DOCSLIB.ORG

Towards a Sustainable Anti-Xenophobic Rural-Based University Campus in South Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Towards a Sustainable Anti-Xenophobic Rural-Based University Campus in South Africa TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE ANTI-XENOPHOBIC RURAL-BASED UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN SOUTH AFRICA O. S. Obadire* J. Francis** e-mail: [email protected] **Institute for Rural Development C. C. A. Hagenmeier* University of Venda Thohoyandou, South Africa *Directorate of International Relations University of Venda Thohoyandou, South Africa ABSTRACT Xenophobic attacks can have devastating effects at universities if efforts are not made to prevent their occurrence or to effectively manage them when experienced. All this can affect the process of internationalisation at higher education institutions in South Africa. In an effort to build a deep understanding of the nature, character and extent of “xenophobia” at the University of Venda (UNIVEN), a multidisciplinary team carried out a study. It sought to obtain the perspectives of both South African citizens and non-nationals in order to use the results to develop a well-informed anti-xenophobia programme. This was part of a broader strategy for appreciating and promoting diversity and social cohesion within the framework of the university’s transformation thrust. A mixed methods approach was used, taking into account critical discourse analysis and infusing elements of participant observation. A semi-structured interview guide was used during five focus group discussions held to collect data from 28 members of the University community. Three groups comprised of non-South Africans. The remaining two consisted of South African citizens. All the groups confirmed that they had observed or experienced non-violent manifestations of xenophobia, in particular in lecture halls, residential areas, sport fields and the University library. Both local and international focus groups (71.4%) confirmed that separate social and academic groups existed on campus. This study confirmed that there were pockets of xenophobic tendencies among both staff and students. Thus, introduction of an anti-xenophobia programme was necessary because it was likely to positively contribute to the university’s efforts geared towards creating an enabling working and learning environment. Keywords: xenophobia, discrimination, internationalisation of higher education, non-nationals, South Africa INTRODUCTION In 2001, South Africa hosted the “United Nations World Conference against Racism and Xenophobia”. The declaration of that conference drew inspiration from the struggle of the people of South Africa against apartheid and set out a programme of action to combat racism South African Journal of Higher Education https://dx.doi.org/10.20853/32-4-1507 Volume 32 | Number 4 | 2018 | pages 186‒198 eISSN 1753-5913 186 Obadire Towards a sustainable anti-xenophobic rural-based university campus and xenophobia (United Nations 2008). In spite of genuine efforts to implement the programme of action in South Africa, in May and June 2008 horrendous, violent xenophobic attacks virtually shattered the country (Ndifonka 2008). A new wave of xenophobic violence unsettled the country in 2015 (Mbovu 2015). Given the worsening socio-political conditions in the country, it is possible that similar xenophobic attacks will resurface in the future. The Oxford English Dictionary (2010) defines xenophobia as “a deep antipathy or morbid fear of foreigners”. According to Harris (2002, 169‒184), it also denotes “hatred, fear and dislike of strangers or foreigners”. In general, xenophobia is a feeling or perception based on socially constructed images and ideas, and not on rational or objective facts (Williams 2008). Consequently, this perception reduces complex social and cultural phenomena to simplistic “we” (the locals) and “them” (makwerekwere). The latter is a common derogatory term used in South Africa to refer to foreigners. In the South African context, “xenophobia” refers to violent actions against foreigners as well as negative social representations of immigrants, refugees and migrants (Harris 2001; De la Hunt 2002). Foreign nationals include, in broad terms, all non- South African residents within the country (Centre for Human Rights (CHR) 2009). In this study, xenophobia should be understood in the wider sense, to include non-violent discrimination against non-South African nationals. Xenophobia infringes basic human rights and threatens internationalisation of South African higher education (Algotsson 2000; Williams 2008). In recent years, the issue in the international dimension of higher education has become more prominent on the agenda of many governments, tertiary institutions, student organizations and accreditation agencies. This has created a huge impact on the core business of the higher education institutions and many misconceptions still exist among students and sometimes, staff about the presence of foreigner nationals in the society. South Africans’ negative attitudes towards non-nationals are largely oriented towards other “Black” Africans (hence the often used label, Afrophobia), although there are increasing reports of discrimination towards new arrivals from the Indian sub-continent (Landau, Ramjathan-Keogh and Singh 2005). Migrants in communities that are characterized by high levels of tension often live in fear for their lives. This often results in the migrants moving from one informal settlement to another in search of what they consider a more stable environment. Disturbingly. it is also believed that officials in various government departments or institutions perpetuate xenophobia. This usually happens through the officials denying non-nationals access to services. The officials’ actions originate from the conviction that non-nationals are taking resources meant for South Africans. At times, the xenophobia manifests in the form of government officials making derogatory statements towards the non-South Africans (Williams 2008). 187 Obadire Towards a sustainable anti-xenophobic rural-based university campus It is crucial to foreground the wave of xenophobic violence that swept across many parts of South Africa in 2008. The xenophobic attacks took place over a few days in early May 2008. They resulted in the death of more than 60 people and left more than 48 000 people injured, including both non-citizens and citizens. Hundreds of thousands of people were displaced and there was considerable loss of revenue, which amounted to millions of Rands. Consequently, thousands of non-nationals decided to return to the hardships they initially fled from in their home countries, instead of dying in a foreign land (Jost et al. 2012). This decision confirmed that xenophobia was real and needed to be addressed as a matter of urgency. Because South Africa is a regional economic and political powerhouse, it has continued to offer opportunities for other nationals who increasingly immigrated over the years (Jaynes 2008). Moreover, the growing demand for skilled labour and entrepreneurs heightens the country’s reliance on people born and educated outside the country. Although most foreign nationals, refugees and asylum seekers enter the country lawfully, they also face hostilities from South Africans (Bhamjee and Klaaren 2004). Xenophobia must also be understood in relation to the high levels of violence that persist within contemporary South Africa. Although it represents a new manifestation of violence, xenophobia also reflects continuities with other forms, targets and perpetrators of violence in the society (Williams 2008). Jaynes (2008, 8) described the 2008 xenophobic attacks in the following way, “like a boxer that has received an almighty blow to the head, South Africans have been stumbling around, punch-drunk, to make sense of something that caught the country by complete surprise”. The fact that xenophobic tendencies are a world-wide phenomenon cannot be questioned. Increasingly, resentful feeling of labour immigrants by the citizens, in particular, is worsening in many parts of the world. Campbell (2003) argued that this attitude emanated from a combination of nationalism and economic factors. Taking into account a comparative study of ten countries, Hjerm (2010) concluded that levels of nationalist sentiment and xenophobia decreased with increasing levels of education. This was the case despite substantial differences among educational systems in the countries. Licata and Klein (2002) contended that the European Union’s creation of the status of “Citizen of the Union” was a major factor that helped meet certain conditions, which increased intolerance towards resident foreigners. Xenophobic beliefs may arise out of erroneous inductive inferences and stereotyped classification methods. Through a study of history and contemporary expressions of xenophobia in the United States, Yakushko (2009) explained this phenomenon as a concept that described a socially observable negative phenomenon. At both national and international levels, xenophobia was commonly explained as a result of the conviction that non-nationals threatened citizens’ access to employment, grants, and social services (Mattes et al. 2002). However, no type of competition for opportunities can justify use of violence. 188 Obadire Towards a sustainable anti-xenophobic rural-based university campus In South Africa, the Immigration Act 13 of 2002 and the Refugees Act 130 of 1998 established the legal regime applicable to migrant communities (Palmary 2002). Temporary residents (including workers, students and tourists), were classified as those who entered and legally stayed in the country for specific, limited periods of time (Fynn 2010). The Bill of Rights, which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hlanganani Sub District of Makhado Magisterial District
    # # C! # # # ## ^ C!# .!C!# # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # C!^ # # # # # ^ # # # # ^ C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C!# # # C!C! # # # # # # # # # #C! # # # # # C!# # # # # # C! # ^ # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # C! # # C! # #^ # # # # # # # ## # # #C! # # # # # # # C! # # # # # C! # # # # # # # #C! # C! # # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # ## C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # C! # # ^ # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # ##^ C! # C!# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #C! ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! C! # # # # # ## # # C!# # # # C! # ! # # # # # # # C# # # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ## ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ^ C! # # # # # # # ^ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! C! # # # # # # # # C! # # #C! # # # # # # C!# ## # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # ## # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # C! # # # # # # # # # # # ### C! # # C! # # # # C! # ## ## ## C! ! # # C # .! # # # # # # # HHllaannggaannaannii SSuubb DDiissttrriicctt ooff MMaakkhhaaddoo MMaagg# iisstteerriiaall DDiissttrriicctt # # # # ## # # C! # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ROXONSTONE SANDFONTEIN Phiphidi # # # BEESTON ZWARTHOEK PUNCH BOWL CLIFFSIDE WATERVAL RIETBOK WATERFALL # COLERBRE # # 232 # GREYSTONE Nzhelele # ^ # # 795 799 812 Matshavhawe # M ### # # HIGHFIELD VLAKFONTEIN
    [Show full text]
  • Operator Characterization and Acquisition of Sold Items for Tshakhuma and Khumbe Markets of Limpopo Province, South Africa
    International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 4 No. 8 [Special Issue – July 2013] Operator Characterization and Acquisition of Sold Items for Tshakhuma and Khumbe Markets of Limpopo Province, South Africa M.C. Dagadaa A.E. Nesamvuniab J. Van Rooyenc, K.A. Tshikolomoa aCentre for Sustainable Agriculture University of the Free State Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa. bCentre for Rural Community Empowerment University of Limpopo Private Bag X1106 Sovenga, 0727 South Africa. c Standard Bank Centre for Agri-leadership & Mentorship Development Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, 7602. Abstract The purpose of the study was to characterize operators of the Tshakhuma and Khumbe markets and to investigate the items sold and sources from which they were acquired. Some 91 operators were interviewed, 67 from Tshakhuma and 24 from Khumbe Market. Majority (91.2%) of operators was female and 77% of them were 21 to 60 years old. Some 22% of the operators had no schooling, 25.3% had primary, 44% had secondary and 8.8% had tertiary education. Operator incomes were low as evident from budget spending on basic necessities only. Half (49.5%) of operators were married, 31.9% were single, 3.3% were divorced while 15.4% were widowed. Agricultural produce constituted the main items sold in the markets, and those were mostly fruits, vegetables and field crops. Fruits were acquired from commercial farmers while vegetables and field crops were from own households and local smallholder farmers. Key Words: Market, operator, smallholder farmer, Tshakhuma, Khumbe 1. Introduction Though agriculture has been identified as one of the three pillars of economic development in Limpopo Province, small-scale emerging farmers have great challenges in participating in product markets (Nesamvuni et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Crop Production Practices by Farmers in Tshakhuma, Tshiombo and Rabali Areas in Limpopo Province of South Africa
    Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 6, No. 8; 2014 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Evaluation of Crop Production Practices by Farmers in Tshakhuma, Tshiombo and Rabali Areas in Limpopo Province of South Africa Sylvester Mpandeli1,2 1 University of Venda, School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences, Thohoyandou, South Africa 2 Water Research Commission of South Africa, South Africa Correspondence: Sylvester Mpandeli, Water Research Commission, Private Bag X 03, Gezina, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 25, 2014 Accepted: May 6, 2014 Online Published: July 15, 2014 doi:10.5539/jas.v6n8p10 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n8p10 Abstract Limpopo Province is characterised by high climatic variability. This is a serious problem in Limpopo Province considering the fact that the province is in a semi-arid area with low, unreliable rainfall. The rainfall distribution pattern, for example, in the Vhembe district is characterised by wet and dry periods depending on the geographical location. In the Vhembe district high rainfall is usually experienced in the Tshakhuma and Levubu areas. Most of the rainfall received in the Vhembe district is in the form of thunderstorms and showers, and this makes rainfall in the district vary considerably. The impact of lower rainfall has negative effects on the agricultural sector, low rainfall resulting in decreases in agricultural activities, loss of livestock, shortage of drinking water, low yields and shortage of seeds for subsequent cultivation. For example, farmers in Rabali area are supposed to use hybrid seeds due to lack of sufficient irrigation water and also poor rainfall distribution compared to farmers in areas such as Tshakhuma and Tshiombo areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Efficiency of Small-Scale Agriculture in Limpopo Province of South
    The Efficiency of Small-Scale Agriculture in Limpopo Province of South Africa By Meliko , Majory O.; Phinea, K. Chauke; and Oni, Stephen A. Poster presented at the Joint 3rd African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE) and 48th Agricultural Economists Association of South Africa (AEASA) Conference, Cape Town, South Africa, September 19-23, 2010 The Efficiency of Small-Scale Agriculture in Limpopo Province of South Africa Majory O. Meliko1 , Phinea, K. Chauke2 and Stephen A. Oni3 Address for correspondence Majory Ongie Meliko Department of Agricultural Economics School of Agriculture, Rural Development and Forestry University Of Venda Thohoyandou, 0950 Tel: +27 72 325 2733(Cell), Email: [email protected] The Efficiency of Small-Scale Agriculture in Limpopo Province of South Africa 1 PhD Student, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 2 HOD: Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 3 Professor Emeitus: Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Venda, Thohoyandou Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the small scale farmers for the production year 2006/2007 in Limpopo province using policy analysis matrix. A total of twelve production systems were selected. Result shows that all were profitable under market condition with existing policies and all except Dry land maize had comparative advantage suggesting efficiency in the systems. Ranking the systems in term of PRC and DRC, irrigated vegetables like Potatoes, cabbages and tomatoes had higher profitability and comparative advantages than field crops like both dry and irrigated maize, Peanut and Beans. Despite competiveness in all and comparative advantage in most systems, these was not due to policy intervention as incentive indicators, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of the 2016 Violent Protests in Vuwani, Limpopo Province of South Africa
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336370292 An exploration of the 2016 Violent Protests in Vuwani, Limpopo Province of South Africa Article in Man in India · November 2018 CITATION READS 1 336 2 authors: Vongani Muhluri Nkuna Kgothatso B. Shai University of Limpopo University of Limpopo 3 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION 28 PUBLICATIONS 47 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: ANC's Political Theology View project South Africa's Foreign Policy Changes and Challenges in the Fourth Industrial Revolution View project All content following this page was uploaded by Vongani Muhluri Nkuna on 09 October 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. AN EXPLORATION OF THE 2016 VIOLENT PROTESTS... Man In India, 98 (3-4) : 425-436 © Serials Publications AN EXPLORATION OF THE 2016 VIOLENT PROTESTS IN VUWANI, LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA Vongani M. Nkuna* and Kgothatso B. Shai** Abstract: In the recent past, South Africa have witnessed a wave of community protests which have been attributed to a number of factors. Limpopo Province of South Africa also had a fair share of violent protests in several areas. However, protests in other areas except Vuwani have received limited media coverage, which in turn resulted in scant scholarly attention. This is to say that the community protests in Vuwani and the surrounding areas have dominated the public discourse due to the scale of violence that they produced. Despite this, the causes of the 2016 community protests in Vuwani have not been uniformly understood and this unfortunate development resulted in disastrous interventions by different stakeholders including the government.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographies of Land Restitution in Northern Limpopo
    GEOGRAPHIES OF LAND RESTITUTION IN NORTHERN LIMPOPO: PLACE, TERRITORY, AND CLASS Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Alistair Fraser M.A. ******* The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Kevin R. Cox, Adviser Professor Nancy Ettlinger _____________________ Professor Larry Brown Adviser Geography Graduate Program Professor Franco Barchiesi Copyright by Alistair Fraser 2006 ABSTRACT This dissertation is concerned with the politics and geography of land restitution in northern Limpopo province, South Africa. Restitution is one of three main elements in South Africa’s land reform program, which began in the mid 1990s and is still ongoing. There is a dearth of research on how the government has pursued restitution in northern Limpopo. Little is known about how claims for restitution have been completed; how and why those involved – ranging from white farmers and restitution claimants to government officials – have negotiated the program; or what will be the outcomes of restitution in the research area. Geographers, moreover, have contributed very little to the literature on restitution as a whole. Using qualitative research methods conducted during nine months of fieldwork in northern Limpopo, and examining the program with concepts of place, territory and class in mind, this dissertation addresses some of the shortcomings of the restitution literature. It details three main findings. First, that the government has pursued imaginative, innovative, yet ultimately authoritarian solutions to the challenge of transferring expensive commercial farmland to the rightful owners. The government has drawn upon ii the resources and technical expertise of white-owned agribusinesses, whose interest in restitution, although still unclear, is certainly driven by a desire to profit from the situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Agri-Hubs Identified by Limpopo
    ONE PAGER EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES – AGRI-HUBS as on 6 November 2015 Agri-Hubs Identified by the Province LIMPOPO PROVINCE 27 PRIORITY DISTRICTS PROVINCE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY PROPOSED AGRI-HUB Limpopo Vhembe Nwanedi Mopani Tzaneen Sekhukhune Groblersdal Capricorn Ga-Poopedi Waterberg Modimolle 1 Capricorn District Municipality Proposed Agri-Hub Location :Ga-Poopedi District Context Demographics The district is situated at the core of economic development in The district has 1 1261 463 people and the total number of households the Limpopo Province and includes the capital of the province, the is 342838 with an average household size of 3.7 (Census 2011). City of Polokwane. Total Area: 21 705km². Capricorn District 59.9% of the population is within the 15 to 64 year age group. Municipality falls under the Limpopo province, located on the northern Unemployment rate is at 37.2% with 49.9% of all households that are side of South Africa. It derives its name from the Tropic of Capricorn, female headed. According to Census 2011, half of the population along which it is situated. It is predominantly rural in nature. It of the CDM resides in the Polokwane Municipality, followed by consists of the following five local municipalities: Aganang, Blouberg, Lepelle-Nkumpi, Blouberg and Aganang with 18%, 13% and 10% Lepelle-Nkumpi, Molemole and Polokwane. Limpopo's capital, respectively, while Molemole Local Municipality accounts for 9% Polokwane (previously Pietersburg), lies in the heart of the Capricorn of the population of the district. Although the population of the region. The district has an internal airport, and is linked to Gauteng by district is growing, the rate of growth is declining.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflicting Perceptions Over Water Distribution in Sibasa- Thohoyandou Area: Interpreting Local Narratives
    Conflicting perceptions over water distribution Conflicting perceptions over water distribution in Sibasa- Thohoyandou area: interpreting local narratives Rabson Wuriga School of Basic Sciences North-West University Abstract The state perceives water as an economic commodity, even if its existing policy treats it as a national resource that should be freely accessed for basic usage. Research suggests many residents of the Sibasa-Thohoyandou area in the Limpopo Province, perceive water as a free natural resource that should not be paid for. As a result of this perception, most of the local residents are not paying for water services. In response to that, the municipality is faced with a cost-recovery problem – hence they restrict water reticulation. Residents concede that paying is a last resort because they are in need of water. Research was conducted on this issue after it surfaced as an apparent problem in the local media. The article explores and attempts to interpret the conflicting narratives on water procurement and distribution in the Sibasa-Thohoyandou area. Introduction Water supplies are not adequate for all residents of Sibasa-Thohoyandou area. There is a conflict of perceptions on water procurement and distribution between the state1 and the residents of Sibasa-Thohoyandou, especially with the current introduction of the idea of free basic water. Recent narratives of the state send a message that the shortage of water in Sibasa-Thohoyandou, to borrow Sithole et al‘s expression, is that “the government acts in the interest” of the residents by restricting water distribution. On the contrary, the residents’ reaction and perception of the ‘free basic water’ idea send a message that there is a totally different way of seeing things between the state and them – hence there is shortage of water.
    [Show full text]
  • Accredited COVID-19 Vaccination Sites Limpopo
    Accredited COVID-19 Vaccination Sites Limpopo Permit Number Primary Name Address 202101850 Dis-Chem Musina Mall Cnr N1 and Smelter Pharmacy Avenue Vhembe DM Limpopo 202101539 Medlin Apteek Shop 26, Bushveld Centre, Cnr Marx & Potgieter Street Waterberg DM Limpopo 202102472 Soutpansberg Family 61 Baobab Street Louis Pharmacy Trichardt Vhembe DM Limpopo 202102793 Clicks Pharmacy Junction Of R524 and Thavhani Mall New Giyani Road Vhembe DM Limpopo 202101395 Van Heerden Pharmacy Shop 16, Bela Mall, Bela Mall R101 Road Waterberg DM Limpopo 202103499 Dis-Chem Thavhani Mall shop L164, Thavhani Pharmacy Mall, Thohoyandou, Limpopo. Vhembe DM Limpopo 202102098 Witpoort Hospital Shongane Road Waterberg DM Limpopo 202102481 Clicks Pharmacy Mall of Capricorn DM the North Limpopo 202100290 Dichoeung Clinic None Dichoeung Sekhukhune DM Limpopo 202101021 Clicks Pharmacy Corner Hans Van Polokwane 2 Rensburg and Grobler Street Capricorn DM Limpopo Updated: 30/06/2021 202101917 Dis-Chem Pharmacy - Cnr R81 & N1 Roads Polokwane North Capricorn DM Limpopo 202102772 Clicks Pharmacy Cnr Smelter Avenue & Musina Mall The Great North Road N1 Vhembe DM Limpopo 202101540 Van Heerden Apteek En Voortrekkerweg 25 Medisyne Depot Waterberg DM Limpopo 202100910 Polokwane CBD Clicks Middestad 1 Cnr Pharmacy Marbet & Rissik Streets Limpopo 202102975 Amandelbult Hospital Hospital street. Amandelbult Complex Waterberg DM Limpopo 202102418 Kalapeng Mankweng Shop no 23 Paledi Mall Pharmacy Mankweng Sovenga 0727 Capricorn DM Limpopo 202100407 Thabazimbi Hospital 1 Hospital Street
    [Show full text]
  • Developers Guide
    MAKHADO MUNICIPALITY A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR INVESTORS, DEVELOPERS AND TOURISTS INDEX Information Glossary Reference Map of Soutpansberg Region Reference Map of Makhado t Jurisdiction Area Reference Map of Industrial Area Layout Comprehensive Guide for Investors, Developers and Tourists: 1. Geographical Information 2. Demographic Information 3. Land, Housing and Other Developments 4. Education & Training 5. Commercial, Industrial & Manufacturing 6. Agriculture 7. Infrastructure Development 8. Tourism 9. Places of Interest 10. Land of Legend 11. Conclusion Glossary on Nature Reserves A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE FOR INVESTORS, DEVELOPERS AND TOURISTS 1. GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION: Makhado is in perfect harmony with its spectacular surroundings. Situated at the foot of the densely forested Soutpansberg Mountain Range, near the Zimbabwean, Botswana and Mozambique border and the Kruger National Park, in a highly fertile, rapidly growing agricultural area. Makhado and the Soutpansberg Region have become one of the Northern Provinces premier business, industrial and tourist destinations. Sub- tropical fruits such as litchis, bananas; mangos, avocados, nuts, etc. are grown in the nearby Levubu basin and are available in abundance. Other products include tea, coffee, cattle and extensive game farming. Makhado is ideally situated 100km from the Zimbabwean border as well as from Pietersburg (Polokwane) on the N1-national Route. It also forms part of the Maputo Sub-corridor and will in future be an important center in this regard as the road link to Maputo branch off to the east 30km south of Makhado. True to its trade mark “Gateway to Other African States” Makhado has become an established trading center for Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Excellent rail, road and air links with the rest of Africa, all South African cities and ports, make it an automatic choice for developers and business initiatives.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sociological Investigation
    DISSATISFACTION OF MALAMULELE RESIDENTS WITH SERVICE DELIVERY IN MALAMULELE AREA, LIMPOPO PROVINCE: A SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION BY NTSAKO SIMEON MATHONSI 200402793 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Sociology in the FACULTY OF HUMANITIES (School of Social Sciences) at the UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO Supervisor: Prof SL Sithole 2017 Declaration I wish to declare that the work on Dissatisfaction of Malamulele residents with service delivery in Malamulele area, Limpopo Province: A sociological investigation submitted towards fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Sociology has not previously been submitted by myself for a degree at any other university, and also that the work is my own in both design and execution, and that all material contained herein has been acknowledged accordingly. ________________________ ___________________ Mr NS Mathonsi DATE i Dedication This work is dedicated to my wife - Wisani Mathonsi, my daughters - Vun'we Blessing Mathonsi and Xiluvelo Abundance Mathonsi, as well as my parents - Mr Yobert and Mrs Maria Mathonsi, who are my source of strength and my support structure. I also wish to dedicate this work to my late grandfather, patriarch Shabane Samuel Mungoni who has been and always will be my inspiration. ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude for assistance and support to the following authorities, people, and institutions: The Almighty God who is the author and perfector of my faith. My supervisor, Professor SL Sithole - for his wisdom, guidance, advice, support and supervision, and his trust upon me. The Health and Welfare Sector Education and Training Authority (HWSETA) for the financial assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Drought Analysis with Reference to Rain-Fed Maize for Past and Future Climate Conditions Over the Luvuvhu River Catchment in South Africa
    Drought analysis with reference to rain-fed maize for past and future climate conditions over the Luvuvhu River catchment in South Africa by ELISA TEBOHO MASUPHA submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the subject AGRICULTURE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: DR M E MOELETSI FEBRUARY 2017 DECLARATION Name: Elisa Teboho Masupha Student number: 58563660 Degree: Master of Science in Agriculture I declare that “DROUGHT ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO RAIN-FED MAIZE FOR PAST AND FUTURE CLIMATE CONDITIONS OVER THE LUVUVHU RIVER CATCHMENT, SOUTH AFRICA” is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. I further declare that I have not previously submitted this work, or part of it, for examination at Unisa for another qualification or at any other higher education institution. The turnitin report has been attached in line with the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences requirements. __Masupha ET___________ 28 February 2017 SIGNATURE DATE © University of South Africa ETD – Masupha, E.T. (2017) i DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my mother Nkgetheleng Masupha for her unfailing emotional support, encouragement and for taking care of my precious son Bohlokoa throughout my years of study. This one is for you Motloung wa Seleso sa Lekgunuana, wa ha Mmanape! © University of South Africa ETD – Masupha, E.T. (2017) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and above all, I would like to thank God for his blessings and guidance from the start to the end of this degree.
    [Show full text]