...... 1 May ...... 1 January ...... Closed ...... schedule) ...... onthepresidential(tour availabilityisdependent ...... requiredBooking bycalling (+351)213614980 ...... Tours . tothePalace: ...... 10:00 a.m. . . –1:00p.m.. . . and2:00p.m. . . . –6:00p.m...... Tuesday. . toSunday, ...... Shop andtemporary exhibitions: ...... www.museu.presidencia.pt [email protected] (+351) 214086963 /213614980(reservations) Av. D. Carlos I–2750-642Cascais Palácio daCidadeladeCascais Museu daPresidência daRepública museudapresidenciadarepublica | 25December | Easter Sunday CITADEL CASCAIS

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Edition: MPR; Texts: iMPR; Translation: KennisTranslations; Design: Luis Chimeno Garrido; Fhotographs: Luísa Ferreira, MPR and Pedro Matias; Illustrations: Isa Silva; Images courtesy: DGPC/SIPA [PT DGPC:SIPA FOTO.00508431], Museu Bernardino Machado, National Palace of and Museu-Biblioteca da Casa de Bragança; Print:Soartes-artes gráficas, lda.; June 2018 MONARCHY installed inthe battery. six lamps, delivered specially from , birthday. Thatday, hisfather KingLuís had ofPrince1878 ontheoccasion Carlos's 15th occurred atthe Cascais CitadelPalace in experience ofelectricity 's first CITADEL PALACE CASCAIS the first time. the first a newrole, tothepublicfor itsdoors opening renovations in2011, theCascais CitadelPalace gained by theheadofstate. Following thecompletion of basis usedonanoccasional authority andhasbeen of theregime, itcame underthePresidency's trend ofvisitingthebeaches. In1910, withthechange and theCitadelfound anewlife thankstothenew Cascais]. Later, duringthereign ofKingCarlos, Cascais known astheRoyal Palace ofCascais [Real Paço de during thereign ofKingLuís, thePalace becomes Once theresidence ofthefort'scommander, in1870, FIRST REPUBLIC Canto eCastro (1919). for Manuel deArriaga(1913) andJoão do torecommenddoctors astayatthe palace medicinalproperties,purported leading 'Cascais hadbecome air' famous for its during momentsofturmoil. Atthetime, the holidaystherespending orseekingrefuge made useoftheCascais Citadel Palace, During theFirstRepublic, variouspresidents Palace ofPena inSintra. , includingtheNational renowned for theirworkinother António), plasterers whowere the Meira brothers (Domingosand stuccoThe painted isattributedto Palace inGranada, . fromof apattern theAlhambra T for KingLuís andQueenMariaPia. This room wasbuiltinthe1870s he ceiling's designisareproduction Arabian Room Patio (onthe ofHonour:thebattery left), thecommander's house(inthe of thefortress were unitedtocreate the Royal CitadelPalace [Real Paço Possidónio daSilva, three elements da Cidadela]asitwasthenknown. During thereign ofKingLuís and under thedirection ofarchitect Today, thesecan seenon the be centre) andtheSantaCatarina Patio of Honour of Patio pavilion (ontheright). pavilion

MILITARY DICTATORSHIP ANDNEWSTATE Citadel. including Salazar, avisittothe wouldpay birthday, ofthe government, eachmember In aritualrepeated everyyearonCarmona's period, agrandson inthepalace. wasborn and family livedfrom 1928to1945. Duringthis Citadel Palace residence, ashisofficial where he President Óscar Carmona chosetheCascais DEMOCRACY Juan Manuel Santos. and Colombian president president ofMozambique, ArmandoGebuza, IIofMonaco,including Prince Albert the diverse array of visitingheadsofstate, the Cascais Citadel Palace has hosteda Since thecompletion of renovations in2011, Frederico AugustoRibeiro. sideboards andwalls, designed and isnotablefor itswooden during thereign ofKingCarlos – dates from thelate19thcentury – This room's decorative scheme Dining Room ceiling, ceiling, by Cascais Citadel Palace Origins Monarchy (1870 -1910) First Republic (1910 -1926) In order to trace the origins of Originally, the Cascais Citadel Palace With the change of regime the palace, one must know a bit served as the residence of the fort's in 1910, the Cascais Citadel about the history of the Cascais commander. Then in 1870, King Luís Palace came under the Citadel, the fortress in which it and Queen Maria Pia, accompanied authority of the Presidency resides. This history begins in 1488 by their sons Carlos and Afonso, of the Republic. From 1912 under the reign of King João II spent the summer in Cascais, where King Luís's chambers onwards, it and the Belém in the Cascais Citadel Palace. with the construction of a they stayed at the palace. From A. Bobone, 1889 Palace began to be used on defensive military structure: then on, they repeated this sojourn National Palace of Ajuda an occasional basis by the Tower of Santo António. A century later, under Spanish rule, the each year, using the palace presidents of the republic. on the veranda fortress of Nossa Senhora da Luz [Our Lady of Light], shaped in an as a backdrop for the birthday celebrations of Carlos (28 September), Manuel de Arriaga, of Cascais Citadel Palace unusual triangular design, is erected to bolster the defence of Cascais Maria Pia (16 October) and Luís (31 October). News reports of the Portugal's first elected with his son Bay. time detail numerous renovations that transformed the former president, became the first and personal secretary Roque de Arriaga. In 1641, one year after the restoration of Portugal's independence, commander's residence into a royal palace under the direction of republican head of state Joshua Benoliel,1911 construction begins on the great Citadel as part of an initiative under architect Joaquim Possidónio da Silva. The Royal Palace of Cascais to use the palace in the DGPC/SIPA King João IV to fortify the coastline from Peniche to Xabregas, in . [Real Paço de Cascais] – as it was then known – was also associated Winter of 1913. It is during this period that the Citadel with King Luís for being the place where he spent his final days and As it did with Belém Palace, the Ministry of Finance charged a The Cascais Citadel Palace is administered by the Presidency of the assumes the visage we see today: its died on 19 October 1889. His heir, King Carlos, inherited his passion monthly rent for the building, which was initially 30 escudos. This Republic. From 2007 to 2011, it underwent a series of renovations gate, walls and batteries (where cannons for the sea and keen interest in the palace. In 1902, a floor was added mandatory fee remained in place throughout the First Republic. that adapted it to the needs and initiatives of the Presidency, which were fired), its buildings and the chapel to the building to house the royal quarters, as well as a marine During that period, the Cascais Citadel include hosting heads of state and their delegations on their visits to of Nossa Senhora da biology laboratory (Portugal's first) to support the oceanographic Palace was used by Presidents Portugal. Vitória [Our Lady explorations King Carlos promoted. During King Carlos's reign, various Bernardino Machado (1915-1917 / Since 2011, it has, for the first time in its long history, remained open of Victory]. heads of state stayed at the palace, including King Edward VII of / 1925-1926), Canto e Castro (1919), to the public, offering a diverse cultural programme that includes England. It was also at the Citadel that King Carlos gave his final António José de Almeida (1919-1923) guided tours of the palace interview to the French newspaper and (1925). Saint Sebastian and chapel, temporary Wood Le Temps two months before exhibitions and other Portugal the regicide. initiatives. 18th century Cascais Citadel Palace Bernardino Machado at the Watercolour by Cascais Citadel Palace. King Carlos, depicting the 1917 King D. Carlos suite Main altar of the Chapel Cascais Citadel Palace. Museu Bernardino Machado of Nossa Senhora da Vitória 1885 [Our Lady of Victory] Museu-Biblioteca da Casa de Bragança

Military Democracy (1974) Dictatorship and By 1974, Cascais Citadel Palace the New Satate was in various states of disrepair, (1926 -1974) having been devoid of residents Os Dois Irmãos since 1958 – the final year of [Two Brothers] Bed Joaquim Baptista da Costa With the collapse of the First Lignum vitae, President Craveiro Lopes' mandate. Oil on canvas Republic, the Citadel became violetwood, This continued under the 1922 Museu da Presidência associated with the military oak and bronze fledgling democracy's first two France da República coup of 28 May 1926, for it was 19th century presidents António de Spínola there that the ousted Paul Sormani (signed) and , National Palace of Belém president, Manuel Gomes da who lacked the time to make towards its revitalisation. Renovations took place from 2007 to 2011 Óscar Carmona in the hall of the Costa, was detained prior to use of its space. António Ramalho Eanes, under the presidency of Aníbal Cavaco Silva, a process that was Cascais Citadel Palace. being sent into exile to the Portugal's first president elected overseen by the Presidency of the Republic and financially supported Cecil Beaton, c. 1949 Azores on 11 July 1926. During this period, various improvements to the building were made, by direct universal suffrage, chose by Portugal's national tourism authority Turismo de Portugal. In 2011, Museu da Presidência da República With the arrival of the New including a restoration of its chapel and worship services, and the to take up residence in Belém Palace Chandelier the Cascais Citadel Palace opened its doors to the public for the first Glass State [] regime, closing of the veranda overlooking the sea, a work coordinated by the in 1976. However, during his (Murano) time in its history. the monthly rent for Belém Palace and the Cascais Citadel Palace Ministry of Public Works, headed by Duarte Pacheco. two mandates (1976-1986), 19th century was abolished. From then on, there was a de facto Carmona regularly received visits from the president of the Council, the Cascais Citadel Palace Presidency of the Republic of the President of the Republic. Oliveira Salazar, who would travel to the Citadel to attend to state underwent a number of Óscar Carmona opted to reside in the matters. Belém Palace continued to be used, albeit only for official improvements; by the early 1980s, it was being used to host a Cascais Citadel Palace with his family ceremonies. number of initiatives. from 1928 to 1945. Shortly after assuming office on 9 August 1951, Francisco Craveiro In the Summer of 1988, under the presidency of Mário Soares Lopes and his family moved into the Citadel for nearly a year while (1986-1996), works of art from Museu do were moved to the Jar with lid renovations took place at Belém Palace, where they eventually Cascais Citadel Palace following a fire in the Chiado district. Wucai or «five colours» porcelain, moved in 1952. However, Craveiro Lopes continued to use the Cascais The palace's resident at the time was General Carlos Azeredo who with underglaze blue Citadel Palace during the summer months. and overglaze enamel had transferred over from Porto to serve as the head of the Military China Américo Tomás (elected in 1958) chose not to live in either Belém House [Casa Militar] under President Soares. Mid -17th century Palace or the Cascais Citadel Palace, preferring his own residences in Thereafter, the palace went through a long period of disuse, which Cabinet Casa Reynaldo dos Santos / Restelo and Cascais. Belém Palace would be used for conducting state contributed to its deterioration. Lacquered wood / Cascais City Council Japan [?] affairs and formal occasions. From 1958 to 1974, the Citadel was used only During 's second mandate (2001-2006), a study of the 19th century occasionally by the Presidency over the course of successive mandates. palace's history was initiated, marking an important first step National Museum of Ancient Art / bequest by Ana Maria Pereira da Gama