American Journal of Modern Physics 2015; 4(5): 254-260 Published online September 12, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajmp) doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150405.15 ISSN: 2326-8867 (Print); ISSN: 2326-8891 (Online)

Gravitational Propulsion by Help of Vacuum Holes

Constantin Leshan

Department of Nuclear Physics, T. Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Octeabriscoe, Moldova Email address: [email protected] To cite this article: Constantin Leshan. Gravitational Propulsion by Help of Vacuum Holes. American Journal of Modern Physics . Vol. 4, No. 5, 2015, pp. 254-260. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150405.15

Abstract: A new concept, the gravitational propulsion, or "Hole Levitation", is proposed which propels vehicle by using the artificial (vacuum holes). Such gravitational propulsion is similar to gravitational slingshot but without the need for large masses like planets and complicate maneuvers. The source of artificial gravitation accelerates the vehicle in one direction and the surrounding medium in the opposite direction. Therefore, it is not a : is taken from the surrounding stars and planets and conferred on the vehicle and thus is conserved overall. The artificial gravity generator can damp or neutralize inertial forces due to the levitating vehicle is able to move with large acceleration, which is not acceptable for other means of transport. Keywords: Artificial Gravity, Vacuum Holes, Gravity Control, Levitation,

Gravity assist maneuver can change the speed of a 1. Introduction without expending , but this method has Gravitational propulsion is the concept of vehicle limits [2]. The main limit to the use of propulsion where no propellant is necessary but instead maneuver is that large masses like planets and moons are momentum of the vehicle is changed by an interaction of the seldom in the right place to enable trip to destination. vehicle with external force fields, such as gravitational fields Another limitation is the planet's atmosphere, which prevents from stars, planets, clouds of dust and gas [1]. the closer approach of the spacecraft to the planet. Because Think about any method that allows propelling objects: of these limitations, gravitational slingshot is used seldom. you will find soon that gravity is the best thruster because it We propose a new propulsion technology called “Hole allows large acceleration without forces of inertia. The hole Levitation” that is similar to gravity assist but avoids all technology allows manned vehicle to move with large listed above limitations. Namely, the vehicle does not need acceleration that is inaccessible for all modern transport. the massive planets for propulsion because it has its own Usually, a manned vehicle will require more time to reach its source of artificial gravity; the vehicle free falls into the top speed as humans have limited tolerance to acceleration. artificial gravitational well. The advantage of this solution is In this context, all manned propulsion systems have that the vehicle is free to change its rate of acceleration and fundamental limits for the rate of acceleration – at large direction of movement and does not depend on external acceleration the forces of inertia can kill the crew and destroy planets. the delicate and fragile parts of the vehicle. On the contrary, It is clear that momentum obtained by the Voyager while the pilots of proposed levitating device do not feel any forces passing a Jupiter is taken from the planet and conferred on of inertia even at acceleration of thousands of “g” because the vehicle and thus is conserved overall. The current they free fall into the gravitational well. Thanks to hole proposal uses the same principle – the vehicle free falls to the vacuum technology, the future flying devices will have the source of gravity. The only difference is that instead of best maneuverability. Jupiter the vehicle uses its own source of artificial gravity The proposed propulsion concept is similar to gravity (vacuum holes). Thrust (momentum) obtained by the vehicle assist, which have been in use for interplanetary spacecraft while passing the artificial gravitational field is taken from missions for decades. For example, Voyager spacecraft the surrounding planets and stars, clouds of dust and gas, and obtained a speed 17 km/s after a gravity assist maneuver near conferred on the vehicle and thus is conserved overall. Jupiter and Saturn to increase the velocity. This process of acceleration of objects by vacuum holes [3] American Journal of Modern Physics 2015; 4(5): 254-260 255

is called sometimes "Hole Levitation" [4] due to possible Universe is called the "border of the Universe" because existence of the deep symmetry between classical and outside of the material Universe exist neither matter nor quantum methods of . The hypothesis we want to put space-time; it is an absolute void or a vacuum hole. Since this forward strengthens the link between levitation and absolute void does not contain material things, therefore it is teleportation on one hand and classical methods of motion on not a part of the material Universe. the other. Namely, we know two classical methods of motion According to Hole Vacuum theory, the microscopic vacuum as uniform rectilinear motion and motion with acceleration. It holes continually appear and disappear in space-time. In other can be shown that levitation repeats the properties of motion words, the border of the Universe passes through every point with acceleration and teleportation repeats the properties of in the space-time. In this context, we can create large holes by uniform rectilinear motion [5]. Probably, levitation is a expanding small holes. To create a large hole we must spend super-analogue of motion with acceleration whereas energy in order to expand the borders of the Universe. Another teleportation is a super-analogue of uniform-rectilinear way to produce a hole in space-time is that we must remove motion. Perhaps, there are two fundamental methods of from a vessel all the body contained in it, without permitting motion in nature only which looks differently at the another body to occupy its place [7, 9]. microscopic and macroscopic scales. Since a vacuum hole exist a short time only, the hole This propulsion principle is not similar to Alcubierre's generator emits short pulses of gravitation (probably [6]; it is a technology based on the hole vacuum gravitational waves). physics that doesn't use the exotic matter. In addition, it is not A hole generator allows to control gravity because we can a superluminal technology; levitating vehicles move more switch on and off gravity by starting and stopping the physical slowly than light always. processes that create holes. In contrast, we are not capable to The propulsion concept "Hole Levitation" can be used in a switch off and on the Earth's gravity because it is the natural mobile or stationary version. In the first case, the onboard gravitation generated by gravitating mass. gravitational thruster accelerates the vehicle by emitting Another important property of the hole generator is that we vacuum holes. The stationary version is a gravity catapult can "move" the source of artificial gravity to other location in able to shoot manned vehicles into space. Since the vehicle space almost instantaneously that allows controlling the flight. does not feel the forces of inertia, therefore the acceleration For this purpose, we simply stop the generation of holes in one rate in such a "gun" may exceed thousands or even millions place and start the same process in another place. For an of "g" without killing the crew. external observer, it is equivalent to the disappearance of a large mass in one place and its reappearance in another. It is 2. Artificial Gravity and Gravity Control impossible to repeat this procedure with natural gravitation; we cannot replace almost instantaneously the large gravitating The notion of “artificial gravity”, in this paper, refers to masses along the vehicle for the propulsion goals; for example, gravitation created by artificial vacuum holes. The hole we cannot replace the large asteroid from one side of the generator is a device able to create the artificial holes in the vehicle to another. Due to these remarkable properties, the space-time by help of various physical processes and artificial gravity produced by the hole generator is able to phenomena (but not by help of gravitating mass). Of course, propel vehicles. the gravity generator is also made of gravitating matter, but we consider only gravity generated by physical processes and phenomena. That is, mass alone is not the only source of gravity. In the source of gravity is what is called the energy-momentum tensor, which includes both energy and momentum densities as well as stress. Therefore, it follows that GR allows creating the artificial gravity by using various processes and phenomena that converts one form of energy in another (but not by help of gravitating mass). The freedom from mass allows us to control gravity. The only way modern science knows how to create a Figure 1. There 1 is the vehicle, 2 – non-symmetrical gravitational field, 3 gravitational field is the same way nature does it – by spherically symmetrical gravitational field. accumulating a lot of matter in one place. The hole theory of gravitation proposes a new method of creating artificial The gravitational field can be symmetrical or gravity by producing the large holes in . That the non-symmetrical, depending on the distribution of the vacuum source of vacuum holes produce gravitation was shown holes in space. The non-symmetrical gravitational field is the already in references [3, 7, 8]. The construction of the most suitable for propulsion because we can increase the value effective generators of vacuum holes is the goal that will of free fall acceleration g along the one preferred direction. allow us to control gravity. The hole generator can be used for As show Fig. 1, the advantage of a non-symmetrical levitation and teleportation [5]. gravitational field is that a few holes distributed along a line The imaginary line between a vacuum hole and the material with the length L 1, produces the same free fall acceleration g 256 Constantin Leshan: Gravitational Propulsion by Help of Vacuum Holes

along the x-axis as the large vacuum hole with the same in the most efficient way. Meanwhile, there is another way to diameter L 1. It means that an weak hole generator producing a introduce/remove the probe into/from the gravitational well non-symmetrical gravitational field have the same propulsion without using massive planets and complicate trajectories. effect as an powerful hole generator producing spherically Let us consider again the above experiment with two bodies symmetrical gravitational field. It allow us to produce the at rest, m 1 and m 2. Our goal is to accelerate m 1 using the large g-forces along the direction of motion (propulsion) by gravitational field of m 2. Imagine that we substitute the mass using the weak hole generators. The disadvantage of this m2 by the source of artificial gravity V0 (the generator of method is that at large acceleration the gravitational forces tear vacuum holes). The generator produces the large holes in the vehicle apart. spacetime by help of explosions; suppose that the products of explosion do not affect the vehicle. Now we can "switch on" 3. The Physics of Gravitational and "off" gravity many times, effectively introducing and removing the body m 1 into the gravitational well. It is the same Levitation gravitational slingshot but without the need in planets and complicate maneuvers. The source of artificial gravity m 2 can 3.1. Hole Levitation Is Falling into the Artificial accelerate or decelerate the spacecraft, depending on its Gravitational Well position (like gravity assist technique). Hole Levitation phenomenon can be understood in two To increase the rate of acceleration, it is proposed to create different ways. In short, we can propel the vehicle: 1) by the asymmetric gravitational field in front of the vehicle. creating an artificial gravitational field (vacuum holes) near a Namely, if the number of vacuum holes would be created vehicle; 2) by reproducing the inverse phenomenon of inertia. along the direction of motion, the value of free fall Both these statements are equivalent. acceleration in this direction will exceed free fall acceleration Let us begin with the simplest explanation. In order to in other directions. In empty space, the behavior of the vehicle depends propel a pointlike mass m 1 (vehicle) using gravitation, we strongly on the position of the source of artificial gravity. bring another mass m 2 from an infinite distance away to a There are two fundamentally different cases: 1) The source of position 1 m from m 1. Then, according to the universal artificial gravity lies within vehicle's centre of mass; 2) The gravitation law, both masses m 1 and m 2 begin to move with acceleration to each other. In fact, both objects start from rest source of artificial gravity is outside of the vehicle's centre of and fall toward each other. It is the gravitational propulsion mass. The present gravity machine may be controllable and since the vehicle m 1 moves with acceleration due to gravity. Of course, the "crew" feels no forces of inertia. maneuverable only in case if the source of artificial gravity is outside of its centre of mass. In this case, artificial gravitation Unfortunately, the acceleration of the mass m 1 (vehicle) attracts stronger the heavier part of the vehicle than the light stops after collision with m 2. Even if we avoid collision using one due to the vehicle as a whole moves with acceleration. The different techniques, the mass m 2 cannot be used again for propulsion due to the momentum conservation laws in an controlled gravitational propulsion disappears only when the isolated system; it is impossible to accelerate the spaceship by source of artificial gravity lies within the vehicle's centre of manipulating with onboard masses. It is like trying to move a mass. Now, the artificial gravity has nothing to propel due to car by pushing on it from the inside. the vehicle behaves as a usual massive body. Such uncontrolled vehicle will fall to the nearest source of gravity, Now imagine that m 1 is the space probe Voyager and m 2 is a but the benefit is appearance of the weight, or Earth-like planet like Jupiter. Since our goal is to accelerate m 1 using the gravitation. The weightlessness in space softens astronaut's gravitational field of m 2, we would use the gravity assist. A gravity assist changes a spacecraft's velocity (relative to the bones and causes their muscles to weaken. However, the crew Sun) by entering and leaving the gravitational field of a planet. can use both methods in succession depending on what they In other words, the space probe is exposed to Jupiter's need – acceleration or weight (gravity). In other words, the gravitational sphere of influence for short time due to gravity weight (gravity) appears only in case when the gravitation can accelerate/decelerate the probe. The reason why gravity attracts the astronauts but cannot propel the vehicle with the assist requires that all involved objects (the space probe and same rate. planets) must be in motion is just to introduce/remove the 3.2. Hole Levitation Is the Inverse Process to Inertia probe to planet's gravitational sphere of influence in the most efficient way – when a spacecraft flies past a much more There are virtual holes in every point of space. All massive massive body. material particles interact with vacuum holes continuously Thus, for gravitational propulsion (multiple acceleration of and emit their own holes. Since a particle interacts with the the mass m 1 by help of the gravitational fields), modern holes continuously, at acceleration well expand also vacuum science proposes one method only – the gravity assist. holes that interact with this particle at the same moment of Let we introduce now the new technique for gravitational time. Thus, material bodies resist acceleration by expanding propulsion (gravity assist) based on vacuum hole technology, myriads of vacuum holes. or artificial gravity. The basic idea in the gravitational assist is The proposal is to run this process in reverse for propulsion to introduce and remove the probe into the gravitational well goals. For example, a particle moving with acceleration 10 American Journal of Modern Physics 2015; 4(5): 254-260 257

2 m/s creates behind them holes with the diameter D h. If we 3.3. Conservation of Energy and Momentum create the same holes D h near another identical particle then one will move with the same acceleration 10 m/s 2 and without Actually, the levitating vehicle propels by help of its own forces of inertia; Forces of inertia do not arise when a material source of artificial gravity. This explanation might seem to object is accelerated by gravitation (gravitation is another violate the conservation of energy and momentum, but the name for vacuum holes [8]). effects on the environment have not been considered. If no The flying device will be “inertialess” only if we will mass is being ejected from the vehicle, where is the thrust reproduce exactly the (inverse) process of inertia as it occurs coming from? in nature. As mentioned above, when a body moves with In spite of the fact that propulsion using manipulation with acceleration, it "expands" microscopic vacuum holes by its onboard masses is forbidden by conservation laws, the every component particle. Therefore, the forces of inertia propulsion using artificial gravity is possible due to the attract uniformly all parts of the given body. However, it is following reasons: technologically impossible to reproduce exactly the 1. The gravitational wave argument. If the vehicle is phenomenon of inertia because we are not capable to create equipped with pulse generator of non-symmetric artificial the myriads of vacuum holes inside of a solid body; what is gravitational field, it cannot be considered as an isolated more, we must place these artificial holes ahead of every system already because it interacts with the external component particle. gravitational fields. The pulses of non-symmetrical artificial Instead, in order to simplify the technology of levitation, we gravity "steal" momentum from the surrounding objects create a thin layer of holes in front of the vehicle. This solution (elementary particles, dust and gas, far planets and stars) is technologically realizable and allows “inertialess” located along the trajectory. The linear momentum gained by propulsion but causes some problems. Namely, the rate of the vehicle is equal in magnitude to that lost by the acceleration cannot be arbitrary large due to appearance of surrounding clouds of dust and gas, planets and stars. tidal gravitational forces. Since gravitation is inverse squared, The hole generator is a pulse generator that emits very short therefore the head parts of the vehicle will gain more pulses (waves) of the non-symmetrical gravitational field, acceleration than its back parts. Thus, at large acceleration which is able to carry momentum. It is generally known that (using large holes) the tidal gravitational forces tear the gravitational waves are able to carry energy, momentum, and vehicle apart into pieces. angular momentum over large distances. For this reason, if a Two solutions may prevent the destruction of the vehicle by hole generator emits gravitational waves, it cannot be the gravitational forces: 1) the vehicle must have the most considered as an isolated system already. suitable form. For example, the spherical form allows more 2. The unique properties of vacuum holes argument. When uniform distribution of gravitational forces along the vehicle two equal masses m 1 and m 2 interact gravitationally, than the shape of the plane or . 2) There is a proposal to momentum is imparted to these bodies. Namely, after create the artificial holes inside of the vehicle (in the critical gravitational interaction the first body m 1 gains momentum p points) in order to reduce tension (stretching) caused by tidal = m 1v1 and the body m 2 gains the opposite momentum –p = gravitational forces. m2v2. Now if we substitute the mass m 2 by the vacuum hole V0, The source of vacuum holes can be used as an inertia then an important distinction arises: the body m 2 is able to damper (compensator) to counter or damp the effects of inertia carry momentum because it possesses such important or other forces. It is not neutralization of inertia as physical properties as long lifetime, mass m and velocity v. But the phenomenon, but rather compensation, or neutralization of stationary vacuum hole V0 (not to be confused with moving holes) disappears quickly because its lifetime is very short, effects of inertia (or forces of inertia). Even if the vehicle –24 executes complicate maneuvers with large acceleration, the approximately Th ≥ 10 s. It is self-evident that a crew remains in weightlessness conditions because the non-existing object is not able to carry momentum. artificial gravity generator counteracts the forces of inertia. Momentum p is the mass times velocity, p = mv, but if the The suggested inertia damper works in following way: object do not exist, then its mass m = 0 and therefore the Suppose that the external force accelerates the vehicle due to notion of "velocity" v is senseless, hence the non-existing it resist acceleration by producing vacuum holes behind of object is not capable to carry momentum. Since V0 is not able every component particle. Now if we produce the same holes to carry momentum, the momentum conservation law requires on the opposite side of the every component particle, the that the opposite momentum –p = m 2v2 must be carried by effects of inertia must disappear. Even if the external forces gravitation (vacuum holes) to environment. accelerate/decelerate the vehicle, the fast hole generator By the way, let us mention that the gravitational radiation controlled by an computer can reduce G loads to a minimum. (moving holes) is able to carry momentum because these holes It is the only compensation or neutralization of effects of have long lifetimes, since they propagate in space like holes in inertia by help of vacuum holes but not the negation or loss electric current [8]. Holes are capable to carry momentum of inertia as described in . In fact, inertia as the because they are capable to accelerate objects [8]. physical phenomenon can’t be shut off. The onboard Nevertheless, the source of artificial gravitation V0 in the observer can prove easily that all levitating objects have the above example is a stationary hole that lives a short time only, property of inertia always. emitting other, moving holes that are able to carry momentum. 258 Constantin Leshan: Gravitational Propulsion by Help of Vacuum Holes

3. Migration of the centre of mass argument. Let we have Such “astronomical” distances and masses were chosen in two equal masses m 1 (vehicle) and m 2 that are in touch (the order to show clearly that hole levitation does not violate the closed, isolated system). Now the crew works against the momentum conservation law. gravitational force increasing the distance between these The vehicle m1 is going to fly to the test body m3 using objects from r = r 0 to r = r 1. Then both objects free fall to each gravitational propulsion only. For this purpose, we must create other due to gravity. After that, we repeat this procedure again. an artificial gravitational field V0 in front of the vehicle. To It is clear that such manipulations with onboard masses cannot make a more clear picture, we‘ll use a very powerful hole change the vehicle's net momentum due to conservation laws. generator which creates the same number of holes as Earth, Now let us substitute the mass m 2 by the hole V 0 (artificial because we are familiar with free fall acceleration g = 9.8 mass) that periodically appears and disappears in the same m/s 2. position in respect to the vehicle. Therefore, it only attracts the The hole generator, which is located in the middle of vehicle m 1, without the need to work against gravity in order distance in the point A, works in a pulsed mode; it creates to increase the distance between m 1 and V 0, as described every second a stream of holes with summary volume V 0 = 15 3 5 above. In other words, since the mass V0 disappears, there is 5.012*10 m and radius r0 = 1.062*10 m. no need to work against gravity in order to increase the At the moment of time t 0, a hole V 0 begins to collapse and to distance between m 1 and V0. Consequently, it causes the the moment t 1 the volume V 0 will be equal to zero. Therefore, appearance of a force that propels the vehicle m 1 in one the sphere V decreases in size: V – V0 = V 1 due to the holes direction and the surrounding medium in the opposite with diameter d = 9.8 m appears near the vehicle and test body direction. We repeat again this cycle where V0 only attracts m 1 m3 (see Fig. 2): without the need to work against gravity in order to increase the distance between m 1 and V0. (1) Let the hole V 0 is produced outside of the vehicle, and the mass of the vehicle m 1 is equal to V0, m 1 = V0. When the Thus, the hole generator that creates a number of holes with source of artificial gravity V0 is active, then the center of mass total volume V 0 every second causes the appearance of hole radiation that curves the surrounding space-time and accelerates of the system (m 1 + V0) is at the halfway point between m 1 and objects. In other words, the source of holes V manifests itself V0. When the artificial mass V0 disappears, then the system’s 0 via creation of holes “d” that accelerate surrounding small (m 1 + V 0) centre of mass coincides with vehicle's centre of objects m 1 and m 3, whose mass (gravitation) can be ignored. In mass. Since the artificial mass V0 periodically appears and disappears, consequently the vehicle's centre of mass migrates this context, we can study the motion of small objects m 1 and m by taking into account the influence of the holes “d” only. continually. Since objects will tend to move to the center of 3 The hole “d” is a sum of all microscopic holes that accelerate gravity, it means that the artificial gravity generates a force objects during a unit of time (a second in this case). that propels the vehicle in one direction and the surrounding At the moment of time t , a hole “d” begins to collapse and medium in the opposite direction. 0 to the moment t 1 the volume of “d” will be equal to zero. Therefore all surrounding objects will move with acceleration 4. Step-by-Step Explanation to the center of holes "d''; for example, the vehicle m 1 passes the distance 4.9 m up to the centre of hole "d''. Since the source Let's describe the process of gravitational propulsion in of holes m 2 also passes the distance 4.9 m up to the centre of detail. Imagine that the vehicle m is placed at distance 2R, R 1 hole "d'', therefore the speed of the vehicle m 1 with respect to 6 = 6.37* 10 m from a test body m 3, as show Fig. 2. m2 will be V = 9.8 m/s. In the next moment of time t 2 the cycle repeats and therefore the vehicle m 1 passes the distance 9.8 m by inertia, and besides, is again accelerated by a hole “d”, moving to the center of hole “d” the distance 4.9 m. Thus the vehicle m 1 has passed the distance S = 4.9 + 9.8 + 4.9 = 19.6 m during first two seconds. Continuing this experiment we shall find, that the body moves by the law S = gt 2/2, which describes the free falling in a gravitational field. The vehicle m 1 starting from rest will attain a speed of 9.8 m/s with respect to m 2 after one second, 19.6 m/s after two seconds, and so on, because m 2 also moves with acceleration to the center of hole "d". Since the test body m 3 moves in the opposite direction, the speed of the vehicle m 1 in respect to m 3 will be V = 19.6 m/s after fist second and V = 39.2 m/s after two seconds. The free-fall acceleration "g'' concerning the center of summary hole with radius r is:

g = kr 3/3R 2, k = 1/s 2 (2) Figure 2. Both objects m 1 and m 3 start from rest and fall toward each other; The source of holes in point A generates the volume of holes V 0 during a second. The conclusion of this imaginary experiment is that if the American Journal of Modern Physics 2015; 4(5): 254-260 259

vehicle begins to move using gravitational propulsion (Hole along the x-axis. Therefore, a vehicle 1 free falls into the Levitation), the opposite bodies and particles gain the opposite gravitational well, along the x-axis. The main gravitational momentum. If we substitute the body m 3 by far stars or planets force is created by synchronized sequential switching of in this experiment, they will also gain momentum. It is a proof individual hole generators. When the vehicle approaches to that the law of conservation of momentum holds in Hole the massive ring, the hole generators produce the large hole 2 Levitation. The energy conservation law also holds because which accelerate the vehicle forward and the ring in opposite we spend energy to produce the vacuum holes, which direction. It provides a clear demonstration that the law of accelerate the vehicle and the surrounding medium. conservation of momentum holds for hole levitation. If the source of artificial gravity V0 is placed closer to the Strong centering gravitational force “levitates” vehicle for vehicle, the efficiency of gravitational propulsion increases minimal wall contact. The gravitational catapult may act as due to gravity’s inverse square law. The closer is the source of machine gun also, launching vehicles one by one after short gravity to the vehicle, the larger is acceleration. I can prove intervals of time. that the vehicle propels even if the source of artificial gravity Another possibility is to combine the inertia dampers based is placed inside of this vehicle. In this case, the artificial on vacuum hole technology with other systems. gravitation attracts the heavier part of the vehicle in one For example, we can combine the inertia dampers with direction and the surrounding medium in the opposite slingatrons, railguns, coilguns, space guns (cannonballs), and direction due to the vehicle’s net momentum changes. One so on, in order to reduce G loads to a minimum. The may disagree, partially or wholly, on this point: an gravitational catapult may be installed also on the Moon, Mars electromagnet cannot propel the vehicle, if it is placed inside or in space, in order to eliminate the atmospheric drag losses. of this vehicle. The answer is that the nature of gravitation differs from the electromagnetism. Unlike electromagnetism, 6. Conclusion the gravitational radiation (waves) interacts with all external objects and fields, due to the vehicle’s net momentum changes. The gravity-based propulsion technology could revolutionize Besides, we create the non-symmetrical gravitational field by space travel and enable interstellar voyages. A vehicle equipped distributing holes along the direction of motion. with artificial gravity generator is able to surpass the fundamental limits of their predecessors; it is the propulsion 5. Gravitational Catapult without forces of inertia, which requires no propellant mass. The paper showed that we could propel vehicles by using Jules Verne described in 1865 a giant gun that launched artificial gravitation (vacuum holes) and without violating three men to Moon. Afterwards were proposed a lot of similar conservation laws. There are real examples of similar devices for non-rocket space launch like railguns, coilguns, gravitational propulsion as gravitational slingshot and free mass drivers and other catapults. The first publication of the falling; the difference is only that instead of gravitating matter concept may be Newton’s cannonball in his 1728 book [10]. we use artificial gravitation (vacuum holes). There are other The essence of these concepts is to use a single impulse to examples of Hole Levitation in quantum physics where vacuum directly send a payload into space. Although all these systems holes accelerate particles. promise to throw objects up into space for a very low price, The next step is to research interaction between vacuum human launches are not possible due to limited tolerance of holes and matter in order to create the effective sources of humans to acceleration. To remove these limits, we propose artificial gravity (hole generators). Unfortunately, I can research the gravitational catapult that is able to throw manned vehicles the physics of vacuum holes theoretically only because I have into space without killing the crew. neither laboratory nor support. I hope that other scientists interested in this question invite me.

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