American Journal of Modern Physics 2015; 4(5): 254-260 Published online September 12, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajmp) doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150405.15 ISSN: 2326-8867 (Print); ISSN: 2326-8891 (Online) Gravitational Propulsion by Help of Vacuum Holes Constantin Leshan Department of Nuclear Physics, T. Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Octeabriscoe, Moldova Email address: [email protected] To cite this article: Constantin Leshan. Gravitational Propulsion by Help of Vacuum Holes. American Journal of Modern Physics . Vol. 4, No. 5, 2015, pp. 254-260. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20150405.15 Abstract: A new concept, the gravitational propulsion, or "Hole Levitation", is proposed which propels vehicle by using the artificial gravity (vacuum holes). Such gravitational propulsion is similar to gravitational slingshot but without the need for large masses like planets and complicate maneuvers. The source of artificial gravitation accelerates the vehicle in one direction and the surrounding medium in the opposite direction. Therefore, it is not a reactionless drive: momentum is taken from the surrounding stars and planets and conferred on the vehicle and thus is conserved overall. The artificial gravity generator can damp or neutralize inertial forces due to the levitating vehicle is able to move with large acceleration, which is not acceptable for other means of transport. Keywords: Artificial Gravity, Vacuum Holes, Gravity Control, Levitation, Inertia Gravity assist maneuver can change the speed of a 1. Introduction spacecraft without expending propellant, but this method has Gravitational field propulsion is the concept of vehicle limits [2]. The main limit to the use of gravity assist propulsion where no propellant is necessary but instead maneuver is that large masses like planets and moons are momentum of the vehicle is changed by an interaction of the seldom in the right place to enable trip to destination. vehicle with external force fields, such as gravitational fields Another limitation is the planet's atmosphere, which prevents from stars, planets, clouds of dust and gas [1]. the closer approach of the spacecraft to the planet. Because Think about any method that allows propelling objects: of these limitations, gravitational slingshot is used seldom. you will find soon that gravity is the best thruster because it We propose a new propulsion technology called “Hole allows large acceleration without forces of inertia. The hole Levitation” that is similar to gravity assist but avoids all technology allows manned vehicle to move with large listed above limitations. Namely, the vehicle does not need acceleration that is inaccessible for all modern transport. the massive planets for propulsion because it has its own Usually, a manned vehicle will require more time to reach its source of artificial gravity; the vehicle free falls into the top speed as humans have limited tolerance to acceleration. artificial gravitational well. The advantage of this solution is In this context, all manned propulsion systems have that the vehicle is free to change its rate of acceleration and fundamental limits for the rate of acceleration – at large direction of movement and does not depend on external acceleration the forces of inertia can kill the crew and destroy planets. the delicate and fragile parts of the vehicle. On the contrary, It is clear that momentum obtained by the Voyager while the pilots of proposed levitating device do not feel any forces passing a Jupiter is taken from the planet and conferred on of inertia even at acceleration of thousands of “g” because the vehicle and thus is conserved overall. The current they free fall into the gravitational well. Thanks to hole proposal uses the same principle – the vehicle free falls to the vacuum technology, the future flying devices will have the source of gravity. The only difference is that instead of best maneuverability. Jupiter the vehicle uses its own source of artificial gravity The proposed propulsion concept is similar to gravity (vacuum holes). Thrust (momentum) obtained by the vehicle assist, which have been in use for interplanetary spacecraft while passing the artificial gravitational field is taken from missions for decades. For example, Voyager spacecraft the surrounding planets and stars, clouds of dust and gas, and obtained a speed 17 km/s after a gravity assist maneuver near conferred on the vehicle and thus is conserved overall. Jupiter and Saturn to increase the velocity. This process of acceleration of objects by vacuum holes [3] American Journal of Modern Physics 2015; 4(5): 254-260 255 is called sometimes "Hole Levitation" [4] due to possible Universe is called the "border of the Universe" because existence of the deep symmetry between classical and outside of the material Universe exist neither matter nor quantum methods of motion. The hypothesis we want to put space-time; it is an absolute void or a vacuum hole. Since this forward strengthens the link between levitation and absolute void does not contain material things, therefore it is teleportation on one hand and classical methods of motion on not a part of the material Universe. the other. Namely, we know two classical methods of motion According to Hole Vacuum theory, the microscopic vacuum as uniform rectilinear motion and motion with acceleration. It holes continually appear and disappear in space-time. In other can be shown that levitation repeats the properties of motion words, the border of the Universe passes through every point with acceleration and teleportation repeats the properties of in the space-time. In this context, we can create large holes by uniform rectilinear motion [5]. Probably, levitation is a expanding small holes. To create a large hole we must spend super-analogue of motion with acceleration whereas energy in order to expand the borders of the Universe. Another teleportation is a super-analogue of uniform-rectilinear way to produce a hole in space-time is that we must remove motion. Perhaps, there are two fundamental methods of from a vessel all the body contained in it, without permitting motion in nature only which looks differently at the another body to occupy its place [7, 9]. microscopic and macroscopic scales. Since a vacuum hole exist a short time only, the hole This propulsion principle is not similar to Alcubierre's generator emits short pulses of gravitation (probably warp drive [6]; it is a technology based on the hole vacuum gravitational waves). physics that doesn't use the exotic matter. In addition, it is not A hole generator allows to control gravity because we can a superluminal technology; levitating vehicles move more switch on and off gravity by starting and stopping the physical slowly than light always. processes that create holes. In contrast, we are not capable to The propulsion concept "Hole Levitation" can be used in a switch off and on the Earth's gravity because it is the natural mobile or stationary version. In the first case, the onboard gravitation generated by gravitating mass. gravitational thruster accelerates the vehicle by emitting Another important property of the hole generator is that we vacuum holes. The stationary version is a gravity catapult can "move" the source of artificial gravity to other location in able to shoot manned vehicles into space. Since the vehicle space almost instantaneously that allows controlling the flight. does not feel the forces of inertia, therefore the acceleration For this purpose, we simply stop the generation of holes in one rate in such a "gun" may exceed thousands or even millions place and start the same process in another place. For an of "g" without killing the crew. external observer, it is equivalent to the disappearance of a large mass in one place and its reappearance in another. It is 2. Artificial Gravity and Gravity Control impossible to repeat this procedure with natural gravitation; we cannot replace almost instantaneously the large gravitating The notion of “artificial gravity”, in this paper, refers to masses along the vehicle for the propulsion goals; for example, gravitation created by artificial vacuum holes. The hole we cannot replace the large asteroid from one side of the generator is a device able to create the artificial holes in the vehicle to another. Due to these remarkable properties, the space-time by help of various physical processes and artificial gravity produced by the hole generator is able to phenomena (but not by help of gravitating mass). Of course, propel vehicles. the gravity generator is also made of gravitating matter, but we consider only gravity generated by physical processes and phenomena. That is, mass alone is not the only source of gravity. In General Relativity the source of gravity is what is called the energy-momentum tensor, which includes both energy and momentum densities as well as stress. Therefore, it follows that GR allows creating the artificial gravity by using various processes and phenomena that converts one form of energy in another (but not by help of gravitating mass). The freedom from mass allows us to control gravity. The only way modern science knows how to create a Figure 1. There 1 is the vehicle, 2 – non-symmetrical gravitational field, 3 gravitational field is the same way nature does it – by spherically symmetrical gravitational field. accumulating a lot of matter in one place. The hole theory of gravitation proposes a new method of creating artificial The gravitational field can be symmetrical or gravity by producing the large holes in spacetime. That the non-symmetrical, depending on the distribution of the vacuum source of vacuum holes produce gravitation was shown holes in space. The non-symmetrical gravitational field is the already in references [3, 7, 8]. The construction of the most suitable for propulsion because we can increase the value effective generators of vacuum holes is the next goal that will of free fall acceleration g along the one preferred direction.