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PUBLIC OPEN SPACE/ MAJOR FACILITIES & INSTITUTIONS/ DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
MAY 1991
~NiNG AND EPA liBRARY
If you have any comments on this Working Paper, or would like to receive copies of the draft strategy. policies and actions being prepared for this topic in coming months, please write to:
The Manager Planning and Environment City of Hawthorn 360 Burwood Road (PO Box 168) HAWTHORN Vic 3122
The closing date for comnients on the Working Papers is Friday, 5 July 1991.
711.4 HawthornJs·plann~ng 099451 Renaissance worklng HAW paper Wkp. 3 copy 2 Prepared for the Residential and Commercial Topic Group:
Councillor Jane Nathan (Chair) Councillor John McGuire Councillor Elizabeth Lyons Councillor John Lewin Mr Gordon Edgar, Department of Planning & Housing Ms Sally Gluyas, Community Representative Mr Neil Burgess, Community Representative Ms Genevieve Coghlan, Community Representative Mr Noel McKernan, Community Representative Mr Julian West, Manager Community Services Mr Michael Scott, Manager Planning and Environment Ms Susan Ross, Strategic Planner PAGE NO.
9 OPEN SPACE 4
9.1 HAWTHORN'S PUBLIC OPEN SPACE 4
9.2 ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC OPEN SPACE IN HAWTHORN 8
9.3 THE RANGE OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN HAWTHORN 14
9.4 THE COST OF OPEN SPACE 19
9.5 METROPOLITAN POLICY CONTEXT . 21
10 MAJOR FACILITIES/INSTITUTIONS 22
10.1 INSTITUTIONS IN HAWTHORN 22
10.2. THE ISSUES 24
10.3 COUNCIL'S ROLE .27
11 DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES 30
11.1 . DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN HAWTHORN 30
REFERENCES 35 PAGE NO.
TABLE 9.1 TOTAL PUBLIC OPEN SPACE HAWTHORN AND NEIGHBOURING LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS 1986 4
TABLE 9.2 SPECIFIC PUBLIC OPEN SPACE AND RECREATION RESOURCES PER 1000 POPULATION - HAWTHORN 1990 5
TABLE 9.3 SUPPLY OF PLAYING FIELDS PER 1000 POPULATION HAWTHORN AND NEIGHBOURING LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS (1979) 8
TABLE 9.4 INVENTORY OF HAWTHORN'S PUBLIC OPEN SPACE BY RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY 1991 15
TABLE 9.5 MUNICIPAL OPEN SPACE MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT EXPENDITURES 1977-1978 20
!u«'::P:]~t
"MAP 9.1 PUBLIC OPEN SPACE WITHIN HAWTHORN 7
MAP 9.2 STREETS WITH 0.5KM OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: CROSSING MAJOR ROADS 10
MAP 9.3 STREETS WITHIN 0.5KM OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: NO CROSSING OF MAJOR ROADS 11
MAP 9.4 LOCATION OF DWELLING TYPES IN HAWTHORN 13
MAP 9.5 LOCATION OF RESTRICTED/UNRESTRICTED RECREATIONAL FACILITIES IN HAWTHORN 16
MAP 9.6 LOCATION OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL OPEN SPACE RECREATIONAL. OPEN SPACE. AREAS WITHIN HAWTHORN 18
MAP 10.1 MAJOR FACILITIES/INSTITUTIONS IN HAWTHORN 23
MAP 10.2 LOSS OF HOUSING STOCK AROUND SWINBURNE 26
. MAP 10.3 ZONING OF MAJOR FACILITIES/INSTITUTIONS IN HAWTHORN 28
MAP 11.1 LOCATION OF SITES WITH DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN HAWTHORN 33
MAP 11.2 POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF SUPERMARKET FACILITY IN GLENFERRIE ROAD SHOPPING CENTRE 34 OPEN SPACE
Although the total amount ofpublic open space per person is relatively. low in 'Hawthorn, there is a good supply of local parks in most neighbourhoods. TIle Council's ultimate uim is chut everyone should live within half a kilometre of a local park.
TIle balance that people want between different kinds of open space is less cel1aill. TIle aJ1lolllic of space provided for active recreation as against passive "siuing alld strollillg" recreatioll is olle
question. Another is whether the provision for active recreation other thall orgallised teall; SpOI1S is sufficient.
Have we provided an appropriate balance of different killds of opell space' ill Hawchorn:;
110 pen Space is highly valued by virtually all urban residents. Parks provide settillgs for a wide range of outdoor recreation activities, as well as peaceful refuge from the pressures of cicy life. They protect natural and historic features, wildlife habitats and flood plaills, alld call be buffers between conflicting land uses. Parks can enhance almost any urball landscape: ilTespec!ive of whether residents use parks for recreation, nearly all would-agree that parks are illvaluable assecs and a great source of community pride". (Melbourne'S Open Space Plan, 1988)
When Hawthorn is compared with Kew for example, (Refer TABLE 9.1) the public open space provision in relation to total population is inferior.
TABLE 9.1
TOTAL PUBLI-C OPEN SPACE-HAWTHORN AND KEW 1986
HAWIliORN KEW CAMBERWELL MALVERN PRAHRAN
Total Open Space, ha 81 317 312 162 60
Open Space as Proportion of total municipal area 8.2% 21.9% 8.7% 10% 5.2%
Open Space, Ha Per 1000 Population 2.73ha 1l.2ha 3.72ha 3.87ha 1.16ha
Note: "Public Open Space" is deflned as normally accessible recreational areas whether Council-controlled or otherwise.
Source: 1986 Census Data - ABS
4 However, it must be noted that the majority of Kew's open space is made up of Studley Park Reserve, which is part of a regional network of open space.
TABLE 9.2
S PEe I Fie PUB Lie 0 PEN SPA C E AN 0 R E eRE A TI 0 N RES OU R C E'S PER ... _------_ ..... _--_ ..... _------_ ...... _-- ...... _-_ ..... _------.. __ .... _--_ ... _----_ ...... _-_ ... ------.. --...... _------...... _------... _------1000 POPULATION-HAWTHORN 1990
TOTAL POPULATION 1990 - 30-500
Reserve 1.647 Ovals .368 Croquet .033 Hockey Fields .10 Tennis Centres .10 Golf - Public Golf - Private Bowls Centres .203 Bowls .338 Swimming Pools .033 Cycle Tracks .033 Rifle Range .033
TABLE 9.2 shows Hawthorn's provision within specific categories.
The following observations are made: • although overall supply of open space relative to population is low, Hawthorn's provision of small reserves is good. • there is a good supply of ovals for organised sport • the specific difference in its overall supply is in the lack of extensive open spaces of the scale of Studley Park in Kew.
THE SUPPLY OF SMALL RESERVES
The provision of public open space throughout Hawthorn is generally in the form of a large number of small areas. (King, Pike, Seddon, 1979)
The Middle Ring Suburb (1979) states as-follows:
5 "The small reserves occulTing frequently and ojlell IIIze.tpectedly ill Hawthorn help to deJ/lle its character and identity. 77zey complement the architectztral I'ariety (ill terms of dlvel/illg sizes, allotment sizes, architectural styles) alld the vGliety alld complexity of tlte street :,ystelll (street layout and widths), variety in planting and ill openness and elzc!osure. Slowly bllf surely, this complexity should be enhanced through a conscious policy of enhiJllcing the variety and differences between reserves, and their contrast with their surroundings. "
This type of open space however, is not evenly distributed throughout the municipality. Pockets exist along the river with a substantial provision east of Church Street; along Gardiners Creek between Auburn and Glenferrie Roads, with the Auburn Quarry Site an'd Rose Street Tip Site providing 10.76 hectares of open space between them. (Refer MAP 9.1).
THE UNDER SUPPLY OF LARGE AREAS
The Middle Ring Suburb document states in relation to Hawthorn's supply of large areas:
"There is a relatively extensive opell space area along Gardiners Creek; and there are a few areas whose I'isual complexity illvites exploratioll ill a manner similar to that of large areas (examples being Pridmore Park alld Yan:a Bank Reserve adjoining the Yarra River); .alld there are some local reserves that are just large enough to allow a variety of different unstructured activities. "
In addition, the undersupply of large are'as has to a certain degree been addressed by the . addition of the Auburn Quarry Site (not owned by Council) and the Rose Street Tip Site. (Refer MAP 9.1)
THE SUPPLY OF OVALS/PLAYING FIELDS
As stated previously, Hawthorn has a good supply of ovals for organised sport. They are listed as follows: • H. A. Smith Reserve • Burke Road South Reserve • Victoria Road Reserve • Rathmipes Road Reserve • St James Park • Power Street Reserve • Fairview Park • Wallen Street Reserve
6 ------
MAP 9.1
orr Q~ KEW
OTY OF RIOfMOHa
_ Public Open Space
CITY OF ~ HAWTHORN.
N l'
7 r------
• Anderson Street Reserve • Patterson Reserve • Auburn Quarry
The Middle Ring Suburb document (1979) stated that Hawthorn had an e; TABLE 9.3 SUPPLY OF PLAYING FIELDS PER 1000 POPULATION FACILITY HAWTHORN KEW CAMBERWELL MALVERl'i I'RAHRAN Ovals (including hockey fields) .364 .111 .147 .060 .225 ':~\~' . '\::' Half a kilometre is seen as a reasonable upper limit to the distance that one should have t~ walk to get a toddler to a playground for example. (King, Pike, Seddon, 1979) .;...... This approach was adopted in the Middle Ring Suburb Document (1979). The map has been updated to reflect the new open space areas, however the areas with relatively poor accessibility are still largely consistent with the areas identified in 1979. • Most significant is a large crescent through the middle of the City, from the Manningtree and Wattle Road area west of Glenferrie Road, through the central area around Riversdale Road to Burke Road around Pleasant Road. This underslipplied area has not changed significantly with the introduction of the Rose Street Tip'site and the Auburn Quarry, however has been reduced with the addition of Scullin Park. The report states however, that much of this area is characterised by detached houses on medium sized blocks of land,. so that private open space partly compensates for the absence of public open space. There are large concentrations of flats however, in the vicinity of Riversdale Road. • Two areas along and adjoining Barkers Road are qistant from public open space : The area between Power Street and Glenferrie Road; and the area around Auburn Road, facing Carey Grammar. The former area again, is a flats area. 8 • An area in east Hawthorn around the intersection of Burwood and Burke Roads was identified in the 1979 study. The undersupply of public open space in this area has to a certain degree been addressed by the Rose Street Tip Site. • An area in south-east Auburn, around Burke, Clifton and Toorak Roads was also identified in the 1979 study as being distant from publiC open space. Again, this has been addressed to some degree by the redevelopment of the Auburn Quarry site. Underlying MAP 9.2 however, is the assumption that small children and mothers with toddlers can or should cross busy roads with heavy trafflc to access local open space areas. In short, access to local public open space should not be severed by traffic. (King Pike, Seddon 1979) If the assumption of MAP 9.3 is changed to show access to open space without crossing major roads then the picture of areas with poor access to public open space is worse. (Tooronga Road, Glenferrie Road and the remainder of Burke Road are included as major roads). These areas are as follows: • The area bounded by Power Street, Burwood, Auburn and Riversdale Roads - the centre of the municipality - has no open space and accessibility to none. The Middle Ring Study Document (1979) states that much of this area is a flats area with' the great majority of households having no access to private open space. • The area below Riversdale Road and to the west of Auburn Road - the northern part of Scotch College Hill- is distant from Gardiners Creek parks and isolated from any other. Again. there are concentrations of flats, particularly along Riversdale Road. • The area south of Riversdale Road between Auburn and Burke, however the Auburn Quarry Site has alleviated this situation slightly, to the extent that properties in Fairmont Road and to the south, now have open space in close proximity to them. • The triangle between Burwood, Camberwell and Burke Roads has no open space. The Middle Ring Document (1979) states that this areas stock of detached houses is characterised by small allotments and hence a scarcity of private open space. These areas do have good rear lanes however, which provide a resource. • North of Burwood Road and west of Burke Road is a further area that is both distant from Victoria Road Reserve and isolated from Rathmines Road Reserve and Sir William Angliss Reserve. 9 MAP 9.2 STREETS WITHIN O.SKM OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: ------_ ...... _------_ ..... _------... _- ...... _------..... _------C R 0 S SIN G M A J 0 R R·O ADS CITY OF KEW "..---- CITY Of' RICHMOND CITY Of' MAl.V£AN II Public Open Space Area within O.Skm CITY OIjHAWTHORN ~OOmetr&: 10 MAP 9.3 STREETS WITHIN O.SKM OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: ... _------_ .. _-- .. _------_ ... _------_ ...... _------_ ... _------.. _------.. NO CROSSING OF MAJOR ROADS ------_ ...... _----_ ...... _- ...... _------_ ...... _------_ ..... _------_ ... _------.. CITY OF KEW CITY OF RICHMONO em a. "",,"vEAH II Public Open Space Area within O.Skm It CITY OF HAWTHORN ~OOmetr 11 The study states that there are. also quiet streets and lanes, which could be improved for childrens' use. In the Middle ,Ring Suburb Document (1979) accessibility to public open space was Jlso analysed in terms of individuals access to private open space, i.e. backyards. The report stated that detached houses, terrace houses and town h'ouses have direct Jccess to some private open space, but residential flats generally do not. Therefore, the incidence of flats gives a clue to the need for and dependence on public open space. MAP 9.4 shows the location of all dwelling types, including flats in relation to public open space areas. .~. The pattern of flat development in Hawthorn can be commented on as follows: :,' • There is a significant amount of flats in Hawthorn, in 1986, 45.7% of Hawthorn's housing, stock was made up of flats. (This figure however, does include town houses, units which" ~ !:: J' may have their own private open space). • The largest "flat belt" is in West Hawthorn adjacent to the river and in areas un both sides", of Riversdale Road. There is a lesser concentration along the eastern half of Riversdale ' Road. • The second large flatted area is between Burwood and Barkers Road, west of Auburn;: Road. It is not uniform however, and includes a contrasting area of generally very small· detached houses on small allotments around Churchill Grove and Johnson Street. • Further concentrations are east of Auburn Road below Burwood Road, around Burke Road south of Rathmines Road and again around Burke Road, south of Burwood Road. The Middle Ring Suburb Document (1979) goes on to state as follows: "The great concentration of detached houses is in tile sou til-east. Further areas ocwr somewhat discontinuously throughout the northem part of tile municipality, although it should be observed that in many such areas the houses are sin all, as are their supplies of private open space. It should further be observed that some flats occur in virll/ally all pam of the municipality. So in one sense, tile need for public open space is ubiquitous '" for barbeques, sunbathing, jogging, places to shelter from the wind and enjoy winter Slill. And as 12 MAP 9.4 LOCATION OF DWELLING TYPES IN HAWTHORN . ------.. ------...... _------_ .. ------_ .. --- -_ .... ------...... -.. ------..... ------...... _..... _--_ ...... _--- crT'r""_ Distribution of Housing Types • Flat OVilla / Town House ... Row House, Duplex Do Flat within house • P'ublic Open Space CITY OF HAWTHORN' 1 ~vmbol ~ 5 dwellinas 13 houses are likewise ubiquitous, so is the Ileed for those fonns of opell space to complemellt private open space ... , for children to kick a ball aroulld, for flyillg a kite, joggillg alld so Oil . ... Certainly the size and characteristics of Ope1l spaces should differ from place to place, as the population characteristics and the compositioll of the dwe//ifig stock differ from place 10 place ... as does topography, aspect, Ileighbourillg activities, etc. Accessibility should be ullifonnly convelliellt howe~'er." Providing an adequate quantity of open space is important, but planning must also ensure that open space is of a high quality and meets the needs of those who use it, and those who would like to in the future. In essence an acceptable balance between passive and acti~~ and informal .and formal open space areas needs to be agreed upon by Council and the comn;i~nity. Within Melbourne's Open Space Plan (1988) it is stated as follows: "The Government is committed to providillg as wide a rallge of open space ellvirollmellts alld experiences as possible, to meet the diverse needs of different groups with ill the commllility." Therefore, an open space system should cater for a wide range of recreational opportunities, such as quiet places for relaxation and passive activities, places for active recreation for both ( sexes and a cross-section of age groups, and places for casual recreation for people to c:njoy the outdoors with friends or family. pU\NNING AND EPA lIBAARY The- following TABLE 9.4 provides an inventory of Hawthorn's open space areas by the recreational opportunity offered. Out of the 27 open space areas shown, 19 have playgrounds (70%) and 9 have ovals for organised sport (33%). In addition, MAP 9.5 shows the location of these facilities and w~ether they are restricted, i.e. controlled entry/access or unrestricted, i.e able to be used or accessed without restriction. Following on from this, in terms· of classification, certain broad categories of recreational activities and facilities are generally recognised. (Patmore 1970) Distinction is made between active and passive pursuits, formal and informal pursuits and facilities. Active pursuits involve 14 TABLE 9.4 INVENTORY OF HAWTHORN'S PUBLIC OPEN SPACE ------_ .... ------BY RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY ------.. 75 . ~. Pridmore Park Creswick Street Reserve Smart Street Reserve Native Plants Grace Park Glenferrie Oval Central Gardens Victoria Road Reserve Angliss West Hawthorn Fairview Park Yarra Bank Reserve Harrison Crescent Mason Street Fashoda Street Wallen Street Rose Street TIp Anderson Street Cato Park Auburn Quarry Burke Road South HA Smith Reserve Morang Road Reserve Urquart Street (Apian) Swinburne Avenue Patterson Reserve Elphin Grove Hull Street 15 ,------ MAP 9.5 ~~Q_~_~_!_!_Q_~___ 9_~ ___ ~_~_~_!_~__ I_.9 __ T_~_P_L~_~_~~~ _~_!_~_~_~_!_~_g R E eRE A TI 0 N A L F A C I LI TI E SW I T H I N HAWTHORN arrop~ CITY OF HAWTHORN N i Restricted • Playground R A Bandstand/Pavillion/Grandstand 0 Oval * BBQ + Rifle Range • Garden V Veledrome Y Rowing Club 16 strenuous participation, such as football and golf; passive pursuits make far fewer physical demands such as picnics or sitting in a park. Additionally, formal pursuits and facilities require a certain measure of organisation best exemplified by team sports and playing fields and informal pursuits are essentially unorganised and individual, such as walking and camping. Formal pursuits tend to require specialised faciliti~s and areas, whereas informal pursuits make less specific demands. For example, kicking a football in an open park area could be classified as an active pursuit in an informal area, whilst playing a game of football on a playing field would be categorised as an active purs,uit in it formal area. Additionally, sitting by the side of an oval could be described as a passive pursuit within a formal area. Therefore, passive and active pursuits arc concepts describing the degree of physical exertion required in any recreational activity whereas informal and formal pursuits can be best described by the. facilities which are used such as ovals, parks or playgrounds. MAP 9.6 shows the location of all formal and informal open space areas. It can be seen that there are a number of reserves which have informal areas within them, where both passive and active informal pursuits can take place. In relation to the supply of playing fields in Hawthorn, the Middle Ring Suburb Document (1979) stated as follows: "We believe that such pressure [to increase the supply of playing fields], should be resisted, for two principal reasons. First, the present supply is good relative to other mWlicipaiities. Secondly, there is a strong trend in Melbourne away from organised team sports alld towards individual and pair sports (golf, tennis, squash, cycling, swimming etc). 77le /lew RecreUlio/l Centre will make a useful contribution towards some of these activities. 77lere is also a move towards less fonnal recreation (craft, walking, unorganised atlz/etics etc). These are activities for which Hawthorn is relatively poorly provided, as it lacks e.ttensive areas for wlOrgallised and passive recreation activities." .The development of the Rose Street Tip Site which is designed to be a passive recreation area (adjoining the Swinburne Technical School hockey ground, which was handed over to Swinburne by Council in return for a parcel of land to the south;east of their site, which is now used for storage) will contribute significantly to the passive recreation needs of Hawthorn's 17 r------ MAP 9.6 L 0 CAT ION. 0 F FOR MAL AND I N FOR MAL R E C REA T ION A L ------.... __ ...... _--- ... ---_ ..... _------_ ... _------_ ...... __ .. _--- ...... _------... _------OPEN SPACE AREAS WITHIN HAWTHORN --- ... _---- .. _... _------.. ----_ ..... _------... ------_ .. _------ CtTY 0' KEW crTY OP RICHMOND a1Y0I1 ...... ,.. ~ Formal Area ·11 Informal Area CITY OF HAWTHORN N i ~600 metres 18 residents in the future. There will continue to be however" increased pressure in the future to use Hawthorn's open space areas for organised sporting activities, given the nature of sporting clubs and the rising and falling relative popularities of different sports. The Middle Ring Suburb document (1979) states that the choice of strategy in public policy and the order of priority to be given to different strategies is indeed a decision that the Council and the community have to make. The report goes on to state that: "the best approach may therefore be not to concelZlrate resources ill areas Ivhere disadvantaged groups are concentrated, but to design resources with the greatest possible variety or flexibility so that they can be 'genera//y' used, rather than be used ollly by some group that may be spatia//y concentrated in that area. " The Middle Ring Suburb pocument (1979) devoted a chapter to the costs of open space and how it is paid for. The report states as follows: "Most of Hawthorn's parks and gardens and streets - though certainly not all o/them - were 'provided' some 'time ago. Older residents with good memories may recall that {he most significant parks were generally donated by their previous, private owners rather {han purchased by the community through its Council. The provision of such facilities may therefore seem to cost nothing, although such an impression could not be more mistaken ... public open space has a 'foregolle opportullity' cost (it could as well be used for hOl/sing or for factories), and represents a vast community illv~stment. As well as that opportullity cost, there is an annual cost associated with maintenance and improvement, alld of course this is more clearly revealed and more easily measured. " The Middle Ring Suburb Document (1979) looked at the comparable cost of open space maintenance and improvement between Hawthorn and four other local areas, namely : Camberwell, Malvern, Prahran and Kew. (Initial research has also been undertaken to update these figures.) 19 The study states that a municipality's expenditure. on open space normally includes maintenance and improvement of public open spaces under Council's jurisfication. An analysis of these expenditure patterns helps to shed some light on the differences between local govenrment areas. (Refer TABLE 9.5) -T A B L E 9.5 MUNICIPAL OPEN SPACE MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT EX PEN D I·T U RES 1 977 - 7 8 HAWTHORN CAMBERWELL MALVE;RJ"I PRAHRAN KEW Gross Parks and Gardens expenditure, 1977-78 377,000 864,020 490,500 377,000 323,310 Less golf courses 125,000 79,000 swimming pools 33,950 Adjusted Parks and Gardens expenditure 377,000 1,076,103 502,700 377,000 289,360 as proportion of untied revenue 10.40% 12.10% 13.88% 5.38% 10.39% Expenditure per person 11.46 11.97 10.61 7.62 9.33 Open space per 1000 persons, ha 1.70 3.19 2.82 0.71 1.85 Expenditure per ha 6,732 3,752 3,757 10,741 5,032 Maintenance and improvement personnel 27 82 46 30 19 Personnel per ha 0.48 0.29 0.34 0.85 0.33 Note: Data on parks and gardens expenditures and personnel from Councils. Data for Prahran are budgeted amounts rather than expenditures. The following comments are made: • Expenditure per hectare is perhaps the most revealing statistic : it correlates negatively With the level of open space supply (measured as open space per 1000 persons) as might be expected. 20 • Poor supply leads to intensity of use and intensity of use requires high maintenance, Thus Prahran with the poorest supply required the highest level of maintenance and received it. Camberwell and Malvern, with the best overall supply, require a lower level of maintenance. Hawthorn is between these extremes,. medium in terms of supply and medium in level of expenditure. • Correspondingly, labour inputs into maintenance and improvements are highest In Prahran (measured as persons per hectare), lowest in Camberwell and Malvern (and Kew) and somewhere between the extremes in Hawthorn. • Relative to total untied revenue, the biggest spender seems to be Malvern, followed by Cambe'rwell. Hawthorn and Kew are well behind. In 1988, the then Ministry for Planning and Environment, published a Metropolitan Open Space Plan. Its main aims were as follows: • increase the amount of open space to provide a range of recreational opportunities for future generations. • link existing and proposed open spaces to provide a metropolitan wide network for non motorised recreational use. • achieve a more equitable distribution and improve the accessibility of public open space, paying particular attention to areas relatively deprived of open space: These objectives must form the framework of any policy formulated at a local level. A strategy for open space needs to address the cost benefits involved in providing addition~l open sp~ce and improving open space facilities in Hawthorn and; what priority open space spending will take. In addition, the Council and the community need to agree on what is an appropriate balance between active and passive and formal and informal open space areas. Following on from this, [he question of whether there is sufticient diversity within the active areas to cater for all the needs of the community, including gender needs and the needs of specific age groups has to be asked. Finally, ways of improving and enhancing the appearance and functions, of passive/informal open space areas should be investigated. 21 One of the features of living in Hawthom is the presellce of well-kllowll. illStil1ltiOllS sllch as Swillbume, Grace Park Tennis Club, and the Hawthom Football Club, mallY of which have become importallt parts of our local identity. Some of us live or work with one of these institutions as all immediate Ileighbou;. Oftell there are benefits to parts of the community from this, such as the trade ill Glellferne Road shops from Swinbume. III some cases there are problems, such as parkillg. How do our major institutions contribute to life in Hawthom? What are the collsequellces of living, working or running a business close to one of them? Hawthorn has a large number of major facilities and institutions located within it. These major facilities (Refer MAP 10.1) include the educational establishments. Hawthorn has eight kindergartens, eleven primary schools and seven secondary schools. A large proportion of these schools are private institutions. In addition, Hawthorn has a senior technical school, and two tertiary institutions namely, Swinburne and Hawthorn Institute. There are twenty-two churches and nine hotels. There are also a number of sporting clubs such as the Grace Park Tennis Club, Hawthorn Football Club and the Anderson Road Tennis Centre. Within this large number of institutions in Hawthorn however, only some cause problems or raise issues that need to be addressed. Where the issues are complex, special agreements and in some cases masterplans for future development need to be agreed upon by Council and the institution in question. 22 MAP 10.1 CITY OF HAWTHORN ',,-'\. ~" Hotel '* School/KlndergardenjTertlary Institution • Church 1!i Sporting Club 23 There are a number of issues surrounding some of the major facilities and inslilutions 111 Hawthorn. These can be categorized as follows: PARKING Due to space constraints the majority of institutions and major facilities located in Hawthorn have limited parking on site. This often leads to conflict· between users groups, in particular conflict with residents who wish to park close to their home. Swinburne College in Burwood Road causes parking and traffic problems as a result of students driving to college and competing for car parking spaces. During the school year there is a very high demand for on-street car parking within a radius of '; -.,.~~ ~ " approximately SOOm of Swinburne. (As far south as Urquhart Street and asJar north as Haines, . ;;;E -L and Bell Street). This is the result of inadequate parking spaces provided by Swinburne for ,:,. staff and students and the very limited off-street parking provided by business and retail;; premises in the area for staff or customers. The area is well serviced by public transport. There are train, tram and bus services into the area. Despite this, the greater portion of people prefer to use the motor car. This is. ~; particularly noticeable to residents in the evenin~ when the majority return home from work and have to compete for on-street parking with night school students. There are public car parks east of Glenferrie Road between Liddiard and Wakefield Streets. The car park is meant for customers to Glenferrie Road although the southern end in particular is utilised by Swinburne students and retailers. On the west side of Glenferrie Road there is Linda Crescent car park, which is used by shoppers and visitors to the Recreation Centre. South of Glenferrie railway station there is a car park off Serpell's Lane, which is heavily used by Swinburne students. All these car parks have time restrictions ranging from 2 to 4 hours limit. There is a pay car park south of Burwood Road between the Town Hall and Oxley Road. The cost is $2.80 per day and it is seldom full. Another car park is situated at Swinburne Avenue serving the Tennis and Bowling clubs. It is partly restricted for club members and is heavily used by staff from surrounding business premises and Swinburne students. 24 Swinburne students are directed to an unmade car park at the rear of Glenferrie Oval. This area is heilVily used. There is also a recently constructed car park between Hawthorn Football Social Club and Allendale Hospital. This car park was a joint construction by the above two organisations and Council. It is heavily used for all day parking by Swinburne students and . Glenferrie Road.traders. Restrictions are planned to cater for social club and hospital visitors .. The surrounding residential streets have a. variety of parking restrictions. The three most common restrictions are (1) Unrestricted (2) 2 hour parking 9.00am - S.OOpm Mon-Fri Authorised Residents Excepted and (3) No Parking S.OOpm - 9am Mon-Sun Authorised Residents Excepted. There is a limitation as to what can be done to overcome the lack of business and retail off street parking. Separate rate schemes are available for car parks but the need for agreements amongst all parties, the availability of land and the widespread locations all limit the opportunities. Swinburne offers possibly a greater opportunity as it is one organisation within a definite area. A multi storey car park close to Swinburne would greatly alleviate the problems, but this is not a short· term solution. Swinburne has prepared a Masterplan which addresses the parking situation in the long term. This plan is currently being dicussed between Council and Swinburne. LOSS OF RESIDENTJAL HOUSING STOCK Another problem relates to the buying up of surrounding residential properties by institutions to accommodate future expansion proposals. For example, Scotch College has purchased properties in Morrison Street which are zoned Residential C. (It is proposed in the long term to convert these spaces to car parking.) MAP 10.2 shows the number of residential properties surrounding Swinburne which have been lost to campus expansion. It must be noted however, that the zoning of some of these properties is not for residential purposes. ACCESS Some of the larger institutions, due to the amount of land area they occupy, can create barriers. For instance, the strategy plan needs to address the development of a through-site link within Swinburne to possibly link Burwood and Glenferrie Roads. 25 MAP 10.2 LOSS OF HOUSING STOCK AROUND SWINBURNE .... _---- ...... _------...... --- ..... _------... _... _-- .... _-.------.. _------... _------ Rly. 5 Swinburne ~ H<;luse Lost~ car parking I!:J House LasH office g:J House Lost.. park _ House Lost-. Swinburne 26 BUILT FORM IMPACT The design of non-residential buildings when they abutt residential areas can cause problems, if there is no buffer of tr~es or substantial set backs. Due to the scale of commercial buildings for example; problems can occur with overlooking and overshadowing. For example, Bialek College in Shakespeare Grove has caused problems due to the erection of a cyclont:: wire fence which detrimentally affected the streetscape. In addition, the design and development of Swinburne College has had a substantial impact in .an urban design sense on the surrounding streetscapes. M~p 10.3 shows the zonings of the major facilities in Hawthorn. They are summarised as follows: S C H 0 0 L SAN 0 T E R T I A R YIN S. TIT UTI 0 N S Government and Private Schools have their own specific reservations, however are usually surrounded by residential zones. The largest private schools in Hawthorn are Scotch College and Bialik College with the largest government schools being John Gardiner High School and Swinburne Primary and High School. Any extensions, building or works, including car parking require planning permits. SPORTING CLUBS Hawthorn Football Club and Auburn South Bowling Club are probably the largest sporting clubs in the m~cipality. Reservations cover their property with planning permits required for building or works. Grounds used by most clubs are public reserves requiring planning permits for buildings or works although private clubs such as tennis clubs are often on land zoned Residential C. In this zone they do require permits for building or works. KINUEHGARDENS These are usually located in Residential C zones requiring a planning permit for use, development and building works. 27 i ! ' I I I i ' MAP 10.3, IN HAWTHORN OTY OF KEW CITY OF RJC:IIMOHI) 'CITY OF HAWTHORN, N i .Existing Public Open Space ,~ Proposed Public Open Space ~ Primary School ~esidential C Zone , \01 Special Us'e Zone No.2 : Urban Conservation· Residential Zone No.1 ::£ District Centre Camberwell Zone ... Light Industrial Zone == Secondary School " Ministry of Education + Local Government :-l-Restricted Light Industrial Zone Ji. Extractive Industrial Zone "Technical School ~ Local Business Zone 28 CHURCHES Most churches in Hawthorn are in Residential C zones with existing use rights. However, they require planning permits for any change of use, building or works. HOTELS All hotels except the Whitehorse at 5 Burwood Road are in commercial zones. The Whitehorse is in a Residential C zone and has existing use rights. Permits are required for extensions of the use, building or works. I n addition to their statutory controls, Council should attempt to liaise with the Institutions where problems exist. For example, Scotch CoUege now has a masterplan for future campus expansion and is liaising with Council on various proposals. In addition, as stated previously, Swinburne College has also prepared a masterplan and is currently discussing this with Council. 29 o EVE LOP MEN TOP P 0 R TUN I T IE S Development sites, and vacant or undentsed buildings, sometimes provide oppoltZlIlities for redevelopment or re-use that could meet coml1lllllity as well as developer objectives. For example, a smaller site such as a service station, or a larger site such as one of our two tram depOfs, might become available for redevelopment or re-use in the future. In such cases, the Council can act to encourage a desirable development, e~len thollgh it does /lot own the land. It can do this by preparing guidelines, and negotiating with the oWller or developer. Ulhat strategies should we have in place to deal with "opportunity" sites if they become available? Planning at local government level has tended to be reactionary and regulatory in its JPproach i.e. Councils have reacted to proposals as they are put forward by developers. Council however, can take a more proactive role In planning and facilitate desirable developments on specific targeted sites. There are a number of sites within Hawthorn, which currently are available or may become available'in the future for redevelopment. Having identified certain opportunities, Council could "package proposals" or provide guidelines for development of these specific sites. MAP 11.1 shows the location of sites within Hawthorn which may offer redevelopment potential either currently or in the future. An example of a site where a development brief has been prepared is the Wallen Road Tram Depot. (Refer MAP 11.1). This site which is currently owned by the Melbourne Transit Authority contains a building which is listed on the Historic Buildings Registt:r. The sile is currently not being used and it may come onto the market in the future. It is also noted that Meldrum Burrows Consultants have investigated possible development options for the site. Council could act as a catalyst by packaging proposals and guidelines jointly with the Transit Authority, with the aim of achieving desirable development on the site. 30 Another example is the Tower Hotel site in Camberwell/Burwood Road. (Refer MAP 11.1). A planning scheme amendment has been approved with office use in the hotel building and offices and a motel on the land opposite. If Council had prepared guidelines for this site, specifying development constraints and opportunities for the site, the outcome of the panel hearing may have been different. In the vicinity of Camberwell Junction a number of sites exist with development potential, namely: (Refer MAP 11.1) • Henleys - 474 - 478 Riversdale Road • D aIld J Evans - Camberwell Road • Thomson Land • Yunghanns Land • Tram Depot - Camberwell Road . • Rivoli Cinema - Camberwell Road • Council Depot Site - 97 Camberwell Road The potential of these sites is being investigated through the Structure Plan being prepared for Camberwell Junction. It is envisaged that preferred development options for these sites will be decided upon as part of the Structure Plan. There are certain types of sites within Hawthorn which may become available for development in the future. For example, a number of service station sites exist within Hawthorn. (Refer MAP 11.1) A pattern has existed generally across the metropolitan area where service station sites have become available for redevelopment. (Possibly as a result of rationalization by oil companies.) 'In addition, a number of service station uses have also been intensified to now include convenience facilities which often open 24 hours per day and which also sell petrol. Council needs to recognize the development potential of these sites and formulate policies and guidelines to guide desirable redevelopment of such sites. A slightly different approach for looking at development opportunities would be for Council to actively seek out appropriate sites for certain desired developments. 31 For example, The Wilson Sayer Core Study for Glenferrie Road indicated that a substantial supermarket facility should be. located in the centre to provide a major focus. The report identified two sites as possible locations for the supermarket. (Refer MAP 11.2). It was concluded that Site A was the preferred scenario, offering a large area surrounded by open space and other community activity zones. The next stage would be for Council to explore this development opportunity and prepare a development brief for the site, to attract and encourage such a development. .,1.:... 32 MAP 11.1 IN HAWTHORN 1 6·10 Wyuna Avenue 2 Tram Depot· Wallen Road 3 Rudolf Steiner School 4 Robinson/Riversdale Road 5 Tower Hotel 6 Council Depot . 7 Yunghanns Land q,.1>..~ TTYOI_ ~ 8 Thomson Land 9 Tram Depot· Camberwell Road 10 D&J Evans· Camberwell Road 11 Rivoli Cinema 12 Henley's, 474·478 Riversdale Road CITY OF HAWTHORN N i ~600me_ 33 POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF SUPERMARKET FACILITY IN I-----______G_LE_N_F40 ______ERR I ~ R 04 (') ~ HOP PIN ~ ___ ..G ______C E N T R _ E t· ...; 34 ij::~::F¥::ij::g::tn;fi:$. Department of Planning and Housing; 1988, Melbourne Open Space Plan Loder and Bayly; 1979, Hawthorn Cycle Routes Study· King, R.,Pike, J., Seddon, B.; 1979, A Middle.Ring Suburb: A Study of the Urban Fabric of Hawthorn Patmore, J; 1970, Land and Leisure I • 35