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Migration to and from Jerusalem 2017 Michal Korach, Maya Choshen Jubilee Program

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Migration to and from Jerusalem 2017 Michal Korach, Maya Choshen Jubilee Program מכון ירושלים JERUSALEM למחקרי מדיניות INSTITUTE FOR POLICY RESEARCH Migration to and from Jerusalem 2017 Michal Korach, Maya Choshen Jubilee Program Migration to and from Jerusalem 2017 Michal Korach, Dr. Maya Choshen Jerusalem, 2020 The English edition was made possible through the generous support of our partners: «§ª·£¶§¥£¸§²ª¸£·¶¢ THE JERUSALEM DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY The Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research | Publication no. 521 Jubilee Program Migration to and from Jerusalem 2017 Michal Korach, Dr. Maya Choshen Translation from Hebrew to English: Avi Hoffmann © 2020, The Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research The Hay Elyachar House 20 Radak St., 9218604 Jerusalem jerusaleminstitute.org.il [email protected] Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................4 Abstract ...............................................................................................................................5 Migration to and from Jerusalem ...................................................................................7 Immigration to Jerusalem ................................................................................................9 Immigration by District..........................................................................................................9 Immigration by Locality of Origin ........................................................................................10 Immigration by Age .............................................................................................................11 Immigration by Locality and Age ........................................................................................11 Immigration by Jerusalem Neighborhood ..........................................................................13 Emigration from Jerusalem ...........................................................................................15 Emigration by Destination Districts ....................................................................................15 Emigration by Destination ..................................................................................................16 Emigration by Age ...............................................................................................................17 Emigration by Destination and Age ....................................................................................18 Emigration by Neighborhood in Jerusalem ........................................................................20 Jerusalem's Migration Balance ...................................................................................23 Migration Balance by District .............................................................................................23 Migration Balance by Locality ............................................................................................24 Migration Balance by Age ..................................................................................................25 Migration Balance by Locality and Age ..............................................................................26 Migration Balance by Jerusalem Neighborhood ................................................................27 Migration of Ultra-Orthodox Population to and from Jerusalem ...........................28 Introduction This research is part of a series of studies conducted by the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Migration to and from Jerusalem Research for the Ministry of Jerusalem and Heritage, as part of the Jerusalem “Jubilee” Program for the Economic Development of Jerusalem. The first migration study in this program was conducted in 2012 and has been updated every year since. The current study relates to 2017. The study examines the extent of the migration, the characteristics of the migrants, the localities of origin of the migrants, their destinations and more. The research is based on the annual data of the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). 4 5 Abstract Immigration to Jerusalem In 2017, 11,100 new residents moved to Jerusalem from other localities in Israel. This number was the highest since 2010, when a similar number immigrated. In 2016, 9,700 new residents relocated to Jerusalem. The largest number of newcomers to the city (40%) originated in areas surrounding Jerusalem (Judea and Samaria and the Jerusalem District), with 34% from areas surrounding Tel Aviv (Tel Aviv District and the Central District). Most migrants to Jerusalem came from the following localities: Bnei Brak (690), Beit Shemesh (670), Tel Aviv (610), Ma'aleh Adumim (400) and Beitar Illit (370). These localities are diverse in character and include secular, religious and ultra-orthodox Israelis. Almost half (47%) of the migrants to the city were young (20-34 years old). Children and young adults comprised the main age groups: 25-29 (19%), 20-24 (17%), 0-4 (13%) and 30-34 (11%). Those migrating to Jerusalem from ultra-orthodox localities, or from localities with a large ultra-orthodox population, were mainly families with children. Among the migrants from Tel Aviv, Haifa and Be’er Sheva, the percentage of young people (aged 20-34) was very high (52%-57%). A significant number of these young people moved to the city for higher education. Emigration from Jerusalem During 2017, 17,100 residents left Jerusalem for other localities in Israel. This figure was somewhat lower than in 2016, when it was 17,700. 4 5 The areas surrounding Jerusalem (Judea and Samaria and the Jerusalem District) attract most of those leaving the city (46%), while 35% moved to the Tel Aviv area (Tel Aviv District and the Central District). The main localities to which Jerusalem residents relocated were: Tel Aviv (1,620), Beit Shemesh (1,450), Betar Illit (1,060), Giv'at Ze'ev (620), Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut (540) and Bnei Brak (510), indicating that those leaving Jerusalem were varied and included secular, religious and ultra-orthodox residents. Migration to and from Jerusalem Young people (aged 20-34) were the largest group to leave the city – 44%. The main age groups emigrating were: 0-4 (18% of the total), 25-29 (18%) and 20-24 (14%). Among those leaving for ultra-orthodox localities or localities where there is a large ultra- orthodox population, the high percentage of young people aged 20-24 and children aged 0-4 indicates that those leaving were young couples with small children. Those leaving for non-ultra-orthodox localities were older. Jerusalem's Migration Balance The number of people leaving Jerusalem was greater than the number of those moving to it, so the city's migration balance was negative. However, the deficit is decreasing. In 2017 the balance was minus 6,000 (significantly lower than 2016’s balance of minus 8,000). This was the lowest recorded since 2008. The high negative migration balance in 2017 was mainly credited to the area surrounding Jerusalem (Jerusalem District and Judea and Samaria) – minus 3,400 (57% of the negative balance). The negative balance with the Tel Aviv District (Tel Aviv and Central District) was minus 2,200 (36%). The localities with which Jerusalem had the highest negative migration balance were Tel Aviv (minus 1,010), Beit Shemesh (minus 780), Beitar Illit (minus 690), Modi'in- Maccabim-Re'ut (minus 390), Kiryat Ye'arim (minus 320), Giv'at Ze'ev (minus 250) and Ramat Gan (minus 230). The principal age groups which exited Jerusalem were: Ages 0-4, -1,630 (27%); 30-34, -950 (16%); 25-29, -920 (15%) and 5-9, -500 (8%). 6 7 Migration to and from Jerusalem In 2017, 17,100 residents left Jerusalem for other parts of the country, while 11,100 moved to Jerusalem from other localities in Israel. Because the number of emigrants was greater than the number of immigrants, the migration balance was minus 6,000. The migration balance in 2017 was considerably lower than that recorded in 2016 (minus 8,000) and the lowest since 2008, when the balance was minus 4,900. The population migrating to and from Jerusalem consisted mainly of Jews, and a small number of Arabs (3%-4%).1 Jerusalem's negative migration balance is often a topic in public discourse and in the media with the implication, that Jerusalem is the only one of the country's three main cities with a negative migration balance. However, the data show that both Tel Aviv and Haifa have negative migration balances. In 2017, Tel Aviv's negative balance was minus 1,500, while Haifa's balance was minus 2,400. The proportional migration rate (the migration balance per 1,000 city residents) in Jerusalem was minus 7 in 2017. This meant that the city lost 7 residents per 1,000 to migration. The proportional rate of migration of the Jewish population (as noted, most of the migrants were Jewish) was minus 11. In Tel Aviv and Haifa, the proportional rate of migration was minus 3 and minus 9, respectively. 1 This refers to Israeli Arabs. East Jerusalem Arabs rarely migrate and, if they do, almost never report it, so they are not included in the data. 6 7 Migration Balance of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa, 2013-2017 Jerusalem – total Jerusalem – Jews Tel Aviv – total Haifa – total 0 nce a s) Migration to and from Jerusalem l d a n B sa n -5 u io o t h a r (t g i M -10 -15 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Proportional Migration Balance of Jeruslem, Tel Aviv and Haifa, 2013-2017 Jerusalem – total Jerusalem – Jews Tel Aviv – total Haifa – total ) 0 s t ce n n a de l a si e B n -5 tio a r g i M (per 1,000 r -10 -15 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 8 9 8
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