Instruction Manual 16” LX200 Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope

Meade Instruments Corporation NOTE: Instructions for the use of optional accessories are not included in this manual. For details see the Meade General Catalog.

The Meade Schmidt-Cassegrain Optical System (Diagram not to scale)

In the Schmidt-Cassegrain design of the Meade 16” model, light enters from the right, passes through a thin lens (correcting plate) with two-sided aspheric correction, proceeds to a spherical primary mirror, and then to a convex aspheric secondary mirror. The convex secondary mirror multiplies the effective focal length of the primary mirror and results in a focus at the focal plane, with light passing through a central perforation in the primary mirror.

The 16” model includes an oversize 16.375” primary mirror, yielding a fully illuminated field-of-view significantly wider than is possible with standard-size primary mirrors. Note that light ray (2) in the figure would be lost entirely, except for the oversize p r i m a r y. This phenomenon results in Meade 16” Schmidt- Cassegrains having off-axis field illuminations 10% greater, aperture-for-aperture, than other Schmidt-Cassegrains utilizing standard-size primary mirrors. WARNING! Never use the LX200 telescope to look at the Sun! Looking at or near the Sun will cause instant and irreversible damage to your eye. Eye damage is often painless, so there is no warning to the observer that damage has occurred until it is too late. Do not point the telescope or its viewfinder at or near the Sun. Do not look through the telescope or its viewfinder as it is moving. Children

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Fig. 1: Meade 16" LX200 Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope.

Captions for Fig. 1 1. Viewfinder Dew Shield 12. Diagonal Mirror 2. Viewfinder Collimation Screws 13. Eyepiece 3. Declination (Dec.) Setting Circle 14. Bubble Level 4. Dec. Vernier Pointer 15. Hour Angle (H.A.) Pointer 5. Focus Knob 16. Drive Base 6. Right Ascension (R.A.) Lock 17. Viewfinder Focus Lock Ring 7. R.A.Slow-Motion Control Knob 18. Dec.Lock-Knob 8. R.A. Vernier Pointer 19. Tube Adapter 9. R.A.Setting Circle 20. Fan Filter 10. Power Panel 21. Optical Tube Assembly (OTA) Mounting Bolts (4) 11. Keypad Hand Controller 22. OTA Contents 16" LX200 Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope

Introduction ...... 5 Mode Functions ...... 17 What is the LX200? An Overview...... 5 . . . Mode 1: Telescope/Object Library ...... 17 1. Heavy-Duty Mounts...... 5 A. Telescope Menu File...... 17 2. Built-In 64,359 Object Library ...... 5 B. Object Library Menu File...... 20 3. Altazimuth Mode Operation...... 5 Mode 2: Coordinates/GO TO...... 23. . . 4. Terrestrial Operation ...... 5 1. Coordinates Menu File ...... 23 5. Keypad and Power Panel Functions ...... 5 2. GO TO Menu Option...... 23 Smart Drive...... 5 Mode 3: Clock/Calendar ...... 23 Standard Equipment ...... 6 Mode 4: TIMER/FREQ ...... 24 Unpacking and Inspection...... 6 1. TIMER = Menu Option ...... 24 What You Should Have ...... 6 2. FREQ = Menu Option...... 24 Look Everything Over ...... 6 Mode 5: Keypad Off/Brightness Adjust...... 24 Inspecting the Optics...... 6 A Note on the Flashlight Test ...... 6 Magnification and Field of View...... 24 Commercial Reshipment...... 6 Magnification...... 24 Telescope Assembly ...... 7 The 16” Field Tripod...... 7 Apparent Field and Actual Field...... 25 Attaching the 16” Drive Base ...... 8 Attaching the Fork ...... 8 Appendix A: Equatorial Use...... 26 Mounting the Optical Tube Assembly (OTA) ...... 8 Celestial Coordinates ...... 26 Mounting the Viewfinder...... 8 Using the LX200 in POLAR Mode...... 26 1. Attaching the Viewfinder ...... 8 2. Focusing the Viewfinder ...... 8 Lining up with the Celestial Pole ...... 26 3. Collimating the Viewfinder...... 8 Precise Polar Alignment ...... 27 Attaching the Diagonal Mirror and Eyepiece...... 8 Attaching the Power and Data Cords...... 8 Appendix B: Alignment Star Library and Southern Hemisphere Operation ...... 9 Star Charts...... 28 Quick Start...... 9 Alignment Stars ...... 28 Using the LX200 Manually...... 9 Star Charts...... 29 Using the LX200 in LAND Mode ...... 9 Using the LX200 in ALTAZ Mode...... 10 Appendix C: 64,359-Object Library ...... 31 1. Entering Basic Information ...... 10 2. Location of the Observing Site...... 10 About the SAO Catalog ...... 31 3. Local Time and Date...... 11 About the UGC Catalog ...... 31 4. Setting Up the Telescope...... 11 About the CNGC Catalog...... 31 5. MODE key ...... 13 About the IC Catalog ...... 32 6. Library Object Keys...... 13 About the GCVS Catalog...... 32 Star Alignment...... 13 About the Star Catalog...... 32 1. 1-Star Alignment with Known Site ...... 13 About the M (Messier) Catalog...... 32 2. 2-Star Alignment with Known Site ...... 13 The Planet Catalog ...... 32 3. Alignment with Unknown Site ...... 13 The CNGC Catalog ...... 33 4. Which Alignment Method to Use ...... 14 The Star Catalog ...... 40 The LX200 Keypad Hand Controller ...... 14 The M (Messier) Catalog ...... 46 ENTER Key...... 14 MODE Key...... 14 Appendix D: Maintaining Your LX200 ...... 48 GO TO Key ...... 14 Keeping Your Telescope Clean and Dry ...... 48 Direction Keys ...... 14 Collimation (Alignment) of the Optical System . . 49 Speed Keys...... 15 RET Key ...... 15 Right Ascension (R.A.) Lock...... 50 FOCUS Key...... 15 Behind the Power Panel...... 50 MAP Key...... 15 Factory Service and Repairs ...... 50 Object Keys...... 15 PREVand NEXT Keys...... 15 Appendix E: LX200 Personal Computer Control. . 51 The LX200 Power Panel ...... 15 The RS-232 Cable...... 51 ON/OFF Switch ...... 16 LX200 Test Program ...... 51 Ammeter ...... 16 LX200 Command Set...... 52 DECMotor Port ...... 16 1. Command Set Formats ...... 52 CCD Port...... 16 2. General Telescope Information...... 52 POWER 18vDC Port ...... 16 3. Telescope Motion...... 53 Keypad Port...... 16 4. Home Position...... 53 Reticle Port ...... 16 5. Library/Objects ...... 53 Focuser Port ...... 16 6. Miscellaneous ...... 54 RS-232 Port...... 16 LX200 Demo Program ...... 55 Field De-Rotator Port...... 16 12vDC Output ...... 16 Appendix F: LX200 Specifications...... 59 - 5 - INTRODUCTION catalog. As a new LX200 owner, you are preparing for a journey into the • 7,840 NGC (New General Catalog) objects:* c o m p l e t e universe with the most advanced amateur telescope ever Catalog. produced. This instrument is the culmination of twenty years of * innovation and design at Meade Instruments. Never before • 5,386 IC (Index Catalog) objects: complete catalog. have the features that you have in your hands been available • 21,815 GCVS (General Catalog of Variable Stars) objects: to amateur astronomers: from robotic object-location to the complete catalog. revolutionary Smart Drive and the most stable mounting • 351 alignment stars: LX200 alignment stars. structure ever. Your telescope comes to you ready for adventure; it will be your tour guide and traveling companion in • 110 M (Messier) objects: complete catalog. a universe of planets, galaxies, and stars. • 8 major planets, from Mercury to Pluto. Meade 16” LX200 Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescopes (SCT) are instruments of advanced mirror-lens design for astronomical *NGC 2000 and IC databases are copyrighted by Sky and terrestrial applications. Optically and mechanically, the 16” Publishing Corporation and used with their permission. telescope model is perhaps the most sophisticated and precisely manufactured telescope ever made available to the 3. Altazimuth Mode Operation serious amateur. This telescope enables the visual astronomer to reach out for detailed observations of the planets of our Solar For all visual observing applications and for lunar and planetary System and beyond to distant nebulae, star clusters, and photography, you may set up the telescope in the altazimuth galaxies. mode. Just attach its drive base directly to the tripod, use the The astrophotographer will find a virtually limitless range of fast 1-star alignment procedure, and the telescope’s computer possibilities. With the precision Meade worm-gear motor-drive actuates 2-axis tracking. This keeps objects precisely centered system, long-exposure guided photography becomes not a in the field, even at high powers, during the entire observing distant goal but an achievable reality. The capabilities of the session. instrument are essentially limited not by the telescope, but by For long-exposure astrophotography, the telescope has an the acquired skills of the observer and photographer. optional field de-rotator. It eliminates the image rotation caused IMPORTANT NOTE by altazimuth tracking. If you are anxious to use your LX200 for the first time, at the very least be sure to read TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY 4. Terrestrial Operation (page 7),and QUICKSTART (page 9).Thereafter, we urge you to read the balance of this manual thoroughly at The Meade LX2 0 0 makes an incredible land-viewing your leisure, so you may fully enjoy the many features telescope. Set it up in the atazimuth format, activate the Land offered by this instrument. menu option on the telescope’s computer, and use the keypad to track land objects on both axes at any of the same four drive speeds! What Is the LX200? An Overview

Meade LX200 SCTs mark a new era in telescope technology 5. Keypad and Power Panel Functions for the amateur astronomer, whether beginner or seasoned veteran. For the beginner, LX2 0 0 electronics permit the The multifunction capability of the LX2 0 0 includes the location and observation of the major planets as well as following: hundreds of deep-sky objects the very first night you use the Direct connection of popular CCD autoguider/imagers t e l e s c o p e. For the experienced amateur, the telescope’s pushbutton electric slewing, digital readouts, Smart Drive, and RS-232 serial interface with a personal computer (PC), many other features open up undreamed of visual and photo- allowing you to perform all the keypad functions through, or graphic capabilities. write custom telescope software for, a PC Brightness-level control of an illuminated reticle eyepiece 1. H e avy-Duty Mounts with 4-Speed Dual-Axis from the keypad and special pulse-mode reticle operation Electronics Electric focuser controls DC servo-motor-controlled worm-gear drives on both telescope HOME and PARK commands, which allow true remote axes permit observatory-level precision in tracking, guiding, observations and slewing (moving). The 4-speed dual-axis drives cover every possible contingency of telescope positioning. Press the Smart Drive SLEW button on the keypad controller for rapid motion of the telescope across the skies at up to 4° per sec. on both axes Smart Drive is included on all Meade 16” LX200 Schmidt- simultaneously. Once near the target, switch instantly to the Cassegrain telescopes. This technology is used to correct FIND speed for centering in the viewfinder at 1° per sec. periodic error (errors induced by tiny gear imperfections that Observing the object in the main telescope, use the CNTR tend to slightly speed up or slow down the drive tracking speed, speed (16x sidereal) to place the object in the center of the that occur in a regular four-minute pattern, or for every rotation field. During long-exposure astrophotography press the GUIDE of the worm) for enhancing the tracking characteristics of your button for precise corrections at 2x sidereal speed. LX200. This greatly simplifies guiding during astrophotography. 2. Built-in 64,359-Object Library Most observing programs that the 16” LX200 will be used for, can be done with the telescope in an ALTAZ setup (explained Enter into the keypad any object from the following object later in this manual). ALTAZ operation incorporates both the libraries, press GO TO, and the telescope automatically slews horizontal movement and the vertical movement motors when to the object at up to 4° per sec. and centers it in the main tracking celestial objects through the sky. Since both of these telescope field. The object libraries are as follows: motor/gear systems can have periodic error, Smart Drive • 15,928 SAO stars (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) monitors both axes, continuously correcting periodic error Catalog of Stars: all stars brighter than 7th magnitude. during tracking, a first in commercial telescopes. • 12,921 UGC (Uppsala General Catalog) galaxies: complete When used as an equatorial telescope (described later), the - 6 - 16” LX200 uses only one motor to track, and in this case Inspecting the Optics Smart Drive corrects for periodic error in one axis only. CAUTION: Serious damage to the drive gears may Smart Drive uses a model of the gear system to perform result from shock in handling. During transport or periodic error correction (minute correction to the tracking rate commercial shipping,the R.A.lock (6,Fig.1) and/or the of each motor). This model is created at the factory and stored Dec. lock (18, Fig. 1) must not be engaged. Always in non-volatile memory. Smart Drive activates automatically release the locks when storing in the case or when and transparently to the user. crating for commercial shipment. This allows the telescope to give if the case or crate is sharply jarred Standard Equipment or dropped. The optical and mechanical axes of all LX200 The 16” LX200 includes the following: telescopes have been carefully aligned at the factory to 16” Schmidt Cassegrain optical tube assembly (f/10) with ensure accurate object pointing. Do not loosen or super multi-coatings (D = 406.4mm, F = 4064mm f/10) r e m ove the optical tube assembly from the tube Heavy-duty fork mount, with 6” diameter sealed polar ball adapters (19, Fig 1).The resulting misalignment of the bearing, quartz micro-processor-controlled 11” worm gears axes will result in inaccurate slewing of the telescope on both axes, and multi-function power panel display on the in the GO TO mode. Do not attempt to turn the focuser drive base knob of the optical tube until you have read the following note. Manual and electric slow-motion controls on both axes 4-speed drive control on both axes, CAUTION: Next to the base of the focuser is a red slot- PPEC Smart Drive on both axes head bolt, used only for safety in shipment. Remove Keypad hand controller with digital readout display this bolt before attempting to turn the focuser knob. In its place, insert the rubber plug provided as a dust GO TO controller, and 64,359-object software library p rotector (this rubber plug is included with yo u r Setting circles in Right Ascension (R.A.) and Declination hardware package). (Dec.) The 16” LX200 should never be commercially shipped Series 4000 SP 26mm eyepiece without the red bolt in place. This is essential during 8 x 50mm viewfinder c o m m e rcial transport , where rough handling may #929 diagonal mirror (2"/1.25") occur.Your transport and storage of the telescope will never require this bolt. 16" field tripod with leveling legs Operating instructions A Note on the Flashlight Test 25 ft. power cords for telescope operation from 115vAC If a flashlight or high-intensity light source is pointed down the main telescope tube, you may be surprised at the appearance UNPACKING AND INSPECTION of the optics. To the uninitiated, the view (depending on your line of sight and the angle the light is coming from) may reveal what As you begin to unpack your telescope from its cartons, you would appear to be scratches, dark or bright spots, or just may wish to set it up right away. Please take a few minutes to generally uneven coatings, giving the appearance of poor read this page before doing so. You should verify that you have surface quality. These effects are only seen when a high- all the proper equipment and that it has reached you intensity light is transmitted through lenses or reflected off the undamaged. mirrors. They can be seen on any high quality optical system, including the giant research telescopes in use today. The We stro n g ly recommend that you keep your original flashlight test casts even the very best optics in an packing materials. If you should ever need to return your uncomplimentary light. Optical quality cannot be judged by this telescope to the Meade factory for servicing, these will help test, but through careful star testing. prevent shipping damage. As the high-intensity light passes through the Schmidt corrector Meade LX200 telescopes supplied to countries outside the plate, most of it (about 98%+) is transmitted. The rest of the light U.S.A. are identical to those offered domestically, with the scatters through the glass. As the light hits the mirrored exception of the AC wall adapter. surfaces, most of it (about 94%) is reflected back. The rest of it scatters across the coatings. The total amount of scattered light What You Should Have will be significant, and its effects allow you to see microscopic details that are normally invisible to the unaided eye. These Carefully unpack and remove all the telescope parts from their anomalous details are real, but their combined effects will in no packing materials. Compare each part to the Packing Program way impose limits on the optical performance, even under the (packed with the telescope) to verify that you have each part. most demanding observing or imaging criteria. Place a check next to each item as you identify it. The Packing Program represents the original specifications for this Commercial Reshipment instrument. Each telescope has been inspected twice at the To re-ship the 16” LX200 commercially, be sure to follow this factory to confirm the inclusion of every item. procedure: Look Everything Over 1. Turn the focuser knob clockwise until it stops. This will bring the primary mirror all the way back in the tube. Meade Instruments and your shipper have taken precautions to ensure that no shipping damage will occur, but if your shipment 2. Remove the rubber plug and insert the red bolt. Thread it in has suffered severe vibration or impact damage (whether or not to a firm feel. Do not overtighten (if you have misplaced the the shipping cartons show damage), retain all the original red bolt, you may use any other bolt that is 1/4-20x1" long.) packing and contact the shipper to arrange a formal inspection 3. When packaging the 16” LX200, be sure to release the of the package or packages. This procedure is required prior to R.A. lock (6, Fig. 1) and Dec. lock (18, Fig. 1) to prevent any warranty servicing by Meade Instruments. shock to the gears in the motor assemblies should the package suffer rough handling. Commercial shipment of the 16" LX200 Telescope without the For most observations, the drive base (16, Fig. 1) of the safety bolt in place and packed in the original factory supplied telescope’s fork mount is attached directly to the 16” field shipping containers as described above is done at the owner’s tripod. The telescope is then mounted in an altazimuth risk and your warranty may be voided if shipping damage (altitude-azimuth or vertical-horizontal) format. In this results. configuration the telescope moves along vertical and horizontal axes, corresponding respectively to the Dec. and R.A. axes (explained later in this manual) in an astronomical observing TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY mode.

Use the following procedure to assemble your telescope: Alternately, the telescope can be mounted on a permanent pier, which is set for the latitude of the observing location (see The 16” Field Tripod APPENDIX A for instructions on using the telescope in equatorial The 16” Field Tripod (Figs. 2 and 3) for the Meade 16” LX200 mode). The equatorial mode permits alignment of t h e telescope is supplied as a completely assembled unit, except telescope’s polar axis with the Celestial Pole (or North Star). for the spreader bar (4, Fig. 2) and the six lock-knobs (5, Fig. After removing the field tripod from its shipping carton, stand 2). There are two knobs for each of the three tripod legs. They the tripod vertically, with the tripod feet down and with the tripod are used to adjust the level of the tripod. These knobs are still fully collapsed (see Fig. 3). Remove the lower knob, packed separately for safety in shipment. releasing the tension hub (7, Fig. 2). This knob is used only when storing the field tripod. Moving one leg at a time, gently pull the legs apart. As the legs are opened, the tension hub will 1 2 move down the threaded rod (2, Fig. 2) until it is free from the threaded rod. Continue to move the legs apart to a fully open position.

Thread in the two lock-knobs (5, Fig. 2) for each tripod leg, near the foot of each leg. These lock-knobs are used to fix the position of the inner tripod leg sections. These sections are 4 used to level the telescope (described below). 3 5 NOTE: Tightening to a firm-feel is sufficient. Over-tightening may result in stripping of the knob threads or damage to the tripod legs. It gives no additional strength.

Loosen the tension knob (3, Fig. 2), holding the spreader bar 7 (4, Fig. 2), and slide the spreader bar down the threaded rod 6 until you can rotated it so that the three arms align with the three tripod legs. Tighten the tension knob; firm tightening of the tension knob is sufficient to result in rigid positioning of the legs. Do not use force in tightening this knob.

To collapse the tripod (after removing the telescope) for storage, follow these steps: Fig.2: LX200 Field Tripod. (1) Tripod head; (2) Threaded rod; (3) Tension knob; (4) Spreader bar; (5) lock-knobs; a. Loosen the tension knob and rotate the spreader bar 60° (6) Extension strut; (7) Tension hub. from its assembled position, so that one spreader bar arm is located between each adjacent pair of tripod legs.

b. Move the spreader bar to the top of the threaded rod. Tighten the tension knob, locking the bar.

c. Working one leg at a time, gradually collapse the legs of the field tripod until the tension hub is positioned onto the threaded rod. Use the second tension knob to secure the tension hub in place.

PRECAUTIONARY NOTES • If the tripod does not extend or collapse easily, do not force the tripod legs in or out. If you follow the instructions above, the tripod will function properly. Forcing the tripod into an incorrect position may damage the extension strut system. • Do not overtighten the six lock-knobs (5, Fig. 2) used to fix the inner tripod leg sections at various heights. Firm-feel tightening is suff i c i e n t ; overtightening can damage the leg. • Be sure the spreader bar (4, Fig. 2) is not upside- down on the threaded rod. See Fig. 3 for proper Fig.3: Field Tripod (collapsed). orientation. - 8 -

Attaching the 16” Drive Base a. Loosen the focus lock ring (17, Fig. 1). a. Rotate the field tripod so that one leg is pointing b. While looking at a star, rotate the dew shield (1, Fig. 1) until approximately South (it need not point exactly South). the star is in focus (this refocuses the objective lens). b. Position the 16” drive base (16, Fig. 1) onto the field tripod, CAUTION:Take care when rotating counter clockwise. with the power panel facing North, away from the South- You are unthreading the dew shield; it may fall off if facing tripod leg. Secure the drive base using the three 1/2”- rotated too far. Refocusing the objective lens will 13x1-1/2” long bolts. These bolts thread up through the require only a few turns of the dew shield at most. underside of the tripod head (1, Fig. 2) into the drive base. Firmly tighten these bolts. c. When the dew shield is rotated to the sharpest focus for your eye, tighten the focus lock ring against the dew shield to fix c. Level the drive base by loosening the six lock-knobs (5, Fig. its position. 2) and sliding out the inner tripod legs until the bubble level on the drive base reads level. 3. Collimating the Viewfinder Attaching the Fork The viewfinder will require collimation (alignment) with the main a. Place the single-piece fork onto the top of the drive base. telescope. Using the 26mm eyepiece, point the main telescope One side of the base of the fork has a cut out to allow at some easily found land object (e.g., the top of a distant clearance for the R.A. lock (6, Fig. 1) and R.A. slow-motion telephone pole) at least 200 yards away. Center this object in control (7, Fig. 1), which are located on top of the drive base. the main telescope. Then turn the six nylon collimation thumbscrews (2, Fig. 1) until the crosshairs of the viewfinder are b. Bolt the fork to the drive base using the four 3/8”-16x1” long precisely centered on the object already centered in the main bolts (6, Fig. 5). Tighten to a firm feel only. telescope. With this collimation accomplished, objects located Mounting the Optical Tube Assembly (OTA) first in the wide-field viewfinder will then be centered in the main telescope’s field of view. This step requires two people who can lift up to 70 pounds each. The optical tube assembly (OTA) weighs about 125 lbs. and it Attaching the Diagonal Mirror and Eyepiece must be positioned accurately in order to mount to the fork. The diagonal mirror (12, Fig. 1) threads directly onto the rear- a. Located on the two top surfaces of the fork are two shoulder cell of the 16” telescope and, in turn, accepts the supplied 1.25” bolts. These two bolts function as locating pins for the OTA. (outer diameter) eyepiece. For astronomical observations, the On the inside edge of the Dec. castings are two matching diagonal mirror generally provides the most comfortable right- holes (with slots). Before trying to mount the OTA, be sure to angle viewing position. With the diagonal prism, telescopic locate these two bolts and holes. Notice that the bolts and images appear correctly oriented up-and-down, but still holes are located on one side of the castings, requiring the reversed left-for-right. For terrestrial applications, where a fully OTA to be mounted one way only. corrected image orientation is desired—both up-and-down and b. Be sure that the Dec. lock-knob (18, Fig. 1) is tight (to a firm left-right—the optional eyepiece holder and #924 Erecting Prism feel only). With you on one side of the OTA and your or #928 45° Erect-Image Diagonal Prism should be ordered assistant on the other side, grasp the two handles on each s e p a r a t e l y. Eyepieces are held in place by a moderate side and lift the OTA onto the top of the fork. Position the tightening of the thumbscrew on the diagonal prism. holes over the shoulder bolts. When they are in place, slide the OTA back so that the shoulder bolts lock into the slots. Attaching the Power and Data Cords c. Lock the OTA in place using the four 3/8”-16x3/4” bolts (21, Fig 1). These four bolts thread up into the bottom of the Dec. C AU T I O N : A lw ays turn the power OFF befo r e castings, two on each side. Tighten to a firm feel only. connecting or disconnecting any cables. Mounting the Viewfinder Several power and data cords are supplied with the 16” LX200. The 16” LX200 is supplied as standard equipment with an These should all be attached before powering up the telescope. 8 x 50mm straight-through viewfinder. The bracket for this viewfinder is packed separately from the finder itself, and six 1. Confirm that the power switch on the power panel is OFF. black nylon thumbscrews (2, Fig. 1) for collimation (alignment) Plug the 18-volt wall adapter into any 100vAC-to-240vAC are pre-threaded into the viewfinder bracket. The viewfinder power source. Then plug the 25-foot power cord into the wall bracket mounts onto the telescope with a quick-release mount (see adapter and the other end into the 18-volt power connector Fig. 1). on the power panel. 2. Connect the large coil cord to the Dec. motor connector on 1. Attaching the Viewfinder the power panel and the Dec. motor connector on the lower The viewfinder is shipped separately from the bracket and must part of the fork. This cord uses a DB-9 type connector and be installed into the bracket. Slide the viewfinder into the bracket should be locked in place with the two thumbscrews supplied. and lightly tighten the six collimation (alignment) screws (2, Fig. This coil cord is reversible and can be connected with either 1). end in either connector. The quick-release mount allows the viewfinder to be attached or 3. A short DB-9 cord (8” long) is supplied to provide power from removed from the telescope easily. To attach the unit, slide the the fork to the Dec. system. It is connected between the two viewfinder with the bracket into the front of the mating base on DB-9 connectors located at the top of the right side of the fork the telescope, then tighten the two thumbscrews. and the Dec. casting. 4. Connect the keypad to the power panel using the small coil 2. Focusing the Viewfinder cord with the telephone connectors on each end. The viewfinder has been pre-focused at the factory. However, 5. If the fan will be used, connect the supplied coil cord from the should it become necessary to adjust the focus, follow these fan to the 12vDC output jack. steps: - 9 - Southern Hemisphere Operation telescope rapidly through wide angles in Dec. With the above mechanical operations in mind, select an easy- The 16” LX200 is shipped with the North/South jumper set for to-find terrestrial object as your first telescope subject, for North (i.e., with the jumper on one pin only). This jumper is example, a house or building about one-half mile distant. located near the top left corner of the telescope’s printed circuit board (1, Fig. 4). For Southern Hemisphere operation, move the Unlock the Dec. lock-knob (18, Fig. 1) and R.A. lock (6, Fig. 1), jumper to cover both pins. center the object in the telescopic field of view, and re-lock the Dec. and R.A. locks. Precisely center the image by using the JMPR3 keypad arrow keys to move the telescope. The focus knob (5, Fig. 1) is located at the four-o’clock position as you face the rear cell of the telescope. Precise motion of the telescope primary mirror focuses the image. As you turn the 1 focus knob, there are no externally moving parts. Turning the focus knob counter-clockwise, you are focusing towards the infinity setting, and turning clockwise is for close distance. There are about 45 complete turns to go from one end of focus to the other, and it is possible to focus past infinity. Be patient during focusing as images quickly go in and out of focus with only a slight amount of turning of the focus knob.

Using the LX200 In LAND Mode

The 16” LX200 telescope is shipped with the microprocessor set to LAND mode. This is the align menu option that you will wish Fig.4: 16” LX200 Printed Circuit Board. (1) North/South to use to view terrestrial objects. In this menu option, four motion jumper. speeds are active, allowing the telescope to be moved electronically by means of the keypad. To use the telescope in QUICK START LAND mode, follow these steps: 1. Loosen the Dec. lock-knob (18, Fig. 1) and position the optical To utilize all the features of the telescope, enter the required tube assembly approximately level, so that the Dec. setting information into the telescope’s computer memory and learn the circle (3, Fig. 1) reads 0°. Retighten the Dec. lock-knob. menu structure of the keypad hand controller, which is described in the rest of this manual. Although the LX200 electronics are 2. Loosen the R.A. lock (2, Fig. 5) and rotate the telescope so advanced, the telescope is straightforward to operate. that the R.A. Vernier pointer (4, Fig. 5) and the Hour Angle (H.A.) pointer (5, Fig. 5) approximately align with each other. If you are reading this manual for the first time and are anxious This positions the fork arms so that they are parallel to the to begin observing through the telescope, this section will power panel (10, Fig. 1). describe how to use the telescope without going through the rest of the manual. Come back and read the details, for most of the 2 t e l e s c o p e ’s features can not be accessed without a full 6 1 knowledge of these details.

Using the LX200 Manually The easiest way to use the telescope is to operate it manually. With the telescope mounted on the field tripod (as described in 4 TELESCOPE ASSEMBLY, page 7), and with the diagonal mirror 3 and eyepiece in place, you are ready to make observations 5 through the telescope. Even without the viewfinder (if it is not yet installed), terrestrial objects will be fairly easy to locate and Fig. 5: 16”LX200 Azimuth System. (1) Slow-motion control center in the telescope’s field of view with a low-power eyepiece knob; (2) R.A. lock-knob; (3) R.A. setting circle; by “gun sighting” along the side of the main telescope tube. (4) R.A. Vernier pointer; (5) Hour angle (H.A.) pointer; Unlocking the R.A. lock (6, Fig. 1) lets the telescope turn rapidly (6) Fork-mounting bolts. through wide angles in R.A. The above two steps are not required for the telescope to work. NOTE: The terms Right Ascension and Declination will be The telescope has some illegal positions (places where the discussed presently.For now, R.A.simply means horizontal and telescope will not go) and these two steps ensure proper Dec.means vertical. operation. 3. After setting up the telescope, connect all cords as described For fine adjustment in R.A., turn the R.A. slow-motion control in Attaching the Power and Data Cords, page 8. knob (7, Fig. 1) while the R.A. lock is in the unlocked position. 4. On the power panel, turn on the LX200 power switch. The The R.A. slow-motion control knob may be turned, if desired, keypad display (1, Fig. 6) will show MEADE for several with the R.A. lock in a partially locked position. In this way, a seconds as the microprocessor performs a diagnostic self- comfortable drag in R.A. is created. But do not attempt to test. When the test is complete, the display shows operate the R.A. slow-motion control knob with the telescope TELESCOPE on the top line and OBJECT LIBRARY on the fully locked in R.A.This may damage the internal gear system. lower line. The red LED light next to the SLEW button will light Releasing the Dec. lock-knob (18, Fig. 1), permits sweeping the up. 5. At this point the LX200 is ready to use. Select the speed at CAUTION: Do not attempt to move the telescope which you want to move the telescope by pressing the manually in a horizontal direction when the R.A.lock is appropriate speed-selection key (4, Fig. 6). You will be able to in the locked position. see the telescope move only in the SLEW and MOVE modes. - 10 - 2. Location of the Observing Site

NOTE:The SITE information cannot be entered if the telescope 1 is in LAND mode. If the telescope is in LAND mode, the SITE menu option (display 2) will appear in lower case letters (see Which Alignment Method to Use, page 13). Follow steps 4 through 8 in Setting up the Telescope, page 11, to change the telescope’s operation to altazimuth (ALTAZ) mode before proceeding. 2 You should find the position of your observing site to within one or two minutes of arc in both latitude and longitude. Many automobile, pilot, and topographical maps, as well as most atlases show latitude and longitude in 15-minute increments or better. The accuracy of the LX200 will depend on how close you get, so take a little time to get as accurate as you can. 4 3 Once you ascertain the above information, you can enter it into the telescope. It is easiest to enter the data with the telescope sitting on a table indoors—do not try to do it outdoors at night. This section presents the steps without details or explanations to keep the process simple. Next to each step is a sample of what the keypad hand controller display (1, Fig. 6) should look like after each step. Fig.6: Keypad hand controller. (1) Display); (2) Direction keys; (3) Speed indicator LEDs; (4) Speed selection keys. As an example, we will enter the data for Irvine, CA (LAT = 33°35', LONG = 117°42'). If at any time you get lost, turn off the Motion Speeds telescope and restart this procedure. SLEW (7) = 4°/sec a. Turn the telescope power on. After a few seconds (after FIND (4) = 1°/sec the diagnostic self-test completes), the display looks like CNTR (1) = 240 arcsec/sec Display 1. GUIDE (0) = 30 arcsec/sec TELESCOPE Display 1 OBJECT LIBRARY You can see CNTR (center) and GUIDE motions only while looking through the telescope. The red LED light next to the b. Press the ENTER key. This selects the TELESCOPE appropriate key (3, Fig. 6) lights, indicating the speed functions. The display should now look like Display 2. selected. Press one of the four direction keys (2, Fig. 6) to move the telescope in that direction at the selected speed. Display 2 1) SITE You can move the LX200 manually with the R.A. and Dec. 2) ALIGN locks released or as described above. When the power is on, use only the N, S, E, and W keys on the keypad hand c. Press the ENTER key. This selects the SITE functions. controller. The display should look like Display 3.

Using the LX200 In ALTAZ (Altazimuth ) Mode 1) A A A Display 3 2) A A A The two quick-start methods described above allow you to use the telescope, but they do not use the computer features d. Press and hold the ENTER key until the keypad hand available, including finding objects from the object library and controller beeps. This selects the first site for editing. The automatic tracking of stars. display should look like Display 4, with the first A flashing. For these features to work, the telescope’s power must be on, and the computer needs some basic information, which is 1) A A A entered through the keypad. Once entered, the information is Display 4 permanently remembered by the telescope’s computer and 2) A A A need never be entered again, even if the telescope is turned on e. Press the ENTER key. The display should look like and off. Display 5. This section explains which keys to push to get the minimum data required into the computer (see MODEFUNCTIONS, page LAT = +00° 00’ 17, for detailed instructions). The steps detailed here take a few Display 5 minutes and allow you to begin making using all the LX200 LONG = 000° 00’ features. f. Use the number keys to enter your latitude. The underline designates the current cursor position. You can correct 1. Entering Basic Information mistakes by moving back (using the E and W keys). Enter For the LX200 to make the conversions between the stellar a negative latitude by positioning the cursor under the plus coordinate system (R.A. and Dec.) and the altazimuth (+) sign and pressing the NEXT key (the lower right-hand coordinate system (altitude and azimuth), it needs three pieces key). When the latitude is correct, press ENTER. The of information. This information must be entered once — the display will look like Display 6. LX200 remembers data even when the power is off. However, check and reset the time, if necessary, at each observing Display 6 LAT = +33° 35’ session. LONG = 000° 00’ - 11 - g. Use the number keys to enter your longitude as above. When complete, the display will look like Display 7. U.S.A.TIME-ZONE SHIFT TIME STANDARD DAYLIGHT Display 7 LAT = +33° 35’ ZONE TIME TIME LONG = 117° 42’ HAWAII +10 hours +9 hours h. Press ENTER to complete the site information input. The display PACIFIC +8 hours +7 hours returns to Display 3. MOUNTAIN +7 hours +6 hours i. Press MODE to return to Display 2. CENTRAL +6 hours +5 hours j. Press MODE again to return to Display 1. EASTERN +5 hours + 4 hours The longitude standard used in the LX2 0 0 starts at 0° in ATLANTIC +4 hours +3 hours Greenwich, England, and increases toward the West to 359° 59 minutes. Many maps show Easterly longitudes that cannot be For example: If you live in the Pacific Time Zone and you are on entered directly into the keypad display. If your map indicates that Daylight Time, the GMT time shift is +7 hours. you are at an Easterly longitude of 18° 27 minutes, you would enter 341° 33 minutes. f. Use the number keys to enter the GMT time-zone shift determined from the table above. Press ENTER when done; the Do not be concerned with differences in latitude and longitude as display will go back to Display 8. If you are using the LX200 they pertain to different map spheroid projections. T h o s e East of Greenwich,England, you must enter a minus (–) GMT differences are too small to harm the latitude and longitude data time-zone shift by moving the blinking cursor backwards in the input. display with the W key and then pressing the NEXT key. The + 3. Local Time and Date (plus) sign will change to – (minus). Use the number keys to enter the Westerly (+) GMTtime-zone shift determined from the NOTE: A standard quartz clock controls the Time function on the table above or your calculated Easterly (–) time-zone shift. 16” LX200 telescope. Like any timepiece, the internal clock of the telescope should be checked periodically and updated to keep it as g. Press the ENTER key. This selects the DATE display (Display accurate as possible. 12), with a random date showing. Set the local time as accurately as possible, using the 24-hour format. The local time and date determine sidereal time (star time). Display 12 DATE = 0 7 / 11 / 9 1 The pointing accuracy of the telescope depends on the accuracy of the time entered. Choose a reliable source, such as your local airport or telephone company, as a reference for accurate time. In h. Press and hold the ENTER key until the keypad hand controller the USA you can double-check the accuracy of the exact minutes beeps. The display will look like Display 13, with the blinking by dialing WWV for the universal coordinated time at (303) 499- cursor over the first number. 7111 (be sure to enter your local time hour information, not the U.T. hour). For the example, we will use 2:40:00 P.M. on August 5, 2000. Display 13 DATE = 0 7 / 11 / 9 1 a. The display should look like Display 1. If it does not, press the MODE key until it does. b. Press the MODE key twice. The display will look like Display 8, i. Use the number keys to enter the current date. The display but with a random LOCALand SIDE times. should look like Display 14. Use the W and E keys to move the blinking cursor left and right to correct any mistakes. LOCAL = 11:24:30 Display 8 SIDE = 21:38:02 Display 14 DATE = 0 8 / 0 5 / 0 0 c. Press and hold the ENTER key until the keypad hand controller beeps (display like Display 9). j. Press the ENTER key when the date is correct. After you press the ENTER key, the keypad hand controller display Display 9 LOCAL = 11:24:30 SIDE = 21:38:02 Updating planetary data. The position of the planets depends on the date, so any time the date is changed, the planet positions are d. Using the number keys, enter the current local time to within 5 recalculated. seconds. (Remember, 2:40:00 P.M. is 14:40:00 in the 24-hour format.) Corrections can be made by moving the flashing cursor This is all the information the LX200 needs to use all features. The using the W and E keys. The display should look like Display 10. next steps align the telescope with the night sky. (NOTE: The time should be checked and reset about once a month.) 4. Setting Up the Telescope After the basic information has been entered into the telescope, the Display 10 LOCAL = 14:40:00 telescope is ready to set up and use. Follow TELESCOPEASSEMBLY SIDE = 21:38:02 (page 7) to set up the telescope outside, and follow these steps: e. Press the ENTER key when the time is correct. The display a. Using the bubble level (14, Fig. 1) located on the telescope’s changes to Display 11. drive base, level the telescope. The telescope’s pointing ability depends on the telescope being level. Make sure that the bubble is precisely centered by adjusting the length of the Display 11 Hours from GMT: + 0 8 three tripod legs. b. Loosen the Dec. lock-knob (18, Fig. 1) and position the optical Enter the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) time-zone shift by looking tube assembly approximately level (so that the Dec. setting up your time zone in the following table: circle (3, Fig. 1) reads 0°. Retighten the Dec. lock-knob. - 12 - c. Loosen the R.A. lock-knob (2, Fig. 5) and rotate the m. Using the monthly star charts (A P P E N D I X B) pick an telescope so that the R.A. Vernier pointer (4, Fig. 5) and alignment star. Look at the chart for the current month and the Hour Angle (H.A.) pointer (5, Fig. 5) are approximately face the direction indicated. The constellations shown are in line with each other. This orients the fork arms parallel easily found, even in the city. The charts are approximately to the power panel (10, Fig. 1). Lock the R.A. lock-knob (2, 90° wide, with the top of the chart indicating straight up. If Fig. 5). the time is after 9:00 PM, use the next month’s chart. Once you identify the constellation, pick any of the labeled stars Steps (1) and (2) are not required for the telescope to work; that is not within a 10° radius of overhead, but do not an approximation is sufficient. The telescope has some illegal choose Polaris. Polaris (the North Star) is shown for positions (places where it will not go), and these two steps reference only. insure proper operation. d. Turn the telescope on. After a few seconds (after the When you are aligning in ALTAZ, overhead stars can diagnostic self- test is complete), the display looks like confuse the LX200 because of an illegal position that Display 15. prevents the optical tube assembly from slewing past 90° altitude to protect the viewfinder from hitting the fork arm. Display 15 The LX200 tracks an overhead object, but it does so by TELESCOPE moving higher in altitude up to the illegal position, then the OBJECT LIBRARY drive speeds up and moves 180° in azimuth so that the optical tube assembly can now be lowered in altitude to keep up with the overhead object. e. Press the ENTER key. This selects the TELESCOPE functions. The display should look like Display 16. Confusion arises because the LX200 does not know which side of 180° of azimuth it is on. Similarly, Polaris presents position problems in ALTAZ alignment because it is so close Display 16 1) SITE 2) ALIGN to the North Celestial Pole. In this region of the sky, the lines of R.A. are so close together that even the high-resolution f. Press the NEXT key. This moves the arrow to the lower line encoders of the LX200 can yield ambiguous data. (see Display 17). In our example of August 5, we would use the August chart, 1) SITE face North, and look up about 45°. Cygnus is probably the Display 17 2) ALIGN The TELESCOPE and OBJECT L I B R A RY features are g. Press the ENTER key to select the ALIGN function. The accessed through a series of menus, which are shown on the display looks like Display 18. (If the display looks like hand controller display.You can scroll up or down through the Display 19, with a checkmark next to ALTAZ, go to step 9.) list of choices by using the PREV and NEXT keys, and selecting the indicated menu option with the ENTER key. 1) ALTAZ Menu choices that are shown in lower case letters are Display 18 2) POLAR unavailable in the current operating mode (LAND, ALTAZ, or POLAR). If you try to select a lower-case menu option, the h. Press the ENTER key to activate the ALTAZ mode. The hand controller emits three warning beeps. Three beeps keypad hand controller will beep and display a checkmark indicates an attempt to perform an invalid telescope next to the ALTAZ (see Display 19). operation.

Display 19 1) ALTAZ 2) POLAR easiest constellation to recognize, and we will use the star Deneb for our example. i. Press the ENTER key to use the checked mode (ALTAZ). Use the PREV and NEXT keys to scroll through the list of The keypad hand controller display look likes Display 20. alignment stars until the arrow is positioned on Deneb (Display 24). Display 20 1 Star or 2 Star Alignment Display 24 CASTOR A DENEB j. Press 1 to select Star. The display screen looks like Display 21. n. Press the ENTER key to select Deneb. The keypad hand Level base, then controller displays a message (Display 25). Display 21 press ENTER Display 25 Center DENEB k. If you have not already leveled the telescope, do so now. then press ENTER When the telescope is level, press ENTER. The display looks like Display 22. o. Center the alignment star (Deneb in our example) in the eyepiece of the telescope. You can move the telescope Press ENTER, then either of the following ways: Display 22 pick align star Manually by loosening the Dec. lock-knob and R.A. lock Electrically by using the N, S, W, and E keys. l. This message simply reminds you what you should do If moving the telescope electrically, use the speed keys, next. Press ENTER to show a display like Display 23. SLEW to get close, FIND to center in the viewfinder, and CNTR to center the star in the eyepiece. When the star is Display 23 ACHERNAR centered, press ENTER. ACRUX A The telescope is now aligned and fully functional. - 13 - The telescope will automatically begin to track objects. From SITE and TIME information as described in Entering Basic this point, move the telescope only through the hand controller. Information (page 10). You can use the third option when you Manual movements by loosening the Dec. or R.A. locks will do not know the SITE information or have not entered it into the cause the LX200 to lose position, requiring realignment. LX200’s memory.

5. MODE Key NOTE: In all alignment procedures, be sure the telescope is rotated so that the power panel is facing North. The LX200 has five basic hand controller displays; the MODE key is used to move between them. The five modes are: 1. 1-Star Alignment with Known SITE a. Telescope Functions. The TELESCOPE mode is where all The 1-star alignment routine is explained in detail in Setting Up telescope functions are changed or activated and the the Telescope (page 11). OBJECTLIBRARY is where the features of the object library are accessed. 2. 2-Star Alignment at Known SITE b. Telescope Position. The first display shows the RA and To use the 2-star alignment procedure at a known site, follow DEC (telescope position in stellar coordinates) and the these steps: second display (accessed by pressing the ENTER key) shows the telescope position in ALTAZ coordinates. 1. Select 2-star alignment (by pressing the 2 key); the keypad display prompts you to level the base. This leveling step c. Time and Date. The first display shows local and sidereal requires a rough level only and, unlike the 1-star alignment time and the second display (accessed by pressing the routine, does not affect the pointing accuracy of the ENTER key) shows the date. telescope. See Section (d) below for a summary of the d. Timer and Freq. This display is a countdown timer; it allows differences in telescope operation when selecting each of you to change drive rates. These are advanced features. the three alignment procedures. e. All Off. This mode simply turns off all displays and 2. After leveling the base and pressing ENTER, follow the backlighting. You can also adjust the backlighting brightness keypad display prompts to select the first alignment star. by pressing the ENTER key and using the PREV and NEXT Slew to that star using the N, S, E, W keys. keys to adjust the brightness. 3. Follow the keypad display prompts to choose and center the the second alignment star. Use the keypad to slew to the 6. Library Object Keys second star. After you press the ENTER key in the previous While you are in any of the five main keypad display modes, step, the keypad display shows the TELESCOPE/OBJECT you can directly access the library objects by using the M, LIBRARY screen. STAR, or CNGC keys (see APPENDIX C for more information on the 64,359-object library). Press an object key and type in the I m p o rtant Note: When you use either of the 2-star number of the object desired, followed by E N T E R. For alignment procedures (at a known SITE or at an unknown example, a good first object for the first part of the year is M42 S I T E ) , choosing the proper two stars determines the — the Great Orion Nebula. pointing accuracy of the telescope. Choose two stars that Press the M key, the 4 key, the 2 key, and finally the ENTER are at least 90¡ apart. Do not use Polaris because R.A. key. The display will show data on the object (name, rating, changes very fast at the Pole and minor centering errors object type, brightness, size). Now press GO TO. The telescope translate to large R.A. pointing errors. Also, avoid stars will automatically slew to M42. near the zenith (straight up) since azimuth changes very fast in this area.Generally speaking, choosing two stars as OBJECT LIBRARY PLANETLEGEND far apart as possible will yield very accurate pointing, PLANET STAR # PLANET STAR# often within a few arc minutes. MERCURY 901 SATURN 906 The LX200 calculates the distance between the two stars that VENUS 902 URANUS 907 you chose in the alignment steps and compares it to the distance that you actually slewed the telescope. This is a check MARS 904 NEPTUNE 908 to be sure that you centered the correct stars during alignment. JUPITER 905 PLUTO 909 Should the LX200 discover a discrepancy, the keypad will display: Align Mismatch — Check Stars. If you get this message after aligning the telescope, confirm that you are If the object entered is not above the horizon, the keypad hand using the correct stars and align again. controller will display the message Object Below Horizon. Other good first objects (if above the horizon) are any of the M 3. Alignment with Unknown Site objects, from M1 to M 110, and the planets. Consult the following table to find a planet (903 is the Moon.) To use the LX200 telescope at an unknown location, follow these steps:

Star Alignment 1. Select site #5 (UNKNOWN) from the SITE menu. NOTE: You cannot edit this site like site numbers 1 to 4 as The 2-star initialization routines provide three options for described in Entering Basic Information, page 10. aligning the LX200 telescope when in the ALTAZ mode. 2. Follow the keypad display prompts to select and center NOTE:The 2-star initialization routines apply only to the ALTAZ the two alignment stars. alignment mode (see MODEFUNCTIONS, page 17, for POLAR and LAND mode initialization). As described above, the LX200 checks the accuracy of the two stars and displays Align Mismatch — Check Stars if it detects The first and second options require that you have entered the an error. 1-Star 2-Star 2-Star Known Known Unknown 7 Pointing Level 2-Star 2-Star 1 Accuracy of Alignment Alignment 8 Determined Telescope By: 2

Atmospheric Yes Yes No 9 Refraction 3 Correction* 4 Atmospheric Level Level Not Refraction of of Applicable 5 10 Correction Telescope Telescope Determined By: 6 11

When Best used Best used Best used Best when the on a when the 12 Used telescope is transportable SITE permanently telescope information 13 mounted with the is not and SITE available Fig.7: Keypad hand controller. accurately information (1) ENTER key; (2) MODE key; (3) GO TO key; leveled available (4) Direction keys; (5) RETURN key; * Atmospheric Refraction Correction: Light from an (6) Speed keys; (7) Red LED light; (8) Display; astronomical object is refracted (bent) as it passes through (9) Focus key; (10) Object keys; (11) MAP key; the atmosphere. This refracting is more pronounced near (12) NEXT key; (13) PREVIOUS key. the horizon because there is more atmosphere for the light to pass through, and it shifts the apparent position of the star. The LX200 calculates this bending and compensates The LX200 keypad has the following keys: for it when slewing to objects near the horizon. ENTER Key 4. Which Alignment Method to Use Use the ENTER key (1, Fig. 7) to select either a menu file or Each of the three methods described above has advantages a file option or to edit a value. To select a file or an option, and disadvantages. The following table summarizes these press and release the ENTER key. The LX200 emits a short properties. beep and performs the action that you requested.

THE LX200 KEYPAD HAND CONTROLLER To edit a value, press and hold the ENTER key until you The optics, mechanics, electronics, and software of the hear a double beep and a blinking cursor appears in the telescope are integrated in order to make you a better display. (The ENTER key is used in certain additional astronomer. Yet he system is mastered easily enough for the situations, which are described in detail later). telescope to become a natural extension of the observer.

The LX200 gives you virtually every telescope function possible MODE Key with every control in a compact hand-held console. The red The MODE key (2, Fig.7) cycles through the five modes of LCD backlit keypad has tactile touch buttons (some of which are brighter than others), designed to have the right feel even the LX200. It is used to exit from specific menu files. if you wear gloves. Its red LCD backlit display, key arrangement, and easily understood information allow you to GO TO Key focus the telescope and your mind on the subject at hand. The GO TO key (3, Fig. 7) causes the LX200 automatically The LX200 keypad hand controller is a dual axis drive corrector to slew to specific library entry coordinates. The GO TO key with the following features: also produces a blinking cursor in the GO TO menu file of Periodic error control An information display center for the computerized library the COORDINATES/GO TO mode. This lets you to enter A digital coordinate readout system new R.A. and Dec. coordinates. A pulsing, illuminated-reticle eyepiece brightness controller A two-speed electric focuser controller Direction Keys A red LED flashlight! The N,S,E, and W keys (4, Fig. 7) make the LX200 move, or Within a few minutes of power-up, the keypad becomes warm, slew, in a specific direction. When you enter values, you can which is normal for the system. The electronics utilize a heat sink to provide the correct operating environment temperature use the E and W keys to move the blinking cursor back and for the LCD display, even in sub-zero weather. If you are in forth across the LCD display so you can correct errors. these colder conditions, the display may not be visible until the keypad has transferred enough heat. This process can take a The remaining 12 keys have multiple functions. Each one of few minutes after power-up. While severe cold weather is not these keys has alternate functions listed above the arrow damaging to the electronics, keep the keypad in a warmer area symbols and numbers. The ALT LED light is visible only to allow immediate proper display performance. when you are entering numerical data. - 15 - Speed Keys (SLEW, FIND, CENTER, and GUIDE) MAP Key

The SLEW, FIND, CENTER, and GUIDE keys (6, Fig. 7) let you The MAP key (11, Fig. 7) turns on and off the red LED flashlight, set the rate of movement (slew) speed in the drives of the LX200, which is located at the top of the keypad. The deep red LED light as activated by the N,S,E, and W keys. The speed-indicator will protect your night vision while you search for an accessory or illuminated LED beside the rate key that you press indicates the examine a star chart. selected rate. The speeds are SLEW (4° per second), FIND (1° per second), CNTR (16X sidereal rate), and GUIDE (2X sidereal rate). Object Keys (M, STAR, and CNGC) NOTE: Each slew speed drives the LX200 in all four directions, The M (Messier objects), STAR (stars and planets), and CNGC except for GUIDE. The 2X sidereal speed in GUIDE does not (Computerized New General Catalog) keys (10, Fig.6) allow interrupt the R.A.tracking direction to make Easterly (for Northern direct access to the LX200’s object library any time that you are hemisphere) or Westerly (for Southern hemisphere) adjustments; not editing a value, setting a parameter, or selecting a file menu. it will merely slow down the tracking drive to one half its normal Use the object keys when you are at a top level of a mode. After speed. However, the slower drive moves the image opposite of you press one of these keys, the keypad display cursor blinks. It the tracking direction, without disturbing the smooth drive action. then lets you enter the catalog number for objects listed in the This perfo rmance is essential when you are taking library (see APPENDIX C). After you enter the catalog number, astrophotographs. press the ENTER key. To see the entered object, press the GO TO key. The SLEW, FIND, CENTER, and GUIDE keys also have numbers (7, 4, 1, and 0, respectively). You will use the multiple function of The telescope has several object libraries; access them with the these keys when you edit a value. SLEW and FIND are also used STAR and CNGC keys. When you press the STAR or CNGC to set the fast focus speed for the electric focuser accessory keys, the display shows which object library you are currently in, option, and CNTR and GUIDE set the slow focus speed. Other and it waits for a number entry. To switch to a different library, special functions for the CNTR and GUIDE keys are discussed press the ENTER key instead of entering a number. below. The keypad display shows a menu of libraries available. Move the cursor to the desired library and press ENTER to select. The RET Key telescope remembers the database that you last accessed. Each Typically used for guiding the LX200 during an astrophotograph, time you press the STAR or CNGC keys, the same object the RET key (5, Fig. 7) is used to change the brightness and database displays on the first line of the keypad display. pulse rate of the optional corded-style illuminated-reticle eyepiece. Pressing either the PREV or NEXT (up and down PREV AND NEXT Keys arrow) keys while pressing the RET key alters the reticle- brightness level up or down. The PREV key (12, Fig. 7) and NEXT (up and down arrow) key (12, Fig. 7) move the display LCD arrow up and down the menu When guiding on very faint stars, you may find it helpful to pulse files and menu file options so you can select an option. Use these the light from the LED so that the reticle crosshairs blink on and keys also to adjust the RET brightness range or to activate the off. You can adjust the reticle brightness as well as the pulse electric focuser. PREV and NEXT also work to select the objects rates. You can use three pulse rates, each with a one-second from the object library when you use START FIND. pulse interval. Set the continuous-illumination control and pulse rates by holding down the RET key and pressing one of the following keys: GUIDE (100% on, no pulsing), CNTR (50% on, THE LX200 POWER PANEL 50% off), MAP (25% on, 75% off), CNGC (10% on, 90% off). The power panel has a power switch and LED indicators showing FOCUS Key power on with a current ammeter to show power draw. The power panel has all the connectors for the AC or DC power input, the The FOCUS key (9, Fig. 7) allows two-speed electric-focus DEC motor, and the keypad. There are connectors designed to control of the optional Meade #1206 Electric Focuser (or accept optional accessories, such as the following: equivalent corded electric focusers, such as the Meade Model CCD autoguiding camera #1200A). To activate, press either the SLEW or FIND key (for fast focusing) or the CNTR or GUIDE key (for slow focusing), press Optional Meade field de-rotator and hold the FOCUS key, and then press and hold the PREV or Meade #1206 Electric Focuser NEXT keys for near and far focus. illuminated-reticle eyepiece.

1 6

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3 10

9

Fig.8: 16” LX200 Power Panel. (1) Current (mAx 300) ammeter; (2) RS-232 port; 3) Field de-rotator port; (4) Focuser port; (5) Reticle port; (6) Keypad port; (7) ON/OFF switch, (8) 12v DC output (fan); (9) 18v DC power port; (10) CCD port; (11) DEC motor port. A connector for RS-232 communication even lets you perform Power 18 vDC Port every function of the keypad from your personal computer. The power 18vDC port (9, Fig. 8) accepts either the standard- ON/OFF Switch equipment AC converter or the optional DC power cord. The acceptable voltage range (under load) is from 12 to 18 volts. When you move the ON/OFF switch (7, Fig. 8) to the ON position, the power light indicator, current ammeter, and keypad Keypad Port light up. The drive motors start, which momentarily pegs the ammeter, then the drive motors shift to a slower speed, which The keypad port (6, Fig. 8) is a 4-pin phone jack connector allows the R.A. worm gear to find its centering position for socket, designed to accept standard 4-pin phone jack cords. calibrating the Smart Drive before returning to an even slower One end of the supplied coiled cord plugs into the keypad port; tracking speed. The keypad display reads MEADE, then the the other end plugs into the LX200 keypad. version of the software appears briefly before defaulting to T E L E S C O P E / O B J E C T L I B R A RY. Within 15 seconds, the Reticle Port planetary orbital calculations with their corresponding apparent The Reticle port (5, Fig. 8) accepts optional accessory corded, sizes and magnitudes and current stellar precession plug-in style illuminated-reticle eyepieces, such as the optional calculations are made. Every computer function is checked, Meade 12mm illuminated-reticle eyepiece or the Meade Series and the LX200 diagnostics are complete. 4000 Plössl 9mm illuminated-reticle eyepiece (corded style). These let you set brightness and on/off pulsing rates from the Ammeter LX200 keypad. The ammeter display (1, Fig. 8) is a series of vertical red LED Focuser Port bars. Each bar that is fully lit represents 0.3 Amp (300 milli- amperes) of current draw. The LED ammeter represents its The Focuser port (4, Fig. 8) accepts optional accessory corded, lowest value on the extreme left of the scale. During normal plug-in style electric focusers, such as the Meade #1206 tracking speeds, the ammeter shows about three fully lit LED Electric Focuser. These let you set electric focus from the bars and, at times, a fourth that is partially lit, indicating about LX200 keypad. 900 to 1000 milli-Amps or 0.9 to 1.0 Amps of current draw (when a slew is initiated the ammeter pegs the scale, RS-232 Port momentarily showing the inertia load; this effect is normal). The RS-232 port (2, Fig. 8) provides for personal computer The current draw information can be useful if you are trying to interface. This allows 9600 baud communications to access calculate how much battery life you will have during an every feature of the LX200 keypad. Many popular astronomy observing session. For example, if the ammeter has four bars programs directly interface with Meade LX200 telescopes. lit, indicating 1.2 amps, and you are using a 12-amp-hour These include Meade’s Epoch 2000sk Sky Software. battery, divide 12 by 1.2 to indicate a battery life of 10 hours. APPENDIX F provides a wiring schematic to make the RS-232 cord, a cord test program, a demonstration program, and the LX200 command set for writing programs. Meade supplies this DEC MOTOR Port information for professional programmers. Meade does not The DEC MOTOR port (11, Fig. 8) is a DB-9 socket, designed offer support or advice for writing software for the RS-232 to accept the supplied coiled cord. One end of the coiled cord option. plugs into the power panel; the other plugs into the DEC. MOTOR socket in the right fork arm to power the Dec. motor. Field De-Rotator (FDR) Port The field de-rotator port (3, Fig. 8), for use in ALTAZ, lets you CCD Port use the optional #1222 Field De-Rotator for long-exposure astrophotography by eliminating the image rotation inherent in The CCD Port (10, Fig. 8) allows direct interface from popular altazimuth tracking. aftermarket CCD autoguiding/imaging cameras with their compatible connecting cables to accomplish autoguiding for non-attended astrophotography. The CCD cameras effectively 12 vDC Output (Fan) Port watch a star and detect slight movements. When star The 12vDC Output port (8, Fig. 8) is used to power the fan movements are detected, signals from the CCD electronics located on the optical tube assembly (OTA). This fan evacuates make drive corrections in the LX200, to bring the star to a home the warm air trapped inside the tube, allowing for faster cool- position. down.

Most CCD autoguiding/imaging cameras are supplied with a CAUTION: This port can be used to power other 12- cable that is compatible with the LX200 port. If your CCD unit volt accessories, but maximum current output is does not have a cable, one can be obtained from the CCD 250mA.Do not attempt to use devices,such as heated manufacturer, or you can make your own cable using the dew shields, which draw more current than 250mA; following table. they may damage the LX200 electronics.

CCD LX200 This fan is controlled from the keypad, under TELESCOPE Connector Pin Assignment functions. The 12vDC Output port lets you operate the fan remotely from a PC. #1 Normally Closed #2 West The fan takes warm air from the OTA so that cool air can enter #3 North the OTA through the filtered hole (20, Fig 1) at the bottom of the #4 Ground OTA. The input filter prevents dust from entering the OTA. Periodically replace the filter by removing the four bolts holding #5 South the grill. The fan also has a filter, but this filter keeps dust out of #6 East the OTA while the fan is off; it should not need replacing. MODE FUNCTIONS b. ALIGN: The Align menu selection of the TELESCOPE file demonstrates the unique ability to transform the LX200 into To view the separate modes within the LX200 system, press an altazimuth, celestial-tracking telescope, a polar- the MODE key ( it is located between the ENTER and GO TO equatorial celestial-tracking telescope, or a land spotting keys at the top of the hand controller). You can customize the scope with electric altazimuth movements within three operation of your LX200 to perform virtually any of your options. These options are ALTAZ, POLAR, and LAND. observing requirements by entering and editing information in the various modes of the system. All the critical information, When you enter correct local time, latitude, and longitude such as time, location, alignment type, and many other (see QUICKSTAR T, page 9), you are ready to choose a type functions, are kept in memory—even with the LX200 turned off. of alignment. Do this by pressing the PREV or NEXT key to move the arrow beside the desired option of ALTAZ, POLAR, You can set the following through the five modes of the LX200 or LAND, and then pressing the ENTER key. The display computerized hand controller: gives you instructions to walk you through the chosen Type of alignment alignment type. Objects that you see 1. ALTAZ: ALTAZ (altazimuth) requires that you mount the Location from which you observe LX200 directly to the top of the field tripod (with the Tracking speeds of the drives power panel facing North) and adjust the leg extensions Clock and timing functions of the tripod until the instrument is level. Then align on Position information one or two of the bright stars in the look-up table of 33 Brightness of the backlit keypad alignment stars.

Once you have selected the desired mode, you can select the This allows your LX200 to track in altitude and azimuth individual file within the mode by pressing the PREV or NEXT simultaneously for visual observations, very brief (under key (up or down arrow key), as shown in Fig. 7. This scrolls the five minutes) exposure astrophotography, or CCD arrow up or down next to the file description. Although you will imaging (longer exposures require the field de-rotator). be able to see only two menu selections at a time on the keypad display, you will see more as you continue to press the ALTAZ lets you access the object library as well as all PREV and NEXT keys. other telescope functions, including the Smart Drive. Full instructions for using ALTAZ are in the QUICKSTART When you select the file, press the ENTER key to view the file guide (page 9). menu. To choose an individual menu, again use the PREV or NEXT key to move the arrow up or down the file menu. To 2. POLAR: POLAR allows you to use the 16” LX200 explore a menu selection, again press the ENTER key. Some (mounted on a permanent pier set to your latitude) as an modes offer options for a file menu selection; others are only for equatorial telescope. With the LX200 powered up, the entering data. POLAR file option selected, and the field tripod leveled, the telescope should be adjusted so that the Dec. setting Whenever you wish to return to the main file heading in a circle (3, Fig. 1) is set to 90° (see Fig. 13), and the mode, press the MODE key; it will behave as an exit key. telescope is rotated to the 00 hour angle (H.A.) position in R.A. In this position, the viewfinder (Fig. 1) is upside Mode One: TELESCOPE/ OBJECT LIBRARY down, and the following all line up:

TELESCOPE/OBJECT LIBRARY is the mode to which the R.A. pointer (4, Fig. 5) LX200 defaults after the instrument completes its power-on 00 line of the R.A. setting circle (3, Fig. 5) diagnostic self-test. The T E L E S C O P E / O B J E C T L I B R A RY H.A. pointer (5, Fig. 5) mode is command central. It is where you select the way that (If you do not start at the 00 H.A. position, the telescope you want the LX200 to perform mechanically and where you will point to the ground instead of the sky when the explore and select from its extensive library of stored objects. keypad display chooses its second star.) To explore either the TELESCOPE menu file or the OBJECT Press the ENTER key; the LX200 slews to the precise LIBRARY menu file, move the LCD arrow to the appropriate offset of the Polar star in Dec. and R.A. selection by using the PREV or the NEXT key and press the ENTER key. Aim the telescope at the Pole Star (Polaris, see APPENDIX B if the Pole Star is not visible). Center the Pole Star in the eyepiece field using only the altitude and 1. TELESCOPE Menu File azimuth adjustments on the pier. Press the ENTER key Below are the various selections of the TELESCOPE menu file, again; the LX200 chooses, and slews to, a very bright with illustrations of the individual menu files and file options. star that is overhead and can usually be seen in the field of view of the viewfinder. Center the bright star using a. SITE: The SITE menu option lets you enter up to four of your only the R.A. and Dec. adjustments of the telescope favorite viewing locations in latitude and longitude. To (either manually by loosening the locks only or calculate celestial coordinates, the LX200 computer electrically); press ENTER. You can now access every compares the llatitude and ongitude that you entered to your function of the LX200. local time, GMToffset, and calendar date. Once entered, the 3. Refined Polar Alignment:Astrophotographers routinely information is stored in the telescope’s internal memory; you require polar alignments of the highest accuracy for the need not re-enter it. To enter new site information or to change old information, see QUICKSTART, page 9. finest guiding characteristics. Refine your initial polar alignment by using the LX20 0 ’s electronics with a slightly You can choose any one of the four site options (or the di f ferent method in the POLAR menu option. Perform the UNKNOWN site) at your convenience, without entering following steps at two or three 15-minute intervals. At latitude and longitude every time you use the LX200. Once each interval the telescope slews to the area where the you have chosen the site, exit the SITE menu by pressing Pole Star should be centered in the optics. The Pole Star the MODE key. may be somewhat off-center in the eyepiece. - 18 - This shows the alignment error that may have been made The LX200 slews at any one of the four speeds (SLEW, during your initial setup. Re-center the Pole Star during FIND, CNTR, and GUIDE), when you press the appropriately each interval using the pier adjustments only (see marked key on the left side of the keypad. Altazimuth APPENDIX A) in altitude and azimuth, then follow the rest of coordinate readings can still be displayed in the the routine. COORDINATES mode (see Mode Two, page 23). Refer to QUICK START (page 9) for the LAND menu option for full Return to the POLAR menu option in the TELESCOPE mode and press the ENTER key. operating procedures. Ignore the keypad display instructions to return the For the normal right-side-up and left-to-right views to which telescope to 90° in Dec. and 00 H.A. Instead, press the you are accustomed when using a spotting scope, you may GO TO key; the LX200 slews to the calculated position add the optional Meade #928 45° Erect Image Prism or the where the Pole Star should be. Meade #924 Porro Prism instead of the standard supplied star-diagonal prism Re-center the Pole Star in the field of view in the eyepiece using only the adjustments on the pier in altitude and azimuth. c. HOME: The HOME functions let you operate the LX200 from a remote location or to start the telescope without having to Press the ENTER key; the LX200 slews again to a bright align it. After you set the HOME point, the telescope can star overhead. Center this star using the N, S, E, or W determine all alignment parameters by finding the HOME keys, then press ENTER. point. To function correctly, this HOME alignment procedure NOTE: Pressing the MODE key at any point in the requires the following three items of information: alignment routine aborts the routine and exits to the top • One of the known SITES (1 to 4) menu. • Either an accurately leveled telescope or accurately polar After each 15-minute interval, the Pole Star becomes aligned telescope more accurately centered. You can repeat the intervals as often as you like to obtain the highest accuracy. An • Accurate sidereal time optional illuminated-reticle crosshair eyepiece makes Since the HOME alignment routine is almost always used on simplifies the job of centering the star. telescopes that are permanently mounted, the first two When an obstruction blocks your line of sight to the Pole requirements are already satisfied. For transportable Star, press the ENTER key for the POLAR option (so that situations, the HOME alignment procedure is practical only it has a check next to it). Follow the instructions in Precise when the telescope remains set up for several nights. In this Polar Alignment, page 27. You will need an illuminated- case, use the 1-star/leveled alignment if you want to perform reticle crosshair eyepiece to complete the task. Once a HOME alignment. finished, follow the steps below for a permanently mounted LX200 section to access the object library. The sidereal time is calculated every time an alignment is performed. Then, an on-board sidereal clock keeps sidereal 4. The Permanently Mounted,Polar Aligned LX200: If you time. Theoretically, every time you turn on the telescope, the will permanently mount the LX200 in an observatory or sidereal time is correct, satisfying the third requirement for use the already polar aligned telescope for several nights HOME alignment. in succession, perform a high-precision polar alignment with one of the methods described above. However, the on-board clocks are accurate only to a few minutes per month. If you perform HOME alignment every Provided that you do not move the instrument on the pier, you need not perform polar alignment on successive night, the sidereal time will be accurate enough. If you nights. Access the object library and enjoy near-perfect operated the telescope only once or twice a month, make a tracking. habit of resetting the sidereal time before performing the HOME alignment. To bypass the polar-alignment sequence, follow these steps: 1. Setting the HOME Point: Before you can use the HOME alignment procedure, you must set the HOME point. This • Return to the POLAR menu option and place a check step needs to be performed only once on permanently next to it by pressing the ENTER key. mounted telescopes or anytime the telescope is moved. • Directly enter the catalog number of an object that you • Do a complete alignment, either the 1-star/leveled ALTAZ are familiar with in the sky by pressing the M, STAR, or or the POLAR. CNGC key (see APPENDIX C for information on the object library) and press the ENTER key again. • Using the keypad, move the telescope to 0° Dec. and 00 H.A. • Manually center the familiar object in the eyepiece of • Go to the HOME menu option and press ENTER. This the telescope. will bring up the HOME menu. • Press and hold the ENTER key until the display reads • Select the SET option by pressing the NEXT key twice; COORDINATES MATCHED. then pressing ENTER. You have now synchronized the object library; the LX200 The telescope moves back and forth in R.A. searching for will correctly access every other object in the sky. the HOME sensor located inside the drive base. When it 5. LAND: The LAND menu option transforms the ALTAZ finds that sensor, it performs the same task in Dec. When (altazimuth) mounted LX200 into an electric slewing that is complete, the message HOME SEARCH spotting scope. In this mode, continuous tracking is COMPLETE displays. The SET routine looks at only 30° canceled and all the celestial modes and menus are non- sections of the gears; if the second step, above, is skipped functional, showing lower case lettering in the displays and or done incorrectly, the telescope will not find the sensors a beep if you try to enter one of them. and HOME SEARCH FAILED displays. 2. Using the HOME Alignment Routine: Using the HOME Normal telescope pointing accuracy is better than five arc- alignment routine requires only two steps (assuming the minutes when you perform a casual alignment. This is more SEThas been performed). First, before turning off power than accurate enough for most observing applications. (A to the telescope, park the telescope by selecting PARK casual alignment is one that uses the UNKNOWN SITE or from the HOME menu. This will position the telescope to one that is done without the use of a reticle eyepiece to a known position, which the telescope remembers even center the alignment stars exactly.) This type of alignment when the power is off. Turn off the power. puts objects into the field of view of most eyepieces and is more than adequate for almost any visual observing When turning the power back on, perform the FIND from application. the HOME menu. The telescope looks for the HOME sensors in both axes. When it finds them, it is ready for A critical alignment improves the pointing accuracy of the operation. As in the SETroutine, the telescope searches telescope to two arc-minutes or better. This type of alignment only 30° sections of the gears. If you forgot to PARK the requires accurate SITE information, time, date, proper telescope, or if it has been manually moved in R.A. selection of the two alignment stars, and a reticle eyepiece to and/or Dec., then perform step 2 in Setting the HOME center the alignment stars exactly. These steps generally Point before performing FIND home. require only a few extra seconds, yet they substantially improve the telescope’s positioning. Critical alignment d. 12/24 HR: The 12/24 HR menu selection of the provides telescope positioning suitable for all but the most TELESCOPE file toggles between a 12- and 24-hour display demanding pointing applications—including CCD imaging of local time in the Time mode. with larger-chip cameras, like the Meade Pictor 416 and To toggle between 12- and 24-hour displays, move the Pictor 1616 CCD cameras. arrow to 12/24HR and press ENTER. To return to the The HI-PRECISION feature increases the pointing accuracy original setting, press ENTER again. of the LX200 to one arc-minute or better; it also requires the e. HELP: The HELP menu selection of the TELESCOPE file is critical alignment described above. This yields the best an electronic mini-manual that briefly describes the function pointing accuracy possible, placing objects into the active of each command key on the LX200 keypad. To use this area of the even the smallest CCD cameras. menu, move the arrow with the PREV or NEXT key to HELP For most applications, the HI-PRECISION feature is not and press ENTER. To read the lines of text, use the PREV required to get maximum enjoyment out of the telescope. For and NEXT keys. To exit, press MODE. an evening of simple visual observations, the casual f. REVERSE N/S: The REVERSE N/S menu selection of the alignment is sufficient. Do not let pointing precision TELESCOPE file reverses the direction of the telescope in overshadow the fun of observing the night sky. North and South movements (when you press the N key, the The HI-PRECISION POINTING mode requires the critical telescope moves South or down instead of North or up). This alignment, described above, to maximize the telescope’s is especially useful during some guiding applications in pointing ability. The LX200 default condition is with HI- imaging and observing. PRECISION disabled. To activate this mode, select the HI- To use the REVERSE N/S menu, move the arrow to PRECISION option from the TELESCOPE menu (option #9). REVERSE N/S and press ENTER. To return the direction When selected, HI-PRECISION change to upper case commands to the original setting, press ENTER again. letters. g. REVERSE E/W: The REVERSE E/W menu selection of the When HI-PRECISION is active, the LX200 automatically TELESCOPE file reverses the direction of the telescope in does the following when a GO TO is initiated. East and West movements (when you press the W key, the 1. HP will search the alignment star database and find telescope moves East instead of West). the three closest stars to the object (or position) To use the REVERSE E/W menu, move the arrow to entered. This process takes about 10 seconds; the REVERSE E/W and press ENTER. To return the direction keypad shows Display 26: commands to the original setting, press ENTER again. HI-PRECISION h. BALANCE: When adding optional equipment, like a heavy Display 26 camera, to the LX200, it is often necessary to rebalance the Searching. . . telescope using the Meade #1404 Tube Balance Weight Systems. Selecting option #8 from the TELESCOPE menu 2. The telescope slews to the nearest alignment moves the LX200 telescope rapidly up and down in Dec. star. These are all bright stars (brighter than third This provides an easy way to determine when the telescope magnitude); they are far enough apart to ensure is balanced in the Dec. axis (loosening the Dec. lock to that there will only be one in the field of view. The check the balance will cause the LX200 to lose alignment.) keypad display shows Display 27: When the telescope is out of balance, the LX200 draws Center STAR XXX more current while slewing in the heavy direction and the Display 27 Dec. motor will sound different. After selecting option #8, then press GO TO watch the ammeter and listen to the Dec. motor to determine Using a reticle eyepiece, center the star in the field of when the LX200 is balanced. view. (Or center the star on the CCD chip if using a i. HI-PRECISION: The High-Precision Pointing feature of LX200 CCD camera.) Press GO TO when the star is allows for very precise pointing of the telescope. With the centered. unique LX200 SYNC command, 0.3 arc-sec resolution NOTE: If this star is not in the field of view or if it is obstructed encoders, and high-speed DC servo motors, you can now by a land object, the other two stars are available. Use the place objects in the telescope’s field of view with one arc- PREV and NEXT keys to cycle through the three closest stars. minute or better pointing accuracy. This makes critical image- placement applications, such as CCD imaging, possible. 3. The telescope slews to the selected object or position. - 20 - j. SLEW RATE: Option #10 in the TELESCOPE menu is for When reversing the direction in Dec., if the compensation changing the slew rate of the telescope. Slowing down the number is correct, the telescope moves almost instantly. This slew rate results in less noise when the telescope moves; it compensation feature also works with popular CCD auto- uses less power. To change the slew rate, follow these steps: guiders, allowing for more accurate autoguiding. This number is stored in permanent memory; you need not re-set it. 1. Press the M O D E key on the keypad until the T E L E S C O P E / O B J E C T L I B R A RY menu appears. T h e l. FDR: The FIELD DE-ROTATOR (FDR) option is available only cursor should be next to the TELESCOPE option — if not, in the ALTAZ mode. Selecting this option activates the field de- press the PREV key to move the cursor up one space. rotator socket on the power panel. When it is active, the 2. Press ENTER to select the TELESCOPE functions. display shows the number of arc-seconds of field rotation for the part of the sky to which the telescope is pointing. When not 3. Press the PREV or NEXT keys to move the cursor to using the de-rotator, turn off this function. option #10: SLEW RATE. The right side of the display, shows the number 4. This represents the slew rate in Field rotation can range from almost no rotation (at certain degrees per second. parts of the horizon) to infinity at the exact zenith (straight up). The #1222 Field De-Rotator has a practical limit of 120 arc- 4. Press the ENTER key to change the slew rate. Each seconds per second. This creates a cone of just under 10° successive ENTER key press increments the slew rate by where the de-rotator cannot keep up with the field rotation. 1° per second. When taking exposures near the zenith, this number should be 5. After setting the desired rate, press the MODE key to monitored and the exposure stopped should the field rotation return to the TELESCOPE/OBJECT LIBRARY menu. approach 120 arc-seconds per second.

NOTE: The slew rate is not stored in permanent memory. Reset m. FAN: When the fan is plugged into the power panel, this switch it when the telescope powers up or accept the default rate of 4¡ will turn the fan on and off. The fan will aid in the temperature per second. stabilization of the telescope. Extreme temperature variations will require about 30 minutes of fan operation to stabilize. k. BACKLASH: The BACKLASH feature is available only in the During observations, the fan should be turned off to minimize POLAR mode. any vibrations. When taking long-exposure astrophotographs, guide the n. DEC LEARN and DEC CORR (Declination correction) You photograph to make sure the telescope is tracking perfectly. can correct for a star that drifts consistently North or South Otherwise stars will appear as ovals instead of pinpoints. Do during guiding. Move the arrow to DEC LEARN and press this by setting the LX200 keypad to the GUIDE speed, E N T E R. Begin making drive corrections immediately by monitoring the star location (e.g., with an off-axis guider), and pressing any of the direction (N, S, E, W) keys to keep the star making small corrections to the telescope position by using on the crosshair of the guiding eyepiece. Train in DEC LEARN the N, S, E, and W keys. for at least half of your intended astrophoto exposure time. The longer you train, the more accurate DEC LEARN will be. When you make these corrections, you speed up or slow Once you reach the desired time, press ENTER and the down the R.A. motor (by pressing the E and W keys). The training ceases. Dec. motor, however, when activated (by pressing the N and S keys) stops and reverses direction. Because of backlash in The telescope counts how many times you pressed the N and the Dec. motor gearbox, the telescope delays a few seconds S keys. It chooses the direction based on the direction that when reversing direction. received more commands, and it averages the time between key pushes in the chosen direction. Thus the telescope The Dec. backlash feature compensates for the Dec. motor corrects for Dec. drift (should your polar alignment be slightly gearbox backlash and provides instant telescope movement off) or increases the precision of your guiding on non-stellar when the motor is reversed. objects, such as comets and asteroids.

To program the Dec. backlash, use this procedure: To play back your DEC LEARN training, move the arrow to DEC CORRECTand press ENTER.To halt the playback press 1. Move to option #11 from the TELESCOPE menu. The ENTER again. To erase the DEC LEARN training, either move keypad display will show: the arrow back to DEC LEARN and press ENTER twice or turn the telescope off. DEC LEARN and DEC CORR are available 11) BACKLASH 00 only in POLAR mode. The 00 in the display shows the number of arc-seconds of backlash for which the LX200 is set to compensate (the 2. OBJECT LIBRARY Menu File default setting is 0 arc-seconds). The OBJECT LIBRARY menu file is the other half of the 2. While observing a star at high power, time the Dec. TELESCOPE/OBJECT LIBRARY mode. With it you can be a movement delay when reversing the motor directions (by tourist of the sky or conduct research surveys of the 64,359 pressing the N and S keys). Typical values are two to four objects. The LX200 object library is accessible in the most seconds. effective and user-friendly system ever designed for observers and astrophotographers. 3. The GUIDE speed for the Dec. motor is 15 arc-seconds per second. Therefore, multiply the number of seconds of The core library, essentially a “greatest hits of the sky, ” delay by 15. encompasses the planets of our solar system from Mercury to Pluto, 351 stars (doubles, variables, Pole Stars), the entire 4. Press and hold the ENTER key for one second. The Messier catalog of 110 objects, 7840 of the finest galaxies, diffuse keypad beeps and a blinking cursor appears on the keypad and planetary nebulae, and globular and open-star clusters. display. Enter the number determined in step (c), above. The position epoch of these objects is for real time, updated each Press ENTER. time you turn on your LX200. Even the planet’s positions have 5. Check the time delay as described in step (b). If there is a their orbits calculated. This qualifies the LX200 as the most delay, increase the compensation number. If there is a accurate integrated object library available; it never requires slight jump when reversing direction, the number is too updated software for precession of the stars or planetary orbital large. changes. You can use the object library in the following ways: To exit the START FIND menu selection and return to the main menu, press MODE. Directly access the library by using the M, STAR, or CNGC keys (see THE LX200 KEYPAD HANDCONTROLLER, page 14) and entering a specific catalog number. c. FIELD: Press the ENTER key to identify objects in the Use the START FIND option to find objects in organized field of view of the telescope. The LX200 displays the strips of the sky that can be custom tailored to show only the object centered in the eyepiece field, and it shows how objects that you wish to see with a selection of object types, many other NGC objects are in the field at the same size brightness. time (defined by the RADIUS parameter setting) as shown in Display 28: Scan the sky and have the object library tell you what is in the field of view in the eyepiece by using the FIELD option. Below is a description of the four OBJECT LIBRARY menu Display 28 Objects: 5 files and file options: Center: CNGC 4438 To access the OBJECT LIBRARY menu file, move the arrow to the OBJECTLIBRARY display by pressing the PREV or NEXT Press the ENTER key to see information about the key while in the T E L E S C O P E / O B J E C T L I B R A RY m o d e . object as shown in Display 29: Press the E N T E R k e y. You can access the four menu selections within the OBJECT LIBRARY by moving the arrow CNGC 4438 VG GAL to the desired menu selection with the PREV or NEXT keys Display 29 MAG 10.1 SZ 9.3’ and performing the following steps.

a. OBJECT INFO: Press the ENTER key to read the type, Read Display 29 as follows: brightness, size, and quality. Press ENTER again to read the coordinates. Press ENTER once more to determine COMPUTERIZED NEW GENERAL CATALOG Object how far off the telescope is pointing from the entered object #4438, VERY GOOD, GALAXY, MAGNITUDE 10.1, (this is displayed in LCD bars: each bar is 10°, or if it is on SIZE 9.3’ (in arc minutes). the object, no bars). You can access the same information at any time by pressing the ENTER key for any object Press ENTER again to read the coordinate location of entered by the M, STAR, or CNGC keys. Press MODE to the object as shown in Display 30 (the * after the R.A. exit to the main menu file. coordinate number indicates the catalog coordinates of the object, not necessarily where the telescope is b. START FIND: The START FIND option resources the pointing) : CNGC objects within the object library and begins a logical search, starting wherever the telescope is positioned when RA = 12:27.2* activated. To cover the entire visible sky, it will make 31 Display 30 strip divisions of about 12° width, moving from West to DEC = +13'03 East, from the North Pole to the South Pole, then South to North. Once it has found all the CNGC objects, it repeats Press E N T E R once more to see how far your its sequence until new objects are visible. telescope will have to move to acquire the object Press the ENTER key and the hand control displays the entered. The display shows LED bars, with each bar first object in its finding sequence. This object is selected representing 10° of movement, as shown in Display by the LX200, based on where the instrument is pointing in 31: the sky when you entered START FIND. To point your LX200 to the object displayed, press the GO TO key; it will slew to the object. Display 31

While in the START FIND option, you can either choose the next object in line or skip it. To find the next object in If you are centered on the object already (if you are in sequence, press the NEXT key; the display will show the the FIELD menu selection or if you have made a GO new CNGC object. If you do not wish to view this object, press NEXT again. If you wish to return to a previously TO command in one of the other methods for finding viewed object, press the PREV key until the desired an object), the above display will be blank.To review catalog number is displayed and press the GO TO key. If any of the data on an object, continue pressing you have set some limitations in the PARAMETERS option, ENTER until the desired field appears. the telescope will find only those objects within your chosen You can use these commands in any of the following confines. situations: If you find that the object is not well centered in the eyepiece after you executing a GO TO (due to poor When you have an object entered in the keypad leveling, improper time input, or errors in site location), While directly entering specific objects by pressing center the object; then press and hold the ENTER key until the M, STAR, or CNGC keys the display reads COORDINATES MATCHES. This feature synchronizes the LX200 for an area of the sky, so that the In the START FIND menu selection next object (if the leveling, time input, or site location information is not corrected) will be better centered, In the OBJECT INFORMATION menu selection provided it is not too far away from the object to which you In the FIELD menu selection matched coordinates. d. PARAMETERS: Press ENTER at the PARAMETERS menu objects that look Very Good through Super. to find options that let you set such parameter limitations on 3. HIGHER: The Higher option sets the horizon setting for the objects that you wish to locate as the following: the telescope. At power-up, the setting is 00°, which Type assumes that you have an unobstructed line of sight to Visual object quality range the horizon in every direction. If, however, there are obstructions to viewing a level horizon or if the sky Horizon quality is poor due to haze or light pollution, you can set Zenith an artificial horizon level. Your LX200 will not try to find Size objects below your setting. Brightness Enter the number of degrees above the horizon that will Field of view clear the obstructions in the sky. To estimate how many degrees the obstruction is taking up of the sky, hold your You can scroll through the PARAMETERS menu using the fist at arms length. Each fist diameter is approximately PREV or NEXT key. To edit, move the arrow to the desired 5°. So, if a tree is three fists high, you would set 15° in option, and press and hold ENTER until you hear a double the HIGHER option. Once the setting is finalized, press beep and see a blinking cursor (except in the BETTER ENTER. option). Where numerical values are to be input, type them in from the keypad. If you make a mistake, you can move 4. LOWER: The LOWER menu file option sets the zenith the cursor backward using the W key, and re-enter the data. limit setting for the telescope. At power-up, the setting is To exit to the Main option menu, press the ENTER key once 90°, which assumes that you point the telescope straight again. up. If, however, you have instruments on the telescope 1. The TYPE GPDCO option lets you select the type of which will not clear the fork arms, or if you want to avoid CNGC objects that you wish to locate. Initially, the the 10° field de-rotator limit, this setting can be used. blinking cursor appears over the G symbol, for Galaxies. Enter the number of degrees from the zenith that you If you do not want to look for galaxies, press NEXT; the want to limit. Once the setting is finalized, press ENTER. symbol changes from an upper case G to a lower case g. If you wish to keep GALAXIES selected, move the 5. LARGER: The LARGER menu file option allows settings blinking cursor over to one of the other category symbols of the lower apparent size limit of the objects you wish to by pressing the W or E key on the keypad. You can then see. At power-up it is set to 000’ (arc minutes). In order deselect the undesired categories. to make a decision as to the size limits that you may Parameter categories are abbreviated as follows: impose, it helps to have a clear understanding of exactly what an arc minute of sky is. A good example is the apparent size of the Moon, which could be expressed as OBJECT SYMBOL LEGEND 1/2 of a degree, 30 arc minutes, or 1800 arc-seconds. SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Each arc minute is 60 arc-seconds, and there are 60 arc G GALAXIES minutes for each degree of sky. P PLANETARY NEBULAE Some beginning observers have a tough time discerning D DIFFUSE NEBULAE objects less than about 1 arc minute in size unless it is a C GLOBULAR STAR CLUSTERS double star or a planet. Astrophotographers and those O OPEN STAR CLUSTERS involved with CCD imaging may want to set a higher value based on the desired image scale coverage that would be most impressive with different types of films or If you wish to recall a category symbol, move the blinking CCD cameras. Enter the new value in arc minutes, then cursor over the symbol and press the PREV key. After press ENTER to exit to the option file. your selections are made, press ENTER. 6. SMALLER: This menu option is the upper size object 2. BETTER: The BETTER option lets you define the visual limit. At power-up the setting is for 200 arc minutes or object quality range. At power-up, the range is set at the 3.33°. This setting is high enough to cover the largest bottom of the scale, on VP for VERY POOR. The START objects in the OBJECT LIBRARY.You may want to lower FIND option will select all objects that are very poor the value because of true field-of-view limitations of a through super or what could be considered an ALL particular eyepiece (see the RADIUS parameter option for calculating true field). OBJECT-QUALITY SYMBOL LEGEND SYMBOL DESCRIPTION Other reasons for limiting the value in SMALLER is for astrophotographic or CCD imaging requirements where SU SUPER we don’t want the object to exceed the imaging area of EX EXCELLENT the film or the CCD chip. VG VERY GOOD G GOOD 7. BRIGHTER: The lower brightness limits based on stellar FR FAIR magnitude can be limited in the BRIGHTER menu. At PR POOR power-up, the magnitude value is at a very faint level: VP VERY POOR +20.0. You may want to adjust the magnitude level to a brighter setting. The object-quality symbols are as follows: value, starting at perhaps the limiting visual magnitude of your LX200, which is approximately 15.5 for the 16” If you wish to define the object quality range to Very LX200. If you are taking astrophotographs, the limiting Good and better, press the ENTER key until the symbol magnitude is about 18.0. Sky conditions (haze, high VG is displayed. From the VP setting to VG requires clouds, light pollution) also greatly affect the limiting three ENTER key presses. The LX200 now selects - 23 -

magnitude. coordinate display. ALT = +72'50 8. FA I N T E R : You may also adjust the upper level of AZ = 158'10 brightness with the FAINTER menu file option, (you may Display 33 find few applications for limiting it to a lower value).

9. R A D I U S : The RADIUS value sets the following boundaries regarding objects that the LX200 recognizes When you slew in one direction in ALTAZ, the RA and DEC in a given eyepiece while in the FIELD menu: displays change at the same time. The ALT and AZ Which objects the LX200 recognizes displays change only in the direction that the telescope is How many objects the LX200 recognizes slewing. At power-up the RADIUS menu file option is set to 15 arc NOTE:Only the Dec.setting circle (3, Fig.1) gives a correct minutes. reading. The R.A. setting circle (9, Fig. 1) gives correct readings only in the POLAR setting (see APPENDIX A). To calculate the true field of an eyepiece, first divide the focal length of the telescope (e.g., 4064mm for a 16” f/10) by the focal length of the eyepiece (the standard supplied 2. GO TO Menu Option eyepiece is a 26mm Super Plössl, 4064 divided by 26 equals 156x magnification). Then find the apparent field The GO TO menu option lets you enter new R.A. and Dec. of the eyepiece (which is 52° for the 26mm Super Plössl) coordinates of any object in the sky, so that the LX200 will and divide it by the magnification (52 divided by 156 slew to the new position. With this ability, your LX200 equals 0.33°, multiplied by 60 equals 20 arc minutes). knows no bounds. You can easily find any celestial objects, including comets and asteroids, provided that you have To get the radius of the true field of view, divide the true field by 2. In the case of the above equation, 20 arc accurate coordinate-reference data. minutes divided by 2 equals 10 arc minutes. To enter a new pointing position in R.A. and Dec., press the GO TO key.You will hear a double beep, then see a blinking cursor over the RA coordinate numbers. Type in the new Mode Two: COORDINATES/GO TO R.A. coordinates, then press the ENTER key. The blinking cursor is over the DEC coordinates. Enter the new Dec. Mode Two (COORDINATES/GO TO) lets you see where coordinates, then press the ENTER key. The LX200 slews you have pointed the LX200 in two celestial coordinate to the new coordinate position. formats, either R.A. and Dec. or altazimuth. In this mode you can enter new R.A. and Dec. coordinates for any sky You can also slew to ALTAZ coordinates from the ALTAZ position. Thus you can locate objects, such as comets or display as described above. asteroids, that may not appear in the LX200 library and have your telescope slew to the new coordinates. If you need to enter a minus Dec. setting, do the following: Move the blinking cursor over the + sign with the W key. 1. Coordinates Menu File Press the NEXT key to get the Ð (minus) sign . At first you will see the R.A. and Dec. coordinates of where Move the blinking cursor to the first number with the E the telescope is pointing. If you move the LX200 with the N, key. S, W, or E keys, the display of coordinates immediately Enter the new coordinates. updates the new position in R.A. and Dec. If you are already at a minus (–) Dec. setting and wish to You can also display computed information of the altazimuth coordinates (ALT and AZ) by pressing the ENTER key. To enter a plus (+) Dec. setting, follow the same instructions return to:the R.A. and Dec. coordinates, press the ENTER as above but press the PREV key to get the + sign . key again. The R.A. display consists of hours, minutes, and tenths of a Mode Three: CLOCK/CALENDAR minute; the Dec. display consists of into + for North Dec. and Ð for South Dec., in degrees and minutes, as shown in The continuously operating clock and calendar are the life Display 32: pulse of your LX200. At power-up, the telescope’s sidereal RA = 02:45.9 clock automatically lets the system computer calculate DEC = +22'54 orbits of planets and precessions of stars for superior pointing ability. Display 32 You need not re-enter local time and date need each time you use the LX200; it has a long-life lithium battery back-up. If you have made an ALTAZ style of alignment, the ALT and To set the local time and date and to enter the correct GMT AZ coordinate display is formatted as follows: offset, see QUICK START, page 9. Use your local hour 0° azimuth (AZ) is due South; it increases to up to 359° and setting appropriately in either 12-hour or 24-hour format, as 59 minutes moving clockwise, or from due South moving predetermined by the 12/24 HOUR TELESCOPE menu file We s t e r l y. Altitude (ALT) is formatted so that straight option. overhead is +90° and 00 minutes, decreasing to +00°, and 00 minutes as you move the telescope level with the The long-life lithium battery (Panasonic CR2032 3vDC or horizon; then as the LX200 moves below +00.00 it will give Duracell DL2032B) is stored behind the power panel of the minus altitude readings. Display 33 shows the altazimuth drive base (see APPENDIX D: Behind the power panel for - 24 - battery-replacement information).

Display 35 shows the menu file option that lets you step the Mode Four:TIMER/FREQ drive tracking frequency setting in tenths of a hertz, by using the PREV and NEXT (up and down arrow) keys. This is a 1. The TIMER Option convenient feature if you areFREQ trying to match= 60.1M the precise à speed of a planet, comet, or any other non-stellar object. To exit this The TIMER menu option is for accurately timing different option, press the MODE key. observing or imaging tasks for up to 12 hours. The system counts down to zero, in the hours, minutes, and seconds format, and beeps to notify you that the time is up. Display 35 To set the TIMER, move the arrow to: TIMER = 00:00:00 Press and hold the ENTER key to receive the double beep and the blinking cursor. Enter the number of hours, minutes, and Mode Five: KEYPAD OFF/BRIGHTNESS ADJUST seconds that you require. If you need to correct an error in entry, use the E and W keys to move the blinking cursor; then In order to see very faint objects, you may need either to dim or type the correct information. After entry, press the ENTER key turn off the keypad red LCD backlighting. To do so press the again; the cursor disappears. When you are ready to start your MODE key until the display goes blank. This is the OFF option. time countdown, press the ENTER key once more. To pause the countdown, press ENTER again, and then again to resume. To set the keypad brightness, press the ENTER key and adjust the brightness with the PREV and NEXT keys. To exit, press If you want an automatic 12-hour countdown, press and the MODE key. release the ENTER key. Then press ENTER to start the countdown. This brightness setting also dims the power panel power LED and ammeter.

NOTE:The backlighting is done by edge lighting a plastic light 2. The FREQ (Frequency) Option bar underneath the keypad. Four LEDs are used and do not give a perfectly even backlighting of the keys. Keys closer to a The FREQ (Frequency) option lets you adjust the tracking LED are a little brighter than keys further away. speed (not slew speed) of the LX200 digitally in tenths of a

FREQ RATE DESCRIPTION NOTES MAGNIFICATION AND FIELD OF VIEW 60.1 Hz Q Sidereal rate; Default rate at Quartz setting power-up. Gives Magnification sidereal frequency accuracy to ±.005%; The magnification (power) of the telescope depends on two Best for astrophotos characteristics: the focal length of the main telescope and the focal length of the eyepiece used during a particular 60.0 Hz Solar and Average rate for planetary rate tracking planets; observation. For example, the focal length of the 16” LX200 Actual rates vary due f/10 telescope is fixed at 4064mm. To calculate the power in to retrogrades, use with a particular eyepiece, divide the focal length of the oppositions, etc. eyepiece into the focal length of the main telescope. 57.9 Hz Lunar rate Best rate for Example: The power obtained with the LX200 with the tracking the Moon SP 26mm eyepiece is:

4064mm Hertz, from 56.4 Hz to 60.1 Hz. You can match virtually every Power = ______= 156X celestial motion in the sky. Some popular drive rate settings 26mm are: The type of eyepiece (MA for Modified Achromatic, PL for There are three options in the FREQ menu. To see or set the Plössl, SP for Super Plössl, etc.) has no bearing on options, move the arrow to FREQ and press ENTER. At power- magnifying power. It affects such optical characteristics as up, the FREQ default is the 60.1Hz Q setting. The quartz rate field of view, flatness of field, and color correction. is precisely fixed and cannot be altered. To choose a different rate, press the ENTER key to see 60.1M, and then again to see The maximum practical magnification is determined by the 60.1 M with the up and down arrow. These two menu file nature of the object being observed and especially by the options can adjust the tracking speeds. atmospheric conditions. Under very steady atmospheric seeing conditions, the 16” LX200 may be used at powers up Adjusting the Tracking Speed to about 800X on astronomical objects. Generally, however, Display 34 shows the manual rate menu file option that you can lower powers, 300X to 400X, are required for high image adjust by pressing and holding the ENTER key to get the resolution. Under unsteady atmospheric conditions, as double beep and the blinkingFREQ cursor. T =ype 60.1 in the Mnew rate and witnessed by rapid twinkling of the stars, extremely high press the ENTER key again. power eyepieces result in empty magnification, where the object detail observed is diminished by excessive power.

When you begin observing an object, start with a low-power Display 34 eyepiece. Get the object well centered in the field of view and sharply focused. Then try the next step up in magnification. If - 25 - the image starts to become fuzzy as you work into higher moisture, and dust. magnifications, then back down to a lower power (as when the optometrist asks, “Is this lens better or worse?”). A bright, Accessories are available to increase and decrease the clearly resolved but smaller image shows more detail than a operating eyepiece power of the telescope. See your Meade dimmer, poorly resolved larger image. dealer and the latest Meade Catalog for information on accessories. The characteristics of the human eye (particularly eye-pupil diameter) and telescope optics impose minimum practical powers. Generally, the lowest usable power is approximately Apparent Field and Actual Field 4X per inch of telescope aperture, or about 64X in the case of the 16” telescope. In daytime, when your pupil is reduces to avoid glare, the minimum practical power with the 16” LX200 Apparent Field, the field of view that your eye perceives increases to about 120X. through an eyepiece, depends on eyepiece design.

Avoid powers below this during daytime observations. A reasonable magnification range for daytime terrestrial Actual Field, your actual field of view, depends on the observations through the 16” LX200 is from about 150X to eyepiece and the telescope. Calculate the Actual Field of a 200X. The higher magnifications may not be practical during telescope with a given eyepiece by dividing the Apparent atmospheric disturbances, such as those caused by heat, Field of the eyepiece by the power obtained using that

8”f/10 10”f/10 12”f/10 16”f/10 Eyepiece/Apparent Field Power/Actual Field Power/Actual Field Power/Actual Field Power/Actual Field Super Plössl Eyepieces (5-elements; 1.25” O.D., except as noted) 6.4mm/52° 313/0.17° 391/0.13° 476/0.11° 635/0.08° 9.7mm/52° 206/0.25° 258/0.20° 314/0.17° 419/0.12° 12.4mm/52° 161/0.32° 202/0.26° 246/0.21° 328/0.16° 15mm/52° 133/0.39° 167/0.31° 203/0.26° 271/0.19° 20mm/52° 100/0.52° 125/0.42° 152/0.34° 203/0.26° 26mm/52° 77/0.68° 96/0.54° 117/0.44° 156/0.33° 32mm/52° 63/0.83° 78/0.67° 95/0.55° 127/0.41° 40mm/44° 50/0.88° 63/0.70° 76/0.53° 102/0.43° 56mm/52° (2" O.D.) 36/1.46° 45/1.16° 54/1.04° 73/0.71° Super Wide Angle Eyepieces (6-elements; 1.25” O.D., except as noted) 13.8mm/67° 145/0.46° 181/0.37° 221/0.30° 294/0.23° 18mm/67° 111/0.60° 139/0.48° 169/0.40° 226/0.30° 24.5mm/67° 82/0.82° 102/0.66° 124/0.54° 166/0.40° 32mm/67° (2" O.D.) 63/1.07° 78/0.86° 95/0.71° 127/0.53° 40mm/67° (2" O.D.) 50/1.34° 63/1.07° 76/0.88° 102/0.66° Ultra Wide Angle Eyepieces (8-elements; 1.25” O.D., except as noted) 4.7mm/84° 426/0.20° 532/0.16° 649/0.13° 865/0.10° 6.7mm/84° 299/0.28° 373/0.23° 455/0.18° 607/0.14° 8.8mm/84° (1.25” – 2” O.D.) 227/0.37° 284/0.30° 346/0.24° 462/0.18° 14mm/84° (1.25” – 2” O.D.) 143/0.59° 179/0.47° 218/0.39° 290/0.29° - 26 - APPENDIX A: EQUATORIAL USE Using the LX200 in POLAR Mode Celestial Coordinates The Meade 16” LX200 is an ALTAZ telescope, with little need to mount it as an equatorial telescope. The LX200 computer and Celestial objects are mapped according to a coordinate system optional field de-rotator allow tracking, slewing to objects, and on the Celestial Sphere. This is the imaginary sphere surrounding long-exposure astrophotography, all in the ALTAZ mode. In the Earth on which all stars appear to be placed. This celestial object past, these operations required the telescope to be mounted as mapping system is analogous to the Earth-based coordinate an equatorial telescope. Almost any astronomy program can now system of latitude and longitude. be accomplished with the telescope in the ALTAZ mode. The poles of the celestial coordinate system are defined as those two points where the Earth’s rotational axis, if extended to infinity, There is still one application that requires the telescope to be north and south, intersect the celestial sphere. Thus, the North mounted in the POLAR mode. The field de-rotator eliminates field Celestial Pole (1, Fig. 9) is that point in the sky where an rotation in astrophotographs taken through the telescope. If a extension of the Earth’s axis through the North Pole intersects secondary instrument, like a Schmidt camera, is mounted to the the celestial sphere. This point in the sky is located near the telescope, astrophotographs taken through this instrument North Star, Polaris. exhibit field rotation. For these applications, the telescope requires an equatorial setup. If you plan on doing this piggy-back type of photography, you need an equatorial permanent pier. Otherwise, mount the telescope on the ALTAZ permanent pier. 1 Lining up with the Celestial Pole Objects in the sky appear to revolve around the celestial pole. In fact, they are essentially fixed, and their apparent motion is caused by the Earth’s rotation. During any 24-hour period, stars make one complete revolution about the pole, making concentric 2 circles, with the pole at the center. By lining up the telescope’s polar axis with the North Celestial Pole (or for observers located in Earth’s Southern Hemisphere with the South Celestial Pole (see MODEFUNCTIONS, page 17), you can follow, or track, Fig. 9: The Celestial Sphere. astronomical objects by moving the telescope about one axis, the polar axis. In mapping the surface of the Earth, lines of longitude are drawn The 16” LX200 is designed to be mounted to a permanent pier for between the North and South Poles. Similarly, lines of latitude are equatorial use. Since this type of installation is permanent, it is drawn in an east-west direction, parallel to the Earth’s Equator. worth the effort to get a very accurate polar alignment of the The Celestial Equator (2, Fig. 9) is a projection of the Earth’s telescope. This process requires getting a rough polar alignment Equator onto the celestial sphere. (described below) and then using the precise polar alignment As on the surface of the Earth, in mapping the celestial sphere, procedure (see Precise Polar Alignment, page 27) for an exact imaginary lines have been drawn to form a coordinate grid. alignment. This process can often span several nights. Object positions on the Earth’s surface are specified by their Begin polar aligning the telescope as soon as you can see latitude and longitude. You could locate Los Angeles, California, Polaris. Finding Polaris is simple. Many people recognize the Big by its latitude (+34°) and longitude (118°).Similarly, you could Dipper constellation, which has two stars that point the way to locate the constellation Ursa Major, which includes the Big Polaris (see Fig. 10). Dipper, by its general position on the celestial sphere: To get a rough polar alignment, follow this procedure: R.A.: 11hr; Dec.: +50°. a. Initiate the polar alignment routine by selecting POLAR from • Right Ascension (R.A.): R.A. is the celestial analog to Earth the ALIGN menu (when POLAR is selected, a checkmark longitude. It is measured in time on the 24-hour clock and appears next to POLAR on the display). shown in hours (hr), minutes (min), and seconds (sec) from an arbitrarily defined zero line passing through the constellation b. Begin the alignment procedure by pressing ENTER. Pegasus. R.A. coordinates range from 0hr 0min 0sec to 23hr c. As prompted, loosen the Dec. lock and rotate the telescope 59min 59sec. There are 24 primary lines of R.A., located at 15° tube in Dec. so that the telescope’s Dec. reads 90°. Tighten intervals along the celestial equator. Objects located further the Dec. lock. Loosen the R.A. lock, rotate the fork arms to the east of the prime R.A. grid line (0hr 0min 0sec) carry increasing 00 H.A. position, and tighten the R.A. lock. Press ENTER. R.A. coordinate numbers. Fig. 5 shows the 00 H.A. position. The 00 line of the R.A. • Declination (Dec.): Dec. is the celestial analog to Earth setting circle aligns with the H.A. pointer. The R.A. pointer is latitude. It is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds (e.g., almost 2 hours to the right. When the telescope is rotated so 15° 27' 33"). Dec. north of the celestial equator is indicated with that the R.A. pointer aligns with the 00 line/H.A. pointer, this is a plus (+) sign in front of the measurement (e.g., the Dec. of the the 00 H.A. position. North Celestial Pole is +90°), with Dec. south of the celestial equator indicated with a minus (–) sign. For example, the Dec. of the South Celestial Pole is –90°. Any point on the celestial equator, which passes through the constellations Orion, Virgo and Aquarius, has a Dec. of zero, shown as 0° 0' 0". Specifying the position of each celestial object by celestial coordinates of R.A. and Dec. simplifies the task of finding objects (in particular, faint objects). You can dial the R.A. setting circle (9, Fig. 1) and Dec. setting circle (3, Fig. 1) to read the object coordinates and find the object without resorting to visual location techniques. You can use these setting circles to advantage if the Fig.10: Locating Polaris. you first align the telescope with the North Celestial Pole. - 27 -

d. The telescope slews to Polaris’ position. Using the azimuth Polaris and latitude controls on the permanent pier, center Polaris in the field of view. Do not use the telescope’s Dec. or R . A . c o n t rols during this step. Press E N T E R w h e n Polaris is centered in the eyepiece. e. The telescope slews to a second alignment star. It prompts you to center this star in the eyepiece. Use the telescope controls to center this star. Press ENTER. At this point, your polar alignment is sufficient to begin the precise polar alignment.

Precise Polar Alignment

The fewer tracking corrections required during a long-exposure Fig.13: Mount too low. photograph, the better. (For our purposes, long-exposure means any photograph requiring 10 minutes or more). In particular, the number of Dec. corrections required depends on the precision of polar alignment. Polaris Precise polar alignment requires a crosshair eyepiece. The Meade illuminated-reticle eyepiece is well suited in this application, but you will want to increase the eff e c t i v e magnification with a 2x or 3x Barlow lens. Use the following drift method: a. Obtain a rough polar alignment as described earlier. Place the illuminated-reticle eyepiece (or eyepiece/Barlow combination) into the eyepiece holder of the telescope. b. Point the telescope, with the drive motor running, at a moderately bright star near where the meridian (the North- Fig.14: Mount too high. South line passing through your local zenith) and the celestial equator intersect. For best results, the star should e. Point the telescope at another moderately bright star near be located within ± 30 minutes in R.A. of the meridian and the Eastern horizon, but still near the celestial equator. For within ± 5° of the celestial equator. (Pointing the telescope at best results, the star should be about 20° or 30° above the a star that is straight up, with the Dec. set to 0°, will point the Eastern horizon and within ± 5° of the celestial equator. telescope in the right direction.) f. Again note the extent of the star’s drift in Dec. c. Note the extent of the star’s drift in Dec. (disregard drift in R.A.): If the star drifts South (or down), the telescope’s polar axis is pointing too low (Fig. 13). If the star drifts South (or down), the telescope’s polar axis is pointing too far East (Fig. 11). If the star drifts North (or up), the telescope’s polar axis is pointing too high (Fig. 14). Polaris Polaris g. Change your pier’s latitude angle, based on your observations above. Track the star again long enough to be certain that Dec. drift has ceased.

The above procedure gives very accurate polar alignment. It minimizes the need for tracking corrections during astrophotography.

As an aside procedure, during your first use of the Fig. 11: Mount too far telescope, check the calibration of the Dec. setting circle Fig.12: Mount too far West. East. (3, Fig. 1), located at the top of each side of the fork. After performing the polar alignment procedure, center the star If the star drifts North (or up), the telescope’s polar axis is Polaris in the telescope field. Remove the knurled central pointing too far West (12). hub of the Dec. setting circle and slightly loosen the two bolts located under the knob. Turn the circle unit until it d. Move the pier in azimuth (horizontally) to change the polar reads 89.2°, the Dec. of Polaris, and then tighten down alignment. Reposition the telescope’s East-West polar axis the two bolts and replace the knurled knob. Should you orientation until the start stops drifting North-South. Track wish to use the manual setting circles, the R.A. setting the star for long enough to be certain that its Dec. drift has circle (9, Fig. 1) must be calibrated on the R.A. of a star ceased. (see APPENDIX B) manually every time the telescope is NOTE:Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14 show the telescope pointed set up. The R.A. setting circle has two sets of numbers: in the 90¡ position;not the 0¡ position that is required for drift the inner set is for Southern hemisphere use and the method alignment.This is done to illustrate the position of other is for Northern hemisphere use. the Pole Star relative to the polar axis of the telescope. - 28 - APPENDIX B: LX200 ALIGNMENT STAR LIBRARY AND STAR CHARTS: Alignment Stars The LX200 utilizes the following 33 bright, well known stars to These stars were selected to enable observers, from anywhere calibrate the telescope’s object library in the ALTAZ and in the world and on any given night, to make precision POLAR alignments. alignments easily and quickly.

LX200 ALIGNMENT STAR LIBRARY STAR NAME STAR # MAGNITUDE CONSTELL R/A DEC.

ACHERNAR 13 0.5 ERIDANUS 01 37.7 -57 14 ACRUX A 121 1.3 CRUX 12 26.6 -63 06 ALBIREO 223 3.1 CYGNUS 19 30.8 +27 58 ALCAID 140 1.9 URSA MAJOR 13 47.6 +49 19 ALDEBARAN 33 0.9 TAURUS 04 35.9 +16 31 ALNILAM 50 1.7 ORION 05 36.2 -01 12 ALPHARD 95 2.0 HYDRA 09 27.6 -08 39 ALPHEKKA 165 2.2 CORONA BOR. 15 35.5 +26 43 ALTAIR 226 0.8 AQUILA 19 50.8 +08 52 ANTARES 177 0.9 SCORPIUS 16 29.5 -26 26 ARCTURUS 147 0.0 BOOTES 14 15.7 +19 11 BETELGEUSE 56 0.4 ORION 05 55.2 +07 25 BOGARDUS 58 2.6 AURIGA 05 59.8 +37 13 CANOPUS 63 -0.7 CARINA 06 24.0 -52 42 CAPELLA 42 0.1 AURIGA 05 16.6 +46 00 CASTOR A 78 1.9 GEMINI 07 34.6 +31 53 DENEB 232 1.3 CYGNUS 20 41.5 +45 17 DENEBOLA 114 2.1 LEO 11 49.1 +14 34 DIPHDA 8 2.0 CETUS 00 43.6 -17 59 ENIF 238 2.4 PEGASUS 21 44.2 +09 53 FOMALHAUT 247 1.2 PISCES AUST. 22 57.7 -29 38 HADAR 144 0.6 CENTAURUS 14 03.9 -60 24 HAMAL 17 2.0 ARIES 02 07.2 +23 28 MARKAB 249 2.5 PEGASUS 23 04.8 +15 12 MIRA 20 2.1 CETUS 02 19.4 -02 58 POLARIS 19 2.0 URSA MINOR 02 14.7 +89 17 POLLUX 81 1.1 GEMINI 07 45.4 +28 02 PROCYON 80 0.4 CANIS MINOR 07 39.3 +05 14 REGULUS 100 1.4 LEO 10 08.5 +11 58 RIGEL 41 0.1 ORION 05 14.6 -08 12 SIRIUS 67 -1.5 CANIS MAJOR 06 45.2 -16 43 SPICA 138 1.0 VIRGO 13 25.2 -11 10 VEGA 214 0.0 LYRA 18 37.0 +38 47 - 29 - Star Charts (for Northern Hemisphere Observers)

SOUTHEAST SOUTH January 7:00 to 9:00 February 7:00 to 9:00

SOUTHWEST NORTH March 7:00 to 9:00 April 7:00 to 9:00

NORTH NORTH May 7:00 to 9:00 June 7:00 to 9:00 - 30 -

NORTH NORTH July 7:00 to 9:00 August 7:00 to 9:00

NORTH NORTH September 7:00 to 9:00 October 7:00 to 9:00

NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST November 7:00 to 9:00 December 7:00 to 9:00 APPENDIX C: The following guide to VQs was used in the visual observation process: LX200 64,359-OBJECT LIBRARY

The LX200 64,359-object library is a collection of the most SUPER Very bright object with very interesting studied and wonderful objects in the sky. The library includes: shape or structure. • 15,928 S AO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Bright object with very interesting shape or Catalog of Stars: all stars brighter than 7th magnitude. structure. • 12,921 UGC (Uppsala General Catalog) Galaxies: complete EXCEL OR catalog. Very bright object with moderately • 7,840 NGC (New General Catalog) objects: complete catalog. interesting shape or structure. • 5,386 IC (Index Catalog) objects: complete catalog. Bright object with moderately interesting • 21,815 GCVS (General Catalog of Variable Stars) objects: shape or structure. complete catalog. V GOOD OR • 351 alignment stars: LX200 alignment stars. Very bright object with little or no interesting • 110 M (Messier) objects: complete catalog. shape or structure. • 8 major planets, from Mercury to Pluto. Easy to see without averted vision with Page 33 lists 278 of the best NGC objects. These are most of the some interesting shape or structure. GOOD best objects in the sky; they make good first targets. Page 40 OR lists the 250 brightest stars and 100 double stars. Page 46 Bright object, but little or no interesting presents the complete Messier list. shape or structure. FAIR Easy to see without averted vision, but little Access these databases through the M, STAR, and CNGC keys. or no interesting shape or structure. • The M key accesses the M object database. POOR Easy to see with averted vision. Often • The STAR key accesses the SAO, STAR, GCVS, and planet borderline visible without averted vision. databases. V POOR A struggle to see with careful use of averted • The CNGC key accesses the UGC, NGC, and IC databases. vision. When you press the STAR or CNGC key, the display shows Not yet rated AND missing information for which database is currently active. You can enter the object computer estimate. number for that database or press ENTER to bring up the menu (none) OR to change databases. The LX200 remembers which database Could not see despite careful use of averted you used last. vision. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO)

The SAO catalog is the standard star catalog used in astronomy. All, or nearly all, of the objects in the CNGC are visible with It includes all stars brighter than 7th magnitude. standard instrumentation and observing conditions used to Uppsala General Catalog (UGC) obtain the visual quality ratings. It is a good indication of what to expect with similar equipment by experienced deep-sky The UGC of galaxies includes objects as faint as 15th observers in excellent conditions. Naturally smaller telescopes magnitude. and/or less optimal observing conditions will lower the apparent quality of all objects. CNGC Catalog The following is a description of the format of the optional The CNGC is enhanced from the RNGC in many ways. It gives CNGC listing for each object: angular sizes in arc-seconds and in a convenient scaled format on the LX200 display. Magnitudes are given to 0.1 magnitude where possible. The coordinates in the CNGC listing are listed for the year 2000. The LX200 calculates object positions upon power-up to the current date (as shown on the time/date display). This adds COLUMN NAME DESCRIPTION accuracy to the LX200. 1 CNGC # CNGC 0001 - CNGC 7840 Objects have been assigned a Visual Quality (VQ) Rating. Many 2 RA Right Ascension VQs have been obtained by observing the objects. To make the VQs as useful as possible, all observations have been made with 3 DEC Declination the same telescope and eyepiece under substantially identical 4 SIZE Size of object (arc-seconds) observing conditions. Only for very small objects was a higher 5 MAG Magnitude (-5.5 through 19.9) power eyepiece used. Your VQ rating of a particular object will 6 TYPE Type of object vary, largely due to sky conditions. 7 * * object is not in the RNGC If the object has been rated by observation, an upper-case character (ABCDEFG) is used for the VQ on the CNGC listing. If 8 ALT CAT Alternate catalog name & number the object has not been observed, the VQ has been estimated by 9 VQ Visual Quality Rating a computer program from the object type, size, and brightness (abcdefg ) or (ABCDEFG) and the VQ is specified in lower-case characters (abcdefg). The 10 TAGS Object Type # (0-F): VQs for visually-rated objects provide a considerably more S = Sky-Cat : T = Tirion consistent guide to observability and appearance than either the computed VQs or an examination of the type, magnitude, and 11 COMMENTS Name, comments, other info size data. The CNGC distinguishes the following object types.

TYPE LEGEND DESCRIPTION 0 None Unverified Southern Object 1 OPEN Open Cluster 2 GLOB Globular Cluster 3 DNEB Diffuse Nebula 4 PNEB Planetary Nebula (or SN Remnant) 5 GAL Galaxy 6 OPEN + DNEB Open Cluster + Diffuse Nebula 7 None Non-Existent Object 8 STAR Star 9 MULTI+STAR Multiple Star A MULTI+GAL Multiple Galaxy (Usually Interacting) B DNEB Dark Nebula in front of Diffuse Nebula C GAL+OPEN Open Cluster in External Galaxy D GAL+GLOB Globular Cluster in External Galaxy E GAL+DNEB Diffuse Nebula in External Galaxy F GAL+OPEN+DNEB Open Cluster + Diffuse Nebula in Galaxy S Object is also listed in the Sky Catalogue 2000 T Object is also listed in the Tirion Sky Atlas 2000 About the Index Catalog (IC) About the Messier (M) Catalog The IC reproduces the complete Index Catalog of a variety of The M catalog has been the benchmark deep-sky catalog for objects that the standard New General Catalog (NGC) missed. years. Recently expanded to 110 objects, the M catalog About the General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS) contains most of the best deep-sky objects. The General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS) is shown at the The Planet Catalog bottom of this page. Variable stars from the GCVS are entered The LX200 calculates the orbital positions of the eight major using a six digit number. The first two digits refer to the planets for the current calendar date. To access a planet, use constellation where the variable star is located. These digits are the STAR key and enter the appropriate number as indicated listed in the table below. below (903 is the Moon): The next four digits are assigned sequentially within each constellation according to the standard sequence of variable- OBJECT LIBRARY PLANET LEGEND star designations (R, S, ...).Therefore, the first star in the constellation of Virgo would be entered as: 860001. PLANET STAR # PLANET STAR# About the Star Catalog MERCURY 901 SATURN 906 The STAR catalog contains the 250 brightest stars (STAR 1 VENUS 902 URANUS 907 through STAR 250), 100 interesting double stars (STAR 251 MARS 904 NEPTUNE 908 through STAR 350), plus Sigma Octantis, the southern Pole JUPITER 905 PLUTO 909 Star (STAR 351).

General Catalog of Variable Stars (GCVS)

Code Const Code Const Code Const Code Const 01 AND 23 CIR 45 LAC 67 PSA 02 ANT 24 COL 46 LEO 68 PUP 03 APS 25 COM 47 LMI 69 PYX 04 AQR 26 CRA 48 LEP 70 RET 05 AQL 27 CRB 49 LIB 71 SGE 06 ARA 28 CRV 50 LUP 72 SGR 07 ARI 29 CRT 51 LYN 73 SCO 08 AUR 30 CRU 52 LYR 74 SCL 09 BOO 31 CYG 53 MEN 75 SCT 10 CAE 32 DEL 54 MIC 76 SER 11 CAM 33 DOR 55 MON 77 SEX 12 CNC 34 DRA 56 MUS 78 TAU 13 CVN 35 EQU 57 NOR 79 TEL 14 CMA 36 ERI 58 OCT 80 TRI 15 CMI 37 FOR 59 OPH 81 TRA 16 CAP 38 GEM 60 ORI 82 TUC 17 CAR 39 GRU 61 PAV 83 UMA 18 CAS 40 HER 62 PEG 84 UMI 19 CEN 41 HOR 63 PER 85 VEL 20 CEP 42 HYA 64 PHE 86 VIR 21 CET 43 HYI 65 PIC 87 VOL 22 CHA 44 IND 66 PSC 88 VUL The CNGC Catalog

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

0045 00 14.0 -23 10 486 10.4 GALAXY S- IV-V UGC A4 c 5 ST 8.1x5.8 0055 00 15.1 -39 13 1944 8.2 GALAXY SBm: PEC EMISSION b 5 ST 32.4x6.5 0104 00 24.1 -72 04 1854 4.0v GLOB CLUS sp=G3 47 Tuc B 2 ST 47 Tuc 16kly 0129 00 29.9 +60 14 1260 6.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 0134 00 30.4 -33 15 486 10.1 GALAXY S(B)b+ c 5 ST 8.1x2.6

0188 00 44.3 +85 21 840 8.1v OPEN CLUS sp=F2 c 1 ST Oldest Open Cluster 5kly 0205 00 40.4 +41 42 1044 8.0 GALAXY E6: UGC 426 C 5 ST M110 Comp of M31 17.4x9.8 0221 00 42.8 +40 53 456 8.2 GALAXY E2 UGC 452 C 5 ST M32 Comp of M31 7.6x5.8 0224 00 42.8 +41 17 10680 3.5 GALAXY Sb I-II UGC 454 B 5 ST M31 Andromeda Gal 178x63 0225 00 43.5 +61 48 720 7.0 OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

0247 00 47.1 -20 44 1200 8.9 GALAXY S- IV UGC A11 b 5 ST 20.0x7.4 0253 00 47.5 -25 17 1506 7.1 GALAXY Scp UGC A13 C 5 ST 25.1x7.4 0288 00 52.6 -26 36 828 8.1v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 0300 00 55.0 -37 42 1200 8.7 GALAXY Sd III-IV b 5 ST 20.0x14.8 0362 01 02.4 -70 51 774 6.6v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST

0370 01 04.8 +02 07 720 9.3 GALAXY Ir+ V * IC 1613 c 5 S 12.0x11.2 0411 01 07.9 -71 46 750 11.0 GLOB CLUS IN SMC c D 0458 01 14.9 -71 32 750 10.5 GLOB CLUS IN SMC c D 0581 01 33.3 +60 43 360 7.4v OPEN CLUS CNGC 0581 D 1 ST M103 0598 01 33.9 +30 40 3720 5.7 GALAXY Sc II-III UGC 1117 C 5 ST M33 Triangulum Gal 62x39

0628 01 36.7 +15 47 612 9.2 GALAXY Sc I UGC 1149 D 5 ST M74 10.2x9.5 0650 01 42.0 +51 34 290 12.2 PLAN NEB PART OF 0651 CNGC 0650 C 4 ST M76 Little Dumbbell Nebula 0651 01 42.0 +51 34 290 12.2 PLAN NEB PART OF 0650 C 4 ST Little Dumbbell Nebula 0654 01 43.9 +61 53 300 6.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 0660 01 43.0 +13 38 546 10.8 GALAXY SBap UGC 1201 c 5 S 9.1x4.1

0744 01 58.6 +55 29 660 7.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 0752 01 57.8 +37 41 3000 5.7v OPEN CLUS sp=A5 c 1 ST 1200ly 0869 02 19.1 +57 09 1800 4.3p OPEN CLUS sp=B1 A 1 ST Double Cluster h Per 7kly 0884 02 22.5 +57 07 1800 4.4p OPEN CLUS sp=B0 A 1 ST Double Cluster x Per 8kly 0925 02 27.3 +33 35 588 10.0 GALAXY S(B)c II-III UGC 1913 c 5 ST 9.8x6.0

0956 02 32.4 +44 38 480 8.9p OPEN CLUS c 1 S 0957 02 33.6 +57 31 660 7.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1023 02 40.5 +39 04 522 9.5 GALAXY E7p UGC 2154 C 5 ST 8.7x3.3 1025 02 39.9 -34 32 1200 9.0p GALAXY dE3 * b 5 S 20.0x13.8 1027 02 42.7 +61 33 1200 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

1039 02 42.0 +42 47 2100 5.2v OPEN CLUS CNGC 1039 C 1 ST M34 1068 02 42.7 -00 01 414 8.8 GALAXY Sbp SEYFERT UGC 2188 D 5 ST M77 6.9x5.9 Seyfert Galaxy 1097 02 46.5 -30 16 558 9.3 GALAXY S(B)b I-II 2-SYS UGC A41 cA ST 9.3x6.6 2-SYS + E5 1112 02 51.2 +60 27 720 6.5v OPEN CLUS + DNEB IV 3 p n * IC 1848 c 6 ST 1232 03 09.7 -20 34 468 9.9 GALAXY Sc I 2-SYS CA ST 7.8x6.9 2-SYS +SBm

1245 03 14.6 +47 14 600 8.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1261 03 12.3 -55 14 414 8.4v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 1291 03 17.3 -41 05 630 8.5 GALAXY SBa b 5 ST 10.5x9.1 1313 03 10.0 -66 41 510 9.4 GALAXY SBd c 5 ST 8.5x6.6 1316 03 22.6 -37 14 426 8.9 GALAXY S(B)0p 3-SYS cA ST 7.1x5.5 3-SYS

1342 03 31.6 +37 20 840 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1360 03 33.4 -25 51 390 9.0p PLAN NEB c 4 ST 1365 03 33.7 -36 08 588 9.5 GALAXY SBb I-II c 5 S 9.8x5.5 1432 03 46.0 +24 09 6600 3.4 OPEN CLUS + RNEB c 6 S Pleiades M45 Blue Nebula 1444 03 49.4 +52 39 240 6.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

1454 03 46.7 +68 07 1068 9.1 GALAXY S(B)c I-II * IC 342 b 5 ST 17.8x17.4 UGC 2847 1457 03 47.1 +24 07 7200 1.6 OPEN CLUS + RNEB sp=B6 * CNGC 1457 c 6 ST M45 Pleiades 410ly 1502 04 07.4 +62 19 480 5.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1513 04 10.1 +49 31 540 8.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1528 04 15.4 +51 15 1440 6.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

1545 04 20.9 +50 15 1080 6.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1582 04 32.2 +43 52 2220 7.0p OPEN CLUS c 1 S 1647 04 46.2 +19 05 2700 6.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1662 04 48.5 +10 56 1200 6.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 S 1664 04 51.0 +43 42 1080 7.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST CNGC Catalog (continued)

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

1746 05 03.6 +23 49 2520 6.1p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1763 04 56.8 -66 24 1500 8.3 OPEN CLUS + ENEB IN LMC B F S 1807 05 10.7 +16 32 1020 7.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1817 05 12.1 +16 42 960 7.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1820 05 03.8 -67 17 410 9.0 OPEN CLUS IN LMC c C

1851 05 14.0 -40 02 660 7.3v GLOB CLUS sp=F7 b 2 ST 46kly X-Ray Source 1857 05 20.1 +39 21 360 7.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 1893 05 22.7 +33 24 660 7.5v OPEN CLUS + ENEB HII c 6 ST 1904 05 24.2 -24 31 522 8.0v GLOB CLUS CNGC 1904 D 2 ST M79 1912 05 28.7 +35 51 1260 6.4v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 CNGC 1912 C 1 ST M38 4600ly

1952 05 34.5 +22 01 360 8.4 PLAN NEB EMIS SN REM CNGC 1952 B 4 ST M1 Crab Nebula 4kly 1960 05 36.2 +34 08 720 6.0v OPEN CLUS CNGC 1960 C 1 ST M36 1966 05 26.5 -68 47 780 8.5 OPEN CLUS + DNEB IN LMC b F S 1975 05 35.4 -04 41 600 8.8 DIFF RNEB b 3 ST Blue 1976 05 35.3 -05 23 3960 3.9 DIFF RNEB + ENEB CNGC 1976 A 3 ST M42 Orion Nebula Blue+Red

1980 05 35.2 -05 55 840 2.5 OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O5 c 6 ST Trapezium in M42 1300ly 1981 05 35.3 -04 26 1500 4.6v OPEN CLUS b 1 ST 1982 05 35.5 -05 16 1200 5.8 DIFF RNEB + ENEB CNGC 1982 C 3 ST M43 Orion Nebula Extension 1999 05 36.5 -06 43 960 9.5 DIFF RNEB C 3 ST 2024 05 42.0 -01 50 1800 8.8 DIFF ENEB HII b 3 ST Red Near Zeta Ori

2068 05 46.8 +00 03 480 11.3 DIFF RNEB CNGC 2068 C 3 ST M78 Blue 1500ly 2070 05 38.5 -69 05 300 8.3v OPEN CLUS + ENEB IN LMC B F ST Tarantula Nebula Very Red 2074 05 39.0 -69 30 960 8.5 OPEN CLUS + ENEB IN LMC b F S 30 Dor Nebula (part) 2099 05 52.4 +32 33 1440 5.6v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 2099 C 1 ST M37 4200ly 2129 06 01.1 +23 18 420 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

2168 06 08.9 +24 21 1680 5.1v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 CNGC 2168 C 1 ST M35 2800ly 2169 06 08.4 +13 58 420 5.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2175 06 09.8 +20 19 1080 6.8v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST Red Faint/Low Contrast 2194 06 13.8 +12 49 600 8.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2204 06 15.7 -18 39 780 8.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

2215 06 20.8 -07 17 660 8.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2232 06 26.8 -04 44 1800 3.9v OPEN CLUS sp=B1 b 1 S 1600ly 2237 06 30.3 +05 03 4800 7.4 OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST Cluster in Rosette Nebula 2244 06 32.3 +04 52 1440 4.8v OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O5 b 6 ST Rosette Nebula 5300ly 2250 06 32.8 -05 02 480 8.9p OPEN CLUS c 1 S

2251 06 34.8 +08 22 600 7.3v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2252 06 35.0 +05 23 1200 7.7p OPEN CLUS c 1 S 2264 06 41.2 +09 53 1200 3.9v OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O8 b 6 ST S Mon + Cone Nebula 2400ly 2281 06 49.4 +41 04 900 5.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2286 06 47.7 -03 10 900 7.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

2287 06 47.1 -20 45 2280 4.5v OPEN CLUS sp=B4 CNGC 2287 C 1 ST M41 2200ly 2301 06 51.8 +00 28 720 6.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2323 07 02.9 -08 20 960 5.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 2323 D 1 ST M50 2324 07 04.2 +01 04 480 8.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2331 07 07.3 +27 21 1080 8.5p OPEN CLUS c 1 S

2335 07 06.6 -10 05 720 7.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2343 07 08.3 -10 40 420 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 S 2345 07 08.4 -13 10 720 7.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2353 07 14.7 -10 17 1200 7.1v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2354 07 14.2 -25 43 1200 6.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

2360 07 17.7 -15 38 780 7.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2362 07 18.7 -24 58 480 4.1v OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O9 c 6 ST Open Clus = 20' Very Red 2374 07 24.1 -13 15 1140 8.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2395 07 27.1 +13 35 720 8.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2396 07 28.2 -11 44 600 7.4p OPEN CLUS c 1 S

2403 07 36.9 +65 36 1068 8.4 GALAXY Sc III UGC 3918 b 5 ST 17.8x11.0 2420 07 38.4 +21 34 600 8.3v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2421 07 36.3 -20 37 600 8.3v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 2422 07 36.6 -14 29 1800 4.4v OPEN CLUS sp=B3 CNGC 2422 D 1 ST M47 1600ly 2423 07 37.2 -13 52 1140 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST CNGC Catalog (continued)

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

2437 07 41.9 -14 49 1620 6.1v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 2437 C 1 ST M46 5400ly (+CNGC 2438 PN) 2447 07 44.6 -23 52 1320 6.2v OPEN CLUS + DNEB CNGC 2447 D 6 ST M93 Includes dark nebula 2451 07 45.4 -37 58 2700 2.8v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 C 1 ST 1000ly 2467 07 52.5 -26 24 480 7.2p OPEN CLUS + ENEB C 6 ST Open Cluster + Red Nebula 2477 07 52.3 -38 33 1620 5.8v OPEN CLUS C 1 ST

2516 07 58.2 -60 52 1800 3.8v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 C 1 ST 1200ly 2547 08 10.7 -49 16 1200 4.7v OPEN CLUS C 1 ST 2548 08 13.7 -05 47 3240 5.8v OPEN CLUS CNGC 2548 D 1 ST M48 2631 08 40.2 -53 04 3000 2.5v OPEN CLUS II 3 p * IC 2391 C 1 ST 2632 08 40.1 +19 59 5700 3.1v OPEN CLUS sp=A0 CNGC 2632 C 1 ST M44 Praesepe/Beehive 590ly

2682 08 51.1 +11 49 1800 6.9v OPEN CLUS sp=F2 CNGC 2682 D 1 ST M67 Very old 2700ly 2808 09 11.9 -64 51 828 6.3v GLOB CLUS sp=F8 C 2 ST 30kly 2841 09 22.1 +50 58 486 9.3 GALAXY Sb- I UGC 4966 C 5 ST 8.1x3.8 2903 09 32.1 +21 30 756 8.9 GALAXY Sb+ I-II UGC 5079 b 5 ST 12.6x6.6 2997 09 45.7 -31 12 486 10.6 GALAXY Sc I UGC A181 C 5 ST 8.1x6.5

3031 09 55.7 +69 04 1542 6.9 GALAXY Sb I-II CNGC 3031 C 5 ST M81 25.7x14.1 Near M82 3034 09 55.9 +69 41 672 8.4 GALAXY P EDGE-ON UGC 5322 C 5 ST M82 11.2x4.6 Exploding 3109 10 03.1 -26 10 870 10.4 GALAXY Ir+ IV-V UGC A194 c 5 ST 14.5x3.5 3114 10 02.7 -60 08 2100 4.2v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 b 1 ST 2800ly 3115 10 05.3 -07 43 498 9.2 GALAXY E6 c 5 ST 8.3x3.2

3157 10 08.4 +12 18 642 9.9v GALAXY dE3 * UGC 5470 c 5 S 10.7x8.3 3198 10 20.0 +45 33 498 10.4 GALAXY Sc II UGC 72 c 5 ST 8.3x3.7 3201 10 17.5 -46 24 1092 6.8v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 3228 10 21.7 -51 43 1080 6.0v OPEN CLUSTER c 1 ST 3231 10 27.4 -57 38 480 4.3v OPEN CLUS + DNEB I 3 m n * IC 2581 c 6 ST

3234 10 28.5 +68 26 738 10.6 GALAXY S+ IV-V * IC 2574 c 5 ST 12.3x5.9 UGC 5666 3242 10 24.8 -18 38 1250 8.6p PLAN NEB C 4 ST Ghost of Jupiter 3293 10 35.9 -58 14 360 4.7v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST 3324 10 37.5 -58 38 360 6.7v DIFF ENEB + RNEB + OPEN c 6 ST 9kly 3328 10 43.2 -64 24 3000 1.9v OPEN CLUS II 3 m * IC 2602 b 1 ST

3351 10 43.9 +11 42 444 9.7 GALAXY S(B)b II UGC 5850 C 5 ST M95 7.4x5.1 Near M96 3368 10 46.7 +11 49 426 9.2 GALAXY Sbp UGC 5882 C 5 ST M96 7.1x5.1 Near M95 3372 10 45.1 -59 41 7200 5.3 DIFF ENEB + OPEN CLUS HII A 6 ST Eta Carina Nebula Red 9kly 3379 10 47.8 +12 35 270 9.3 GALAXY E1 2-SYS UGC 5902 CA ST M105 4.5x4.0 3496 10 59.8 -60 20 540 8.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 S

3521 11 05.9 -00 02 570 8.9 GALAXY Sb+ II UGC 6150 b 5 ST 9.5x5.0 3532 11 06.5 -58 40 3300 3.0v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 b 1 ST 1400ly 3556 11 11.6 +55 41 498 10.1 GALAXY Sc NEAR EDGE-ON UGC 6225 C 5 ST M108 8.3x2.5 Near M97 3572 11 10.5 -60 14 420 6.6v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST 3587 11 14.8 +55 02 194 12.0p PLAN NEB CNGC 3587 C 4 ST M97 Owl Nebula 12kly

3604 11 17.9 -62 42 720 8.2p OPEN CLUS II 3 m * IC 2714 c 1 ST 3621 11 18.3 -32 49 600 9.9 GALAXY Sc III-IV UGC A232 c 5 ST 10.0x6.5 3623 11 18.9 +13 05 600 9.3 GALAXY Sb II: UGC 6328 C 5 ST M65 10.0x3.3 Near M66 3627 11 20.2 +12 59 522 9.0 GALAXY Sb+ II: UGC 6346 C 5 ST M66 8.7x4.4 Near M65 3628 11 20.3 +13 35 888 9.5 GALAXY Sb NEAR EDGE-ON UGC 6350 C 5 ST 14.8x3.6

3680 11 25.7 -43 15 720 7.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 3709 11 36.6 -63 02 900 4.5v OPEN CLUS II 1 p n * IC 2944 b 1 ST 3718 11 32.6 +53 04 522 10.5 GALAXY SBap UGC 624 c 5 ST 8.7x4.5 3766 11 36.2 -61 37 720 5.3v OPEN CLUS sp=B1 c 1 ST 5800ly 3992 11 57.6 +53 22 456 9.8 GALAXY S(B)b+ I UGC 6937 D 5 ST M109 7.6x4.9

4052 12 01.9 -63 12 480 8.8p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 4111 12 07.1 +43 04 288 10.8 GALAXY S0: UGC 7103 C 5 ST 4.8x1.1 4192 12 13.9 +14 54 570 10.1 GALAXY Sb I-II: 3-SYS UGC 7231 DA ST M98 9.5x3.2 4216 12 15.9 +13 08 498 10.0 GALAXY Sb II UGC 7284 c 5 ST 8.3x2.2 Near Edge-On 4236 12 16.7 +69 28 1116 9.7 GALAXY SB+ IV UGC 7306 b 5 ST 18.6x6.9

4244 12 17.6 +37 48 972 10.2 GALAXY S- IV: EDGE-ON UGC 7322 b 5 ST 16.2x2.5 4254 12 18.9 +14 25 324 9.8 GALAXY Sc I NEAR FACE-ON UGC 7345 D 5 ST M99 5.4x4.8 4258 12 19.0 +47 18 1092 8.3 GALAXY Sb+p UGC 7353 C 5 ST M106 18.2x7.9 4303 12 22.0 +04 28 360 9.7 GALAXY Sc I 2-SYS UGC 7420 DA ST M61 6.0x5.5 Face-On 4321 12 23.0 +15 49 414 9.4 GALAXY Sc I FACE-ON UGC 7450 D 5 ST M100 6.9x6.2 Brite Nucleus CNGC Catalog (continued)

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

4349 12 24.2 -61 54 960 7.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 4374 12 25.1 +12 53 300 9.3 GALAXY E1 UGC 7494 C 5 ST M84 5.0x4.4 Near M86 4382 12 25.5 +18 11 426 9.2 GALAXY Ep 2-SYS UGC 7508 CA ST M85 7.1x5.2 4395 12 25.8 +33 32 774 10.2 GALAXY S+ IV-V UGC 7524 c 5 S 12.9x11.0 4406 12 26.3 +12 56 444 9.2 GALAXY E3 UGC 7532 C 5 ST M86 7.4x5.5

4438 12 27.8 +13 00 558 10.1 GALAXY Sap UGC 7574 c 5 ST 9.3x3.9 4472 12 29.8 +08 00 534 8.4 GALAXY E4 UGC 7629 C 5 ST M49 8.9x7.4 4486 12 30.9 +12 23 432 8.6 GALAXY E1 + E0 2-SYS UGC 7654 DA ST M87 7.2x6.8 + CNGC 4471 4501 12 32.1 +14 25 414 9.5 GALAXY Sb+ I MULTI-ARM UGC 7675 D 5 ST M88 6.9x3.9 4517 12 32.8 +00 06 612 10.5 GALAXY Sc 2-SYS UGC 7694 cA ST 10.2x1.9 Near Edge-On

4548 12 35.5 +14 29 324 10.2 GALAXY SBb + Sc 2-SYS UGC 7753 DA ST M91 5.4x4.4 Near CNGC 4571 4552 12 35.7 +12 33 252 9.8 GALAXY E0 UGC 7760 D 5 ST M89 4.2x4.2 4559 12 36.0 +27 57 630 9.9 GALAXY Sc II-III 3-SYS UGC 7766 CA ST 10.5x4.9 Coarse Structure 4565 12 36.4 +25 59 972 9.6 GALAXY Sb I: + 3-SYS FNT UGC 7772 BA ST M40 16.2x2.8 Edge-On Lane 4569 12 36.9 +13 09 570 9.5 GALAXY Sb+ UGC 7786 C 5 ST M90 9.5x4.7

4579 12 37.8 +11 49 324 9.8 GALAXY Sb UGC 7796 C 5 ST M58 5.4x4.4 Near CNGC 4621 4590 12 39.4 -26 46 720 8.2v GLOB CLUS CNGC 4590 D 2 ST M68 4594 12 39.9 -11 38 534 8.3 GALAXY Sb- CNGC 4594 C 5 ST M104 8.9x4.1 “Sombrero” 4605 12 40.0 +61 36 330 11.0 GALAXY SBcp Edge-On UGC 7831 C 5 ST 5.5x2.3 Edge-On 4609 12 42.4 -62 59 300 6.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

4621 12 42.1 +11 38 306 9.8 GALAXY E3 UGC 7858 D 5 ST M59 5.1x3.4 Near CNGC 4579 4631 12 42.1 +32 32 906 9.3 GALAXY Sc III Edge-On UGC 7865 B 5 ST 15.1x3.3 Edge-On 4649 12 43.7 +11 33 432 8.8 GALAXY E1 UGC 7898 D 5 ST M60 7.2x6.2 Near CNGC 4621 4656 12 43.9 +32 10 828 10.4 GALAXY Sc IV + Ir+ 2-SYS UGC 7907 CA ST 13.8x3.3 Near CNGC 4631 4725 12 50.5 +25 33 660 9.2 GALAXY S(B)b I UGC 7989 C 5 ST 11.0x7.9

4736 12 50.9 +41 08 660 8.2 GALAXY Sb-p II: UGC 7996 C 5 ST M94 11.0x9.1 4755 12 53.6 -60 21 600 4.2v OPEN CLUS sp=B3 c 1 ST Jewel Box 6800ly 4762 12 53.0 +11 14 522 10.2 GALAXY SB0 UGC 8016 c 5 ST 8.7x1.6 4826 12 56.7 +21 41 558 8.5 GALAXY Sb- UGC 8062 C 5 ST M64 9.3x5.4 Black Eye Gal 4833 12 59.4 -70 52 810 7.4v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST

4852 13 00.1 -59 36 660 8.9p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 4945 13 05.3 -49 29 1200 9.5 GALAXY SBc: 2-SYS bA ST 20.0x4. 5024 13 13.0 +18 10 756 7.7v GLOB CLUS CNGC 5024 D 2 ST M53 5033 13 13.5 +36 36 630 10.1 GALAXY Sb+ I-II: UGC 8307 c 5 ST 10.5x5.6 5053 13 16.4 +17 40 630 9.8v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST

5055 13 15.8 +42 02 738 8.6 GALAXY Sb+ II UGC 8334 C 5 ST M63 12.3x7.6 Sunflower Gal 5102 13 21.9 -36 39 558 10.0 GALAXY S0 c 5 ST 9.3x3.5 5128 13 25.3 -43 01 1092 7.0 GALAXY S0p B 5 ST 18.2x14.5 Centaurus A X-Ray 5138 13 27.3 -59 01 480 7.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5139 13 26.8 -47 29 2178 3.7v GLOB CLUS sp=F7 Omega Cen A 2 ST Omega Centauri 17kly

5194 13 30.0 +47 11 660 8.4 GALAXY Sc I 2-SYS FACE UGC 8493 BA ST M51 11.0x7.8 Whirlpool Gal 5236 13 37.1 -29 51 672 8.2 GALAXY Sc I-II FACE-ON CNGC 5236 B 5 ST M83 11.2x10.2 5272 13 42.3 +28 23 972 6.4v GLOB CLUS sp=F7 CNGC 5272 B 2 ST M3 35kly 5281 13 46.7 -62 54 300 5.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5286 13 46.2 -51 22 546 7.6v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST

5316 13 54.0 -61 52 840 6.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5457 14 03.3 +54 21 1614 7.7 GALAXY Sc I FACE-ON UGC 8981 C 5 S M101 26.9x26.3 Pinwheel 5460 14 07.7 -48 19 1500 5.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5474 14 05.1 +53 40 270 10.9 GALAXY Sc UGC 9013 C 5 ST 4.5x4.2 5617 14 29.8 -60 44 600 6.3v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

5662 14 35.1 -56 34 720 5.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5746 14 45.0 +01 57 474 10.6 GALAXY Sb EDGE-ON UGC 9499 C 5 ST 7.9x1.7 5749 14 48.9 -54 32 480 8.8p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5822 15 05.3 -54 21 2400 6.5p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 5823 15 05.7 -55 36 600 7.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

5824 15 04.0 -33 05 372 9.0v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 5897 15 17.4 -21 00 756 8.6v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 5904 15 18.6 +02 05 1044 5.8v GLOB CLUS sp=F6 CNGC 5904 B 2 ST M5 26kly 5907 15 15.9 +56 19 738 10.4 GALAXY Sb+ II: UGC 9801 C 5 ST 12.3x1.8 5925 15 27.7 -54 32 900 8.4p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST CNGC Catalog (continued)

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

5927 15 28.0 -50 40 720 8.3v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 5986 15 46.1 -37 46 588 7.1v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 6025 16 03.7 -60 30 720 5.1v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6067 16 13.3 -54 13 780 5.6v OPEN CLUS sp=B3 c 1 ST 4700ly 6087 16 18.9 -57 54 720 5.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6093 16 17.1 -23 00 534 7.2v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6093 D 2 ST M80 6101 16 25.7 -72 13 642 9.3v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6121 16 23.7 -26 31 1578 5.9v GLOB CLUS sp=G0 CNGC 6121 B 2 ST M4 14kly 6124 16 25.6 -40 42 1740 5.8v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6144 16 27.2 -26 03 558 9.1v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST

6152 16 32.8 -52 38 1800 8.1p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6167 16 34.4 -49 36 480 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6169 16 34.1 -44 03 420 6.6p OPEN CLUS c 1 S 6171 16 32.5 -13 02 600 8.1v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6171 D 2 ST M107 6192 16 40.4 -43 23 480 8.5p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6193 16 41.4 -48 46 900 5.2v OPEN CLUS + ENEB + RNEB c 6 ST 6200 16 44.3 -47 29 720 7.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 S 6205 16 41.7 +36 27 996 5.9v GLOB CLUS sp=F6 CNGC 6205 B 2 ST M13 Hercules Globular 6208 16 49.5 -53 49 960 7.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6218 16 47.2 -01 57 870 6.6v GLOB CLUS sp=F8 CNGC 6218 D 2 ST M12 24kly

6231 16 54.3 -41 48 900 2.6v OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O9 b 6 ST In 240' ENEB 5800ly 6242 16 55.6 -39 30 540 6.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6250 16 58.0 -45 48 480 5.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6254 16 57.1 -04 07 906 6.6v GLOB CLUS sp=G1 CNGC 6254 D 2 ST M10 20kly 6259 17 00.7 -44 41 600 8.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6266 17 01.3 -30 07 846 6.6v GLOB CLUS OBLATE CNGC 6266 D 2 ST M62 Non-symmetrical 6273 17 02.6 -26 15 810 7.2v GLOB CLUS OBLATE CNGC 6273 D 2 ST M19 Oblate Shape Globular 6281 17 04.8 -37 53 480 5.4v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST 6284 17 04.5 -24 45 336 9.0v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6293 17 10.3 -26 34 474 8.2v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST

6304 17 14.6 -29 28 408 8.4v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6316 17 16.6 -28 08 294 9.0v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6322 17 18.5 -42 57 600 6.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6333 17 19.2 -18 31 558 7.9v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6333 D 2 ST M9 6341 17 17.2 +43 09 672 6.5v GLOB CLUS sp=F1 CNGC 6341 D 2 ST M92 X-Ray Source 26kly

6353 17 24.7 -49 57 720 6.9v OPEN CLUS II 3 m * IC 4651 c 1 ST 6356 17 23.7 -17 49 432 8.4v GLOB CLUS c 2 S 6362 17 31.8 -67 03 642 8.3v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 6366 17 27.7 -05 05 498 10.0v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6367 17 25.2 +37 45 45 14.5 GALAXY f 5

6383 17 34.7 -32 35 300 5.5v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST ENEB is 80' in diameter 6388 17 36.3 -44 45 522 6.9v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 6397 17 40.9 -53 41 1542 5.7v GLOB CLUS sp=F5 b 2 ST 9kly 6398 17 20.2 +57 55 2010 11.9p GALAXY dE3 * UGC 10822 c 5 S 33.5x18.9 Maybe Can’t See 6400 17 40.8 -36 56 480 8.8p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6401 17 38.6 -23 55 336 9.5v GLOB CLUS d 2 ST 6402 17 37.6 -03 17 702 7.6v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6402 D 2 ST M14 6405 17 40.1 -32 13 900 4.2v OPEN CLUS sp=B4 CNGC 6405 C 1 ST M6 1500ly 6416 17 44.4 -32 21 1080 8.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6425 17 47.0 -31 31 480 7.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6431 17 46.3 +05 43 2460 4.2v OPEN CLUS III 2 p * IC 4665 b 1 ST 6432 17 47.9 -30 00 20 13.6p PLAN NEB * * f 4 S PK 359-0.1 6441 17 50.2 -37 03 468 7.4v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6451 17 50.7 -30 13 480 8.2p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6469 17 52.9 -22 21 720 8.2p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6475 17 54.0 -34 49 4800 3.3v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 CNGC 6475 C 1 ST M7 800ly 6494 17 57.0 -19 01 1620 5.5v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 6494 D 1 ST M23 1400ly 6514 18 02.3 -23 02 1740 6.3v DIFF ENEB + OPEN CLUS HII CNGC 6514 B 6 ST M20 Trifid Nebula 3500ly 6520 18 03.5 -27 54 360 6.7p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6522 18 03.6 -30 02 336 8.6v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST CNGC Catalog (continued)

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

6523 18 03.2 -24 23 5400 5.2 OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O5 CNGC 6523 B 6 ST M8 Lagoon Nebula 5100ly 6530 18 04.8 -24 20 900 4.6v OPEN CLUS + ENEB b 6 ST In M8 = Lagoon Nebula 6531 18 04.6 -22 30 780 5.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6531 D 1 ST M21 6541 18 08.0 -43 44 786 6.6v GLOB CLUS sp=F6 b 2 ST 13kly 6543 17 58.6 +66 38 350 8.8p PLAN NEB c 4 ST Blue-Green 300ly

6544 18 07.4 -25 01 534 8.3v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 6546 18 07.2 -23 19 780 8.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6553 18 09.5 -25 56 486 8.3v GLOB CLUS b 2 ST 6568 18 12.8 -21 35 780 8.6p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6569 18 13.6 -31 49 348 8.7v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST

6595 18 17.0 -19 53 660 7.0p OPEN CLUS + RNEB c 6 S 6611 18 18.8 -13 47 2100 6.0v OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O7 CNGC 6611 D 6 ST M16 Eagle Nebula 5500ly 6613 18 20.0 -17 08 540 6.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6613 D 1 ST M18 6618 18 20.8 -16 11 2760 6.0v DIFF ENEB + OPEN CLUS HII CNGC 6618 B 6 ST M17 Omega/Swan/Horseshoe 6624 18 23.7 -30 21 354 8.3v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST

6626 18 24.6 -24 52 672 6.9v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6626 D 2 ST M28 6630 18 20.0 -18 26 4800 4.7 OPEN CLUS * CNGC 6630 c 1 T M24 Best with large field 6633 18 27.5 +06 34 1620 4.6v OPEN CLUS b 1 ST 6634 18 33.5 -19 14 2400 6.5 OPEN CLUS SPARSE * CNGC 6634 c 1 M25 IC 4725 Sparse Cluster 6637 18 31.4 -32 21 426 7.7v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6637 D 2 ST M69

6642 18 31.5 -23 28 270 8.8v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6645 18 32.6 -16 54 600 8.5p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6653 18 39.0 +05 27 3120 5.4p OPEN CLUS III 2 m * IC 4756 c 1 ST 6656 18 36.3 -23 56 1440 5.1v GLOB CLUS sp=F7 CNGC 6656 C 2 ST M22 10kly 6664 18 36.8 -08 14 960 7.8v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6681 18 43.2 -32 18 468 8.1v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6681 D 2 ST M70 6694 18 45.4 -09 24 900 8.0v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6694 D 1 ST M26 6705 18 51.1 -06 16 840 5.8v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 6705 C 1 ST M11 Very rich 5600ly 6709 18 51.5 +10 21 780 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6712 18 53.1 -08 43 432 8.2v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST

6715 18 55.2 -30 28 546 7.7v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6715 D 2 ST M54 6716 18 54.6 -19 53 420 6.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6720 18 53.5 +33 02 150 9.7p PLAN NEB RING-LIKE CNGC 6720 B 4 ST M57 Ring Nebula 5kly 6723 18 59.6 -36 38 660 7.3v GLOB CLUS sp=G4 b 2 ST 24kly 6738 19 01.4 +11 36 900 8.3p OPEN CLUS c 1 S

6744 19 09.8 -63 51 930 9.0 GALAXY S(B)b+ II b 5 ST 15.5x10.2 6752 19 10.9 -59 59 1224 5.4v GLOB CLUS sp=F6 b 2 ST 17kly 6755 19 07.8 +04 13 900 7.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6774 19 16.7 -16 17 2880 9.0 OPEN CLUS c 1 T 6779 19 16.6 +30 10 426 8.3v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6779 D 2 ST M56

6791 19 20.8 +37 51 960 9.5v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6809 19 40.1 -30 56 1140 7.0 GLOB CLUS sp=F5 CNGC 6809 D 2 ST M55 20kly 6811 19 38.2 +46 34 780 6.8v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6822 19 44.9 -14 46 612 9.4 GALAXY Ir+ IV-V c 5 ST 10.2x9.5 6823 19 43.2 +23 18 720 7.1v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST

6830 19 51.1 +23 05 720 7.9v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6838 19 53.7 +18 47 432 8.3v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6838 D 2 ST M71 6853 19 59.6 +22 43 910 7.6p PLAN NEB CNGC 6853 B 4 ST M27 Dumbbell Nebula 3500ly 6864 20 06.2 -21 55 360 8.6v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6864 D 2 ST M75 6871 20 05.9 +35 47 1200 5.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

6882 20 11.7 +26 33 1080 8.1v OPEN CLUS c 1 S 6883 20 11.3 +35 51 900 8.0p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6885 20 12.0 +26 29 420 5.7p OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6888 20 12.8 +38 19 1200 13.0v DIFF ENEB c 3 ST Red 6910 20 23.1 +40 47 480 7.4v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST In Gamma Cygnus Nebula

6913 20 23.9 +38 32 420 6.6v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6913 D 1 ST M29 6934 20 34.2 +07 24 354 8.9v GLOB CLUS c 2 ST 6939 20 31.4 +60 38 480 7.8v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6940 20 34.6 +28 18 1860 6.3v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 6946 20 34.8 +60 09 660 8.9 GALAXY Sc I UGC 11597 b 5 ST 11.0x9.8 - 39 - CNGC Catalog (continued)

CNGC# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

6981 20 53.5 -12 33 354 9.4v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6981 D 2 ST M72 6994 20 59.0 -12 37 168 8.9p OPEN CLUS CNGC 6994 D 1 ST M73 7000 21 01.8 +44 12 7200 6.6 DIFF ENEB HII b 3 ST North American Nebula 3kly 7009 21 04.3 -11 22 100 8.3p PLAN NEB C 4 ST Saturn Nebula 3000ly 7036 21 12.1 +47 43 240 6.8v OPEN CLUS I 1 m * IC 1369 c 1 ST

7039 21 12.2 +45 39 1500 7.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 S 7063 21 24.4 +36 30 480 7.0v OPEN CLUS c 1 S 7078 21 30.0 +12 10 738 6.4v GLOB CLUS sp=F2 CNGC 7078 C 2 ST M15 X-Ray Source 34kly 7082 21 29.4 +47 05 1500 7.2v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 7086 21 30.6 +51 35 540 8.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

7089 21 33.5 -00 50 774 6.5v GLOB CLUS sp=F4 CNGC 7089 C 2 ST M2 40kly 7092 21 32.2 +48 26 1920 4.6v OPEN CLUS CNGC 7092 D 1 ST M39 7093 21 39.1 +57 30 3000 3.5v OPEN CLUS + DNEB II 3 m n * IC 1396 b 6 ST 7099 21 40.3 -23 11 660 7.5v GLOB CLUS CNGC 7099 D 2 S M30 7143 21 53.4 +47 16 540 7.2v OPEN CLUS + DNEB IV 2 p n * IC 5146 c 6 ST

7160 21 53.7 +62 36 420 6.1v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 7202 22 10.5 +52 50 480 9.0p OPEN CLUS II 1 p * IC 1434 c 1 ST 7209 22 05.2 +46 30 1500 6.7v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 7243 22 15.3 +49 53 1260 6.4v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST 7331 22 37.1 +34 26 642 9.5 GALAXY Sb I-II UGC 12113 C 5 ST 10.7x4.0

7380 22 47.0 +58 06 720 7.2v OPEN CLUS + ENEB c 6 ST Red Nebula 7635 23 20.7 +61 12 900 12.8 DIFF ENEB c 3 ST Bubble Nebula Red 7640 23 22.1 +40 51 642 10.9 GALAXY S(B)b+ II: UGC 12554 c 5 ST 10.7x2.5 7654 23 24.2 +61 36 780 6.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 7654 D 1 ST M52 7686 23 30.2 +49 08 900 5.6v OPEN CLUS c 1 ST

7790 23 58.5 +61 13 1020 8.5v OPEN CLUS sp=B1 c 1 ST 10300ly 7793 23 57.9 -32 34 546 9.1 GALAXY Sdm III-IV c 5 ST 9.1x6.6 7815 00 02.1 -15 28 612 10.9 GALAXY Ir+ IV-V * UGC A444 c 5 S 10.2x4.2 The Star Catalog

STAR# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

* 1 00 08.3 +29 06 2.1v STAR B8.5p IV:(Hg+Mn) Alpha And 8 ST Alpheratz * 2 00 09.2 +59 10 2.3v STAR F2 III-IV Beta Cas 8 ST Caph * 3 00 13.2 +15 12 2.8v STAR B2 IV Gamma Peg 8 ST Algenib * 4 00 25.7 -77 15 2.8v STAR G1 IV Beta Hyi 8 ST * 5 00 26.3 -42 18 2.4v STAR K0 IIIb Alpha Phe 8 ST Ankaa

* 6 00 39.4 +30 52 3.3v STAR K3 III Delta And A 8 ST * 7 00 40.5 +56 33 2.2v STAR K0 IIIa Alpha Cas 8 ST Shedir * 8 00 43.6 -17 59 2.0v STAR G9.5 III Beta Cet 8 ST Diphda * 9 00 56.7 +60 43 20 2.5v STAR B0 IVnpe(shell) + ? Gamma Cas 9 ST Marj B=8.8 * 10 01 06.1 -46 43 10 3.3v STAR G8 III Beta Phe AB 9 ST B=Similar mag & spectrum

* 11 01 09.8 +35 37 2.1v STAR M0 IIIa Beta And 8 ST Mirach * 12 01 25.8 +60 15 2.7v STAR A5 IV Delta Cas 8 ST Ruchbah Ecl-Bin @759d * 13 01 37.7 -57 14 0.5v STAR B3 Vnp (shell) Alpha Eri 8 ST Achernar * 14 01 54.7 +20 49 2.6v STAR A5 V Beta Ari 8 ST Sharatan * 15 01 58.7 -61 34 2.9v STAR A9 III-IVn Alpha Hyi 8 ST

* 16 02 04.0 +42 21 100 2.3v STAR K3 IIb + B9 V + A0 V Gamma And A 9 ST Almaak B=5.4 C=6.2 * 17 02 07.2 +23 28 2.0v STAR K2 IIIab Alpha Ari 8 ST Hamal * 18 02 09.5 +34 59 3.0v STAR A5 IV Beta Tri 8 ST * 19 02 14.7 +89 17 180 2.0v STAR F5-8 Ib + F3 V Alpha UMi A 9 ST Polaris B=8.2 * 20 02 19.4 -02 58 10 2.1v STAR M5.5-9 IIIe + Bpe Omicron Cet A 9 ST Mira B=9.5

* 21 02 58.3 -40 19 3.2v STAR A5 IV Theta Eri A 8 ST Acamar * 22 03 02.3 +04 05 2.5v STAR M1.5 IIIa Alpha Cet 8 ST Menkar * 23 03 04.8 +53 31 2.9v STAR G8 III + A2 V Gamma Per 8 ST * 24 03 08.2 +40 58 2.1v STAR B8 V + F: Beta Per 8 ST Algol * 25 03 24.4 +49 52 1.8v STAR F5 Ib Alpha Per 8 ST Mirphak

* 26 03 43.0 +47 48 3.0v STAR B5 IIIn Delta Per 8 ST * 27 03 47.6 +27 06 2.9v STAR B7 IIIn Eta Tau 8 ST Alcyone * 28 03 47.2 -74 15 3.2v STAR M2 III Gamma Hyi 8 ST * 29 03 54.2 +31 54 130 2.9v STAR B1 Ib + B8 V Zeta Per A 9 ST B=9.2 * 30 03 57.8 +40 01 90 2.9v STAR B0.5 IV + B9.5 V Epsilon Per A 9 ST B=7.9

* 31 03 58.0 -13 30 3.0v STAR M0.5 III-IIIb Gamma Eri 8 ST Zaurak * 32 04 34.0 -55 02 2 3.3v STAR A0p III:(Si) + B9 IV Alpha Dor AB 9 ST A=3.8 B=4.3 * 33 04 35.9 +16 31 0.9v STAR K5 III Alpha Tau A 8 ST Aldebaran * 34 04 49.9 +06 57 3.2v STAR F6 V Pi^3 Ori 8 ST Hassaleh * 35 04 57.0 +33 11 2.7v STAR K3 II Iota Aur 8 ST Ayn

* 36 05 02.0 +43 49 3.0v STAR A9 Iae + B Epsilon Aur A 8 ST Anz * 37 05 05.5 -22 22 3.2v STAR K5 III Epsilon Lep 8 ST * 38 05 06.6 +41 14 3.2v STAR B3 V Eta Ori AB 8 ST Hoedus II * 39 05 07.9 -05 05 2.8v STAR A3 IIIn Theta Eri 8 ST Kursa * 40 05 12.9 -16 12 3.1v STAR B9p IV: (Hg+Mn) Mu Lep 8 ST

* 41 05 14.6 -08 12 90 0.1v STAR B8 Iae + B5 V Beta Ori A 9 ST Rigel B=7.6 C=7.6 * 42 05 16.6 +46 00 0.1v STAR G6: III + G2: III Alpha Aur AB 8 ST Capella * 43 05 24.5 -02 24 3.3v STAR B1 IV + B Eta Ori AB 8 ST * 44 05 25.2 +06 21 1.6v STAR B2 III Gamma Ori 8 ST Bellatrix * 45 05 26.3 +28 37 1.7v STAR B7 III Beta Tau 8 ST Alnath

* 46 05 28.3 -20 46 26 2.8v STAR G5 II + ? Beta Lep A 9 ST B=7.4 * 47 05 32.0 -00 19 2.2v STAR O9.5 II Delta Ori A 8 ST Mintaka * 48 05 32.7 -17 49 2.6v STAR F0 Ib Alpha Lep 8 ST Arneb * 49 05 46.5 -05 55 110 2.8v STAR O9 III + B7 IIIp Iota Ori A 9 ST Nair al Saif B=7.3 * 50 05 36.2 -01 12 1.7v STAR B0 Ia Epsilon Ori 8 ST Alnilam

* 51 05 37.6 +21 09 3.0v STAR B2 IIIpe (shell) Zeta Tau 8 ST * 52 05 39.7 -34 04 2.6v STAR B7 IV Alpha Col A 8 ST Phaet * 53 05 40.8 -01 56 24 2.1v STAR O9.5 Ib + B0 III Zeta Ori A 9 ST Alnitak B=4.2 * 54 05 47.8 -09 40 2.1v STAR B0.5 Ia Kappa Ori 8 ST Saiph * 55 05 51.0 -35 46 3.1v STAR K1.5 III Beta Col 8 ST Wezn

* 56 05 55.2 +07 25 0.4v STAR M2 Iab Alpha Ori 8 ST Betelgeuse * 57 05 59.5 +44 57 1.9v STAR A1 IV Beta Aur 8 ST Menkalinan * 58 05 59.8 +37 13 40 2.6v STAR A0p III: (si) + G2 V Theta Aur AB 9 ST Bogardus B=7.2 G2V * 59 06 14.9 +22 31 3.3v STAR M3 III Eta Gem 8 ST Propus * 60 06 20.3 -30 03 3.0v STAR B2.5 V Zeta CMa 8 ST Phurud The Star Catalog (continued)

STAR# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

* 61 06 22.9 +22 31 2.8v STAR M3 IIIab Mu Gem 8 ST Tejat Posterior * 62 06 22.7 -17 58 2.0v STAR B1 II-III Beta CMa 8 ST Murzim * 63 06 24.0 -52 42 -0.7v STAR A9 II Alpha Car 8 ST Canopus * 64 06 37.7 +16 24 1.9v STAR A1 IVs Gamma Gem 8 ST Alhena * 65 06 37.7 -43 12 3.2v STAR B8 IIIn Nu Pup 8 ST

* 66 06 44.0 +25 08 3.0v STAR G8 Ib Epsilon Gem 8 ST Mebsuta * 67 06 45.2 -16 43 95 -1.5v STAR A0mA1 Va Alpha CMa A 9 ST Sirius B=8.5 50y * 68 06 48.2 -61 56 3.3v STAR A6 Vn Alpha Pic 8 ST * 69 06 49.9 -50 37 2.9v STAR K1 III Tau Pup 8 ST * 70 06 58.6 -28 58 1.5v STAR B2 II Epsilon CMa A 8 ST Adara

* 71 07 03.1 -23 50 3.0v STAR B3 Iab Omicron^2 CMa 8 ST * 72 07 08.4 -26 23 1.8v STAR F8 Ia Delta CMa 8 ST Wezen * 73 07 13.5 -44 38 2.6v STAR M5 IIIe L2 Pup 8 ST HR2748 * 74 07 17.2 -37 05 2.7v STAR K3 Ib Pi Pup 8 ST * 75 07 24.2 -26 19 2.5v STAR B5 Ia Eta CMa 8 ST Aludra

* 76 07 27.2 +08 17 2.9v STAR B8 V Beta CMi 8 ST Gomeisa * 77 07 29.3 -43 17 220 3.3v STAR K5 III + G5: V Sigma Pup A 9 ST * 78 07 34.6 +31 53 25 1.9v STAR A1 V + A2mA5 Alpha Gem A 9 ST Castor A * 79 07 34.6 +31 53 25 2.9v STAR A2mA5 + A1 V Alpha Gem B 9 ST Castor B * 80 07 39.3 +05 14 40 0.4v STAR F5 IV-V + ? Alpha CMi A 9 ST Procyon B=10.3

* 81 07 45.4 +28 02 1.1v STAR K0 IIIb Beta Gem 8 ST Pollux * 82 07 49.3 -24 52 3.3v STAR G6 Ib Xi Pup 8 ST * 83 08 03.7 -30 01 2.3v STAR O5 Iafn Zeta Pup 8 ST Naos * 84 08 07.6 -24 19 2.7v STAR F6 IIp (var) Rho Pup 8 ST * 85 08 09.5 -47 21 1.7v STAR WC8 + O9 I: Gamma^2 Vel 8 ST

* 86 08 22.5 -59 31 1.9v STAR K3: III Epsilon Car 8 ST Avior * 87 08 44.7 -54 43 20 2.0v STAR A1 IV Delta Vel AB 9 ST B=5.0 * 88 08 55.5 +05 56 3.1v STAR G9 II-III Zeta Hya 8 ST * 89 08 59.3 +48 03 40 3.1v STAR A7 IVn + M1 V Iota UMa A 9 ST Talitha BC=10.8 * 90 09 08.0 -43 25 2.2v STAR K4 Ib-IIa Lambda Vel 8 ST Suhail

* 91 09 13.3 -69 44 1.7v STAR A1 III Beta Car 8 ST Miaplacidus * 92 09 17.1 -59 17 2.2v STAR A8 II Iota Car 8 ST Turais * 93 09 21.1 +34 23 3.1v STAR K7 IIIab Alpha Lyn 8 ST * 94 09 22.1 -55 01 2.5v STAR B2 IV-V Kappa Vel 8 ST * 95 09 27.6 -08 39 2.0v STAR K3 II-III Alpha Hya 8 ST Alphard

* 96 09 31.2 -57 01 3.1v STAR K5 III N Vel 8 ST HR3803 * 97 09 33.0 +51 41 3.2v STAR F6 IV Theta UMa 8 ST * 98 09 45.9 +23 46 3.0v STAR G1 II 1 Leo 8 ST Ras Elased Aus * 99 09 47.2 -65 05 50 3.0v STAR A5 Ib + B7 III Nu Car AB 9 ST B=6.3 *100 10 08.5 +11 58 1.4v STAR B7 Vn Alpha Leo A 8 ST Regulus

*101 10 13.7 -70 02 3.3v STAR B8 IIIn Omega Car 8 ST *102 10 20.0 +19 51 50 2.6v STAR K1 IIIb Fe-0.5 + * Gamma Leo A 9 ST Algieba B=3.5 G7 III Fe-1 *103 10 22.4 +41 30 3.1v STAR M0 IIIp Mu Uma 8 ST Tania Australis *104 10 32.0 -61 42 3.3v STAR B4 Vne Rho Car 8 ST HR4140 *105 10 43.0 -64 24 2.8v STAR B0.5 Vp Theta Car 8 ST

*106 10 46.8 -49 26 20 2.7v STAR G5 III + F8: V Mu Vel AB 9 ST B=6.4 *107 10 49.7 -16 11 3.1v STAR K2 III Ny Hya 8 ST *108 11 01.9 +56 23 2.4v STAR A0mA1 IV-V Beta UMa 8 ST Merak *109 11 03.8 +61 45 3 1.8v STAR K0 IIIa + A8 V Alpha UMa AB 9 ST Dubhe B=4.8 *110 11 09.7 +44 30 3.0v STAR K1 III Psi UMa 8 ST

*111 11 14.2 +20 32 2.6v STAR A4 V Delta Leo 8 ST Zosma *112 11 14.2 +15 26 3.3v STAR A2 Vs Theta Leo 8 ST Chort *113 11 35.8 -63 02 3.1v STAR B9 III Lambda Cen 8 ST *114 11 49.1 +14 34 2.1v STAR A3 V Beta Leo 8 ST Denebola *115 11 53.8 +53 41 2.4v STAR A0 IV-Vn Gamma UMa 8 ST Phad

*116 12 08.4 -50 44 2.5v STAR B2 IVne Delta Cen 8 ST *117 12 10.1 -22 37 3.0v STAR K3 IIIa Epsilon Crv 8 ST Minkar *118 12 15.1 -58 45 2.8v STAR B2 IV Delta Cru 8 ST *119 12 15.5 +57 01 3.3v STAR A2 IV-Vn Delta UMa 8 ST Megrez *120 12 15.8 -17 33 2.6v STAR B8p III: (Hg+Mn) Gamma Crv 8 ST Gienah Ghurab The Star Catalog (continued)

STAR# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

*121 12 26.6 -63 06 50 1.3v STAR B0.5 IV + B1 Vn Alpha Cru A 9 ST Acrux A B=1.7 *122 12 26.7 -63 07 50 1.7v STAR B1 Vn + B0.5 IV Alpha Cru B 9 ST Acrux B A=1.3 *123 12 29.9 -16 31 240 3.0v STAR B9.5 III + K2 V Delta Crv A 9 ST Algorab B=8.3 *124 12 31.2 -57 07 1.6v STAR M3.5 III Gamma Cru 8 ST Gacrux *125 12 34.4 -23 24 2.7v STAR G5 II Beta Crv 8 ST Kraz

*126 12 37.2 -69 09 2.7v STAR B2 IV-V Alpha Mus 8 ST *127 12 41.6 -48 58 50 2.9v STAR B9.5 III + A0 III Gamma Cen A 9 ST B=3.0 *128 12 41.5 -48 58 50 3.0v STAR A0 III + B9.5 III Gamma Cen B 9 ST A=2.9 *129 12 41.7 -01 28 40 2.8v STAR F1 V + F1 V Gamma Vir AB 9 ST Porrima B=3.5 *130 12 46.2 -68 07 10 3.1v STAR B2 V + B2.5 V Beta Mus AB 9 ST B=4.1

*131 12 47.7 -59 42 1.2v STAR B0.5 III Beta Cru 8 ST Becrux Mimosa *132 12 54.0 +55 58 1.8v STAR A0p IV: (Cr+Eu) Epsilon UMa 8 ST Alioth *133 12 56.1 +38 19 2.9v STAR A0p III: (Si+Eu+Sr) Alpha^2 CVn A 8 ST Cor Caroli B=5.6 F0 V *134 13 02.2 +10 58 2.8v STAR G9 IIIab Epsilon Vir 8 ST Vindamiatrix *135 13 19.0 -23 11 3.0v STAR G8 IIIa Gamma Hya 8 ST

*136 13 20.6 -36 43 2.8v STAR A2 V Iota Cen 8 ST *137 13 24.0 +54 55 140 2.3v STAR A1p IV: (Si) + A1mA7 Zeta UMa A 9 ST Mizar B=3.9 *138 13 25.2 -11 10 1.0v STAR B1 V Alpha Vir 8 ST Spica *139 13 39.9 -53 28 2.3v STAR B1 III Epsilon Cen 8 ST *140 13 47.6 +49 19 1.9v STAR B3 V Eta UMa 8 ST Alcaid

*141 13 49.6 -42 28 3.0v STAR B2 IV-Vpne Mu Cen 8 ST *142 13 54.7 +18 24 2.7v STAR G0 IV Eta Boo 8 ST Mufrid *143 13 55.6 -47 17 2.6v STAR B2.5 IV Zeta Cen 8 ST *144 14 03.9 -60 24 0.6v STAR B1 III Beta Cen AB 8 ST Hadar *145 14 06.4 -26 41 3.3v STAR K2 IIIb Pi Hya 8 ST

*146 14 06.7 -36 22 2.1v STAR K0 IIIb Theta Cen 8 ST Menkent *147 14 15.7 +19 11 0.0v STAR K1.5 III Fe-0.5 Alpha Boo 8 ST Arcturus *148 14 32.1 +38 19 3.0v STAR A7 III-IV Gamma Boo 8 ST Seginus *149 14 35.5 -42 10 2.4 STAR B1.5 IVpne Eta Cen 8 ST *150 14 39.8 -60 51 210 0.0v STAR G2 V + K4 V Alpha Cen A 9 ST Rigel Kentaurus B=1.3

*151 14 39.8 -60 51 210 1.3v STAR K4 V + G2 V Alpha Cen B 9 ST A=0.0 *152 14 41.9 -47 24 2.3v STAR B1.5 III Alpha Lup 8 ST *153 14 42.5 -64 59 160 3.2v STAR A7p (Sr) + K5 V Alpha Cir 9 ST B=8.6 *154 14 46.6 +27 04 30 2.4v STAR K0 II-III + A0 V Epsilon Boo 9 ST Izar B=5.1 *155 14 51.1 -51 03 2.8v STAR A3 IV Alpha Lib A 8 ST Zuben Elgenubi

*156 14 50.6 +74 10 2.1v STAR K4 III Beta UMi 8 ST Kocab *157 14 58.5 -43 08 2.7v STAR B2 IV Beta Lup 8 ST *158 14 59.2 -42 06 3.1v STAR B2 V Kappa Cen 8 ST *159 15 04.1 -25 18 3.3v STAR M4 III Sigma Lib 8 ST Brachium *160 15 17.1 -09 23 2.6v STAR B8 Vn Beta Lib 8 ST Zuben Elschemali

*161 15 18.9 -68 41 2.9v STAR A1 IIIn Gamma TrA 8 ST *162 15 21.4 -40 39 3.2v STAR B1.5 IVn Delta Lup 8 ST *163 15 20.7 +71 50 3.1v STAR A2.5 III Gamma UMi 8 ST Pherkad *164 15 24.9 +58 58 3.3v STAR K2 III Iota Dra 8 ST Ed Asich *165 15 35.5 +26 43 2.2v STAR A0 IV Gamma CrB 8 ST Alphekka

*166 15 35.1 -41 10 5 2.8v STAR B2 IVn + B2 IVn Alpha Lup AB 9 ST A=3.5 B=3.6 *167 15 54.3 +06 25 2.7v STAR K2 IIIb (CN1) Alpha Ser 8 ST Unukalhai *168 15 55.1 -63 26 2.9v STAR F0 IV Beta Tra 8 ST *169 15 58.9 -26 08 2.9v STAR B1 V + B2 V Pi Sco A 8 ST *170 15 59.5 +25 54 2.0v STAR gM3: + Bep T CrB 8 ST Galt

*171 16 00.3 -22 38 2.3v STAR B0.3 IV Delta Sco AB 8 ST Dschubba *172 16 05.5 -19 48 10 2.6v STAR B0.5 IV Beta Sco AB 9 ST Graffias B=5.0 C=4.9 @ 14" *173 16 14.3 -03 43 2.7v STAR M0.5 III Delta Oph 8 ST Yed Prior *174 16 18.3 -04 36 3.2v STAR G9.5 IIIb Fe-0.5 Epsilon Oph 8 ST Yed Posterior *175 16 21.2 -25 36 200 2.9v STAR B1 III + B9 V Sigma Sco A 9 ST Alniyat B=8.3

*176 16 24.0 +61 31 60 2.7v STAR G8 IIIab Eta Dra A 9 ST B=8.7 *177 16 29.5 -26 26 30 0.9v STAR M1.5 Iab + B2.5 V Alpha Sco A 9 ST Antares B=5.4 *178 16 30.2 +21 29 2.8v STAR G7 IIIa Beta Her 8 ST Kornephoros *179 16 35.9 -28 13 2.8v STAR B0 V Tau Sco 8 ST *180 16 37.2 -10 34 2.6v STAR O9.5 Vn Zeta Oph 8 ST Fieht The Star Catalog (continued)

STAR# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

*181 16 41.3 +31 36 11 2.8v STAR G1 IV + G7 V Zeta Her AB 9 ST B=5.5 *182 16 48.7 -69 02 1.9v STAR K2 IIb - IIIa Alpha TrA 8 ST Artia *183 16 50.2 -34 17 2.3v STAR K2 III Epsilon Sco 8 ST *184 16 51.9 -38 03 3.0v STAR B1.5 IVn Mu^1 Sco 8 ST *185 16 57.7 +09 22 3.2v STAR K2 III Kappa Oph 8 ST

*186 16 58.7 -56 00 3.1v STAR K4 III Zeta Ara 8 ST *187 17 08.7 +65 43 3.2v STAR B6 III Zeta Dra 8 ST Aldhibah *188 17 10.4 -15 44 10 2.4v STAR A2 Vs + A3 V Eta Oph AB 9 ST Sabik A=3.0 B=3.5 *189 17 12.2 -43 14 3.3v STAR F2p V: (Cr) Eta Sco 8 ST *190 17 14.7 +14 23 3.1v STAR M5 Ib-II Alpha Her AB 8 ST Ras Algethi

*191 17 15.1 +24 50 90 3.1v STAR A1 IVn + ? Delta Her 9 ST Sarin B=8.8 *192 17 15.1 +36 48 3.2v STAR K3 IIab Pi Her 8 ST *193 17 22.1 -25 00 3.3v STAR B2 IV Alpha Oph 8 ST *194 17 25.4 -55 32 2.9v STAR K3 Ib-IIa Beta Ara 8 ST *195 17 25.5 -56 23 3.3v STAR B1 Ib Gamma Ara A 8 ST

*196 17 30.8 -37 17 2.7v STAR B2 IV Upsilon Sco 8 ST *197 17 30.4 +52 19 40 2.8v STAR G2 Ib-IIa + ? Beta Dra A 9 ST Restaban B=11.5 *198 17 31.9 -49 52 3.0v STAR B2 Vne Alpha Ara 8 ST *199 17 33.7 -37 07 1.6v STAR B1.5 IV Lambda Sco 8 ST Shaula *200 17 25.0 +12 33 2.1v STAR A5 IIIn Alpha Oph 8 ST Rasalhague

*201 17 37.3 -43 00 1.9v STAR F1 II Theta Sco 8 ST Sargas *202 17 42.6 -39 02 2.4v STAR B1.5 III Kappa Sco 8 ST *203 17 43.5 +04 34 2.8v STAR K2 III Beta Oph 8 ST Cebalrai *204 17 47.6 -40 07 3.0 STAR F2 Ia Iota^1 Sco 8 ST *205 17 49.9 -37 02 3.2v STAR K2 III G Sco 8 ST HR6630

*206 17 56.6 +51 29 2.2v STAR K5 III Gamma Dra 8 ST Etamin *207 17 59.1 -09 46 3.3v STAR K0 III Nu Oph 8 ST *208 18 05.8 -30 26 3.0v STAR K0 III Gamma^2 Sgr 8 ST Nash *209 18 17.7 -36 46 40 3.1v STAR M3.5 IIIab + G8: IV: Eta Sgr A 9 ST B=8.3 *210 18 21.0 -29 50 2.7v STAR K2.5 IIIa Delta Sgr 8 ST

*211 18 21.3 -02 54 3.3v STAR K0 III-IV Eta Ser 8 ST *212 18 24.2 -34 23 1.9v STAR A0 IIInp (shell) Epsilon Sgr 8 ST Kaus Australis *213 18 28.0 -25 25 2.8v STAR K1 IIIb Lambda Sgr 8 ST Kaus Borealis *214 18 37.0 +38 47 0.0v STAR A0 Va Alpha Lyr 8 ST Vega *215 18 45.7 -26 59 3.2v STAR B8.5 III Phi Sgr 8 ST

*216 18 55.3 -26 18 2.0v STAR B2.5 V Sigma Sgr 8 ST Nunki *217 18 58.9 +32 41 3.2v STAR B9 III Gamma Lyr 8 ST Sulaphat *218 19 02.7 -29 53 5 2.6v STAR A2.5 V + A4: V: Zeta Sgr AB 9 ST Ascella A=3.2 B=3.5 *219 19 05.5 +13 53 3.0v STAR A0 IVnn Zeta Aql A 8 ST *220 19 07.0 -27 39 3.3v STAR K1.5 IIIb Tau Sgr 8 ST

*221 19 09.8 -21 02 6 2.9v STAR F2 II + ? + ? Pi Sgr ABC 9 ST Albaldah A=3.7 B=3.8 *222 19 12.6 +67 39 3.1v STAR G9 III Delta Dra 8 ST Nodus Secundus *223 19 30.8 +27 58 350 3.1v STAR K3 II + B9.5 V Beta Cyg A 9 ST Albireo B=5.1 *224 19 45.0 +45 08 20 2.9v STAR B9.5 III + F1 V Delta Cyg AB 9 ST B=6.4 *225 19 46.3 +10 37 2.7v STAR K3 II Gamma Aql 8 ST Tarazed

*226 19 50.8 +08 52 0.8v STAR A7 Vn Alpha Aql 8 ST Altair *227 20 11.3 -00 50 3.2v STAR B9.5 III Theta Aql 8 ST *228 20 21.1 -14 46 3.1v STAR K0 II + A5 V:n Beta Cap A 8 ST Dabih *229 20 22.2 +40 16 2.2v STAR F8 Ib Gamma Cyg 8 ST Sadr *230 20 26.9 +15 05 1.9v STAR B2.5 V Alpha Pav 8 ST Peacock

*231 20 37.6 -47 18 3.1v STAR K0 III (Cn1) Alpha Ind 8 ST *232 20 41.5 +45 17 1.3v STAR A2 Ia Alpha Cyg 8 ST Deneb *233 20 46.3 +33 58 2.5v STAR K0 III Epsilon Cyg 8 ST Cat *234 21 13.0 +30 13 3.2v STAR G8 IIIa Ba 0.6 Zeta Cyg 8 ST *235 21 18.6 +62 36 2.4v STAR A7 IV-V Alpha Cep 8 ST Alderamin

*236 21 28.7 +70 33 3.2v STAR B1 III Beta Cep 8 ST Alphirk *237 21 31.6 -05 35 2.9v STAR G0 Ib Beta Aqr 8 ST Sadalsuud *238 21 44.2 +09 53 2.4v STAR K2 Ib Epsilon Peg 8 ST Enif '72 flare *239 21 47.1 -16 07 2.9v STAR A3mF2 V: Delta Cap 8 ST *240 21 54.0 -37 22 3.0v STAR B8 III Gamma Gru 8 ST The Star Catalog (continued)

STAR# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

*241 22 05.8 -00 19 3.0v STAR G2 Ib Alpha Aqr 8 ST Sadalmelik *242 22 08.3 -46 58 1.7v STAR B7 IV Alpha Gru 8 ST Al Nair *243 22 18.6 -60 16 2.9v STAR K3 III Alpha Tuc 8 ST *244 22 42.7 -46 52 2.1v STAR M5 III Beta Gru 8 ST *245 22 43.1 +30 14 2.9v STAR G8 II + F0 V Eta Peg 8 ST Matar

*246 22 53.6 -15 50 3.3v STAR A3 IV Delta Aqr 8 ST Skat *247 22 57.7 -29 38 1.2v STAR A3 V Alpha PsA 8 ST Fomalhaut *248 23 03.8 +28 05 2.4v STAR M2 II-III Beta Peg 8 ST Scheat *249 23 04.8 +15 12 2.5v STAR B9.5 V Alpha Peg 8 ST Markab *250 23 39.4 +77 38 3.2v STAR K1 III-IV Gamma Cep 8 ST Alrai

*251 00 06.1 +58 26 15 6.4 STAR 6.4:7.2 @308 ADS 61 9 ST 1980=1.4 @287 107y *252 00 40.0 +21 27 66 5.5 STAR 5.5:8.7 @194 ADS 558 9 ST 1964 Yellow:Blue *253 00 42.4 +04 11 15 7.8 STAR 7.8:9.4 @207 ADS 588 9 ST 1980=1.5 @ 200 *254 00 49.9 +27 42 44 6.3 STAR 6.3:6.3 @296 ADS 683 9 ST 1959 p(Yellow:Blue) *255 00 54.6 +19 11 5 6.2 STAR 6.2:6.9 @211 ADS 746 9 ST 1980=0.5 @ 224 400y

*256 00 55.0 +23 38 8 6.0 STAR 6.0:6.4 @292 ADS 755 9 ST 1980=0.6 @ 259 *257 01 05.7 +21 28 299 5.6 STAR 5.6:5.8 @159 ADS 899 9 ST 1964 Yellow:pBlue *258 01 09.5 +47 15 5 4.6 STAR 4.6:5.5 @133 ADS 940 9 ST 1980=0.5 @ 140 *259 01 13.7 +07 35 230 5.6 STAR 5.6:6.6 @063 ADS 996 9 ST 1972 Yellow:pBlue *260 01 39.8 -56 12 113 5.8 STAR 5.8:5.8 @193 p Eri 9 ST 1980=11.1 @195

*261 02 35.5 +89 35 178 2.0 STAR 2.0:8.9 @216 ADS 1477 9 ST Polaris North Star *262 01 53.6 +19 18 78 4.6 STAR 4.6:4.7 @000 ADS 1507 9 ST 1969 1831=8.6 *263 01 55.9 +01 51 10 6.8 STAR 6.8:6.8 @057 ADS 1538 9 ST 1980=1.2 @053 *264 01 57.9 +23 36 385 4.7 STAR 4.7:7.7 @047 ADS 1563 9 ST 1973 Yellow:Blue *265 02 02.0 +02 46 16 4.2 STAR 4.2:5.2 @273 ADS 1615 9 ST pBlue:pGreen

*266 02 03.9 +42 20 98 2.2 STAR 2.2:5.1 @063 ADS 1630 9 ST 1967 Orange:Emerald *267 02 12.4 +30 18 39 5.3 STAR 5.3:6.9 @071 ADS 1697 9 ST 1959 Yellow:Blue *268 02 14.0 +47 29 11 6.6 STAR 6.6:7.1 @274 ADS 1709 9 ST 1980=1.1 @266 *269 02 29.1 +67 25 25 4.6 STAR 4.6:6.9 @232 ADS 1860 9 ST 1980=2.4 @234 *270 02 37.0 +24 39 383 6.6 STAR 6.6:7.4 @276 ADS 1982 9 ST 1973 Yellow:pBlue

*271 02 43.3 +03 15 28 3.6 STAR 3.6:6.2 @297 ADS 2080 9 ST 1974 Yellow:Ashen *272 03 14.1 +00 11 11 8.8 STAR 8.8:8.8 @139 ADS 2416 9 ST 1980=1.0 @144 *273 03 17.8 +38 38 8 7.8 STAR 7.8:8.3 @259 ADS 2446 9 ST 1980=0.9 @265 *274 03 35.0 +60 02 14 6.8 STAR 6.8:7.6 @261 ADS 2612 9 ST 1980=1.3 @258 *275 03 34.5 +24 28 7 6.6 STAR 6.6:6.7 @002 ADS 2616 9 ST 1980=0.6 @006

*276 03 50.3 +25 35 4 5.8 STAR 5.8:6.2 @211 ADS 2799 9 ST 1980=0.6 @207 *277 03 54.3 -02 57 67 4.7 STAR 4.7:6.2 @347 ADS 2850 9 ST Fixed *278 04 09.9 +80 42 7 5.5 STAR 5.5:6.3 @120 ADS 2963 9 ST 1980=0.8 @109 *279 04 07.5 +38 05 16 7.4 STAR 7.4:8.9 @353 ADS 2995 9 ST 1980=1.4 @003 *280 04 16.0 +31 42 7 8.0 STAR 8.0:8.1 @275 ADS 3082 9 ST 1980=0.8 @270

*281 04 20.4 +27 21 496 5.1 STAR 5.1:8.5 @496 ADS 3137 9 ST 1973 Yel/Ora:Blue *282 04 22.8 +15 03 14 7.3 STAR 7.3:8.5 @352 ADS 3169 9 ST Purple:Blue *283 05 07.9 +08 30 7 5.8 STAR 5.8:6.5 @349 ADS 3711 9 ST 1980=0.7 @021 *284 05 14.5 -08 12 92 0.2 STAR 0.2:6.7 @206 ADS 3823 9 ST Rigel *285 05 35.2 +09 56 43 3.6 STAR 3.6:5.5 @044 ADS 4179 9 ST 1959 Yellow:Purple

*286 05 35.3 -05 23 132 5.1 STAR 5.4:6.8:6.8 ADS 4186 9 ST Trapezium in M42 *287 06 28.8 -07 02 99 4.6 STAR 4.6:5.1:5.4 ADS 5107 9 ST Fixed White Stars *288 06 46.3 +59 27 17 5.4 STAR 5.4:6.0 @074 ADS 5400 9 ST 1980=1.7 @079 *289 06 45.3 -16 42 45 -1.5 STAR -1.5:8.5 @005 ADS 4523 9 ST 1980=10.3 @049 *290 07 12.8 +27 14 13 7.2 STAR 7.2:7.2 @316 ADS 5871 9 ST 1980=1.3 @320 120y

*291 07 30.3 +49 59 8 8.8 STAR 8.8:8.8 @195 ADS 6117 9 ST 1980=0.8 @189 *292 07 34.6 +31 53 30 1.9 STAR 1.9:2.9 @073 ADS 6175 9 ST 1980=2.2 @095 420y *293 08 12.2 +17 39 6 5.6 STAR 5.6:6.0 @182 ADS 6650 9 ST Yellow:Yellow:Blue *294 09 21.1 +38 11 11 6.5 STAR 6.5:6.7 @271 ADS 7307 9 ST 1980=1.1 @254 *295 10 16.3 +17 44 14 7.2 STAR 7.2:7.5 @181 ADS 7704 9 ST 1980=1.4 @183

*296 10 20.0 +19 51 44 2.2 STAR 2.2:3.5 @124 ADS 7724 9 ST 1980=4.3 @123 *297 11 18.3 +31 32 13 4.3 STAR 4.3:4.8 @060 ADS 8119 9 ST 1980=2.9 @105 *298 11 32.4 +61 05 6 5.8 STAR 5.8:7.1 @295 ADS 8197 9 ST 1980=0.4 @211 *299 12 16.1 +40 39 115 5.9 STAR 5.9:9.0 @260 ADS 8489 9 ST 1925 Gold:Blue *300 12 24.4 +25 35 16 6.8 STAR 6.8:7.8 @325 ADS 8539 9 ST 1980=1.5 @326 The Star Catalog (continued)

STAR# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

*301 12 26.6 -63 06 47 1.6 STAR 1.6:2.1 @114 Alpha Cru 9 ST 1943 White:White *302 12 35.1 +18 22 202 5.2 STAR 5.2:6.8 @271 ADS 8600 9 ST 1963 Yellow:vBlue *303 12 41.7 -01 28 30 3.5 STAR 3.5:3.5 @287 ADS 8630 9 ST 1980=3.9 @297 White *304 12 53.3 +21 15 8 5.1 STAR 5.1:7.2 @194 ADS 8695 9 ST 1980=0.8 @175 *305 13 23.9 +54 55 144 2.3 STAR 2.3:4.0 @151 ADS 8891 9 ST 1967

*306 13 49.1 +26 59 34 7.6 STAR 7.6:8.0 @167 ADS 9031 9 ST 1980=3.4 @159 *307 14 15.3 +03 08 12 7.8 STAR 7.8:7.9 @239 ADS 9182 9 ST 1980=1.1 @252 *308 14 20.4 +48 30 13 8.1 STAR 8.1:8.3 @105 ADS 9229 9 ST 1980=1.2 @104 White *309 14 40.0 -60 51 197 0.0 STAR 0.0:1.2 @214 Alpha Cen 9 ST 1980=21.8 @209 *310 14 41.2 +13 44 10 4.5 STAR 4.5:4.6 @160 ADS 9343 9 ST 1980=1.1 @305 White

*311 14 45.0 +27 04 28 2.5 STAR 2.5:5.0 @339 ADS 9372 9 ST 1971 Orange:Green *312 14 51.4 +19 06 70 4.7 STAR 4.7:6.9 @326 ADS 9413 9 ST Orange:Blue *313 14 51.4 +44 56 11 8.4 STAR 8.4:8.6 @348 ADS 9418 9 ST 1980=1.1 @346 *314 15 18.4 +26 50 15 7.3 STAR 7.3:7.4 @255 ADS 9578 9 ST 1980=1.4 @250 *315 15 23.2 +30 17 10 5.6 STAR 5.6:5.9 @027 ADS 9617 9 ST 1980=0.4 @321

*316 15 24.5 +37 20 22 7.0 STAR 7.0:7.6 @012 ADS 9626 9 ST 1980=2.2 @016 *317 15 34.8 +10 32 39 4.1 STAR 4.1:5.2 @179 ADS 9701 9 ST 1960 Yel-Whi:Ashen *318 15 39.4 +36 38 63 5.1 STAR 5.1:6.0 @305 ADS 9737 9 ST 1957 *319 16 04.4 -11 22 7 4.9 STAR 4.9:4.9 @044 ADS 9909 9 ST 1980=1.2 @021 *320 16 14.7 +33 51 69 5.6 STAR 5.6:6.6 @235 ADS 9979 9 ST 1980=6.7 @233

*321 16 29.4 -26 26 24 0.9v STAR 0.9:5.5 @276 ADS 10074 9 ST Antares Red:pGreen *322 16 28.9 +18 24 17 7.7 STAR 7.7:7.8 @129 ADS 10075 9 ST 1980=1.4 @136 *323 16 30.9 +01 59 15 4.2 STAR 4.2:5.2 @022 ADS 10087 9 ST 1980=1.3 @ 013 *324 16 56.5 +65 02 14 7.1 STAR 7.1:7.3 @069 ADS 10279 9 ST 1980=1.3 @069 *325 17 05.4 +54 28 19 5.7 STAR 5.7:5.7 @025 ADS 10345 9 ST 1980=1.9 @042

*326 17 15.4 -26 35 48 5.1 STAR 5.1:5.1 @151 ADS 10417 9 ST Orange:Orange *327 17 14.7 +14 24 47 3.2 STAR 3.2:5.4 @107 ADS 10418 9 ST 1968 Yellow:Blue *328 17 23.7 +37 08 40 4.6 STAR 4.6:5.5 @316 ADS 10526 9 ST 1964 *329 18 01.5 +21 36 65 5.1 STAR 5.1:5.2 @258 ADS 10993 9 ST 1953 Yellow:pRed *330 18 03.1 -08 11 18 5.2 STAR 5.2:5.9 @280 ADS 11005 9 ST 1980=1.9 @277

*331 18 05.3 +02 32 15 4.2 STAR 4.2:6.0 @220 ADS 11046 9 ST Yel-Ora:Ora *332 18 25.0 +27 24 7 6.5 STAR 6.5:7.5 @126 ADS 11334 9 ST 1980=0.7 @129 *333 18 35.8 +16 58 15 6.8 STAR 6.8:7.0 @155 ADS 11483 9 ST 1980=1.6 @161 *334 18 44.4 +39 40 26 5.0 STAR 5.0:6.1 @353 ADS 11635 9 ST 1980=2.7 @355 White *335 18 44.4 +39 36 24 5.2 STAR 5.2:5.5 @080 ADS 11635 9 ST 1980=2.3 @084 White

*336 18 57.1 +32 54 10 5.4 STAR 5.4:7.5 @021 ADS 11871 9 ST 1980=1.1 @051 *337 19 06.4 -37 03 13 4.8 STAR 4.8:5.1 @109 Gamma CrA 9 ST 1980=1.5 @157 *338 19 26.5 +27 19 20 8.1 STAR 8.1:8.4 @292 ADS 12447 9 ST 1980=1.8 @293 *339 19 30.7 +27 58 344 3.2 STAR 3.2:5.4 @054 ADS 12540 9 ST 1967 Gold:Blue *340 19 45.5 +33 37 24 8.3 STAR 8.3:8.4 @349 ADS 12889 9 ST 1980=2.0 @357

*341 20 21.0 -14 46 2050 3.1 STAR 3.1:6.2 @267 Beta Cap 9 ST Yellow:Blue *342 20 46.6 +16 08 98 4.3 STAR 4.3:5.2 @268 ADS 14279 9 ST 1967 Gold:Blue-Gre *343 20 47.5 +36 29 9 4.9 STAR 4.9:6.1 @011 ADS 14296 9 ST White:pBlue *344 20 59.1 +04 18 10 6.0 STAR 6.0:6.3 @285 ADS 14499 9 ST 1980=1.1 @286 *345 21 02.3 +07 11 28 7.3 STAR 7.3:7.5 @217 ADS 14556 9 ST 1961

*346 21 06.7 +38 42 297 5.2 STAR 5.2:6.0 @148 ADS 14636 9 ST 1980=29.0 @146 *347 22 28.8 +00 15 19 4.3 STAR 4.3:4.5 @207 ADS 15971 9 ST pYellow:pBlue *348 22 28.2 +57 42 33 9.8 STAR 9.8:11.5 @132 ADS 15972 9 ST 1980=2.6 @176 Reds *349 22 33.0 +69 55 4 6.5 STAR 6.5:7.0 @094 ADS 16057 9 ST 1980=0.5 @086 *350 23 34.0 +31 20 4 5.6 STAR 5.6:5.7 @280 ADS 16836 9 ST 1980=0.4 @267

*351 21 12.3 -88 58 5.5 STAR VAR 5.3-5.7 F0III Sigma Oct 8 ST S-Pole * Sigma Oct The M (Messier) Catalog

M# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME Q TAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

M 1 05 34.5 +22 01 360 8.4 PLAN NEB EMIS SN REM CNGC 1952 B 4 ST M1 Crab Nebula 4kly M 2 21 33.5 -00 50 774 6.5v GLOB CLUS sp=F4 CNGC 7089 C 2 ST M2 40kly M 3 13 42.3 +28 23 972 6.4v GLOB CLUS sp=F7 CNGC 5272 B 2 ST M3 35kly M 4 16 23.7 -26 31 1578 5.9v GLOB CLUS sp=G0 CNGC 6121 B 2 ST M4 14kly M 5 15 18.6 +02 05 1044 5.8v GLOB CLUS sp=F6 CNGC 5904 B 2 ST M5 26kly

M 6 17 40.1 -32 13 900 4.2v OPEN CLUS sp=B4 CNGC 6405 C 1 ST M6 1500ly M 7 17 54.0 -34 49 4800 3.3v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 CNGC 6475 C 1 ST M7 800ly M 8 18 03.2 -24 23 5400 5.2 OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O5 CNGC 6523 B 6 ST M8 Lagoon Nebula 5100ly M 9 17 19.2 -18 31 558 7.9v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6333 D 2 ST M9 M 10 16 57.1 -04 07 906 6.6v GLOB CLUS sp=G1 CNGC 6254 D 2 ST M10 20kly

M 11 18 51.1 -06 16 840 5.8v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 6705 C 1 ST M11 Very rich 5600ly M 12 16 47.2 -01 57 870 6.6v GLOB CLUS sp=F8 CNGC 6218 D 2 ST M12 24kly M 13 16 41.7 +36 27 996 5.9v GLOB CLUS sp=F6 CNGC 6205 B 2 ST M13 Hercules Globular M 14 17 37.6 -03 17 702 7.6v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6402 D 2 ST M14 M 15 21 30.0 +12 10 738 6.4v GLOB CLUS sp=F2 CNGC 7078 C 2 ST M15 X-Ray Source 34kly

M 16 18 18.8 -13 47 2100 6.0v OPEN CLUS + ENEB sp=O7 CNGC 6611 D 6 ST M16 Eagle Nebula 5500ly M 17 18 20.8 -16 11 2760 6.0v DIFF ENEB + OPEN CLUS HII CNGC 6618 B 6 ST M17 Omega/Swan/Horseshoe M 18 18 20.0 -17 08 540 6.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6613 D 1 ST M18 M 19 17 02.6 -26 15 810 7.2v GLOB CLUS OBLATE CNGC 6273 D 2 ST M19 Oblate Shape Globular M 20 18 02.3 -23 02 1740 6.3v DIFF ENEB + OPEN CLUS HII CNGC 6514 B 6 ST M20 Trifid Nebula 3500ly

M 21 18 04.6 -22 30 780 5.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6531 D 1 ST M21 M 22 18 36.3 -23 56 1440 5.1v GLOB CLUS sp=F7 CNGC 6656 C 2 ST M22 10kly M 23 17 57.0 -19 01 1620 5.5v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 6494 D 1 ST M23 1400ly M 24 18 20.0 -18 26 4800 4.7 OPEN CLUS CNGC 6630 c 1 T M24 Best with large field M 25 18 33.5 -19 14 2400 6.5 OPEN CLUS SPARSE CNGC 6634 c 1 M25 IC 4725 Sparse Cluster

M 26 18 45.4 -09 24 900 8.0v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6694 D 1 ST M26 M 27 19 59.6 +22 43 910 7.6p PLAN NEB CNGC 6853 B 4 ST M27 Dumbbell Nebula 3500ly M 28 18 24.6 -24 52 672 6.9v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6626 D 2 ST M28 M 29 20 23.9 +38 32 420 6.6v OPEN CLUS CNGC 6913 D 1 ST M29 M 30 21 40.3 -23 11 660 7.5v GLOB CLUS CNGC 7099 D 2 S M30

M 31 00 42.8 +41 17 10680 3.5 GALAXY Sb I-II UGC 454 B 5 ST M31 Andromeda Gal 178x63 M 32 00 42.8 +40 53 456 8.2 GALAXY E2 UGC 452 C 5 ST M32 Comp of M31 7.6x5.8 M 33 01 33.9 +30 40 3720 5.7 GALAXY Sc II-III UGC 1117 C 5 ST M33 Triangulum Gal 62x39 M 34 02 42.0 +42 47 2100 5.2v OPEN CLUS CNGC 1039 C 1 ST M34 M 35 06 08.9 +24 21 1680 5.1v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 CNGC 2168 C 1 ST M35 2800ly

M 36 05 36.2 +34 08 720 6.0v OPEN CLUS CNGC 1960 C 1 ST M36 M 37 05 52.4 +32 33 1440 5.6v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 2099 C 1 ST M37 4200ly M 38 05 28.7 +35 51 1260 6.4v OPEN CLUS sp=B5 CNGC 1912 C 1 ST M38 4600ly M 39 21 32.2 +48 26 1920 4.6v OPEN CLUS CNGC 7092 D 1 ST M39 M 40 12 36.4 +25 59 972 9.6 GALAXY Sb I: + 3-SYS FNT UGC 7772 BA ST M40 16.2x2.8 Edge-On Lane

M 41 06 47.1 -20 45 2280 4.5v OPEN CLUS sp=B4 CNGC 2287 C 1 ST M41 2200ly M 42 05 35.3 -05 23 3960 3.9 DIFF RNEB + ENEB CNGC 1976 A 3 ST M42 Orion Nebula Blue+Red M 43 05 35.5 -05 16 1200 5.8 DIFF RNEB + ENEB CNGC 1982 C 3 ST M43 Orion Nebula Extension M 44 08 40.1 +19 59 5700 3.1v OPEN CLUS sp=A0 CNGC 2632 C 1 ST M44 Praesepe/Beehive 590ly M 45 03 47.1 +24 07 7200 1.6 OPEN CLUS + RNEB sp=B6 CNGC 1457 c 6 ST M45 Pleiades 410ly

M 46 07 41.9 -14 49 1620 6.1v OPEN CLUS sp=B8 CNGC 2437 C 1 ST M46 5400ly (+CNGC 2438 PN) M 47 07 36.6 -14 29 1800 4.4v OPEN CLUS sp=B3 CNGC 2422 D 1 ST M47 1600ly M 48 08 13.7 -05 47 3240 5.8v OPEN CLUS CNGC 2548 D 1 ST M48 M 49 12 29.8 +08 00 534 8.4 GALAXY E4 UGC 7629 C 5 ST M49 8.9x7.4 M 50 07 02.9 -08 20 960 5.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 2323 D 1 ST M50

M 51 13 30.0 +47 11 660 8.4 GALAXY Sc I 2-SYS FACE UGC 8493 BA ST M51 11.0x7.8 Whirlpool Gal M 52 23 24.2 +61 36 780 6.9v OPEN CLUS CNGC 7654 D 1 ST M52 M 53 13 13.0 +18 10 756 7.7v GLOB CLUS CNGC 5024 D 2 ST M53 M 54 18 55.2 -30 28 546 7.7v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6715 D 2 ST M54 M 55 19 40.1 -30 56 1140 7.0 GLOB CLUS sp=F5 CNGC 6809 D 2 ST M55 20kly

M 56 19 16.6 +30 10 426 8.3v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6779 D 2 ST M56 M 57 18 53.5 +33 02 150 9.7p PLAN NEB RING-LIKE CNGC 6720 B 4 ST M57 Ring Nebula 5kly M 58 12 37.8 +11 49 324 9.8 GALAXY Sb UGC 7796 C 5 ST M58 5.4x4.4 Near CNGC 4621 M 59 12 42.1 +11 38 306 9.8 GALAXY E3 UGC 7858 D 5 ST M59 5.1x3.4 Near CNGC 4579 M 60 12 43.7 +11 33 432 8.8 GALAXY E1 UGC 7898 D 5 ST M60 7.2x6.2 Near CNGC 4621 The M (Messier) Catalog (continued)

M# RA DEC SIZE MAG TYPE & DESCRIPTION ALT NAME QTAGS COMMON NAME/COMMENTS

M 61 12 22.0 +04 28 360 9.7 GALAXY Sc I 2-SYS UGC 7420 DA ST M61 6.0x5.5 Face-On M 62 17 01.3 -30 07 846 6.6v GLOB CLUS OBLATE CNGC 6266 D 2 ST M62 Non-symmetrical M 63 13 15.8 +42 02 738 8.6 GALAXY Sb+ II UGC 8334 C 5 ST M63 12.3x7.6 Sunflower Gal M 64 12 56.7 +21 41 558 8.5 GALAXY Sb- UGC 8062 C 5 ST M64 9.3x5.4 Black Eye Gal M 65 11 18.9 +13 05 600 9.3 GALAXY Sb II: UGC 6328 C 5 ST M65 10.0x3.3 Near M66

M 66 11 20.2 +12 59 522 9.0 GALAXY Sb+ II: UGC 6346 C 5 ST M66 8.7x4.4 Near M65 M 67 08 51.1 +11 49 1800 6.9v OPEN CLUS sp=F2 CNGC 2682 D 1 ST M67 Very old 2700ly M 68 12 39.4 -26 46 720 8.2v GLOB CLUS CNGC 4590 D 2 ST M68 M 69 18 31.4 -32 21 426 7.7v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6637 D 2 ST M69 M 70 18 43.2 -32 18 468 8.1v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6681 D 2 ST M70

M 71 19 53.7 +18 47 432 8.3v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6838 D 2 ST M71 M 72 20 53.5 -12 33 354 9.4v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6981 D 2 ST M72 M 73 20 59.0 -12 37 168 8.9p OPEN CLUS CNGC 6994 D 1 ST M73 M 74 01 36.7 +15 47 612 9.2 GALAXY Sc I UGC 1149 D 5 ST M74 10.2x9.5 M 75 20 06.2 -21 55 360 8.6v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6864 D 2 ST M75

M 76 01 42.0 +51 34 290 12.2 PLAN NEB PART OF 0651 CNGC 0650 C 4 ST M76 Little Dumbbell Nebula M 77 02 42.7 -00 01 414 8.8 GALAXY Sbp SEYFERT UGC 2188 D 5 ST M77 6.9x5.9 Seyfert Galaxy M 78 05 46.8 +00 03 480 11.3 DIFF RNEB CNGC 2068 C 3 ST M78 Blue 1500ly M 79 05 24.2 -24 31 522 8.0v GLOB CLUS CNGC 1904 D 2 ST M79 M 80 16 17.1 -23 00 534 7.2v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6093 D 2 ST M80

M 81 09 55.7 +69 04 1542 6.9 GALAXY Sb I-II CNGC 3031 C 5 ST M81 25.7x14.1 Near M82 M 82 09 55.9 +69 41 672 8.4 GALAXY P EDGE-ON UGC 5322 C 5 ST M82 11.2x4.6 Exploding M 83 13 37.1 -29 51 672 8.2 GALAXY Sc I-II FACE-ON CNGC 5236 B 5 ST M83 11.2x10.2 M 84 12 25.1 +12 53 300 9.3 GALAXY E1 UGC 7494 C 5 ST M84 5.0x4.4 Near M86 M 85 12 25.5 +18 11 426 9.2 GALAXY Ep 2-SYS UGC 7508 CA ST M85 7.1x5.2

M 86 12 26.3 +12 56 444 9.2 GALAXY E3 UGC 7532 C 5 ST M86 7.4x5.5 M 87 12 30.9 +12 23 432 8.6 GALAXY E1 + E0 2-SYS UGC 7654 DA ST M87 7.2x6.8 + CNGC 4471 M 88 12 32.1 +14 25 414 9.5 GALAXY Sb+ I MULTI-ARM UGC 7675 D 5 ST M88 6.9x3.9 M 89 12 35.7 +12 33 252 9.8 GALAXY E0 UGC 7760 D 5 ST M89 4.2x4.2 M 90 12 36.9 +13 09 570 9.5 GALAXY Sb+ UGC 7786 C 5 ST M90 9.5x4.7

M 91 12 35.5 +14 29 324 10.2 GALAXY SBb + Sc 2-SYS UGC 7753 DA ST M91 5.4x4.4 Near CNGC 4571 M 92 17 17.2 +43 09 672 6.5v GLOB CLUS sp=F1 CNGC 6341 D 2 ST M92 X-Ray Source 26kly M 93 07 44.6 -23 52 1320 6.2v OPEN CLUS + DNEB CNGC 2447 D 6 ST M93 Includes dark nebula M 94 12 50.9 +41 08 660 8.2 GALAXY Sb-p II: UGC 7996 C 5 ST M94 11.0x9.1 M 95 10 43.9 +11 42 444 9.7 GALAXY S(B)b II UGC 5850 C 5 ST M95 7.4x5.1 Near M96

M 96 10 46.7 +11 49 426 9.2 GALAXY Sbp UGC 5882 C 5 ST M96 7.1x5.1 Near M95 M 97 11 14.8 +55 02 194 12.0p PLAN NEB CNGC 3587 C 4 ST M97 Owl Nebula 12kly M 98 12 13.9 +14 54 570 10.1 GALAXY Sb I-II: 3-SYS UGC 7231 DA ST M98 9.5x3.2 M 99 12 18.9 +14 25 324 9.8 GALAXY Sc I NEAR FACE-ON UGC 7345 D 5 ST M99 5.4x4.8 M100 12 23.0 +15 49 414 9.4 GALAXY Sc I FACE-ON UGC 7450 D 5 ST M100 6.9x6.2 Brite Nucleus

M101 14 03.3 +54 21 1614 7.7 GALAXY Sc I FACE-ON UGC 8981 C 5 S M101 26.9x26.3 Pinwheel M102 15 06.5 +55 45 312 10.0 GALAXY E6p 2-SYS UGC 9723 DA ST M102 5.2x2.3 M103 01 33.3 +60 43 360 7.4v OPEN CLUS CNGC 0581 D 1 ST M103 M104 12 39.9 -11 38 534 8.3 GALAXY Sb- CNGC 4594 C 5 ST M104 8.9x4.1 “Sombrero” M105 10 47.8 +12 35 270 9.3 GALAXY E1 2-SYS UGC 5902 CA ST M105 4.5x4.0

M106 12 19.0 +47 18 1092 8.3 GALAXY Sb+p UGC 7353 C 5 ST M106 18.2x7.9 M107 16 32.5 -13 02 600 8.1v GLOB CLUS CNGC 6171 D 2 ST M107 M108 11 11.6 +55 41 498 10.1 GALAXY Sc NEAR EDGE-ON UGC 6225 C 5 ST M108 8.3x2.5 Near M97 M109 11 57.6 +53 22 456 9.8 GALAXY S(B)b+ I UGC 6937 D 5 ST M109 7.6x4.9 M110 00 40.4 +41 42 1044 8.0 GALAXY E6: UGC 426 C 5 ST M110 Comp of M31 17.4x9.8 APPENDIX D: would care for, use a photographic-grade camel-hair brush, with MAINTAINING YOUR LX200 very gentle strokes. You can also blow off dust with an ear syringe (available from a local pharmacy).

Keeping Your Telescope Clean and Dry There is a point when the optics must be cleaned: when you can Preventive maintenance is the best course for keeping easily see a thin layer of fine particulates that make the optics astronomical equipment in top working order. The measures look very slightly hazy. To clean the optics make your own lens- taken when observing, and storing equipment between observing cleaning solutions, since it is impossible to know all of the runs can add years of trouble-free use. ingredients used in commercial lens cleaners. Pure isopropyl alcohol (90% or more) will clean most residual film build-up on Dust and moisture are the two main problems. When observing, optical surfaces (and metal surfaces too). use a proper-fitting dew shield. The dew shield not only prevents dew from forming, and dust from settling on the corrector-plate The Three-Part Solution lens, it prevents stray light from reducing image contrast. You can remove organic materials (e.g., fingerprints) on the front Although dew shields go a long way to prevent moisture build-up, lens with a solution of 3 parts distilled water to 1 part isopropyl there can be times when the telescope optics have a uniform alcohol. A single drop of biodegradable dishwashing soap may coating of moist dew. This is not particularly harmful, as long as be added per pint of solution. Use soft, white facial tissues and you let the dew evaporate. Use a hair dryer or just set up the telescope indoors with the dust covers removed. Let the foam- CAUTION: Do not use scented, colored, or lotioned lined case for the LX200 dry indoors for a day if the night was tissues;they can damage the optics. moist (packing your telescope away in a moist case can give it a steam bath later). make short, gentle strokes. Change tissues often.

C AU T I O N : A ny time the LX200 is being stored or Sprayer bottles are a convenient dispenser of lens-cleaning transported, be sure to release the R.A. and Dec. locks, solutions onto the tissues. If the optics are small (e. g . , to prevent serious damage to the drive gears. viewfinders or eyepieces), you can roll the tissue to the approp- riate thickness and then break it in half to create two cleaning wands. Avoid the so-called lens cleaning papers (many contain fiberglass), lens cloths, or chamois. CAUTION: Never attempt to wipe down dew-covered o p t i c s . Dust and dirt may be trapped with the Before attempting to clean an optical surface with a liquid collected dew; you may scratch the optics. After the solution, you must remove as much dust as possible with forced dew evaporates, you will most likely find the optics in air and/or gentle strokes with a photographic-grade camel-hair fine condition for the next observing session. brush. The forced-air can come from a rubber ear syringe, or canned compressed air from a photographic supply store. Hold the canned vertical and spray air on your hand before aiming at If you live in a very moist climate, you may need to use silica the optics to see if any of propellant (solid material) comes out. desiccant stored in the telescope’s case to ward off moisture and Propellant is very difficult to remove from optics, so take care not the possibility of fungus growing on and within the coatings of the to tip the can when using it. If you have access to a compressor optics. Replace the desiccant as often as necessary. hose, be sure that it is filtered to prevent oil from spraying on the If you live in a coastal or tropical zone, cover the electronic ports optics. on the power panel and the keypad with gaffer’s tape to reduce Once you have removed most of the dust and large particles, corrosion on the metal contacts. Apply a dab of a water- begin cleaning with the mixture described above. Pour or spray displacement solution (e.g., WD-40) with a small brush on all enough solution onto a pillow or wand of tissue until it is quite interior metal contacts and the input-cord metal contacts. Keep wet. If you are cleaning a corrector plate, use radial strokes with the keypad and all separate accessories in sealable plastic bags a smooth pillow of tissue, starting from the center out, using no with silica desiccant. pressure. If you are cleaning small optical surfaces, use the A thick layer of dust will attract and absorb moisture on all rolled wands of tissue starting from the edges then spiraling in to exposed surfaces. Left unattended, this can cause damaging the center, again using no pressure. Never pour or spray the corrosion. To reduce dust when you are observing, set up the solution onto the corrector plate or eyepieces themselves, as the telescope on a small section of indoor/outdoor carpet. If you are liquid may go behind or between lenses, where it is difficult or observing for more than one night in a row, you can leave the impossible to reach. Never attempt to disassemble an eyepiece telescope set up but covered with a large plastic bag (such as the to clean the inner elements, as you will certainly not be able to one supplied with the telescope). You can seal off the rear cell center and re-assemble the optical train. opening of the LX200 from the elements by threading on the optional accessory Skylight 1A Dust Seal. Eyepieces, diagonals, Use dry tissue for the final clean up, again using no pressure. If and other accessories are best kept in plastic bags and stored in some residue remains, repeat the procedure using the three-part cases, such as the Meade #50 Accessory Case. solution described above and the same cleaning techniques.

To prevent corrosion, routinely clean all the non-optical surfaces The inside surface of the corrector plate and secondary mirror of the LX200 with a soft rag and alcohol. You can also keep the may become dirty from particles falling inside the tube when you cast-metal surfaces and individual exposed screws looking new remove or replace the rear dust cover or when you thread on and corrosion free by wiping them with a water-displacement accessories. To reduce the chance of interior contamination, the solution. Do not smear the solution onto any optical surface, and Meade Skylight 1ADust Seal is very effective. If you do not use wipe up any excess solution with a clean dry cloth. You can polish the Dust Seal, have the rear cell pointed downward when you the painted tube with a liquid car polish and a soft rag. replace the rear dust cover or when you attach accessories.

The most common telescope-maintenance error is cleaning Another more serious, but still not damaging possibility is that of the optics too often. A little dust on any of the optical surfaces a hazy (usually uneven) film building up on the inside of the causes virtually no degradation of optical performance. Some corrector plate. This can come from environmental pollutants or small particles on the inside or outside of telescope optics are of temperature changes causing outgassing or water condensation no concern. Should the optics get more dust on them than you from the interior paint. You can clean the interior of the optical system yourself or have With the star or hot spot centered, de-focus the image. You will it done professionally. If you do it yourself, handle the optics notice that the unfocused star image looks like a ring of light very carefully. Any impact or rough handling can damage the (the dark center of the ring is the shadow of the secondary surfaces. This may require complete optical replacement at mirror). Turn the focus knob until the ring of light fills about Meade Instruments at substantial cost. Meade Instruments 1/8th of the eyepiece field. If you keep de-focusing the star past assumes no liability for damage caused by the customer. about one-eighth of a field, the ring looks perfectly concentric (as in 3, Fig. 16) even if the optics are out of alignment, thus The techniques described above are used while you clean the preventing you from seeing any misalignments. If the ring of interior of the optical system, with one exception: Do not apply light does not appear concentric or if the dark center appears cleaning solutions to the front surface mirrored optics. to be offset in the in the ring of light, follow this procedure: Use only the soft camel-hair brush and the ear syringe for removing particles. You can clean the corrector plate in the 1. To make collimation easy, the only adjustments possible on normal manner. the 16” LX200 come from the three set-screws (shown in Fig.15) located at the edge of the outer surface of the To remove the corrector plate, follow this procedure: secondary mirror housing. 1. Remove the six stainless-steel screws that hold the corrector-plate retaining ring with the raised white lettering in place. Do this with the drive base placed flat on a work bench and the optical tube assembly pointed up at a 45° angle, with the Dec. lock secure to prevent accidental dislodging of the corrector plate. 2. Remove the retaining ring and locate the two white alignment marks, one at the edge of the corrector plate lens and one beside it on the black metal front cell. These two marks line up and serve as the precise rotational position of the corrector plate in the optical train. If there are no marks, make them yourself with a small paintbrush and some white 1 pain so you can return the corrector plate to the front cell in 2 the same position from which you removed it. 3. Remove the corrector plate from the telescope, holding it by the plastic central secondary housing. Gently flip it over so 3 that the secondary mirror faces you, then reinsert the Fig.15: Collimation of the optical system. corrector plate back into the front cell. This allows you full (1), (2), (3) Set-screws for adjusting collimation. access to clean the interior optical surfaces without touching them with your fingers. 2. While looking at the de-focused star image and noticing which direction the darker shadow is offset in the ring of light 4. When cleaning is complete, replace the corrector plate in its or noticing which part of the ring is the thinnest (1, Fig. 16), original position, carefully lining up the rotational index place your index finger in front of the telescope so that it marks described above. Replace the retainer. Partially touches one of the collimation set-screws. You will see the thread in all the stainless steel screws, then, one at a time, shadow of your finger in the ring of light. Move your finger (or snug the screws down to prevent the corrector plate from have an assistant move a finger) around the edge of the rotating in the front cell. Take care not to overtighten the black plastic secondary mirror support until you see the screws, as this will stress the corrector plate lens. shadow of the finger crossing the thinnest part of the ring of 5. A final check of the optical system is to inspect for proper light. At this point, look at the front of the telescope, where collimation (alignment) of the optics. your (or your assistant’s) finger is aiming. It is either pointing directly at a set-screw or it is between two set-screws aiming Collimation (Alignment) of the Optical System at the set-screw on the far side of the black plastic secondary mirror support. This is the set-screw that you will The optical collimation (alignment) of any astronomical adjust. telescope used for serious purposes is important. With the Schmidt-Cassegrain design of the 16” LX200, such collimation CAUTION: DO NOT FORCE THE THREE COLLIMATION is essential. Read and understand this section so that your SET-SCREWS PAST THEIR NORMAL TRAVEL AND DO LX200 can give the best optical performance. NOT LOOSEN THEM MORE THAN TWO FULL TURNS (COUNTER-CLOCKWISE) OR THE SECONDA RY For final optical tests, Meade precisely collimates every MIRROR MAY COME LOOSE FROM ITS SUPPORT. THE Schmidt-Cassegrain at the factory before shipment because ADJUSTMENTS ARE V E RY SENSITIVE. U S UA L LY, shipment and normal handling can degrade the optical TURNING A COLLIMATION SCREW ONLY ONE-HALF A alignment. The design of the optical support system simplifies TURN GIVES DRAMATIC RESULTS. collimation. Even the uninitiated can collimate the optics to the same high precision that is performed at the Meade Instruments 3. Using the telescope’s slow motion controls, move the de- Optical Laboratories. focused image to the edge of the eyepiece field of view (2, Fig. 16), in the direction that the darker shadow is offset To check the collimation of your LX200, center a bright star that in the ring of light. is overhead or use a hot spot of sunlight reflected from a chrome car bumper or a telephone-pole insulator, with the 4. Turn the set-screw that you found with the pointing exercise supplied 26mm eyepiece. To evaluate the alignment, let the while looking in the eyepiece. Notice that the star image telescope either cool down or warm up to the ambient moves across the field. If, while turning, the out-of-focus star temperature where the instrument is set up. Temperature image flies out of the eyepiece field, you are turning the differences between the optics and the outside air can distort the screw the wrong way. Turn in the opposite direction and images. bring the image to the center of the field. (1) (2) (3) Fig.16: De-focused Star Images.

5. If, while turning, you feel the screw get very loose, tighten the The 3-amp slow-blow fuse will sacrifice itself to protect the LX200 other two screws by equal amounts. If while turning, the set- electronics in the event that the telescope is prevented from screw gets too tight, unthread the other two by equal amounts. completing a GO TO function (e.g., the tube runs into something that keeps it from slewing). 6. When you bring the image to center (3, Fig. 16), carefully examine the concentricity of the ring of light. If you find that the dark center is still off in the same direction, continue to make 1 2 the adjustment in the original turning direction. If it is now off in the opposite direction, you have turned too far; turn in the opposite direction. Always double check the image in the center of the field of the eyepiece. 7. You may find after your initial adjustment that the dark center is off in a new direction (e.g., instead of side-to-side, it is off in an up-and-down direction). If this is the case, follow steps 2 through 6 above to find the new adjustment. 8. Now try a higher power (e.g., 9mm or less) eyepiece and repeat the above tests. Any lack of collimation at this point will require only very slight adjustments of the three set-screws. Fig.17: Reverse Side of Power Panel. (1) Battery; (2) Fuse. You now have good collimation. 9. As a final check on alignment, examine the star image in-focus Factory Service and Repairs with the higher-power eyepiece as suggested above, under good seeing conditions (steady atmospheric conditions). The Meade LX200 models have been designed and manufactured star point should appear as a small central dot (the Airy disc) to give years of trouble-free operation; repairs should rarely be with a diffraction ring surrounding it. For a final precision necessary. If a problem does occur, first write or call our collimation, make extremely slight adjustments of the three Customer Service Department. set-screws, if necessary, to center the Airy disc in the diffraction ring. You now have the best alignment of the optics Do not return the telescope until you have communicated with possible. us because the great majority of problems can be handled without returning the telescope to us. However, should the telescope require factory servicing, a Meade Instruments Right Ascension (R.A.) Lock Customer Service Representative will issue a Return Goods After a period of time, it is possible that the R.A. lock (6, Fig. 1) Authorization (RGA) number and give you full instructions on of the LX200 will not tighten sufficiently due to internal wear of how to use it. the clutch mechanism. In such an event, remove the R.A. lock Product returned without the RGA number may greatly delay lever, using one of the hex wrenches supplied with the telescope. any servicing or repairs. When telephoning or writing, please Then, with a pair of pliers, tighten the shaft protruding outward from the drive base until you cannot easily rotate the fork arm in explain the exact nature of the problem so that we may offer a R.A. (Take care in this operation not to damage the cosmetic prompt remedial procedure. Be sure to include your full name, finish of your LX200). Replace the R.A. lock lever so that the address, phone number, and fax number. handle points straight out from the cross-bar connecting the fork If you live outside the United States, contact your Authorized arm. Meade Distributor from whom you purchased the telescope. Behind the Power Panel You can reach the Meade Instruments Customer Service Department by mail, phone, or fax at: The LX200 power panel houses the backup replaceable battery (1, Fig. 17) for the clock and calendar and a replaceable standard Meade Instruments Corporation 3.0-amp slow-blow fuse (2, Fig. 17). The long-life lithium battery 6001 Oak Canyon (Panasonic CR2032 3vDC or Duracell DL2032B) is stored Irvine, CA 92618-5200 behind the front panel of the drive base. The battery requires Telephone (949) 451-1450 replacement every few years. Replace the battery by Fax (949) 451-1460. unthreading the four Phillips-head screws that secure the front panel to the drive base. Then, with a thin flat-head screwdriver, Outside the U.S., dial your International Access Code, then 1, lift the small coin-size battery out of its holder. The new battery then the ten-digit number given above. Customer Service hours slides into place. are 8:30 AM to 4:30 PM, Pacific Time, Monday through Friday. - 51 - APPENDIX E: LX200 PERSONAL COMPUTER CONTROL Telescope Remote operation of a computerized telescope has been only a Panel dream for most amateur astronomers. The realization of fully controlling a telescope through a personal computer has been Connector expensive and has required expert knowledge of software and hardware. The LX200’s internal software supports the RS-232 interface, requiring only a serial communication program, such as Procomm. With a serial communication program, you can use the individual commands from the LX200 command set to simulate keypad control functions of the LX200. A simple RS-232 connection to virtually any computer makes all LX200 commands and modes available. You can use a PC to explore the object library, adjust slewing speeds, or adjust focus with the optional #1206 Electric Focuser. 6 3 5 2 4 1

If you are not a professional programmer, but wish to explore Fig.18: LX200 modular connector. remote operation of the LX200 with your computer, there are after-market software programs available specifically for the 10 CLS LX200, including AstroSearch from Meade Instruments Corp. 20 DEFINTA-X This appendix provides the following: 30 OPEN "COM1:9600,N,8,1,CD0,CS0,DS0,RS," FOR RANDOM AS #1 Schematic for constructing your own RS-232 cable 50 key1$ = INKEY$: IF key1$ = "" THEN GO TO 50 LX200 TEST program to test the RS-232 communication line 60 REM KEY1S LX200 command set 70 IF key1$ = CHR$(119) THEN GOSUB 200: REM "w" key LX200 DEMO, which is a program that you can enter into your 80 IF key1$ = CHR$(101) THEN GOSUB 200: REM "e" key computer to access the object library, slew to the object, and 90 IF key1$ = CHR$(110) THEN GOSUB 200: REM "n" key center the image 100 IF key1$ = CHR$(115) THEN GOSUB 200: REM "s" key 105 IF key1$ = "x" THEN END: REM To exit test. RS-232 Cable 110 GO TO 50 120 END The input hardware uses a standard six-line telephone jack 200 REM directions connector, pre-attached to a six-conductor flat line telephone- 210 REM west style cable (of any length, up to 100-feet and perhaps even more, 220 IF key1$ = "w" THEN a$ = "#:Mw#": PRINT #1, a$: REM GO depending on the gauge of the cable). You also need either a west nine-pin or 25-pin RS-232 connector, whichever your computer 230 REM east uses for the serial port. All the above items are available at most 240 IF key1$ = "e" THEN a$ = "#:Me#": PRINT #1, a$: REM GO electronics hardware stores. east Fig. 18 shows the LX200 pinouts for the six-line telephone 250 REM north connector. The table below shows standard IBM-compatible DB- 260 IF key1$ = "n" THEN a$ = "#:Mn#": PRINT #1, a$: REM GO 9 and DB-25 serial port pinouts, and how to connect them to the north LX200 six-line modular connector. 270 REM south: 280 IF key1$ = "s" THEN a$ = "#:Ms#": PRINT #1, a$: REM GO NOTE:Only 3 wires are required. south 290 key1$ = INKEY$: 300 IF key1$ = CHR$(32) THEN GO TO 400 ELSE GO TO 200 LX200 TEST Program 400 REM This stops motion (by hitting SPACE bar). Once you have the RS-232 cable constructed, test it with the 410 B$ = "#:Qe#": PRINT #1, B$ following program (LX200 TEST). This program is written in GW 420 B$ = "#:Qw#": PRINT #1, B$ Basic programming language; it will work with virtually any IBM- 430 B$ = "#:Qn#": PRINT#1, B$ compatible computer. LX200 TEST is an effective program for 440 B$ = "#:Qs#": PRINT #1, B$ fully checking RS-232 line communications from your PC to the 450 RETURN LX200. It lets you concentrate on debugging your RS-232 cable. 460 END

LX200 RS-232 CONNECTOR PIN OUT CODE LEGEND 6 WIRE MODULAR DESCRIPTION TO DB-9 CONNECTOR TO DB-25 CONNECTOR PIN# CONNECTOR PIN# #1 +12 VOLTS DC NOT USED NOT USED #2 MISC. SERIALOUT NOT USED NOT USED #3 PC TRANSMIT DATA #3 #2 #4 GROUND #5 #7 #5 PC RECEIVE DATA #2 #3 #6 MISC. SERIALIN NOT USED NOT USED To enter the test program, first load BASIC or GWBASIC sMM.M (whichever your computer system uses), then type in the LX200 Example 02.4 T E S T program. When complete, save the program as Range 05.5 - 20.0 LX200TST.BAS. To use this program, connect the completed Signed magnitude value. cable to your PC serial port and to the LX200 RS-232 port. Load NNN BASIC (or GWBASIC), if it is not already loaded, and run Example 134 LX200TST.BAS. Nothing will appear on the computer screen. Range 000 - 200 Press any one of the N, S, E, or W (lower case) keys on your PC Three-digit object size (minutes). keyboard, this will move the LX200 North, South, East, or West, respectively. To stop, press the space bar on the PC keyboard. Press X to exit the program. DD* Example 56* If the LX200 does not respond to the N, S, E, or W keys, be sure Range 00* - 90* the CAPSLOCK is OFF. If it still does not work, check the PC Higher parameter (degrees). serial port pinouts of your computer to be sure they are wired correctly to the LX200 6-line connector. TT.T With a successful check-out of the PC link with the LX200 using Example 59.2 LX200 TEST, you are now ready to write your own software Range 56.4 - 60.1 program using the LX200 command set, or to use the sample Tracking frequency. program called DEMO that is written in Quick Basic software info language. Example CNGC1976 SU DNEBMAG 3.9 SZ 66.0' Range n/a LX200 Command Set Object information. Ok Intended for professional programmers, the LX200 command Example 1 set is used to write custom software for remote operation of the Range 0 or 1 telescope with a PC. Each command is listed in a section Status value returned after setting values. If the value appropriate to its type. Each entry in the command list includes is legal, 1 is returned, otherwise 0 is returned. the command name, any parameters, any return values, and a description. The parameters and the return data are shown in a 2. General Telescope Information manner that indicates their format. These formats are listed below, along with examples of how the data might actually Command :GR# appear, the legal range of values, and a short description. Returns +HH:MM.T# Gets the current R.A. 1. Command Set Formats Command :GD# HH:MM.T Returns sDD*MM# Example 05:47.4 Gets the current Dec. Range 00:00.0 - 23:59.9 Command :GA# Hours, minutes, and tenths of minutes. Returns sDD*MM# sDD*MM Gets the current altitude. Example +45*59 Command :GZ# Range -90*00 - +90*00 Returns DDD*MM# Signed degrees and minutes (the '*' represents Gets the current azimuth. ASCII 223, which appears on the handbox as a degree symbol). Command :GS# Returns HH:MM:SS# DDD*MM Gets the current sidereal time. Example 254*09 Range 000*00 - 359*59 Command :SS HH:MM:SS# Unsigned degrees and minutes. Returns Ok Sets the sidereal time. HH:MM:SS Example 13:15:36 Command :GL# Range 00:00:00 - 23:59:59 :Ga# Hours, minutes, and seconds. Returns HH:MM:SS# Gets the local time either in 24-hour (GL) or 12-hour (Ga) MM/DD/YY format. Example 02/06/92 Range 01/01/00 - 12/31/99 (see description) Command :SL HH:MM:SS# Month, day, and year. The two digit year Returns Ok indicates the following: Sets the local time. NOTE: The parameter should always 92-99 = 1992-1999 be in 24-hour format. 00-91 = 2000-2091 Command :GC# sHH Returns MM/DD/YY# Example -5 Gets the calendar date. Range -24 - +24 Command :SC MM/DD/YY# Signed hour offset. Returns Ok (see description) Sets the calendar date. NOTE: After the Ok, if the date is NNNN valid, two strings will be sent. The first will contain the Example 3456 message UPDATING PLANETARY DATA, the second (sent Range 0000 - 9999 after the planetary calculations) will contain only blanks. Four-digit object number. Both strings will be terminated by the “#”symbol. Command :Gt# 4. Home Position Returns sDD*MM# Gets the latitude of the currently selected site. Command :hS# Returns Nothing Command :St sDD*MM# Starts a home position search and saves the telescope Returns Ok position. NOTE:All commands except “:Q#”and “:h?#”are Sets the latitude of the currently selected site. disabled during the search.

Command :Gg# Command :hF# Returns DDD*MM# Returns Nothing Gets the longitude of the currently selected site. Starts a home position search and sets the telescope Command :Sg DDD*MM# position according to the saved va l u e s. N OT E : A l l Returns Ok commands except “:Q#”and “:h?#”are disabled during the Sets the longitude of the currently selected site. search.

Command :GG# Command :hP# Returns sHH# Returns Nothing Gets the offset from Greenwich Mean Time. Slews the telescope to the home position.

Command :SG sHH# Command :h?# Returns Ok Returns 0, 1, or 2 Sets the offset from Greenwich Mean Time. Returns the home status:0 if home search failed or not yet attempted, 1 if home position found, or 2 if a home search Command :W1# is in progress. :W2# :W3# 5. Library/Objects :W4# Returns Nothing Command :Gr# Sets the current site number. Returns HH:MM.T# Gets object R.A. 3. Telescope Motion Command :Sr HH:MM.T# Command :Mn# Returns Ok :Ms# Sets object R.A. :Me# :Mw# Command :Gd# Returns Nothing Returns sDD*MM# Starts motion in the specified direction at the current rate. Gets object Dec.

Command :MS# Command :Sd sDD*MM# Returns 0, 1, 2, or 4 (see description) Returns Ok Slews the telescope to current object coordinates. 0 is Sets object Dec. returned if the telescope can complete the slew, 1 is returned if the object is below the horizon, 2 is returned if Command :Sa sDD*MM# the object is below the “higher”limit, and 4 is returned if the Returns Ok object is above the lower limit. If 1, 2, or 4 is returned, a Sets object altitude (for MA command). string containing an appropriate message is also returned. Command :Sz DDD*MM# Command :MA# Returns Ok Returns 0 Sets object azimuth (for MA command). Slews the telescope to object alt-az coordinates (set with the Sa and Sz commands). This command works only in Command :CM# the LAND and ALTAZ modes. Returns (see description) Sync.Matches current telescope coordinates to the object Command :Qn# coordinates and sends a string indicating which object’s :Qs# coordinates were used. :Qe# :Qw# Command :Gy# Returns Nothing Returns GPDCO# Stops motion in the specified direction. Also stops the Gets the “type” string for the FIND operation. An upper telescope if a slew to an object is in progress. case letter means that the corresponding type is selected while a lower case letter indicates that it is not. Command :Q# Returns Nothing Command :Sy GPDCO# Stops a slew to an object. Returns Ok Sets the “type” string for the FIND operation. Command :RG# :RC# Command :Gq# :RM# Returns SU#, EX#, VG#, GD#, FR#, PR#, or VP# :RS# Gets the current minimum quality for the FIND operation. Returns Nothing Sets the motion rate to guide (RG), center (RC), find (RM), Command :Sq# or slew (RS). Returns Nothing Steps to the next minimum quality for the FIND operation. Command :Sw N# Returns Ok Command :Gh# Sets the maximum slew rate to N¡ per second, where N is Returns DD*# 2 through 4. Gets the current “higher”limit.\ Command :Sh DD# Command :Ls N# Returns Ok Returns Ok Sets the current “higher” limit. Sets the STAR object library type. 0 is the STAR library, 1 is the SAO library, and 2 is the GCVS library. This Command :Go# operation is successful only if the user has a version of the Returns DD*# software that includes the desired library. Gets the current “lower” limit. Command :So DD*# 6. Miscellaneous Returns Ok Sets the current “lower” limit. Command :B+# :B-# Command :Gb# :B0# :Gf# :B1# Returns sMM.M# :B2# Gets the brighter (Gb) or fainter (Gf) magnitude limit for :B3# the FIND operation. Returns Nothing Command :Sb sMM.M# Increases (B+) or decreases (B-) reticle brightness, or sets :Sf sMM.M# to one of the flashing modes (B0, B1, B2, or B3). Returns Ok Command :F+# Sets the brighter (Sb) or fainter (Sf) magnitude limit for the :F-# FIND operation. :FQ# Command :Gl# :FF# :Gs# :FS# Returns NNN'# Returns Nothing Gets the larger (Gl) or smaller (Gs) size limit for the FIND Starts focus out (F+), starts focus in (F-), stops focus operation. change (FQ), sets focus fast (FF), or sets focus slow (FS). Command :Sl NNN# Command :GM# :Ss NNN# :GN# Returns Ok :GO# Sets the larger (Sl) or smaller (Ss) size limit for the FIND :GP# operation. Returns XYZ# Gets SITE name (XYZ). M through N correspond to 1 Command :GF# through 4. Returns NNN'# Gets the field radius of the FIELD operation. Command :SM XYZ# :SN XYZ# Command :SF NNN# :SO XYZ# Returns Ok :SP XYZ# Sets the field radius of the FIELD operation. Returns Ok Command :LF# Sets SITE name. Returns Nothing Command :GT# Starts a FIND operation. Returns TT.T# Command :LN# Gets the current track “frequency.” Returns Nothing Command :STTT.T# Finds the next object in a FIND sequence. Returns Ok Command :LB# Sets the current track “frequency.” Returns Nothing Command :TM# Finds the previous object in a FIND sequence. :TQ# Command :Lf# :T+# Returns (see description) :T-# Performs a FIELD operation, returning a string containing Returns Nothing the number of objects in the field and the object that is Switch to manual (TM) or quartz (TM). Increment (T+) or closest to the center of the field. decrement (T-) manual frequency by one tenth. Command :LC NNNN# Command :D# :LM NNNN# Returns (see description) :LS NNNN# Gets the distance “bars'”string. Returns Nothing Sets the object to the NGC (LC), Messier (LM), or Star Command :AL# (LS) specified by the number. Planets are “stars”901-909. :AP# The object type returned for LC and LS commands :AA# depends on which object type has been selected with the Returns Nothing Lo and Ls commands (see below). Sets the telescopes alignment type to LAND, POLAR, or ALTAZ. Command :LI# Returns info# Command :r+# Gets the current object information. :r-# Returns Nothing Command :Lo N# Turns the field de-rotator on (:r+#) and off (:r-#). Returns Ok Sets the NGC object library type. 0 is the NGC library, 1 is Command :f+# the IC library, and 2 is the UGC library. This operation is :f-# successful only if you have a version of the software that Returns Nothing includes the desired library. Turns the fan on (:f+#) and off (:f-#). - 55 - LX200 Demo Program objects, on the display of a personal computer .

The RS-232 interface communicates with your computer at 9600 baud rate, parity = None, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit. For those who are familiar with programming, the LX200 command set is written in ASCII-character format; you can use it to write your own programs.

The LX200 Demo Program on the following pages is written in Quick Basic. It is intended to demonstrate how commands are sent to the telescope and how information is received from the telescope. It is not a polished program; it does not incorporate all the RS-232 features available.

The LX200 Demo Program is set up to operate on serial port 2 (COM2:). To operate on serial port 1 (COM1:), change line 4 from COM2: to COM1:.

Meade Instruments does not support these programs, or programs that you may write, in any way. For questions relating to after-market software programs, refer to the Fig.19: Epoch 2000sk software. respective manufacturers. Meade recommends and supports our Epoch 2000sk software package (Fig. 19). This software Epoch 2000 allows the presentation of the most complex is fully compatible with the 16” LX200 telescope. starfields, as they appear through the telescope. This software is available for Windows 3.1 or higher, including Windows 95. The LX200 Demo Program presents an incredibly detailed simulation of the entire sky, including up to 281,000 celestial The program follows.

CLS REM KEYS IF key$ = CHR$(119) THEN GOSUB senddir: REM a$ = DEFINTA-X "#:Mw#" counter = 0 IF key$ = CHR$(101) THEN GOSUB senddir: REM a$ = O P E N "#:Me#" " C O M 2 : 9 6 0 0 , N , 8 , 1 , C D 0 , C S 0 , D S 0 , O P 0 , R S , T B 2 0 4 8 , R B 2 IF key$ = CHR$(110) THEN GOSUB senddir: REM a$ = 048" FOR RANDOM AS #1 "#:Mn#" IF key$ = CHR$(115) THEN GOSUB senddir: REM a$ = KEY ON "#:Ms#" KEY(1) ON IF key$ = "m" THEN GOSUB objects KEY 1, "GO TO": IF key$ = "t" THEN GOSUB objects ON KEY(1) GOSUB key1 IF key$ = "c" THEN GOSUB objects KEY(2) ON IF key$ = "p" THEN GOSUB objects KEY 2, "SYNC" IF key$ = "x" THEN CLS : END ON KEY(2) GOSUB KEY2 IF key$ = "r" THEN RUN KEY(3) ON KEY 3, "SLEW" GO TO 20 ON KEY(3) GOSUB key3 KEY(4) ON END KEY 4, "FIND" ON KEY(4) GOSUB KEY4 senddir: KEY(5) ON west: KEY 5, "CNTR" IF key$ = "w" THEN a$ = "#:Mw#": PRINT #1, a$: REM ON KEY(5) GOSUB KEY5 GO TO west KEY(6) ON east: KEY 6, "GUIDE" IF key$ = "e" THEN a$ = "#:Me#": PRINT #1, a$: REM ON KEY(6) GOSUB KEY6 GO TO east KEY(11) ON north: ON KEY(11) GOSUB key11 IF key$ = "n" THEN a$ = "#:Mn#": PRINT #1, a$: REM KEY(12) ON GO TO north ON KEY(12) GOSUB key12 south: KEY(13) ON IF key$ = "s" THEN a$ = "#:Ms#": PRINT #1, a$: REM ON KEY(13) GOSUB key13 GO TO south KEY(14) ON GOSUB telpos ON KEY(14) GOSUB key14 key$ = INKEY$: IF key$ = CHR$(32) THEN GO TO end1 ELSE GO TO GOSUB status senddir GOSUB key3 end1: GOSUB help B$ = "#:Qe#": PRINT #1, B$ 20 GOSUB telpos B$ = "#:Qw#": PRINT #1, B$ GOSUB OBDRAW B$ = "#:Qn#": PRINT #1, B$ GOSUB TIME B$ = "#:Qs#": PRINT #1, B$ 50 key$ = INKEY$: IF key$ = "" THEN GO TO 20 RETURN - 56 - telpos: LOCATE 6, 7: PRINT "TELESCOPE POSITION"; c$ = "#:GR#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(8, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 4, 4): LOCATE 7, 10: PRINTUSING "RA: \\:\ \"; RAL$; RAM$; c$ = "#:GD#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(7, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 5, 2): LOCATE 8, 10: PRINT "DEC: "; RAL$; CHR$(248); RAM$; "'"; c$ = "#:GA#": PRINT#1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(7, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 5, 2): LOCATE 9, 10: PRINT "ALT: "; RAL$; CHR$(248); RAM$; "'"; c$ = "#:GZ#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(7, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 5, 2): LOCATE 10, 10: PRINT"AZ : "; RAL$; CHR$(248); RAM$; "'"; RETURN TIME: LOCATE 1, 32: PRINT"DATE"; : LOCATE 1, 64: PRINT "TIME"; c$ = "#:GS#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(9, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 2): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 4, 2): RAR$ = MID$(d$, 7, 2): LOCATE 2, 55: PRINT USING "Sidereal Time: \\:\\:\\"; RAL$; RAM$; RAR$; c$ = "#:GL#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(9, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 2): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 4, 2): RAR$ = MID$(d$, 7, 2): LOCATE 3, 55: PRINT USING "Local (24hr) : \\:\\:\\"; RAL$; RAM$; RAR$; c$ = "#:GG#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(4, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): LOCATE 3, 25: PRINT USING "GMT Offset: \ \ Hours"; RAL$; c$ = "#:GC#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(9, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 2): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 4, 2): RAR$ = MID$(d$, 7, 2): LOCATE 2, 25: PRINT USING "Date : \\/\\/\\"; RAL$; RAM$; RAR$; RETURN objects: counter = 1 LOCATE 21, 25 IF key$ = "m" THEN INPUT"Enter Messier number: "; m$: o$ = "#:LM" + m$ IF key$ = "t" THEN INPUT "Enter Star number: "; m$: o$ = "#:LS" + m$ IF key$ = "c" THEN INPUT "Enter CNGC number: "; m$: o$ = "#:LC" + m$ IF key$ = "p" THEN INPUT "Enter Planet number: "; m$: o$ = "#:LS" + m$ o$ = o$ + "#" PRINT #1, o$ LOCATE 21, 15: PRINT " "; PRINT #1, "#:LI#": info$ = INPUT$(33, 1): REM LOCATE 10, 20: PRINT info$; OBDRAW: LOCATE 6, 31: PRINT " O B J E C T I N F O R M AT I O N"; LOCATE 7, 31: PRINT"Object: "; LEFT$(info$, 9); LOCATE 8, 31: PRINT "Rating: "; MID$(info$, 10, 7); LOCATE 9, 31: PRINT "Magnitude: "; MID$(info$, 20, 5); LOCATE 10, 31: PRINT"Size: "; MID$(info$, 27, 6); IF counter = 0 THEN LOCATE 11, 31: PRINT "RA:"; : LOCATE 12, 31: PRINT "DEC:"; : LOCATE 7, 60: PRINT "Distance to SLEW"; : LOCATE 9, 55: PRINT"RA"; : LOCATE 10, 55: PRINT"Dec"; : GO TO scale c$ = "#:Gr#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(8, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 2): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 4, 4): LOCATE 11, 31: PRINT USING "RA: \\:\ \"; RAL$; RAM$; c$ = "#:Gd#": PRINT #1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(7, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 5, 2): LOCATE 12, 31: PRINT "DEC: "; RAL$; CHR$(248); RAM$; "'"; distbar: rad$ = "": decd$ = "" c$ = "#:D#": PRINT #1, c$: d$ = INPUT$(33, 1)

FOR i = 1 TO 16 IF ASC(MID$(d$, i, 1)) = 255 THEN rad$ = rad$ + CHR$(254) NEXT i FOR i = 17 TO 33 IF ASC(MID$(d$, i, 1)) = 255 THEN decd$ = decd$ + CHR$(254) NEXT i LOCATE 7, 59: PRINT " Distance to SLEW "; scale: LOCATE 8, 59: PRINT "0"; CHR$(248); " 45"; CHR$(248); " 90"; CHR$(248); " 150+"; CHR$(248); IF counter = 0 THEN RETURN LOCATE 9, 55: PRINT " "; : LOCATE 9, 55: PRINT "RA "; rad$; LOCATE 10, 55: PRINT " "; : LOCATE 10, 55: PRINT "DEC "; decd$; RETURN - 57 - status: LOCATE 1, 7: PRINT "SITE" c$ = "#:Gt#": PRINT#1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(7, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 5, 2): LOCATE 2, 3: PRINT "Lat. : "; RAL$; CHR$ (248); RAM$; "'"; c$ = "#:Gg#": PRINT#1, c$; : d$ = INPUT$(7, 1): RAL$ = LEFT$(d$, 3): RAM$ = MID$(d$, 5, 2): LOCATE 3, 3: PRINT "Long.: "; RAL$; CHR$ (248); RAM$; "'"; BOXSTX = 2: BOXSTY = 3: BOXWIDE = 10: boxtall = 5: GOSUB drawbox RETURN key1: PRINT #1, "#:MS#" error1$ = INPUT$(1, 1) IF error1$ = "1" OR error1$ = "2" THEN error2$ = INPUT$(33, 1) ELSE RETURN LOCATE 22, 20: PRINTerror2$

GOSUB clearscr RETURN KEY2: PRINT #1, "#:CM#" sync$ = INPUT$(33, 1) LOCATE 22, 20: PRINT sync$; clearscr: FOR i = 1 TO 30000: NEXT i: FOR i = 1 TO 30000: NEXT i: FOR i = 1 TO 30000: NEXT i: FOR i = 1 TO 30000: NEXT i: FOR i = 1 TO 30000: NEXT i: FOR i = 1 TO 30000: NEXT i: LOCATE 22, 20: PRINT " "; RETURN key3: PRINT #1, "#:RS#" LOCATE 24, 1: PRINT " "; LOCATE 24, 18: PRINT CHR$(219); CHR$(178); CHR$(176); CHR$(176); CHR$(178); CHR$(219); RETURN KEY4: PRINT #1, "#:RM#:" LOCATE 24, 1: PRINT " "; LOCATE 24, 26: PRINT CHR$(219); CHR$(178); CHR$(176); CHR$(176); CHR$(178); CHR$(219); RETURN KEY5: PRINT #1, "#:RC#" LOCATE 24, 1: PRINT " "; LOCATE 24, 34: PRINTCHR$(219); CHR$(178); CHR$(176); CHR$(176); CHR$(178); CHR$(219); RETURN KEY6: PRINT #1, "#:RG#" LOCATE 24, 1: PRINT " "; LOCATE 24, 42: PRINT CHR$(219); CHR$(178); CHR$(176); CHR$(176); CHR$(178); CHR$(219); RETURN key11: key$ = "n" GOSUB north RETURN key12: key$ = "w" GOSUB west RETURN key13: key$ = "e" GOSUB east RETURN key14: key$ = "s" GOSUB south RETURN - 58 - drawbox: REM LOCATE BOXSTX, BOXSTY: REM BOX$ = CHR$(201) REM FOR I = 1 TO BOXWIDE: BOX$ = BOX$ + CHR$(205): NEXT REM PRINT BOX$; RETURN help: LOCATE 14, 10: PRINT "E W N S keys move telescope. SPACE BAR stops."; LOCATE 15, 10: PRINT "M key to enter Messier object."; LOCATE 16, 10: PRINT"T key to enter sTar."; LOCATE 17, 10: PRINT "P key to enter Planet (900 + orbit #)."; LOCATE 18, 10: PRINT "C key to enter Cngc object."; LOCATE 19, 10: PRINT "X to End program."; RETURN

END - 59 - APPENDIX F: LX200 SPECIFICATIONS

Telescope 16”LX200 f/10 Optical Design Schmidt-Cassegrain Catadioptric Clear Aperture 406mm (16") Primary Mirror Diameter 415.9mm (16.375") Focal Length 4064mm (160") Focal Ratio f/10 Resolution 28 arc sec Super Multi-Coatings Standard Limiting Visual Magnitude (approx) 15.5 Limiting Photographic Magnitude (approx) 18.0 Image Scale (°/inch) 0.36°/inch Maximum Practical Visual Power 800X Near Focus 100' Optical Tube Size 17.5" Dia. x 33" Long Secondary Mirror Obstruction 5.0" (9.8%) Telescope Mounting Heavy-Duty Fork-Type One-piece Setting Circle Diameters Dec.: 12"; R.A.: 17" RAMotor Drive System 4-Speed, microprocessor controlled 18v. DC servo motor; 11.0" worm gear with Smart Drive Hemispheres of Operation North and South - switchable Declination (Dec.) Control System 4 speed, DC servo controlled 11.0" worm gear with Dec drift software & Smart Drive Motor Drive Gear Diameter 11.0" Worm Gear Manual Slow-Motion Controls Dec. and R.A. Hand Controller Motorola 68HC05 microcontroller; 2 line x 16 alphanumeric character display; 19 button keypad, red LED backlit Main Controller 16 MHz 68301 microprocessor; 1 Meg program memory ; 64K RAM; 4096 byte non- volatile memory (EEROM) Telescope Size, Swung Down 18" x 26" x 51" Maximum Slew Speed 4° per Second 35mm Angular Film Coverage 0.49° x 0.34° 35mm Linear Film Coverage @: 50' 3.1" x 4.4" 500' 3.0" x 4.3" 3000' 18.0' x 25.5' Tele-Extender Used Without Eyepiece @:, 50' 2.9" x 4.3" 500' 2.5' x 3.6' 3000' 15.5' x 22.5' Carrying Case Dimensions N/A Net Telescope Weights (approx) Telescope 215# Optional Equatorial Wedge N/A Optional Super Wedge N/A Field Tripod 90# Accessories 8# Shipping Weights (approx) Telescope 250# Equatorial Wedge (optional) N/A Super Wedge (optional) N/A NOTE: All Meade telescopes are under continuous technical Field Tripod 95# review; specifications may change without notice.We reser ve Accessories 10# the right to ship our latest models. MEADE LIMITED WARRANTY Every Meade telescope, spotting scope, and telescope accessory is warranted by Meade Instruments Corporation (“Meade”) to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of ONE YEAR from the date of original purchase in the U.S.A. and Canada. Meade will repair or replace a product, or part thereof, found by Meade to be defective, provided the defective part is returned to Meade, freight-prepaid, with proof of purchase. This warranty applies to the original purchaser only and is non-transferable. Meade products purchased outside North America are not included in this warranty, but are covered under separate warranties issued by Meade international distributors. RGA Number Required: Prior to the return of any product or part, a Return Goods Authorization (RGA) number must be obtained from Meade by writing, or by calling (949) 451-1450. Each returned part or product must include a written statement detailing the nature of the claimed defect, as well as the owner’s name, address, and phone number. This warranty is not valid in cases where the product has been abused or mishandled, where unauthorized repairs have been attempted or performed, or where depreciation of the product is due to normal wear-and-tear. Meade specifically disclaims special, indirect, or consequential damages or lost profit which may result from a breach of this warranty. Any implied warranties which can not be disclaimed are hereby limited to a term of one year from the date of original retail purchase. This warranty gives you specific rights. You may have other rights, which vary from state to state. Meade reserves the right to change product specifications or to discontinue products without notice. This warranty supersedes all previous Meade product warranties.

Meade Instruments Corporation 6001 OAK CANYON, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA 92618-5200 U.S.A. (949) 451-1450 FAX: (949) 451-1460 www.meade.com

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