DOCSLIB.ORG

Forest Fire Management Victoria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forest Fire Management Victoria Bushfires and Knowledge Forest, Fire and Regions Group Science Catalogue 2018-19 Forests, Fire and Regions Group © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo and the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISBN 978-1-76077-511-7 (pdf/online/MS word) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Accessibility If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone the DELWP Customer Service Centre on 136186, email customer.service@ delwp.vic.gov.au, or via the National Relay Service on 133 677 www.relayservice.com. au. This document is also available on the internet at www.delwp.vic.gov.au. Bushfires and Knowledge Forests Fire and Regions Group Content Section 1: How DELWP’s science has shaped Victoria’s bushfire management 2 Foreword 2 Introduction 4 The Beginnings of Fire Research in Victoria 6 The 1940s to 1970s: Australia grapples with predicting fire spread and impact 8 The 1980s: Fire ecology not just fire behaviour 10 The 1990s: Fuel load, fire ecology and biodiversity 13 From 2000: Adaptation and improvement 14 From 2010: Cross-sector collaboration and policy imperatives 19 Safer Together 21 Section 2: The Forest, Fire and Regions Group Science Catalogue 2018-19 22 Integrating science with policy and operations 22 Working in partnership with communities 23 Smoke modelling 25 Bushfire Prediction Research 27 Associated fire management, predictive, and behavioural research 30 Ecosystem modelling and resilience 33 Modernising Regional Forests Agreement’s 38 Building our understanding of bushfire, climate and risk 41 Environmental compliance 45 References 48 Appendix 1: Fire and adaptive management research reports 50 Bushfires and Knowledge Forests Fire and Regions Group Section 1: How DELWP’s science has shaped Victoria’s bushfire management Foreword Over the past century, Victoria has amassed a Bushfire science contributes to policy and operations wealth of science based knowledge about bushfire in a multitude of ways and in various time frames. behaviour and management that has fundamentally changed the way bushfire is managed across the By bringing together the most significant historical state. This science is nationally and internationally directions in Victoria’s bushfire management and significant and has led to Victorian communities science in this narrative, we better understand: being safer. • the contribution of science to the development of It has enabled the Department of Environment, Land, fire management policy and operations on public Water and Planning (DELWP) to minimise the impact land in Victoria of bushfire on human lives, communities, • how science-based knowledge is informing infrastructure, industries, the economy and the current approaches environment while maintaining and improving the resilience of natural ecosystems and their ability to • how science will continue to influence future provide services such as biodiversity, water, carbon planning and help protect Victorian communities. storage and forest products to Victoria. Established as a narrative around major bushfire Currently, DELWP invests or leverages more than $5 events as drivers for research, this history is not million a year in forests and emergency management intended as a comprehensive list of all science or research projects through its bushfire science research generated or used by DELWP. It is a program. However, the value of this science, the snapshot of critical events and activities that knowledge it generates, and the capacity it has to demonstrate how scientific endeavours by inform DELWP practices is often obscured by its generations of researchers have answered key subtle and cumulative influence over time. questions about bushfire and its impacts. It shows how far DELWP has come in our understanding of In charting the history of DELWP’s long-term bushfires, the risk they pose, and how we manage commitment to invest and use science-based that risk. It also reminds us that continuing research, we begin to understand its powerful investment in science is needed to ensure we influence on our learning and behaviour. This continue to improve our bushfire management. knowledge is built up over decades, often shaping outcomes unforeseen when the science was None of this would have been possible without the commissioned years before. generous support of the many researchers and DELWP staff, past and present, who gave their time, “There is a 20-year gap between conducting memories and archives to assemble this history. an experiment and the knowledge being Our sincere thanks must go to them. They are the embedded in practice “ Dr Leon Bren and heroes of this history. A/Prof. Kevin Tolhurst, personal communication 2 Section 1: How DELWP’s science has shaped Victoria’s bushfire management Bushfires and Knowledge Forests Fire and Regions Group Figure 1: Field research. Source: Pat Lane. Section 1: How DELWP’s science has shaped Victoria’s bushfire management 3 Bushfires and Knowledge Forests Fire and Regions Group Introduction Bushfire Policy and Science Science underpins all our work, holds us to account, and enables us to connect, involve and inform the community in evidence-based decision making to deliver improved outcomes for all Victorians (DELWP Science Strategy 2017). DELWP has a long history of science investment and Hazard Guide (unpublished 2013) looks back at the its use is now deeply entrenched in every aspect of original science behind what is now an accepted way DELWP’s bushfire management activities - from of looking at fuel hazard and demonstrates how the policy directions and management, to field research developed over two decades. operations and training. In turn, the learning this inspires identifies new avenues of research and Similarly, new research projects draw on knowledge scientific endeavour. This adaptive management gained through previous research, and practical loop underpins the knowledge base of bushfire experience, to fill newly recognised or previously science. This strong commitment to knowledge and unfillable knowledge gaps. learning ensures DELWP continues to improve its This is supported by the Research Monitoring, capacity to deliver critical government policy Evaluation and Reporting Framework developed directions such as Safer Together (2015) and the specifically for DELWP’s Forests, Fire and Regions Code of Practice for Bushfire Management on Public Group by RMIT which clearly showed that Land (2012) (the Code). The DELWP Bushfire Science establishing a causal link between research and a Strategy 2013-2017 describes this relationship specific policy or operations outcome an “impact “ or perfectly “DELWP is a science-dependant “direct attribution” is both rarely possible and organisation: good science provides good evidence, significantly under-recognises the value of research which in turn informs good policy”. evidence in DELWP. Instead we need to focus on Interestingly, DELWP’s application of scientific research ‘contributions’ across time bringing a discovery to better bushfire management is rarely the broader focus which acknowledges the value of result of an outcome from a single research project- research contributions as powerful and long-lived. more often, science outputs interlink and build upon The value of long-term research should never be each other towards a critical outcome or a underestimated. The ability to revisit past research breakthrough improvement. Bushfire management and try new research ideas based on previous decisions and new policy are rarely the results of a findings is invaluable, more so when existing single research project, but more an accumulation of background data is comprehensive. The Wombat scientific evidence, often over time. For example, Fire Effects Study Areas (FESA) research has been DELWP's planned burning program is informed by collecting and analysing data about the impact of decades of research into the effects of bushfire on the repeated planned burning for over 30 years. This environment, and the Review of the Overall Fuel 4 Section 1: How DELWP’s science has shaped Victoria’s bushfire management Bushfires and Knowledge Forests Fire and Regions Group work has informed planned burning practices, and DELWP has been increasingly explicit that research the development of successive iterations of the investment is driven by its potential to improve policy Code. One of the most significant messages flowing and operational performance. In fact, Safer Together from these studies is that short-term fire effects can (2015) highlighted the need for ongoing, applied and be misleading, given the longevity of forest pure research. This contrasts with previous ecosystems (DSE, 1995). It took until 2005 for the investment where
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CFA Summer Fire Safety
    OVERVIEW SUMMER These fire safety lessons provide a definition of bushfire, grassfire and coastal scrub fire. It also provides a selection of bushfire activities on a selection of case studies (Black Friday 1939, Black Tuesday 1967, Ash Wednesday 1983 and FIRE Black Saturday 2009). Students will investigate how the fire started, the extent of damage and the impacts on people, livestock and the physical environment. Looking back at the history of fire provides us with an understanding of how fire safety has developed, and allows valuable reflection on what lessons have been SAFETY learnt. The CFA Fire Ready Kit is used as a guide resource. Students will review the LESSONS FOR components of the kit and discover its importance as a resource to help them and their family plan and prepare for fire. Students learn how using this kit can play a YEARS 5 & 6 vital role in safety, during the event of relocation. WHAT YOU WILL NEED LESSON TOPICS CFA Fire Ready Kit 1. History of Fire Activity worksheet and your choice of 2. CFA Fire Ready Kit case study CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS This content has been mapped to the Victorian Curriculum. The Victorian Curriculum F–10 incorporates the Australian Curriculum and reflects Victorian priorities and standards. Health and Investigate community resources and strategies to seek help Physical about health, safety and wellbeing Education Plan and practise strategies to promote health, safety and well- being Geography Impacts of bushfires or floods on environments and communi- ties, and how people can respond Elaborations
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Bush Fire Impacts
    Australian Bush Fire Impacts A bushfire is a fire that occurs in the bush (woodland or grassland of Australia) and naturally caused by lightning strikes. However, the natural fire regime was altered by the arrival of humans in Australia. As a consequence fires became more frequent, and fire- loving plant species such as eucalyptus greatly expanded their range in Australia. Bush fires have caused Satellite image of the fires in Eastern Victoria during the afternoon of 7 February 2009. both property, By 8 February, smoke from the bushfires had reached as far as New Zealand . stock and wildlife [http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/th epress/4841601a6009.html] loss. Human fatalities were high during the years 2009, 1983 and 1939 (Table 1). Historical If climate change leads to more records reveals that the state of Victoria (VIC) is frequent and intense hot and dry more prone to bush fires (Table 1). During periods in Australia, fire hazards in bushfire, the combustion process can release the Australia will almost inevitably most toxic chemicals such as PCDD/Fs (dioxins increase and furans), and cyanide into the environment. Post bush fire rainfall events can easily wash the residues such as ash, charcoal, soil, nutrients and debris from burnt slopes into the nearby streams and rivers affecting Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin or dioxins (PCDDs) release during bush fires can persist the water quality, water chemistry and aquatic ecosystems. in the environment upto 14 years. Dioxins also, bio-accumulate in the living organisms, and are highly toxic to humans and wildlife . Table 1 : Historical records of bushfire events in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing Victoria's Bushfire Risk
    Reducing Victoria’s bushfire risk Fuel management report 2016–17 The department pays its respect and proudly acknowledges the contribution and continued commitment to land and resource management by Victoria’s Traditional Owners, their rich culture and the intrinsic connection they have to Country. © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2017 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo and the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning logo. To view a copy of that licence, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/. Printed by: Mercedes Waratah Digital ISSN 2207-4627 – Print format ISSN 2207-4635 – Online (pdf / word) format Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Accessibility If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone the DELWP Customer Service Centre on 136 186, email [email protected] or via the National Relay Service on 133 677 or www.relayservice.com.au.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 29 No. 3 Winter 2016 (Pdf)
    NATIONAL RESPONSE Official Journal of the Australian Institute of Emergency Services VOLUME 29 NO. 3 WINTER 2016 PRINT POST PUBLICATION NO. PP100018976 PINERY DESTRUCTION COMPENSATION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION COMPENSATIONSPECIALISTS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION Concerned about your SPECIALISTSentitlements to compensation, disability Concerned aboutpayment your entitlements or superannuation? to compensation, disability Our team is professional,payment or experienced superannuation? and compassionate. Our team is professional, experienced and compassionate. Why not call us today? YourWhy first not consultation call us today? is free. Your first consultation is free. 1800 25 1800 stacksgoudkamp.com.au1800 25 1800 stacksgoudkamp.com.au Sydney, Liverpool, Newcastle Sydney, Liverpool, Newcastle NATIONAL Official Publication of AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES Print Post Approved EMERGENCY PP 337586/00067 RESPONSE DISCLAIMER Official Journal of the Australian Institute of Emergency Services Views expressed in this journal, unless specifically acknowledged, are not necessarily those of the Publisher, of the Institute, of its Council or of the Editor. Winter 2016 • National Emergency Response EDITORIAL RIGHTS The Editor of National Emergency Response reserves the right to grant permission to reproduce articles from this journal. Such Approval is hereby granted, unless a specific withdrawal of this permission is included in the article in question. CONTENTS The Author and the journal must be acknowledged in any such reprint. REGULAR COLUMNS MAILING AMENDMENTS OR ENQUIRIES For any amendments or enquiries regarding mailing, please email: 2 President’s Report [email protected] 3 New Members NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS This publication is the official journal of the Australian Institute of 26 Membership information Emergency Services. It is published by Countrywide Austral for the Australian Institute of Emergency Services and will be distributed 27 AIES Contacts to its members.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Fatalities in the February 7, 2009, Bushfires
    EXP.029.003.0001 Review of fatalities in the February 7, 2009, bushfires. Prepared for the Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission April 2010 FINAL REPORT Centre for Risk and Community Safety RMIT University & Bushfire CRC 13 April 2010 EXP.029.003.0002 Review of fatalities in the February 7, 2009, bushfires. Prepared for the Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission April 2010 By John Handmer, Saffron O’Neil and Damien Killalea. FINAL REPORT 13 April 2010 Bushfire CRC Centre for Risk and Community Safety RMIT University Contacts: Richard Thornton [email protected] John Handmer [email protected] Review of Fatalities 13 April 2010 2 EXP.029.003.0003 Contents Acknowledgements 4 Project team members 4 Executive summary 5 Part 1 Approach and context 9 Introduction 9 Methodology 10 Uncertainty 12 Review of bushfire fatality literature 13 Part 2 Results and analysis 15 Vulnerabilities 15 Preparedness 17 Intentions & actions 21 What role did the intention to stay and defend play in fatal outcomes? 21 What were people doing in the lead up to their deaths? 22 If people died fleeing are there any indications as to why? 24 What proportion was sheltering? 24 What proportion was defending their properties? 26 Building defendability: 26 What were the demographics of those who died and how does this compare to previous historical fires? 27 Part 3 Comparisons and implications 30 How do the results compare with previous understanding of bushfire fatalities? What are the implications for advice from fire agencies to the community? 33 Key findings and implications 34 References 37 Review of Fatalities 13 April 2010 3 EXP.029.003.0004 Acknowledgements This report was prepared for the Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission by the Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre (CRC).
    [Show full text]
  • Sensemaking and Learning from Bushfire in Australia
    We have not lived long enough: Sensemaking and learning from bushfire in Australia By Graham Dwyer & Cynthia Hardy Abstract Organizations increasingly find themselves responding to unprecedented natural disasters that are experienced as complex, unpredictable and harmful. We examine how organizations make sense and learn from these novel experiences by examining three Australian bushfires. We show how sensemaking and learning occurred during the public inquiries that followed these events, as well as how learning continued afterwards with the help of ‘learning cues.’ We propose a model that links public inquiry activities to changes in organizational practices. Given the interesting times in which we live, this model has important implications for future research on how new organizational practices can be enacted after public inquiries have concluded their work. Keywords: Novelty, public inquiries, sensemaking, organizational learning Introduction Over the last decade, the earth’s natural environment has provoked a growing and justifiable level of concern over our ability to cope with major catastrophes (Pelling, 2010). Atmospheric scientists are attributing higher temperatures, wind speeds and moisture deficits to climate change, which is subsequently causing natural disasters that have become more frequent, complex and devastating (Birkman, 2006). Hence, in the last decade we have witnessed earthquakes, flooding, droughts and bushfires becoming more frequent and more damaging (Glade et al., 2010). Such natural disasters are proving to be a challenge for emergency management practitioners, including government ministers, policy-makers, police officers, fire fighters, weather forecasters and geospatial analysts. Despite being well prepared, organizations still struggle to respond effectively to natural disasters (Mileti, 1999) because their learning from previous events is undermined when new or unfamiliar conditions unfold.
    [Show full text]
  • CFS Volunteer Yearbook 2017
    the VOLUNTEER YEARBOOK 2017 CFS volunteers give their all for others. When something happens to them, it’s our turn to give CFS Foundation – always there in a time of great need Although he claims he “just did what anyone would do”, young CFS volunteer Brad Dennis stands out for his bravery in facing great risks to help others who are in danger. More than a year after the devastating Pinery fire, its effects are still evident in the lives of many individuals and communities. Brad’s story of great courage and resilience reminds us of this. His story also demonstrates the clear need for the work of the CFS Foundation. Bushfires are a constant in South Australia, and we are well served by the selfless volunteers of the SACFS. However their service can at times come at great cost and they deserve our support in times of need. Brad, from Baroota and a member of the Port Germein brigade, suffered life threatening injuries in the Pinery fire. Family and friends have supported Brad at every step of his recovery. The CFS Foundation is proud to have contributed to the support offered to Brad as he undertakes his rehabilitation. Assisting volunteers in need, who have risked their lives for others, Brad Dennis is the core of the Foundation’s work. Please help – you can make a real difference Country Fire Service It’s inevitable that nature will again show us its almighty force in the future. CFS volunteers are always at the ready – 24/7, 365 days each year, placing their lives in danger Foundation to protect our communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Ameliorating Biodiversity in Australia After the 2019 Wildfires
    8th Campion School Model United Nations | 3rd – 4th October 2020 Committee: SPECON Topic: Ameliorating biodiversity in Australia after the 2019 wildfires Student Officer: Magdalini Lydia Stylidi Position: Deputy President Personal Introduction Dear delegates, My name is Lydia Stylidi, I am 16 years old and I am currently in Grade 11 at the Senior High School of Anavryta. This year I am honoured to be serving as Deputy President of the Special Conference at CSMUN. My experience in MUN has taught me not only to speak up, but also showed me how to advocate for views that did not always coincide with mine, a versatility and adaptability which is very important in our everyday lives. Many people, including myself, consider it a life-changing experience. I highly encourage all of you not to be afraid, but instead well-prepared to be able to contribute towards a fruitful debate in our committee. This study guide is designed to ameliorate your understanding of the issue while providing you with some basic but vital information on the topic. However, you should not solely rely on it but instead conduct further research on the topic. I would be more than glad to assist you if you come across any problems throughout your preparation. Please feel free to contact me : [email protected] Looking forward to meeting you all in October! Yours truly, Lydia Stylidi 1 CSMUN | SPECIAL CONFERENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT 8th Campion School Model United Nations | 3rd – 4th October 2020 Topic Introduction Many provinces of Australia constitute remarkable biodiversity hotspots, rendering the country popular among the global community, with Australia’s biodiversity simultaneously being an attractive spectacle but also a hotspot vulnerable to natural disasters such as wildfires.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Victoria's Bushfire Safety Policy
    VICTORIA’S BUSHFIRE SAFETY POLICY 1 Volume II: Fire Preparation, Response and Recovery 1 Victoria’s bushfire safety policy During the bushfires of January and February 2009 individuals and fire agencies made crucial decisions that affected many lives. These decisions were made in the context of a broad policy relating to bushfire safety, known colloquially as ‘stay or go’ but more accurately described as ‘prepare, stay and defend or leave early’. The Commission investigated how the stay or go policy performed under the extreme conditions of Black Saturday. Although its investigation brought to light shortcomings in the policy as it applied on that day, it also revealed elements of the policy that continue to be relevant. Each bushfire is unique in its point of ignition, speed and impact, and there is great variation in how individuals and communities plan for and respond to bushfires. The Commission considers that a more comprehensive policy is required—one that better accommodates the diversity of bushfires and human responses. This chapter looks at the changes necessary for fire agencies, communities and individuals. The human and environmental impact of fire is influenced by the way fire agencies and individuals respond and how a particular fire burns. On 7 February 2009 factors such as fuel loads, weaknesses in the responses of fire agencies and individuals, extreme weather conditions, and an environment predisposed (as a result of drought) to a catastrophic event combined to produce one of Australia’s worst natural disasters. Fierce fires such as those experienced on Black Saturday inevitably tested the stay or go policy, exposing its deficiencies—particularly in relation to severe weather, which is when the most serious fires can occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Assembly Weekly Book 2 Feb-Jun 2009
    PARLIAMENT OF VICTORIA PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY FIFTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT FIRST SESSION Wednesday, 25 February 2009 (Extract from book 2) Internet: www.parliament.vic.gov.au/downloadhansard By authority of the Victorian Government Printer The Governor Professor DAVID de KRETSER, AC The Lieutenant-Governor The Honourable Justice MARILYN WARREN, AC The ministry Premier, Minister for Veterans’ Affairs and Minister for Multicultural Affairs....................................................... The Hon. J. M. Brumby, MP Deputy Premier, Attorney-General, Minister for Industrial Relations and Minister for Racing........................................ The Hon. R. J. Hulls, MP Treasurer....................................................... The Hon. J. Lenders, MLC Minister for Regional and Rural Development, and Minister for Skills and Workforce Participation............................... The Hon. J. M. Allan, MP Minister for Health............................................... The Hon. D. M. Andrews, MP Minister for Community Development and Minister for Energy and Resources.................................................... The Hon. P. Batchelor, MP Minister for Police and Emergency Services, and Minister for Corrections................................................... The Hon. R. G. Cameron, MP Minister for Agriculture and Minister for Small Business.............. The Hon. J. Helper, MP Minister for Finance, WorkCover and the Transport Accident Commission, Minister for Water and Minister for Tourism and Major
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges to Response Operations of the 2009 Black Saturday Bushfires
    Challenges to response operations of the 2009 black Saturday bushfires Dr Richard Oloruntoba [email protected] Newcastle Business School, Faculty of Business & Law, University of Newcastle 1 University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Abstract The paper summarises operational issues contributing to high mortality during the “Black Saturday” bushfire disaster of 7th February 2009; and highlights emergency and disaster operations management implications. The paper is an outcome of research undertaken as part of a larger PhD project that utilised document and content analysis supplemented with face to face interviews with senior incident commanders. The research found that: poor information and communication, unusual fire behaviour and ambiguous evacuation policy were key challenges in emergency and disaster response operations. Further research into early warning risk communication, situation awareness and evacuation policy and logistics to reduce mortality is required. Keywords: disaster operations; humanitarian operations; humanitarian logistics Introduction Disasters threaten societies everywhere in the world. While there is great variety in the way disaster operations and management is organized in different countries and different parts of the same nation, operational difficulties contributing to mortality and loss often appear to be similar across large scale disaster and emergency response operations. This paper summarises the key challenges to the Victoria State emergency and disaster response operations during the “Black Saturday” bushfires of February 7th, 2009 in Australia in which 173 persons perished (Victoria Bushfires Royal Commission of Enquiry 2009). The rest of the paper is structured as follows: the next section provides a brief overview of key bushfire and emergency operations literature. This is followed by a summary of the history of bushfires in the state of Victoria in Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • FORGED with FLAMES ANN FOGARTY Ann Fogarty Was Born in Lancashire, England in 1950 and Graduated As a Nursery Nurse in 1968
    FORGED WITH FLAMES ANN FOGARTY Ann Fogarty was born in Lancashire, England in 1950 and graduated as a nursery nurse in 1968. After marrying an Australian in 1970 she came to Australia under the “Ten Pound Pom” scheme, and settled in Berwick before moving to Upper Beaconsfield 3 years later. She worked in the kindergarten in Beaconsfield for 5 years. On 16th February in 1983, exactly 30 years ago, she was caught up in the Ash Wednesday bushfires that cut great swathes of devastation through Victoria and South Australia. She was hit by a massive fireball while protecting her two young daughters from the firestorm raging out of control through the bushland surrounding their house, sustaining serious burns to 85% of her body. She was the only survivor of the Ash Wednesday fires with this degree of trauma. Her daughters escaped without injury. She is now the proud mother of two adult daughters and four grandchildren, and lives on the outskirts of Melbourne, Australia. ANNE CRAWFORD Anne Crawford is a Victorian author and journalist. She worked as a feature writer on The Age and The Sunday Age for many years. Anne researched a documentary in South Africa about the historic post-apartheid elections in 1994, and acted as a volunteer in Nepal for three months documenting the work of the Fred Hollows Foundation in words and photos. She is a published and exhibited photographer. Anne has previously co-authored two books: Shadow of a Girl (Penguin 1995) and Doctor Hugh, My Life with Animals (Allen & Unwin 2012); and contributed to Through Other Eyes (Pan Macmillan 2002).
    [Show full text]