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Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation

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Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Stratford-on-Avon District Development Requirements Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) Consultation Draft Part V: Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation January 2020 Stratford-on-Avon District Council – January 2020 2 Part V: Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Contents V1. How to Use this SPD – The 5 Principles and Checklists 4 V2. Principle 1: Increasing accessibility - reducing the need to travel by private car 5 V3. Principle 2: Improving energy efficiency in buildings 8 V4. Principle 3: Adapting to Higher Temperatures 16 V5. Principle 4: Mitigating Flood Risk 21 V6. Principle 5: Mitigating Biodiversity loss 25 V7. Case Studies 27 V8. Climate Change Checklist 32 Appendix 1: Climate Change Checklist for New Build (Non-Householder) Developments where over 20 Square Metres of Additional Floorspace is proposed 33 Appendix 2: Climate Change Checklist for Conversion and Change of Use developments 36 Appendix 3: Climate Change Checklist for Householder Developments where over 20 square metres of Additional Floorspace is Proposed 38 Appendix 4: Glossary 40 Stratford-on-Avon District Council – January 2020 3 This part of the Development Requirements SPD provides further detailed guidance on the interpretation of the following Core Strategy policies in relation to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as appropriate: CS.2 Climate Change and Sustainable Construction CS.3 Sustainable Energy CS.4 Water Environment and Flood Risk CS.5 Landscape CS.6 Natural Environment CS.7 Green Infrastructure CS.9 Design and Distinctiveness CS.19 Housing Mix and Type CS.22 Economic Development CS.25 Healthy Communities CS.26 Transport & Communications AS.1-9 Area Strategies AS.10 Countryside and Villages AS.11 Large Rural Brownfield Sites It will be used by Stratford-on-Avon District Council to help reach decisions on whether to approve or refuse planning applications. Making sure that applications comply with the guidance contained within SPD will make it easier for the Council to grant planning permission. Stratford-on-Avon District Council – January 2020 4 V1. How to Use this SPD – The 5 Principles and Checklists Stratford-on-Avon District Council is committed to tackling climate change, and in July 2019 the Council declared a ‘Climate Emergency’ as a pledge to take local action to contribute to national carbon neutral targets. The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) recognises the role of the planning system in supporting the transition to a low carbon future by helping to shape places that contribute to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, minimise vulnerability and improve resilience. In February 2019 the Committee on Climate Change assessed whether homes are adequately prepared for the challenges of climate change. The Committee identified in its report ‘UK Housing: Fit for the Future?’ a number of actions including the need for new homes to be built to be low-carbon, energy and water efficient and climate resilient. In a joint report by the Royal Town Planning Institute and Town and Country Planning Association ‘Rising to the Climate Crisis: A Guide for Local Authorities on Planning for Climate Change’ (Dec. 2018) it is acknowledged that whilst work is needed at an international and national level, local action is also needed as the solutions to many of the adverse impacts of climate change need to be developed locally. Land use planning can contribute to the transition to a low-carbon future, centred on the following 5 principles based around two key themes: 1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions Principle 1: Increasing accessibility - reducing the need to travel by private car Principle 2: Improving energy efficiency 2. Implementing adaptation and mitigation measures Principle 3: Adapting to higher temperatures Principle 4: Mitigating flood risk Principle 5: Mitigating biodiversity loss Checklists for applicants to provide a minimum level of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures, centred around the 5 key principles, are provided within Appendices 1-3. Detailed guidelines for how to apply the checklists to new development proposals is provided within Section V8. Case Studies that demonstrate each of the 5 key principles being applied in practice within existing developments in the District and County are provided within Section V7. Stratford-on-Avon District Council – January 2020 5 V2. Principle 1: Increasing accessibility - reducing the need to travel by private car Private cars contribute towards a large proportion of the UK’s total carbon emissions, with transport being the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in Britain. This has primarily been caused by an increase in the length of trips taken and a modal shift towards the car as well as changing land use patterns. There are opportunities for more sustainable transport choices and healthy lifestyles through well planned development and providing practical and sustainable alternatives to private car travel is therefore critical to tackling the climate crisis. A report by the Urban Transport Group ‘Making the Connections on Climate’ (Nov. 2019) highlights the connections that can be made on climate between transport and energy, and between transport and the decarbonisation and adaptation of the built interventions. This section of the SPD provides details of how interventions can be achieved in new development within the District. However, Stratford-on-Avon District is an area of relatively small towns and rural settlements and this context needs to be borne very much in mind when considering viable alternatives to the private car and light commercial vehicles. V.2.1 Density and Mixed Use Density plays an important part in reducing people’s reliance on using a private car. Higher density developments can make destinations easily accessible by walking or cycling and can bring people together to support local public transport, facilities and local services. Due to Stratford District being rural in nature, an appropriate density should be considered for each new development which will help form the context, accessibility, proposed building types, form and character of the area. Mixed use developments can provide a wide range of services and facilities including employment opportunities, schools, healthcare provision, recreational and leisure facilities, open green spaces and many more. These developments should be encouraged where appropriate and provide facilities which are within 10 minutes (800m) walking distance of dwellings. Further information on how developments can be designed to incorporate principles of higher density and mixed uses is available in Part A: Achieving Good Design. Case Study An example of how higher densities can be successfully used order to reduce the need to travel by the private car is in the Case Study of the Arden Quarter, Stratford- upon-Avon in Section V7 (Case Study 1) V.2.2 Walkability/Permeability New developments should provide active frontages that are directly accessible by foot and overlooked from the street. This can help in reducing crime by providing natural surveillance and ensuring streets are community friendly which in turn encourages walking and social interaction. Stratford-on-Avon District Council – January 2020 6 Developments should provide permeable networks as these encourage walking and cycling and make places easy to navigate through especially for visitors. Signage should be provided on all new developments to show the main pedestrian and cycling routes to village centres and key facilities and to make it easy for pedestrians and cyclists to find their way through new developments. Signage should be clear and include the distance to key facilities and approximate timings to encourage and promote walking and cycling. Consideration should be given to providing seating/resting places along well used routes to assist less mobile persons to reach key facilities. Case Study For an example of how to make developments more pedestrian friendly, please see the Case Study of Northgate, Warwick in Section V7 (Case Study 2) V.2.3 Integrated Active Travel Development should be directed to areas that minimise the need to travel and maximise the use of sustainable modes of transport, with walking and cycling actively being promoted to and from the development site. All developments should ensure that key facilities such as schools, shops, GP surgeries and bus stops are well connected by walking, cycling or public transport provision. Cycling and walking provision should provide suitable crossing facilities where necessary as well as appropriate lighting levels and security measures to ensure the safety and security of pedestrians and cyclists. When considering the provision of pedestrian and cycling routes and facilities these should be designed for all users including elderly and disabled residents. Where there is existing pedestrian/cycling provision, developments should consider whether it is suitable for its proposed use taking into consideration existing and future links to public transport. These should be improved where appropriate. The National Design Guide (Oct. 2019) identifies ‘movement’ as one of ten characteristics of well-designed places, and highlights the need for an integrated network for all modes of transport giving people maximum choice in how to make their journeys, prioritizing pedestrians and cyclists. Case Study An example of how a residential development can be designed to promote walking, cycling and public transport as realistic modes of travel is in the
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