Early Unitarianism in Europe
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Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: the Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State
University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Student Research 5-6-2021 Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris University of Richmond Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Harris, Keeley, "Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State" (2021). Honors Theses. 1577. https://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses/1577 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State By Keeley Harris Honors Thesis Submitted to: Jepson School of Leadership Studies University of Richmond Richmond, VA May 6, 2021 Advisor: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio Harris 1 Abstract Religious Tolerance and Anti-Trinitarianism: The Influence of Socinianism on English and American Leaders and the Separation of Church and State Keeley Harris Committee members: Dr. Kristin M. S. Bezio, Dr. George R. Goethals and Dr. Douglas L. Winiarski This research focuses on a sect of Christian thinkers who originated in mid-16th century Poland called Socinians. They had radical Christian views built upon ideas from humanism and the Protestant Reformation, including Anti-Trinitarianism and rejecting the divinity of Christ. -
SERMON: "FRANCIS DAVID and the EDICT of TORDA" Francis
SERMON: "FRANCIS DAVID AND THE EDICT OF TORDA" Francis David (Ferencz David) was born at Klausenburg in Kolozsvar, the capital of Transylvania, in 1510. He was the son of a shoemaker and of a deeply religious mother descended from a noble family. He was first educated at a local Franciscan school, then at Gyulafehervar, a Catholic seminary. His high intellectual ability led him to the University of Wittenburg, where he completed his education 1545-1548 (then in his thirties). He developed the ability to debate fluently in Hungarian, German and Latin. His years of study fall in the exciting period of the Reformation. Although he must have been aware of and perhaps influenced by the debates of the time, his first position was that of rector of a Catholic school in Beszterce. He studied Luthers writings and became a Protestant. Lutheranism had spread rapidly in Transylvania during his absence and he joined the new movement on his return, becoming pastor of a Lutheran church in Peterfalva. He took part in theological debates, proving himself a gifted and powerful orator and a clear thinker. His fame spread, and he was elected as a Superintendent or Bishop of the Lutheran Church. The Calvinist or Reformed movement was at the same time spreading across Transylvania, and Francis David studied its teachings. Its main difference from Lutheranism lay in its symbolical interpretation of the Lords Supper. Gradually convinced, he resigned his Lutheran bishopric in 1559 and joined the Calvinists as an ordinary minister. Again, his intellectual ability and his gifts of oratory bore him to leadership and he was elected Bishop of the Reformed Church of Transylvania. -
Church History
Village Missions Website: http://www.vmcdi.com Contenders Discipleship Initiative E-mail: [email protected] Church History Ecclesiology Church History History of Christian Doctrine Church History - Ecclesiology and the History of Christian Doctrine Contenders Discipleship Initiative – Church History Instructor’s Guide TRAINING MODULE SUMMARY Course Name Church History Course Number in Series 5 Creation Date August 2017 Created By: Russell Richardson Last Date Modified January 2018 Version Number 2 Copyright Note Contenders Bible School is a two-year ministry equipping program started in 1995 by Pastor Ron Sallee at Machias Community Church, Snohomish, WA. More information regarding the full Contenders program and copies of this guide and corresponding videos can be found at http://www.vmcontenders.org or http://www.vmcdi.com Copyright is retained by Village Missions with all rights reserved to protect the integrity of this material and the Village Missions Contenders Discipleship Initiative. Contenders Discipleship Initiative Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in the Contenders Discipleship Initiative courses are those of the instructors and authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of Village Missions. The viewpoints of Village Missions may be found at https://villagemissions.org/doctrinal-statement/ The Contenders program is provided free of charge and it is expected that those who receive freely will in turn give freely. Permission for non-commercial use is hereby granted but re-sale is prohibited. Copyright -
A Manual of Church Membership
: ,CHURCH MEMBERSHIP THE LINDSBY PRESS This little book has been prepared by the Religious ; ;!.L ,,S&:, ' Education Department of the General Assembly of ' ,; Unitarian and Free Christian Churches to fill a gap in our denominational bookshelf. Many books and pamphlets have been issued to explain our history . and our theological position, but nothing has been published to state in simple language and as concisely as possible what is implied by membership . of a congregation in fellowship with the General' " Assembly. Our method has been to try to suggest the questions about church membership which need answers, and to supply the kernel to the answer, while leaving the reader to find out more inform- ation for himself. We hope the booklet wi! be found useful not only by young people growing up in our tradition (whose needs, perhaps, we have had chiefly in mind), but also by older men and if.+ ?( .%=. women, especially those who are new to our denominational fellowship, and by the Senior Classes of Sunday Schools, and study groups of branches of the Young People's League, and by Ministers' Classes preparing young people for ..;:L.-q-,:sy . .* Made and Printed in Great B~itailaby C. Ti~lifigG Co. U$&.- church membership. ..c:.' Liver$ool, Lofidon, and Prescot. .? 5 CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. OUR HERITAGE . 4 9 11. WHAT IS I%UR CHURCH ? . 12' 111. WHAT IS YOUR CHURCH FOR ? . I7 IV. WHAT IS THE DISTINCTIVE TEACHING ?. 24 V. SPECIAL OFFICES AND SACRAMENTS . 3 I VI. HOW IS YOUR CHURCH MANAGED ? martyrs who suffered for their faith. The meaning)"- of our history is revealed in the struggle of manylLC generations of mefi and women to win freedom of kfi: thought and speech in religious matters, while ri ..h. -
TRANSYLVANIAN UNITARIANISM BIBLIOGRAPHY (Update 9/10/2014)—Compiled by Harold Babcock
TRANSYLVANIAN UNITARIANISM BIBLIOGRAPHY (update 9/10/2014)—compiled by Harold Babcock Allen, J. H. A Visit to Transylvania and the Consistory at Kolozvar. Boston: George H. Ellis, 1881. Ashton, Timothy W. “Transylvanian Unitarianism: Background and Theology in the Contemporary Situation of Communist Romania.” Manuscript of research paper, Meadville/Lombard Theological School, 1968. Balazs, Mihaly. Ference David. Bibliotheca Dissidentium: Repertoire des non‐conformistes religieux des seizieme et dis‐septiemesiecles/edite par Andre Seguenny. T. 26: Ungarlandische Antitrinitarier IV. Baden‐Baden; Bouxwiller: Koerner, 2008. [translated by Judit Gellerd] Balazs, Mihaly and Keseru, Gizella, eds. Gyorgy Enyedi and Central European Unitarianism in the 16th‐17th Centuries. Budapest: Balassi Kiedo, 1998. Boros, George, ed. Report of the International Unitarian Conference. Kolozsvart: Nyomatott Gambos Ferencznel, 1897. Campbell, Judy. “Here They Come! A Visit to Transylvania,”uu & me! Vol. 3 No. 3., December 1999: 2‐3. Cheetham, Henry H. Unitarianism and Universalism: An Illustrated History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962. Codrescu, Andrei and Ross, Warren. “Rediscovering Our Transylvanian Connection: A Challenge and a Response,”World Magazine, July/August 1995: 24‐30. Cornish, Louis C., ed. The Religious Minorities in Transylvania. Boston: The Beacon Press, Inc., 1925. _____, ed. Transylvania in 1922. Boston: The Beacon Press, Inc., 1923. Erdo, Janos. “Light Upon Religious Toleration from Francis David and Transylvania,” Faith and Freedom 32, Part II (1979): 75‐82. _____. “The Biblicism of Ferenc David,” Faith and Freedom 48, Part I, (?): 44‐50. Erdo, John. “The Foundations of the Transylvanian Unitarian Church,” Faith and Freedom 23, Part II (1970): 61‐70. _____. Transylvanian Unitarian Church: Chronological History and Theological Essays. -
1922 Addresses Gordon.Pdf
Addresses Biographical and Historical ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A. tc_' Sometime Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History in the University of fifanclzester VETUS PROPTER NO VUM DEPROMETIS THE LINDSEY PRESS 5 ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C.2 1922 www.unitarian.org.uWdocs PREFATORY NOTE With three exceptions the following Addresses were delivered at the openings of Sessions of the Unitarian Home Missionary College, in Manchester, where the author was Principal from 1890 to 1911. The fifth Address (Salters' Hall) was delivered at the Opening Meeting of the High Pavement Historical Society, in Nottingham; the seventh (Doddridge) at Manchester College, in Oxford, in connection with the Summer Meeting of University Extension students ; The portrait prefixed is a facsimile, f~llsize, of the first issue of the original engraving by Christopher Sichem, from the eighth (Lindsey) at the Unitarian Institute, in the British Museum copy (698. a. 45(2)) of Grouwele.~,der Liverpool. vooruzaeutzster Hooft-Kettereuz, Leyden, 1607. In this volume the Addresses are arranged according to the chronology of their subjects; the actual date of delivery is added at the close of each. Except the first and the fifth, the Addresses were printed, shortly after delivery, in the Ch~istianLife newspaper ; these two (also the third) were printed separately; all have been revised, with a view as far as possible to reduce overlapping and to mitigate the use of the personal pronoun. Further, in the first Address it has been necessary to make an important correction in reference to the parentage of Servetus. Misled by the erroneous ascription to him of a letter from Louvain in 1538 signed Miguel Villaneuva (see the author's article Printed it1 Great Britain by on Servetus in the Encyclopwdia Britannica, also ELSOM& Co. -
The Trial of Michael Servetus – May 24, 2015 by David Green
The Trial of Michael Servetus – May 24, 2015 by David Green I’ve met a lot of people who were very serious about their religion. I may have mentioned this guy before, but I’ll never forget the street preacher who held court every day on a busy corner at the University of Texas when I was a student there. He was big and burly, dressed head to toe in black, had a long black beard – way before long black beards were cool – and a powerful, booming voice. All the while he spoke, he waved a very thick, very large Bible. He always drew a crowd, and about lunchtime students would sit around – at a distance – just to watch. It was like street theatre. He had one consistent message: the threat of eternal damnation, and there did not seem to be anyone – any group, any passerby – he would not condemn and warn about their fate. Every so often some brave student – or foolish student, depending on your perspective – would try to engage him in a debate, which would turn into a screaming match. And on one occasion the street preacher became so enraged, he threw his Bible at a student, hitting him in the head and knocking him to the ground. But he kept right on preaching. Someone called the police, the student filed an assault charge, and the street preacher was absent for several weeks. Apparently, he was confined to preaching to his fellow inmates. One thing struck me about that street preacher. As wild as he was, and as much as I might have disagreed with his theology, I was grateful we lived in a time and place where someone like him was free to share his religious views. -
A Consideration of John Owen's Teaching on The
Perichoresis Volume 17. Single Author Supplement 1 (2019): 3–20 DOI: 10.2478/perc-2019-0001 A CONSIDERATION OF JOHN OWEN’S TEACHING ON THE HEAVENLY SESSION OF CHRIST DINU MOGA * Emanuel University of Oradea ABSTRACT. Owen’s writings on this subject helps us to see in a profound way that every as- pect of Christ’s work is based upon an act of divine love and good pleasure in which Christ has come to us in order to restore us to fellowship with God. The Divine counsel stands at the basis of Owen understanding of Christ mediatorial work. In all their aspects, Owen’s Christological reflections represent a restatement of orthodox Christology which stands in fundamental con- tinuity with the Reformed tradition, particularly in its use of the threefold office of Christ. What emerges in Owen regarding Christ as Mediator is positively shaped by the intratrinitari- an relations defined by the covenant of redemption and the three-fold office of Christ as prophet, priest, and king which preserve both, the historical and the eternal dimensions. There is nothing more demanded from the church of the present day than the revival of the idea the we live in him who is our High Priest in heaven. KEY WORDS: Christology, Reformed tradition, office, mediatorial, High Priest Introduction. Owen, His Theology, Purpose, and Work Any study of John Owen’s work on the Person of our Lord Jesus Christ will prove to every reader today that he has been and still remains a theologian who is worthy to be examined and admired for his deep evangelical and biblical convictions. -
Johann Gerhard, the Socinians, and Modern Rejections of Substitutionary Atonement Jack D
CONCORDIA THEOLOGICAL QUARTERLY Volume 82:1–2 January/April 2018 Table of Contents Is Law Intrinsic to God’s Essence? David P. Scaer ................................................................................................... 3 Johann Gerhard, the Socinians, and Modern Rejections of Substitutionary Atonement Jack D. Kilcrease ............................................................................................. 19 Luther on Vocation and Baptism: A Correction to Charismatic and Situational Ways of Discerning God’s Call Benjamin T. G. Mayes ................................................................................... 45 Paradise Regained: Placing Nicholas Hopman’s Lex Aeterna Back in Luther’s Frame Nathan Rinne .................................................................................................. 65 The Theology of the Cross and the Lutheran Confessions Andrew J. Preus .............................................................................................. 83 The Catholic Paul: Allegory and Perspicuity in Irenaeus’s Reading of Scripture James G. Bushur ........................................................................................... 105 God Is My Strength and My Song: History and Practice of Old Testament Canticles Andrew Gerike .............................................................................................. 127 2 Concordia Theological Quarterly 82 (2018) Research Notes ........................................................................................................... -
Bible Matters: the Scriptural Origins of American Unitarianism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Vanderbilt Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Archive BIBLE MATTERS: THE SCRIPTURAL ORIGINS OF AMERICAN UNITARIANISM By LYDIA WILLSKY Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Religion May, 2013 Nashville, Tennessee Approved: Professor James P. Byrd Professor James Hudnut-Beumler Professor Kathleen Flake Professor Paul Lim Professor Paul Conkin TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………3 CHAPTER 1: WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING AND THE PASTORAL ROOTS OF UNITARIAN BIBLICISM………………………………………………………………………………..29 CHAPTER 2: WHAT’S “GOSPEL” IN THE BIBLE? ANDREWS NORTON AND THE LANGUAGE OF BIBLICAL TRUTH………………………………………...................................................77 CHAPTER 3: A PRACTICAL SPIRIT: FREDERIC HENRY HEDGE, THE BIBLE AND THE UNIVERSAL CHURCH…………………………………………………………………...124 CHAPTER 4: THE OPENING OF THE CANON: THEODORE PARKER AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF BIBLICAL AUTHORITY…………………………………………..168 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………...........................205 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………………213 INTRODUCTION The New England Unitarians were a biblical people. They were not biblical in the way of their Puritan ancestors, who emulated the early apostolic Church and treated the Bible as a model for right living. They were a biblical people in the way almost every Protestant denomination of the nineteenth century -
Liberty, Enlightenment, and the Polish Brethren
INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS ◦ RELACJE MIĘDZYKULTUROWE ◦ 2018 ◦ 2 (4) Jarosław Płuciennik1 LIBERTY, ENLIGHTENMENT, AND THE POLISH BRETHREN Abstract The article presents an overview of the history of the idea of dialogics and lib- erty of expression. This liberty is strictly tied to the problem of liberty of con- science. Since the 17th century, the development of the dialogics traveled from an apocalyptic – and demonising its opponents – discourse as in John Milton’s approach in Areopagitica, through dialogics of cooperation and obligations and laws (in the Polish Brethren, so-called Socinians, especially Jan Crell), through dialogics of deduction (transcendental deduction in Immanuel Kant), to dialog- ics of induction and creativity (John Stuart Mill). Key words: liberty of conscience, liberty of expression, Enlightenment, history of ideas, dialogue AREOPAGITICA BY JOHN MILTON AND THE APOCALYPTIC AND MARKET DIALOGICS (1644) The best starting point of my analysis is John Milton’s Areopagitica from 1644, which not only concerns liberty and freedom of speech, but also is the most famous and most extensive prose work of Milton, who has be- come world famous, above all, due to his poetry (Tazbir, 1973, p. 111). The text was published on November 23, 1644, without a license, with- out registration, without the identification of the publisher and printer, and was the first English text entirely devoted to freedom of speech and pub- lishing. The fact that responsibility was taken for the “free word” of the author, who allowed himself to be identified on the title page is critical. 1 Prof.; University of Lodz, Institute of Contemporary Culture, Faculty of Philology; e-mail: [email protected]. -
How English Baptists Changed the Early Modern Toleration Debate
RADICALLY [IN]TOLERANT: HOW ENGLISH BAPTISTS CHANGED THE EARLY MODERN TOLERATION DEBATE Caleb Morell Dr. Amy Leonard Dr. Jo Ann Moran Cruz This research was undertaken under the auspices of Georgetown University and was submitted in partial fulfillment for Honors in History at Georgetown University. MAY 2016 I give permission to Lauinger Library to make this thesis available to the public. ABSTRACT The argument of this thesis is that the contrasting visions of church, state, and religious toleration among the Presbyterians, Independents, and Baptists in seventeenth-century England, can best be explained only in terms of their differences over Covenant Theology. That is, their disagreements on the ecclesiological and political levels were rooted in more fundamental disagreements over the nature of and relationship between the biblical covenants. The Baptists developed a Covenant Theology that diverged from the dominant Reformed model of the time in order to justify their practice of believer’s baptism. This precluded the possibility of a national church by making baptism, upon profession of faith, the chief pre- requisite for inclusion in the covenant community of the church. Church membership would be conferred not upon birth but re-birth, thereby severing the links between infant baptism, church membership, and the nation. Furthermore, Baptist Covenant Theology undermined the dominating arguments for state-sponsored religious persecution, which relied upon Old Testament precedents and the laws given to kings of Israel. These practices, the Baptists argued, solely applied to Israel in the Old Testament in a unique way that was not applicable to any other nation. Rather in the New Testament age, Christ has willed for his kingdom to go forth not by the power of the sword but through the preaching of the Word.