the high level of violation suggests the chances of being ticketed are low.

A Pedestrian-Oriented Campus 77 78 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 7 Lncapea ds elements Universities today carry the responsibility to confront environmental challenges and have many opportunities to practice sustainability through research, outdoor teaching laboratories, student initiatives, and the implementation of sustainable development strategies. The plan identifies landscape strategies such as reforestation, revegetation, and biofiltration plantings, which provide a range of benefits including maintenance cost savings, sustainable stormwater management practices, and the improvement of biodiversity along the

Mississippi River. This section includes a landscape management and phasing plan as well as suggested site furnishings and signage components in order to preserve the natural landscape and to enhance the character and identity of the University.

79 Lncapa ds E MAster Plan Key Areas and Concepts

The landscape master plan intends to create great campus spaces that support the University culture, which include: 5 1 • Ceremonial Spaces • Memorial Spaces 3 • Everyday Spaces 2 • On-campus Living Spaces 4 6 In addition, the landscape plan focuses on building campus pride through interpretive heritage and history, increasing environmental stewardship through sustainable practices, and providing a consistent language of wayfinding devices and site elements to strengthen the University brand.

F igure 7.1: Keyed areas for landscape plans and concept images on pages 79-80.

80 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Village Center Fountain Pools, Memorial Statue and Garden, Village Stores and Cafes, and Shade Trees 1

Chapel Green Memorial Statue and Gardens, Chapel Green, Old President’s House, Ring of Live Oaks, and a New Service Road 2

3 Alcorn Streetscape Live Oak Promenade, Building Entrance Plazas, Alcorn Commons, Greek Wall, and Revels Circle with Memorial Statue

Landscape Elements 81 4 Stadium Bioswale, Riparian Buffer, Constructed Wetland, VIP McNair Plaza, Tailgate Field, Visitor Plaza, Shaded Parking, Vegetation Buffer, and Walk to Campus Core

5 Windsor Plaza Sculpture Plaza, Windsor Plaza, and Amphitheater

6 Lakeside Residential District Lake Front Park, Basketball Courts, Academic Walk, Shaded Residential Parking, and Cookout Bluffs

82 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Key Areas and Concepts

existing campus this will lessen the “moat” that exists there now, and strengthens the The existing campus has a strong front door entrance and the campus public space and pedestrian walk directly in front of Washington. Steps extends along a gently rolling landscape with glimpses to several and ramps will need to be reconfigured here to maintain access to the on- campus ponds. The campus core is defined by several historic 2nd floor. The proposed Windsor Plaza area can also be lowered as a Stadium Bioswale, Riparian Buffer, Constructed Wetland, VIP McNair Plaza, Tailgate Field, Visitor Plaza, Shaded Parking, Vegetation Buffer, and Walk to Campus Core buildings, a successful central green and large stately canopy trees. On direct result which allows for a more level approach from Alcorn Walk the northern end or back side of campus, agricultural research fields are to the Math and Science Building. Lowering this area supports a level interspersed between forests. framework for creating an enjoyable campus plaza here.

Iteractionn with the Lakes Alcorn State University is situated among several natural lakes, which are part of the greater Mississippi River system. As a first step to in- creasing campus awareness and interaction with the significant lakes, without any specific physical connection or program, the University can establish names for each lake. By naming the lakes, the campus gives 2-4' an identity and recognition to each body of water. One such example is the name "Olmsted Lake" to identify the great American landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted. From 1960 to 1962, Olmsted Broth- ers (the firm of Frederick Law Olmsted), developed a Master Plan for the 4-6' University, and the plan is currently on display in the Facilities Planning Office on campus. The naming of the lakes also provides a great donor opportunity for alumni or individuals in the surrounding community. opens view Wshingtona Administration Building, Windsor Plaza, and to green Traffic Circle 6-8' The existing topography at the intersection of the entrance drive and ASU drive is generally higher than the surrounding buildings and creates a knoll that impedes sightlines to oncoming traffic at ASU Drive and into the central green. With the recommendation to add a traffic circle, 4-6' the topography in this area can be lowered to improve these sightlines and create a more open and inviting view to the central green. This strengthens the welcoming sense as one approaches the core of campus. F igure 7.2: Topography study at the traffic When the grades are lowered at the traffic circle, the topography around circle reflecting the approximate cut to occur. Washington and the proposed plaza area to the north of Washington can also be lowered. As the elevations are lowered around Washington,

Landscape Elements 83 interpretive signs A. Oakland College Cemetery B. History of Campus Planning C. Greek Life D. Bust of Dr. Levi John Rowan E. Existing Waysides: • Alcorn State University (1871) • Oakland College • The Chapel • Oakland Memorial Chapel • The Original Campus F. Alumni Garden G. Governor Alcorn H. Steve McNair Plaza I. Heritage Crops History J. Bell Lettres K. Old Port Gibson To Rodney Road L. Children Learn about Habitat M. Meadow Habitat N. Riparian Habitat O. Bioswale

F igure 7.3: Landscape Interpretive Plan

84 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Interpretive Plan

Itentfn o the interpretive plan • James Lusk Alcorn, the Governor of Mississippi held a special As part of the landscape master planning process, an opportunity interest in creating the first black public university in Mississippi. availed itself that can be of significant benefit for Alcorn. There are many • Hiram Rhodes Revels was a minister from Natchez, state aspects of Alcorn State University’s history that are important stories senator, and the first black United States Senator. He resigned to share, and sharing them on the campus grounds provides a chance after a short time to become the first President of Alcorn State to educate visitors and instill the pride of heritage into the University University. community. These stories are not only limited to the interest of Alcorn • Frederick Douglass’s description of the College in 1874 and his State University, but can describe the University’s important role in the subsequent decline of the invitation to be the college president, Nation’s history. A secondary benefit of a landscape interpretive plan is citing a lack of formal education. that once it is put in place, it will further the uniqueness of the campus. • Reorganization of the University in 1878 to become the United States’ first African-American Land Grant University under the Bildingu on history already commemorated on campus Morrill Act. There are already nine waysides on campus. Six of these are located • The Burrus Brothers and growth of Alcorn in agricultural and in front of the Chapel, with one at the cemetery, one near the new industrial leadership prior to World War I. residence halls, and one along the core loop. Eight of the signs • Contributions of Alcorn agrarians to best farming practices in were placed by Windsor – Battlefield Tour, and the remaining one by the late 20th century. Mississippi Department of Archives and History. These markers provide • University of NCAA record-holder quarterback Steve McNair. a basic background of events and people and attempt to describe the architecture. While they provide an air of significance to the grounds, In addition to these nationally-significant historical events, there are these markers provide a basic introduction, and can be substantially several themes that can be commemorated particularly for the Alcorn bolstered by a great history of the campus. In addition, there is a bust community. These include: of Dr. Levi Rowan, a well-respected educator, who lived most of his life at the University. • Miss Alcorn tradition, dating to 1926 • The Greek landmark tradition AcornSl tate University's unique history • History of master planning for the grounds, featuring the Themes have been noted that may be of interest to the outside visitor as Olmsted Brothers 1960s plan well as the University community. To an outsider’s perspective, there are • Breakthroughs in agricultural experimentation in the loess soils several important themes to convey in the categories of famous people • History of the Alcorn school colors and seal and historic events: • History of athletic accomplishment • Legendary Basketball Coach Davey L. Whitney • Early American College for African-Americans – only 6 years • First undefeated Alcorn football team - 1921 after Emancipation in 1871, the state of Mississippi is purchased Oakland School to create a college for education of black males.

Landscape Elements 85 Example existing waysides depicting the history of Alcorn State University.

86 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Interpretive Plan outdoor spaces for commemoration and reflection system of monuments and interpretive plaques are arranged, The existing interpretive program, with its kiosks and signs, convey words highlighting the accomplishments of exceptional teams, and pictures of historic University events, but to truly give each event its coaches, and individuals. Each addition to the array brings a full dignity, the interpretive plan will allow the signs to be set in a series chance for additional celebration. The Steve McNair kiosk is of landscaped garden spaces. There are four spaces dedicated to the sited in a highly visible spot, explaining his accomplishments, celebration of history and heritage on campus: loyalty to Alcorn, and featuring highlight reels of his years on the field. • Existing Oakland Cemetery – Improvements include restoration of the fence, gate, headstones, and some minor landscape • Crops Here and Now – This terrace is proposed to be built with improvements. the new agricultural center near the front entrance. Crop fields expand out from the terrace. The terrace introduces the visitor • Alumni Garden – this garden restoration is created at the to the work of the agricultural experiments through changeable location of the previous Alumni garden, adjacent to the first interpretive signs and a video kiosk. This outreach project will president’s house. Beginning with the restoration of the better connect the University with the local community and existing donor tiles, this garden is expanded to function for demonstrate the prestige of proper agrarian research. receptions and other outdoor gatherings. The 2500 SF size allows for hosting up to 150 people.

The old president’s house is now the admissions office for the University. In response, it is important to show how much the alumni care about Alcorn through this garden and feature several examples of how Alcornites have made a difference in fields prospective students may be considering. A rotating storyboard series of graduates is proposed, with their photos and contributions, along the outside edge of the garden square.

• McNair Plaza – Located between the principal tailgating area and the football field, this large outdoor assembly is proposed to host pre-game parties and serve as a way to boost pride in Alcorn’s athletic accomplishments and sportsmanship throughout its history.

The plaza can host large tents in the center, or just serve as a sunny place for parties. Around the edge, a coordinated Existing historic Oakland Cemetery.

Landscape Elements 87 Experimental Reclamation

Working with the leadership of the soil science department, which provides expertise on loess soils, one of the most erosive soils known, the campus has opportunity for an experimental reclamation of the eastern woodland habitat on some parts of the campus. This could serve as a teaching and learning exercise that can be an example for future universities elsewhere.

88 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Management and Phasing Plan

Rforestatione and Revegetation Reforestation and revegetation strategies also provide the opportunity Reforestation provides several benefits: to implement outdoor laboratories for teaching exercises. Students can learn and do research on ecological systems as they are developed from • It eliminates the amount of unused lawn area, which requires a the ground up, giving students and faculty the resources to establish high level of maintenance. innovative ways to combine development with the natural environment. • Trees function as a carbon sink by removing the carbon from CO² and storing it in the tree while releasing oxygen back into the air. Trees can absorb carbon dioxide at the rate of 26 pounds per year. • Using trees as windbreaks can save energy costs by 10-20%. • Shading from trees can help reduce utility bills by shading in the summer, and letting sun come through in the winter for heating. • Trees mitigate and filter runoff by intercepting rain, prevent soil erosion, and slow floodwaters. • Trees provide better soil structure with leaf litter and decomposing root systems. • Trees provide habitat for birds, squirrels, and other animals. • Trees provide shade for outdoor activities. • Tall canopy trees reinforce the image of an established campus. • Reforestation heightens public awareness of the University’s environmental responsibility.

Currently, there are 370 acres of lawn area on campus. Most are observed to be unused. This requires an extraordinary amount of maintenance that is tied up in mowing, seeding, fertilizing, and applying herbicides, not to mention the amount of maintenance on the equipment used in this work. By reducing the amount of lawn through reforestation or revegetation strategies, the campus can effectively:

• Reduce the amount of lawn maintenance working hours. • Reduce the amount of lawn maintenance equipment. • Reduce the amount of machinery pollution to maintain grass. • Reduce the amount of chemicals leached from stormwater runoff. • Reduce air and noise pollution from mowing. • Improve and define vistas across campus. Existing mowing condition on campus (above and below).

Landscape Elements 89 "The U.S. is losing trees faster than any other heavily forested nation. The United States lost more than 46,000 square miles of forest between 2000 and 2005, a size roughly equivalent to the state of Pennsylvania. That's about 6% of the nation's forested land."

USA Today, April 27, 2010

F igure 7.4: Landscape Management and Phasing Plan, Phase I (0-5 Years)

90 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Management and Phasing Plan

Rductione of lawn area Partial Parking Lot, Building, and Biofiltration Planting There are several strategies that can be established throughout campus As new buildings and parking areas are developed in Phase I, the to reduce the amount lawn area. These strategies can be phased over landscape associated with those areas will also be installed to function several decades to achieve the desired benefits. as shade, filtration, space framing, and aesthetic. For further detail on these types of plantings, refer to Phase II and III descriptions. Phase I: 0-5 Years

Nursery Establishment The cost impact of buying a large mass of trees from a nursery can be large; however, an alternative solution is to develop an on-site tree nursery to start seedlings of native tree species that can eventually be used to reforest the campus areas. It is not intended that all trees are provided from this on-site nursery, but it can reduce the material cost greatly in the long run. With seedlings started close to their final planting site, the site adaptability will be greater than a tree from a nursery possibly hundreds of miles away. A portion of the residual air strip landing that is currently mowed can be used to establish this nursery with local irrigation from the adjacent water bodies. Long range plans can include the sale of “Alcorn Trees" to the general homeowner, for In Memoriam dedication, or as donor trees for campus planting.

Agricultural Research and Study Crops Located near the main entrance into campus, crop fields can consume a large portion of land currently being mowed. These crop fields would be used to study current and sustainable agricultural techniques and organic food production. By locating the fields toward the front of campus, this draws Alcorn back to its heritage agricultural roots. The visitor can also stop and learn more about this heritage from interpretive plaques in this area.

Examples of established nurseries (above and below).

Landscape Elements 91 Phase II: 5-10 Years

Lawn to Meadow This initiative involves the conversion of lawn areas to low maintenance native grass meadows. These areas are proposed mainly around the existing ponds and stadium area where slopes drop down to the water edges.

Meadow establishment usually takes place in the spring or fall, and during establishment, the area will be mowed regularly to keep any turf grasses from competing with the establishing meadow grasses. Mowing should continue for another two growing seasons, and by the third season, the grasses should be sufficiently established and allowed to grow with no mowing. The areas can then be mowed in the spring every two years. The meadow grasses require no irrigation or herbicides after establishment.

Native grass meadows will also serve as a habitat for local song birds as well as migrating species of birds and can be an interpretive area for bird watchers and biology students.

Biofiltration Planting Like the meadow grasses, the plantings for biofiltration areas provide lush habitat for animal species and helps improve the biodiversity along the Mississippi River. Biodiversity is important for all living things, plants and animals. All living things have some reliance on other living organisms. When there is a shortage of these reliances or relationships, then other living organisms suffer consequences and extinctions are a result. When there is biological diversity in an environment, there are multiple relationship reliances and greater ecological health.

F igure 7.5: Landscape Management and Phasing Plan, Phase II (5-10 Years)

92 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Management and Phasing Plan

Bioswales are intended to mitigate stormwater runoff and improve stormwater quality. Bioswales are implemented in and around hardscape areas such as parking lots and roadways and even agricultural crop runoff areas. Runoff from the lots or crop fields sheet flow into these swales and filter out the pollutants before entering into the streams, ponds, and lakes. Bioswales are structured swales typically constructed of a filtering medium of soil, sand, and gravel with native plantings in the swale that are adaptable to both wet and dry conditions. Poorly drained existing soils will require an underdrain as well. Porous paving for hardscape areas are the first level of filtration, while bioswales are the second level.

Riparian buffers are the third level of filtration. These buffer zones are planted areas directly adjacent to streams, ponds, lakes, and rivers, providing additional filtration of pollutants before entering a water body. Native grasses, shrubs, and trees in this zone provide an important corridor for wildlife, thus strengthening the biodiversity in the campus landscape.

The fourth level of filtration is constructed wetlands. These are small pockets of wetland soils and plantings between the riparian buffer and the larger ponds on campus. They provide an extra level of defense in filtering out heavy metals, sediment, and nitrates from runoff, as well as provide beneficial habitat for wildlife.

In addition to serving as a bucolic lost landscape, the idea is to use the campus as a laboratory for learning, i.e. demonstration wetlands, wildlife and biology classes, ecology classes, etc. These activities increase the utility of the campus, while providing opportunities to increase contact with the educational and local communities.

Campus conditions: lake edge, bioswale, and concrete channel.

Landscape Elements 93 Meadows Bioswales Riparian Buffers

Examples of three levels of biofiltration plantings: meadows, bioswales, and riparian buffers.

94 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Management and Phasing Plan

Parking Lot Planting The automobile has been the main mode of transportation on campus, and parking is usually a haphazard array of vehicles parked near the student and faculty attended facilities. Unfortunately, there are no shade trees within these existing lots. The lots are hot in the Mississippi climate, and the black asphalt amplifies this heat. The intent is to not only provide parking areas in better proximity, but also to shade these parking lots with tree islands and perimeter trees. Existing lots can be retrofitted with tree islands. Though several spaces may be lost due to the space needed for islands, the parking areas can be more utilized and filled to capacity with the right amount of shade. Some new lots can be designed to incorporate bioswale islands that contain native tree species adapted to both wet and dry conditions.

Main Campus Entrance and Campus Core Loop Planting The existing entrance gateway from Highway 552 creates a pleasant entrance into the campus by using planted islands and street trees on either side of the entrance road. Flowering trees call attention to the gatehouse and a massing of trees extends out amplifying this threshold. However, upon passing the gatehouse, the planting ends and the entrance road continues with no trees, shrubs or flowers and the first impression is lost.

Continuing the pattern of street trees, shrub massings, and perennials along the entrance road will sustain the visitor’s interest to the campus core. The new core loop road is further adorned with street trees of a separate species from the entrance drive. A large canopy species like Oak, Kentucky Coffee, Ironwood, Sweetgum, Tulip Tree, or Winged and Cedar Elm trees will give the campus core a pedestrian scale proportion. This denotes a different character indicating the core of campus.

Hot parking at the stadium (above). Example perimeter shading (below).

Landscape Elements 95 Landscape Management and Phasing Plan

Phase III: 10-15 Years

Building Planting Currently, most buildings have few or no exterior plantings. During Phase III, the goal is to increase shade on buildings to 50% coverage, resulting in energy savings. Planting around a facility is beneficial in several ways:

1. Trees provide shade for south facing facades by keeping the building cool in the warm seasons, reducing the energy used for cooling. 2. Trees provide shade at building entrances, courtyards, plazas, and sidewalks, making these spaces more enjoyable. 3. Planting will be used to frame architectural features. 4. Planting will be used to define outdoor spaces and walks.

A set of guidelines should be developed to direct future development. These should prescribe the level of planting needed for each new building as well as how much tree canopy is required as a percentage of proposed impervious area, what percentage of planting occurs at the entrance and street frontage, and what species are required for each area of campus.

Open Space Planting Open space planting is located in spaces central to the campus that are not defined by a particular facility. Trees in this category are meant to be planted from the nursery established trees on campus. Care should be taken to recognize areas of high visual sensitivity along roadways, maintain safety and security, and preserve significant views, open space, and landmarks. Trees can be planted in several types of conditions:

1. Larger massings at a forested lake edge. 2. Smaller groupings at a park-like lake frontage. 3. Single specimens like larger oaks in an open field. 4. Space defining order along sidewalk linkages and plazas. 5. Screening at parking lots or utilities. F igure 7.6: Landscape Management and Phasing Plan, Phase III (10-15 Years)

96 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Campus Condition: Hot buildings with no exterior plantings and students seeking shade from another building.

B uilding Planting: Trees providing shade at entrances or gathering spaces and trees used to frame architectural features.

Open Space Planting: Massings at lake edges, along pathways, along walkways, and screening at parking lots or utilities.

Landscape Elements 97 "Wetland areas the size of a football field are disappearing every 45 minutes." CBS Evening News, April 26, 2010

Phase IV: 15-20 Years

Campus Verge Planting This is the largest phase of reforesting the campus. Trees in this phase are meant to be planted from the nursery established trees on campus. Some of these areas can be left to reforest naturally through natural succession. Natural succession is the process in ecology where an area left alone, undergoes a process of natural plant establishment, returning to a forest community. Natural succession areas can be established in the 0-5 year time frame.

F igure 7.7: Black areas indicate maintained lawn (L). Dramatic decrease after strategies (R). Figure 7.8: Landscape Management and Phasing Plan, Phase IV (15-20 Years)

98 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Landscape Management and Phasing Plan

The primary objective to reforest the edge of campus is to eliminate the Iplicationm of strategies amount of mowing currently undertaken there. Secondary objectives Scenario: 370 acres of grass area exist on campus. 370 acres of mowing include creating a wider habitat around campus, mitigating soil erosion, and fuel to power those mowers, man-hours to operate those mowers, environmental benefits of cooling, enhanced stormwater management, with an operating cost of approximately $140/acre/year. This equates to and water quality protection. $51,800 a year to mow the campus. (See Figures 7.7 and 7.9).

$6,300/year savings after 5 Years $13,000/year savings after 10 Years $16,940/year savings after 15 Years $25,480/year savings after 20 Years

F igure 7.9: These strategies can generate significant savings over a 20 year time frame (green=converted planting areas in lieu of lawn grass), eliminating approximately 160 acres of lawn area.

Landscape Elements 99 Agricultural Heritage Visual Cues Existing Ornamentation

Existing Campus Inspiration: The concept behind the language.

100 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Site Furnishing and Signage Components

Wyompleteh a c and consistent signage system is good Cncepto behind the language A consistent language of signs and furnishings is important in establishing Several existing cues across campus sparked the design concept. These the character and identity of the University. A consistent signage palette cues strongly highlight the agricultural heritage of the University. The declares: This is Alcorn. Building upon a palette of signage features pine cone atop the street name sign with vine accents, leaf lettuce on like color, text style, theme, material, and scale will generate a solid newel posts, and flowers in ornamental iron work are some of the noted continuity of wayfinding throughout campus and strengthen the fabric adornments across campus. These visual cues are accentuated in the of the University brand. metal work of the new wayfinding system and site furnishings.

Tpesfy o signs considered in this master plan For the purpose of this Master Plan, several major sign types were identified to exemplify the wayfinding experience. These include:

1. Primary entrance sign 2. Secondary entrance sign 3. Kiosk 4. Major combined directional signage 5. Building identification signage 6. Interpretive signage

Cmplementaryo Elements Along with signage, other elements like furnishings will complement with like materials, color, thematic style, and scale. Example furnishings explored include:

1. Bike rack 2. Light pole accents 3. Bollard 4. Specialty guardrail

This list could also expand to such items as handrails, trash/ash receptacles, exterior tables and chairs, benches, planters, etc. Following the Master Plan, the University should engage a design professional to complete a palette of site furnishings and signage, so all future construction projects have consistent site elements.

Landscape Elements 101 interpretive signs A. Oakland College Cemetery B. History of Campus Planning C. Greek Life D. Bust of Dr. Levi John Rowan E. Existing Waysides: • Alcorn State University (1871) • Oakland College • The Chapel • Oakland Memorial Chapel • The Original Campus F. Alumni Garden G. Governor Alcorn H. Steve McNair Plaza I. Heritage Crops History J. Bell Lettres K. Old Port Gibson To Rodney Road L. Children Learn about Habitat M. Meadow Habitat N. Riparian Habitat O. Bioswale

F igure 7.10: Signage plan for entrance signs, major directional signs, and interpretive signs.

102 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Site Furnishing and Signage Components signs Street Signs Signs and furnishings are consistent through the use of a black base with Street name signs are not considered major directional signs. However, gold accents. Signs typically will have a black background with gold text it is intended that the existing street signs will complement the sign or symbols. Sign posts replicate the stair newel post of the chapel’s palette. stair, and some signs may have the pine cone finial. Signs above 5 feet in height have an angled top with the same proportion as the chapel’s Ientificationd Signs pediment. Building Identification Signs Building identification signs will have 2 types; one small type for short Etrancen signs name facilities and one large type for longer named facilities. The smaller Primary Entrance Sign sign is designed to have one post with finial and the larger sign is to have Structure and proportion are similar to the iconic chapel on campus. two posts and finials. These signs would generally be located parallel Though not a true replication of the chapel’s steeple top, certain features with the street, sidewalk, or building entrance. These are kept low to of the steeple are carried through the entrance sign's ornamentation and avoid obstruction by branching stems from nearby trees. A consistent proportion. Similar to the chapel, the sign has a brick base structure. planting palette may be used to accent these signs. This sign would replace the main entrance sign at Highway 552. Interpretive Signs Secondary Entrance Sign These signs currently exist for some of the more historic features of the With similar features and proportion as in the primary entrance sign, the campus. New signs would replace the existing signs so that they reflect secondary sign is smaller and with a cap similar to the pediment of the the new language of the wayfinding system. The sign panel can be a chapel. This sign would be located at the secondary north entrance into composite phenolic panel that can be unframed. These types of panels campus replacing the existing gateway elements. are able to accept images and graphics, are easy to clean, and are more vandal resistant. New interpretive signs will also give the opportunity directional signs to combine several of the existing signs into one sign, thus being less Kiosk intrusive in the foreground of a historic feature. New signs can also be A minimum of 2 kiosks should be located on campus to orient the visitor. added in areas that have historic value, but are not recognized as such One should be placed at the main entrance to assist the visitor upon presently. The Landscape Interpretive Plan can be referenced for further entry and one at the entrance to the core of campus. The kiosk will have explanation. a general map of the university grounds with building and street names on one side as well as an events board on the other.

Major Combined Directional Signs Sign features are similar to kiosk features. Major directional signage will be located at major intersections or districts on campus. These signs will list several key facilities or parking areas and point to their direction.

Landscape Elements 103 F igure 7.11: Signage Palette (left to right): Main Campus Entrance Sign, Secondary Entrance Sign, Building ID #1 and #2, Combined Directional Sign, Kiosk, and Interpretive Sign.

104 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Site Furnishing and Signage Components

Cmplementaryo Furnishings wayfinding Bike Rack Improved wayfinding is also recommended. Wayfinding encompasses A bike rack can be more than functional, but also sculptural and all of the ways in which people orient themselves in physical space and meaningful. An agricultural pride or plant-based theme can be used to navigate from place to place. Appropriate signage can reduce unnecessary create a more meaningful bike rack. Without bikes in the rack, it stands vehicular movement around campus. It can be as sophisticated as alone as a sculptural feature. Other silhouettes can be used at other internet and cell phone based messages that direct parking users to the areas of campus, for example wheat, corn, or grapevine silhouettes. parking lots with available spaces. It can also be simple signage that guides visitors to appropriate parking near their destinations. Light Pole Accents The existing light poles complement the signage language and additional It is also important that the University develop a nighttime wayfinding accents can be used to strengthen this language. Banners supported by program that provides well-lit paths between destinations on campus. the same vine accent as street name signs will add color and movement This could include the development of a blue light or safety phone to the lanes of travel, while serving as speed control. Banners show program and possibly surveillance cameras. Different colored lighting activity, can be informational, and add a pedestrian scale to an area. can provide a quick and efficient means to differentiate between major and minor pathways at night. Bollards Bollards can be utilized throughout campus to demarcate non-vehicular Iplementingm the signage plan areas and protect above ground utilities. The same post is used, but a The signage can begin immediately and can be implemented on the decorative element can adron the top. newly constructed residence halls, with a new sign for each new building. This first implementation can act as a testing prototype to work out the Specialty Guardrails constructability and materials for the sign and how they can be fabricated Like the bike rack, guardrail infill can be more sculptural and meaningful in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Signage guidelines can also through the use of plant-themed features. When designing guardrails, be established at the same time and can be used by the University to it is imperative that local, state, and federal building codes apply within develop additional signs as new campus buildings, roads, and spaces the design. are developed.

Cmmemorationo of past donors & demolished buildings Although a building may be demolished, it is important for the University to be mindful of those who have contributed with donations to the facility over the years as well as those who had spent time in the facility during their Alcorn experience. Special recognition of demolished buildings may occur through a special commemoration area or with a monument placed on or near the site of the removed structure.

Landscape Elements 105 106 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 8 causystemp s ms An engineering assessment of utilities and infrastructure reveals the University's opportunity to take a sustainable role in providing the appropriate systems on campus. Planning for infrastructure to maximize efficiency of the physical plant, conserve energy, and allow for future growth rather than react to demand are essential components of the plan. The Master Plan envisions utility and building facilities that will require modification and expansion of the water, sewer, natural gas and storm drainage systems on campus. This section provides engineer recommendations to be further interpreted over time as each project is implemented.

107 Existing Overhead Power Existing Power/Light Pole Demo Power/Light Pole

F igure 8.1: Existing Electrical Plan

108 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN CA MPUS SYSTEMS Electrical

Eistingx conditions ELECTRICAL IMPROVEMENT PRIORITIES The primary electrical system for the ASU Lorman campus is served by Southwest EPA from a 10Megawatt (MW) substation near the entrance • Relocate all overhead power below the surface and place all new of campus. The electrical system is a 12,470V, 3 phase wye system. A power underground. single primary circuit feeds from the substation into campus. The circuit • Change existing T12 fluorescent lighting to more efficient T8 or T5 is composed of 266 ACSR feeders (449amps of capacity). This single fixtures throughout campus. circuit is primary metered within the substation. The peak demand for • Implement occupancy sensors for lighting control in existing and the campus occurred in August 2008 at 5.9MW (273amps). Taking the new buildings. peak demand as a base point, the existing circuit feeding campus can • Implement electric metering for each building on campus so accommodate 3MW of additional load. that power trends can be tracked from building to building. This also gives the University the option to divide power costs among buildings or departments if needed. • Campus site lighting should consist of “dark skies” compliant Electrical Load Summary fixtures. Minimum IES recommended light levels at sidewalks Total Square Feet 2,191,872 SF (.2 footcandles) should be maintained. In high pedestrian traffic Peak Demand (August 2008) 5,904,000 MW areas, light levels should average 1-2 footcandles minimum. Minimum Power Factor 0.85 Apparent Power from Peak Demand 6,945,882 MW ENERGY SAVING MEASURE SCENARIO Campus Load Density (VA/sq. ft.) 3.17 An example energy saving measures would be to change existing T12 lighting to T8 or T5 fixtures. While we don’t have an exact count of Table 8.1: Electrical Load Summary - Lorman Campus T12 fixtures on campus, a reasonable assumption is that half of the square footage (approximately 1,000,000 sq. ft.) on campus utilizes T12 fixtures. Generalizing, one fixture per 100 sq. ft. will equate to PROPOSED CHANGES 10,000 T12 fluorescent fixtures. Depending on the quantity of lamps in Currently, the load density on campus is 3.17VA/sq.ft. The current each fixture, wattage savings could range from 20-60watts per fixture or Master Plan indicates a net gain of 226,682 sq.ft. The existing primary 200kW-600kW total. Over a ten hour day at $0.076/kWh, this equates electrical circuit can be easily accommodated this net gain in square to $15-45 in savings per day. If we add in occupancy sensors for lighting footage. However, the location of the added square footage will need to control along with T8 or T5 lamps the savings could increase to $30-$90 be studied as buildings are built. The single primary feeder splits and per day, or $10,950-$32,850 per year. reduces in size as it feeds throughout the campus. Some primary lines will need to be upgraded as the campus grows. Taking the existing peak electrical load and capacity available (3MW) in the primary power line, the University could actually add 800,000 sq.ft. to the campus without the need to upgrade the substation or the primary electrical line.

Campus Systems 109 Proposed Underground Power Proposed Light Pole

F igure 8.2: Proposed Electrical Plan

110 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Electrical

Fberptici o and telephone systems The current fiber optic system is underground and the telephone system is a mix of underground and overhead cabling. Campus telephone and fiber optic cabling throughout the campus will need to be routed to new buildings as they come on-line. The intent is for new telephone fiber cabling to follow the route of the new underground power system.

natchez campus The primary electrical system for the Natchez Campus is served by Southwest EPA. The campus is not primary metered. Each building has a transformer and utility meter. Southwest EPA is responsible for maintenance and new installations on the primary power system. Any additional load requirements at the Natchez Campus will be the Figure 8.3: Existing Fiber Optic Plan (fiber optic indicated in blue) responsibility of Southwest EPA to supply.

F igure 8.4: Existing Telephone Plan (telephone indicated in red)

Campus Systems 111 Proposed Water Distribution Existing Water Distribution

F igure 8.5: Existing and Proposed Water Distribution Plan

112 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Water: Domestic and Fire

Eistingx Conditions DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CHANGES Alcorn State University owns and operates its own water supply, The water distribution system consists of a network of pipes ranging in treatment, storage, and distribution system. The total average water size from four to six inches in diameter constructed of various materials demand for the campus is 500,000 gallons per day. including PVC and ductile iron. In most cases, the location and sizes of the mains are not known. While four to six inch diameter mains are The water supply consists of two water wells each supplying approximately most likely adequate for potable water supplies, they are not adequate 350 gallons per minute. These two wells are both relatively shallow for fire flows. It is recommended that the existing distribution system be (<200 feet) and have been given Mississippi Department of Health replaced with water mains properly sized and constructed of materials susceptibility assessment ranking of "Moderate." Based on the current required for fire flow service. This system would provide for pumper average usage, these wells must operate approximately 50 percent of the hydrants adequately spaced to satisfy fire rating requirements. Also time. Additional well capacity may be required as additional demands resulting from this replacement project would be a comprehensive map are added. The water supplied by these wells has a hardness value on the and hydraulic model of the distribution system, which is needed for order of 350 mg/l which requires treatment prior to distribution. maintenance and future expansion studies.

The water treatment plant has undergone a recent upgrade to implement ion exchange for hardness removal. The capacity of the water treatment plant is adequate for all foreseeable demands. Under the EPA’s recently enacted Ground Water Rule, modifications to the plant’s chlorination and monitoring system may be required depending on the type of monitoring chosen to comply with this new rule, i.e. trigger source or 4-log.

The distribution system is made up of various segments of underground cast iron, PVC, and steel pipe of ages ranging up to 50 years old. There are no building metering capabilities. The system has been added to and constructed in various building phases as required to meet the needs as buildings have been added to the overall campus. The distribution system will require renovations and modifications to replace aging and undersized pipes for future campus expansion.

The water storage system consists of a ground storage tank at the water treatment plant and elevated water storage tanks located central to campus, which furnish good pressure for water flow. The tanks are in good condition and have adequate capacity for any foreseeable increase in storage volumes required.

Campus Systems 113 Proposed Sanitary Sewer Existing Sanitary Sewer

F igure 8.6: Existing and Proposed Sanitary Sewer Plan

114 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Sanitary Sewer

Eistingx Conditions The existing sanitary sewer system on campus consists of a network A new sewer line along the west side of the proposed pedestrian mall of gravity sewer collection laterals feeding to a single, main lift station, would replace the oldest undersized line. This would start to define which pumps the wastewater to the wastewater treatment plant and the new service corridor that is separate from the everyday general lagoon. The existing gravity sewers are a mixture of old and new lines. population. The new mains can be run parallel to the existing service to Extensions have been added as buildings have been added to the minimize down time during conversion to a new sewer system. campus. A mapping and inspection study of the gravity collection system is Both the main lift station and the wastewater treatment plant have recommended. This study would provide a comprehensive map of undergone recent upgrades and are functioning properly with excess the system, establish capacity information for all parts of the system, capacity to handle any foreseeable load increases. However, the gravity determine current maintenance needs, and generate upgrade and collection system has not received the same attention. Currently, there maintenance cost estimates, as applicable. are no reported instances of sewer overflows, which would indicate capacity issues with the gravity system, but there are numerous instances where manhole lids are missing or the tops of the manholes have been dislodged. These issues pose problems from both a storm water inflow standpoint as well as a safety standpoint. Further, a comprehensive map of the gravity system is not available, and thus the number, size and locations of manholes and pipes are, for the most part, all unknown. Thus, making maintenance and planning associated with the gravity collection system difficult.

Poposedr Sanitary sewer changes Renovations and modifications will be required to replace deteriorated, old, and undersized lines as new facilities are added to the campus. New submains are currently needed for four new district areas:

1. Campus Core: library, dining hall, union and academic technology. 2. New residential hall and honors residence hall. 3. New residential hall, Revels Hall, and Lott Hall. 4. New athletics building, new field house, and Whitney Complex.

Campus Systems 115 stormwater management Alcorn State University, Lorman Campus sits geographically on top of several ridges in Claiborne County, Mississippi, thus ensuring the entire campus is outside of the 100 year flood plain. The campus is divided into three main drainage areas. The northern most drainage area drains into the Mammy Judy Bayou Watershed. This area of campus property encompasses 330 acres (4.5%) of the Mammy Judy Bayou Watershed. The two most southern areas both drain into the Dowd Creek Watershed. These two watersheds combine to make 626 acres (8.1%) of the Dowd Creek Watershed. Neither of the two watersheds drain into populated areas. Ultimately, they both empty into the Mississippi River, which is located approximately 5 miles downstream. This is a rural part of Mississippi comprised mostly of timber and agriculture. The campus is located such that sustainable landscape measures preventing stormwater contamination will be one way to help protect the Mississippi River watershed.

There are noticeable minor erosion problems throughout campus. The type of soil that exists predominantly throughout campus is loess soil. Loess is classified as a silty clay and is highly erodible. New EPA standards are currently in place revolving around turbidity. Turbidity is the amount of solids suspended in water. Clayey type soils are the most likely to be suspended in water and harm state waters. Erosion can also harm the wetlands, which can be controlled through several different practices. Some practices include riparian planting, or providing vegetative cover over bare ground areas, protecting channels that have high flows and velocities with protective ground cover, and reducing long steep gradients.

The campus has several lakes that act as permanent retention/detention ponds to prevent sediment deposits from leaving campus. However,

Sustainable Stormwater Management: Hydrological Spine at the University of Vermont.

116 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Stormwater Management there are numerous places, although small in area, that need protection. and resins in large parking areas such as football parking and parking These small erosion problems can lead into large erosion problems if not adjacent to resident dormitories. The football parking lot is almost 100% treated in the early stages of erosion. Erosion control throughout campus impervious pavement with nothing to decrease runoff flow. This area should be taken seriously and measures should be taken immediately to can be redesigned to include some pervious areas such as landscaped prevent future problems. An immediate erosion and sediment control islands placed strategically to slow down and decrease the amount of plan can respond to the most critical areas. runoff in this area and make this a more aesthetically pleasing area of campus. The Master Plan will certainly promote new construction. All new construction shall have a SWPPP (Storm Water Pollution Prevention • Good housekeeping practices should be used campus wide. Plan). All construction 1 to 5 acres shall have a Small Notice of Intent Construction equipment should never operate in flowing streams. from the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) This equipment should never be stored within 100 feet of a body along with a SWPPP on-site. All construction sites greater than 5 acres of water with runoff directed away from the water course and shall submit a Large Notice of Intent along with the SWPPP to MDEQ outside the drip line of trees. prior to construction start-up for their approval. SWPPPs are designed to • Never apply herbicides, pesticides or fertilizers directly adjacent prevent sediment runoff from construction sites. Measures are installed to water bodies. All chemicals, herbicides, pesticides, fertilizers, to prevent erosion and thus prevent sediment from harming state waters etc. should be stored in a covered secure location so that the and wetlands. water runoff is not affected. • Prevent any leaching that may contaminate the soils. Cover all It is important for the University to pay attention to the development of trash cans and dumpsters and keep trash and rubbish disposal campus on impervious surfaces. The increase of impervious surfaces sites away from concentrated storm water runoff. will decrease percolation and increase peak flows in streams. This will increase degradation as well as increase erosion and sediment runoff. The overall goal for Alcorn State University should be to decrease the This will also decrease vegetation and critical habitat. Simple storm quantity and increase the quality of storm water runoff using sustainable water Best Management Practices (BMP) should be used, such as practices and the management plan outlined in the Chapter 7 Landscape retention/detention ponds. Bioswales, raingardens, riparian buffers, Elements section of this document. A separate extensive study should constructed wetlands, porous paving, and retention/detention ponds also be performed in order to correctly design systems that can be should be designed to establish peak runoff flows equal to what existed installed for efficient maintenance by the University. prior to any new development.

Demolition of outdated buildings that are mentioned in this Master Plan will resolve many campus wide issues with inadequate pavements and roadways that result in poor existing storm water runoff. Currently, MDEQ has no requirements regarding parking lot runoff. We are, however, recommending that stormceptors be installed to capture oils

Campus Systems 117 Proposed Chilled Water Loop

F igure 8.7: Proposed Chilled Water Loop Plan

118 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Chilled Water Loop

chilled water Concept There are currently no underground chilled water loops. Each building has its own cooling and heating plant. The large green spaces between the buildings make a large central chilled/heating water plant economically unfeasible. The possibility of four small loops could be feasible as new buildings are added to the campus.

1. Campus Core: library, dining hall, union and academic technology. 2. New residential hall and honors residence hall. 3. New residential hall, Revels Hall, and Lott Hall. 4. New athletics building, new field house, and Whitney Complex.

A central loop plant could be programmed and pre-planned as the next new building is proposed in each of the four small loops. The pre-planning should consider the existing and planned new building that would be connected to the loop. The piping, pumps, and electrical equipment should be designed to service the new building and to accommodate extending the underground piping to existing buildings as chillers need replacing. BTUH cooling meters should be added to each building as it is added to loop.

Currently, the existing buildings in each of these loops have individual air cooled chillers and boilers. As new buildings are added to the loop site, a smaller loop provides an economy of scale for operating and maintenance cost.

Campus Systems 119 Proposed Gas Distribution Existing Gas Distribution

F igure 8.8: Existing and Proposed Gas System Plan

120 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Gs a

Eistingx Conditions The existing natural gas service is provided by a high pressure line coming from Natchez. This line is over 50 years old and requires repairs and upgrading. The gas downstream of the “master meter” is medium pressure.

The campus distribution system is a mix of coated steel and PVC. The age ranges from new to over 50 years old. The old steel pipe has had a catholic protection provided, but age is taking its toll on these lines.

Poposedr Changes Alcorn State University is charged transmission fees for gas through this line. The contract expires on this line in September 2011. A new high pressure gas transmission line from Port Gibson to the campus would eliminate one transmission fee and provide the University with gas requirements now and for future expansions.

Most buildings require gas, but no meters are located on the building. New meters would allow the University to properly bill the different campus services according to their usage.

A program of replacing the existing medium pressure steel pipe with new plastic gas service line is recommended. The new line should run parallel to the existing system to minimize the down time for connecting to the new gas system.

Campus Systems 121 122 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN 9 ILE MP MENTATION AND MANAGEMENT While the purpose of a Master Plan is to propose long-term strategies and guide future development decisions, the Plan also identifies smaller moves that will make an immediate impact. This section explores the process of implementation and provides direction on how to integrate the Campus Master Plan into the University’s planning

processes. Phased development, identified as 5 and 10-year projects, will allow the University to reach attainable project goals and further implement the plan over time.

123 F igure 9.1: Phasing New Development: Phase I (0-5 Years) Demolition

124 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN ile mp meNTATION & management Phasing New Development

A series of high profile projects and related demolition have been phased as 0-5 year and 5-10 year projects:

PHASE I: 0-5 Year Projects New Projects • +1000 Beds (Residence Halls) • New Union Phase I (with Plaza and Pedestrian Mall) • Library Addition and Chiller Plant • Re-location of the Entry Boulevard and Gate • Cattle Gap Park • Whitney Complex Major Renovation & Addition • New Track & Field • Athletic Center (at Football Stadium) • Faculty Housing (Phase I) • Agriculture Demonstration Fields • New Agriculture/Dairy Facilities

Demolition • Bell Dining Hall • Union Demolition (Phase I) • Military Science • Dairy Facilities • Gas Station • Track Stands/Seating • Thompson Women's Tower • Mabel Thomas Hall • Alice Tanner Hall • Albert Lott Hall • Demby Men's Tower • Robinson Hall • Burrus Hall • Matt Thomas Apartments • Faculty Housing F igure 9.2: Phasing New Development: Phase I (0-5 Years) New Projects

Implementation and Management 125 F igure 9.3: Phasing New Development: Phase II (5-10 Years) Demolition

126 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Phasing New Development

PHASE II: 5-10arP Ye rojects

New Projects • New Union (Phase II and Phase III) • Washington Hall Renovation and Addition (with Plaza) • Academic Technology Building • Amphitheater in Central Green • Traffic Circle • Lakeside Residence Halls • Faculty Housing (Phase II) • Landscaping at Main Entry • Residence Halls at Revels District • Indoor and Outdoor Practice Fields • Softball Improvements and Turf Soccer Fields

Demolition • Union Demolition (Phase II) • Eunice Powell Hall • Financial Services • Simmons Gymnasium

F igure 9.4: Phasing New Development: Phase II (5-10 Years) New Projects

Implementation and Management 127 No. Building Name 1 WILLIAM H. BELL DINING HALL

2 MABEL THOMAS HALL

3 EUNICE POWELL HALL

4 JAMES L. BOLDEN CAMPUS UNION

5 DOROTHY GORDON GRAY HOME

6 VIP HOME

7 BURRUS HALL

8 ROBINSON HALL

9 ALICE TANNER HALL

10 CLEOPATRA D. THOMPSON WOMEN'S TOWER

11 LAUNDROMAT

12 ALBERT L. LOTT HALL

13 W.S. DEMBY MEN'S TOWER

14 LAUNDRY

15 MILITARY SCIENCE BUILDING

16 E.E SIMMONS GYMNASIUM

17 ASU SERVICE STATION

18 FINANCIAL SERVICES

19 TRACK PRESS BOX

20 FACULTY HOUSING

21 FELIX H. DUNN INFIRMARY

22 MATT THOMAS APARTMENTS

23/24 VILLAGE CENTER FOR STUDENTS - PHASE I and PHASE II

25 ACADEMIC TECHNOLOGY

26 WASHINGTON ADDITION

27 FUTURE ACADEMIC

28 LAKESIDE RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY - 600 BEDS

29 NEW PHYSICAL PLANT BUILDING

30 HONORS RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY - 260 BEDS

31 REVELS RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY - 260 BEDS

32 ATHLETICS ADMINISTRATION AND SUCCESS CENTER

33 INDOOR PRACTICE FACILITY

34 WHITNEY COMPLEX - RENOVATION AND ADDITION

35 USDA AGRICULTURAL BUILDING

36 SOFTBALL ADDITION Buildings to be Demolished 37 CONFERENCE CENTER Proposed Buildings 38 FACULTY HOUSING 39 NEW TRACK WITH PRESS BOX 40 DAIRY FACILITY (OUTSIDE OF MAP BOUNDARY)

F igure 9.5: Square Feet Index Map: Proposed and Demolished Buildings Post Master Plan Table 9.1: Square Feet Index Map: Building Key

128 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN ALCORNSTATEUNIVERSITY SFͲEXISTING,DEMOLITION,PROPOSEDANDNETGAIN

Zone Demo Proposed ExistingGSF # BuildingName GSF # BuildingName GSF TotalGSF NetGain

1 WILLIAMH.BELLDININGHALL 0 23 VILLAGECENTERFORSTUDENTSͲPHASEI 47,692 2 MABELTHOMASHALL 40,295 24 VILLAGECENTERFORSTUDENTSͲPHASEII 61,538 3 EUNICEPOWELLHALL 20,608 25 ACADEMICHEALTHAND TECHNOLOGYWELLNESSCENTER&CHILLERPLANT 48,00090,000 Core 4 JAMESL.BOLDENCAMPUSUNION 92,308 26 WASHINGTONADDITION 30,000 5 DOROTHYGORDONGRAYHOME 3,822 27 FUTUREACADEMIC 60,000 6 VIPHOME 3,311

TOTALGSF 610,222 TotalZoneDemoGSF 160,343 TotalZoneProposedGSF 289,230247,230 739,108697,109 86,887 128,887

7 BURRUSHALL 73,797 28 LAKESIDERESIDENTIALCOMMUNITYͲ600BEDS 192,308 8 ROBINSONHALL 56,923 29 NEWPHYSICALPLANTBUILDING 20,000 LakesideResidential 9 ALICETANNERHALL 24,258 10 CLEOPATRAD.THOMPSONWOMEN'STOWER 126,378 11 LAUNDROMAT 2,068

TOTALGSF 606,749 TotalZoneDemoGSF 283,425 TotalZoneProposedGSF 212,308 535,633 Ͳ71,117

HonorsResidential 30 HONORSRESIDENTIALCOMMUNITYͲ260BEDS 92,308

TOTALGSF 87,960 TotalZoneDemoGSF 0 TotalZoneProposedGSF 92,308 180,268 92,308

12 ALBERTL.LOTTHALL 40,295 31 REVELSRESIDENTIALCOMMUNITYͲ260BEDS 92,308 RevelsAthleticsResidential 13 W.S.DEMBYMEN'STOWER 71,138

TOTALGSF 162,258 TotalZoneDemoGSF 111,434 TotalZoneProposedGSF 92,308 143,133 Ͳ19,126

14 LAUNDRY 9,231 32 ATHLETICSADMINISTRATIONANDSUCCESSCENTER 46,154 15 MILITARYSCIENCEBUILDING 23,043 33 INDOORPRACTICEFACILITY 76,923 16 E.ESIMMONSGYMNASIUM 26,355 34 WHITNEYCOMPLEXͲRENOVATIONANDADDITION 87,07723,077 Athletics 17 SERVICESTATION 134,658 35 USDAAGRICULTURALBUILDING ?? 18 FINANCIALSERVICES 10,019 36 FACULTYHOUSINGͲFRONTCAMPUSͲ40UNITS 73,846 19 TRACKPREESBOX 12,436 37 NEWTRACKWITHPRESSBOX 15,000

TOTALGSF 578,158 TotalZoneDemoGSF 215,743 TotalZoneProposedGSF 235,000299,000 661,415 597,41683,257 19,257

BiotechnologyPolice

TOTALGSF 38,045 TotalZoneDemoGSF 0 TotalZoneProposedGSF 0 38,045 0

20 FACULTYHOUSING 34,689 38 FACULTYHOUSINGͲPHASEI,60UNITS 92,308 Support 21 FELIXH.DUNNINFIRMARY 20,457 39 FACULTYHOUSINGͲPHASEII,60UNITS 92,308 22 MATTTHOMASAPARTMENTS 52,997

TOTALGSF 108,480 TotalZoneDemoGSF 108,143 TotalZoneProposedGSF 184,616 184,953 76,473

TOTALCAMPUSGSF 2,191,872 TOTALCAMPUSDEMOGSF 879,088 TOTALCAMPUSPROPOSEDGSF 1,105,7701,127,770 2,418,5552,440,554 226,682248,682

TOTAL TOTALNET CAMPUSGSF GAINGSF

Table 9.2: Square Feet Index: Proposed and Demolished Buildings Post Master Plan

Implementation and Management 129 Smaller Moves

Sallerm moves for an immediate impact Below is a list of several smaller moves that will allow the University to make an identifiable, immediate impact in effort to reach the larger master plan goals over time.

• Open up view to Chapel from central green • Close Alcorn Avenue to vehicular traffic • Connect loop road behind Library • Demolish Bell Dining Hall • Demolish buildings around Belles Lettres • Demolish faculty housing • Add basketball courts at new housing development • Landscape and bioswale implementation at football parking • Restore the Alumni Garden • One acre of nursery planting per year • Implement the signage program • Secure electronic gate at rear entrance • Install meters on existing buildings • Consolidate building use during the summer • Implement sustainable education/awareness programs • Implement a campus lend-a-bike program

(top to bottom): Section at Alcorn Avenue, Alumni Garden Perspective, and an Example Bioswale Landscape Design.

130 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN Effective Implementation of the Master Plan

Efectivef Implementation Gvernanceo & Design Review The Master Plan provides recommendations to guide incremental change It is recommended that the University establishes a committee specifi- at Alcorn State University. Effective implementation of the Master Plan cally responsible for oversight of the Campus Master Plan. In conjunc- requires a strong, integrated planning function at the University level tion with the Office of Physical Facilities, this Master Plan Review Board that involves all affected administrative and academic units and engages should prepare biennial reports to the University leadership, which indi- stakeholders in the planning process. The campus planning function at cate the University’s progress in meeting the plan’s objectives, conduct the University level will require the appropriate resources to manage design reviews of proposed projects in relation to the principles and existing and new responsibilities, including involvement monitoring the guidelines of the plan, prioritize remaining University projects and other planning and approval of capital projects; initiating and coordinating initiatives identified in the Campus Master Plan, add new goals as ap- the implementation of university projects; organizing stakeholder and propriate, and update plan elements as needed. A more comprehensive community consultation; and maintaining the Campus Master Plan. review and update of the Campus Master Plan should occur every five years to ensure that it continues to be an effective guide. Fndingu models When implementing the Master Plan, the University will face financial Design Review Process obstacles. In order to overcome these financial challenges, it is important The following recommendations describe procedures for the design to have a plan on how to actively seek funds for projects using innovative review process to be conducted by the Master Plan Review Board. The funding models or through the use of shared campus resources. The mission of the Review Board is to review proposed projects on behalf of University may consider a levy on new building projects to create funds the University with two primary goals: for essential hard infrastructure (e.g. utilities, lost parking), but also “soft” infrastructure (e.g. landscaping, bicycle paths, etc.), which is equally 1. To interpret the Campus Master Plan principles and guidelines; essential. to determine compliance with the principles and guidelines; and to recommend modifications or to grant exceptions to proposed Egagingn Alumni & the Community projects as appropriate. Serious deliberation should be given Recognizing Alcorn State University's leadership role in the larger to any exceptions or to any modification of the principles or community, it is important to maintain transparency throughout the guidelines. planning and decision-making processes and garner public support for new development endeavors. Alcorn State University alumni are an 2. To evaluate projects to ensure that they meet the highest important resource for providing insight on future development as well qualitative standards. The board should take special care to as contributing financially toward the advancement of the University's not cross over into the actual building or site design and that mission and vision. Engaging the alumni as advisory committee architects, landscape architects, and other project consultants participants and providing Master Plan updates to the Alcorn State are given clear instructions after any review. University National Alumni Association are just two ways to strengthen the connection between the alumni and the development goals of the Campus Master Plan.

Implementation and Management 131 132 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN The Master Plan as a Living Document

A design review should be conducted for any project that affects or 4. Require a review near the end of the design development phase, changes the public spaces of the campus or a building appearance and if significant changes are made, conduct an equivalent review through replacement, repair or restoration. All major buildings and for the construction document phase. landscape improvements should be reviewed. Smaller projects should 5. Conduct a post-construction project assessment. be considered for review, although only an abbreviated administration process may be necessary. Without a review process, the accumulation A determination may be made at the beginning of the review process of small projects, can add up to degrade the campus environment over that fewer steps may be utilized if the scale or the impact of the project time. Often, small projects may be an opportunity to initiate a series is not clearly significant. of transformations or create a new design out of an existing condition. MONITORING THE Living Document The Master Plan Review Board is primarily a review body. Its role is to The Campus Master Plan is an integrated document that will support advise on issues concerning the direction of the ongoing campus projects the University’s mission over the next ten years. As academic and in relation to the Campus Master Plan. The Review Board may also have administrative goals change, new technologies emerge, and campus secondary, more pro-active roles including making recommendations patterns evolve, updates to the Campus Master Plan will be required. regarding design guidelines or directing the establishment of sustainable The Campus Master Plan should undergo a comprehensive review construction standards. At least once a year, the Review Board should and update every 5 years to ensure that it remains a living document, meet with the President and facilitate a walking tour of the campus. responsive and fitting to the University’s needs.

Meetings should be scheduled as required by project volume and schedule. Projects should be presented to the Review Board by the participating user committee and the professional project design team. After every project review, comments will be provided to the project design team with copies provided to the Office of the President. A recommended sequence of action and review includes:

1. Make available to each design team a complete copy of the Campus Master Plan. 2. Require an initial meeting with the architect or designer to clarify the intent of the University and the Campus Master Plan. 3. Require formal intermediate and final reviews of the schematic design phase.

Implementation and Management 133 134 ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY | CAMPUS MASTER PLAN appendix

1. Uilizationt & space Needs Analysis Paulien & Associates, Inc.

The appendix is located on the CD attached to the back of this document.

Appendix 135