Draft Revised Land Management Plan for the Sierra National Forest Fresno, Madera, and Mariposa Counties, California

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Draft Revised Land Management Plan for the Sierra National Forest Fresno, Madera, and Mariposa Counties, California United States Department of Agriculture Draft Revised Land Management Plan for the Sierra National Forest Fresno, Madera, and Mariposa Counties, California Forest Pacific Southwest Sierra National R5-MB-295 May Service Region Forest 2016 Cover: Image of Dinkey Creek, Sierra National Forest. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected]. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. El USDA es un proveedor, empleador y prestamista que ofrece igualdad de oportunidad Draft Revised Land Management Plan for the Sierra National Forest Fresno, Madera, and Mariposa Counties, California Responsible Official: Dean Gould Forest Supervisor Sierra National Forest 1600 Tollhouse Rd. Clovis, CA 93611 (559)297-0706 For more information contact: Judith Tapia Forest Planning Officer/Business Manager (559)297-0706 ext. 4938 Contents Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 Location ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Distinctive Roles and Contributions of the Plan Area ................................................................. 1 Purpose of the Forest Plan ........................................................................................................... 5 Adaptive Planning ....................................................................................................................... 6 Plan Structure .............................................................................................................................. 6 Plan Components ......................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2. Vision ............................................................................................................................. 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 9 Desired Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 9 Air ............................................................................................................................................ 9 Watershed Conditions .............................................................................................................. 9 Terrestrial Ecosystems ........................................................................................................... 11 Animal and Plant Species ...................................................................................................... 32 Invasive Species ..................................................................................................................... 38 Fire ......................................................................................................................................... 38 Local Communities ................................................................................................................ 39 Volunteers, Interpretation, Partnerships and Stewardship ..................................................... 39 Timber .................................................................................................................................... 40 Range ..................................................................................................................................... 40 Sustainable Recreation ........................................................................................................... 41 Scenery ................................................................................................................................... 43 Tribal Relations and Uses ...................................................................................................... 43 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................................. 44 Geology and Minerals ............................................................................................................ 45 Energy .................................................................................................................................... 46 Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 46 Lands ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Chapter 3. Management Strategy ................................................................................................... 49 Management Areas .................................................................................................................... 49 Strategic Fire Management Zones ......................................................................................... 49 Wilderness .............................................................................................................................. 53 Wild and Scenic Rivers .......................................................................................................... 57 Riparian Conservation Areas ................................................................................................. 58 Critical Aquatic Refuges ........................................................................................................ 65 Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail ........................................................................................ 65 Recreation Places ................................................................................................................... 66 Designated Areas ....................................................................................................................... 74 Wilderness .............................................................................................................................. 74 Wild and Scenic Rivers .......................................................................................................... 74 Kings River Special Management Area ................................................................................. 74 Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail ........................................................................................ 74 Teakettle Experimental Forest ............................................................................................... 75 Inventoried Roadless Areas ................................................................................................... 75 National Recreation Trails ..................................................................................................... 75 Research Natural Areas .......................................................................................................... 76 Special Areas ......................................................................................................................... 76 Scenic Byways ....................................................................................................................... 77 Draft Revised Forest Plan i for the Sierra National Forest Contents Plan Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 78 Watershed Conditions ............................................................................................................ 78 Terrestrial Ecosystems ..........................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Giant Sequoia National Monument, Draft Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1 1 Chapter 4 Environmental Consequences
    United States Department of Giant Sequoia Agriculture Forest Service National Monument Giant Sequoia National Monument Draft Environmental Impact Statement August 2010 Volume 1 The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Chapter 4 - Environmental Consequences Giant Sequoia National Monument, Draft Environmental Impact Statement Volume 1 1 Chapter 4 Environmental Consequences Volume 1 Giant Sequoia National Monument, Draft Environmental Impact Statement 2 Chapter 4 Environmental Consequences Chapter 4 Environmental Consequences Chapter 4 includes the environmental effects analysis. It is organized by resource area, in the same manner as Chapter 3. Effects are displayed for separate resource areas in terms of the direct, indirect, and cumulative effects associated with the six alternatives considered in detail. Effects can be neutral, beneficial, or adverse. This chapter also discusses the unavoidable adverse effects, the relationship between short-term uses and long-term productivity, and any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources. Environmental consequences form the scientific and analytical basis for comparison of the alternatives.
    [Show full text]
  • September 29, 2014 Land Management Plan Revision USDA
    September 29, 2014 Land Management Plan Revision USDA Forest Service Ecosystem Planning Staff 1323 Club Drive Vallejo, CA 94592 Submitted via Region 5 website Re: Comments on Notice of Intent and Detailed Proposed Action for the Forest Plan Revisions on the Inyo, Sequoia and Sierra National Forests To the Forest Plan Revision Team: These comments are provided on behalf of Sierra Forest Legacy and the above conservation organizations. We have reviewed the Notice of Intent (NOI), detailed Proposed Action (PA), and supporting materials posted on the Region 5 planning website and offer the following comments on these documents. We have submitted numerous comment letters since the forest plan revision process was initiated for the Inyo, Sequoia, and Sierra national forests. Specifically, we submitted comment letters on the forest assessments for each national forest (Sierra Forest Legacy et al. 2013a, Sierra Forest Legacy et al. 2013b, Sierra Forest Legacy et al. 2013c), comments on two need for change documents (Sierra Forest Legacy et al. 2014a, Sierra Forest Legacy et al. 2014b) and comments on detailed desired conditions (Sierra Forest Legacy et al. 2014c). We incorporate these comments by reference and attach the letters to these scoping comments. We have included these letters in our scoping comments because significant issues that we raised in these comments have not yet been addressed in the NOI, or the detailed PA creates significant conflict with resource areas on which we commented. Organization of Comments The following comments address first the content of the NOI, including the purpose and need for action, issues not addressed in the scoping notice, and regulatory compliance of the PA as written.
    [Show full text]
  • Inyo National Forest Visitor Guide
    >>> >>> Inyo National Forest >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Visitor Guide >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> $1.00 Suggested Donation FRED RICHTER Inspiring Destinations © Inyo National Forest Facts “Inyo” is a Paiute xtending 165 miles Bound ary Peak, South Si er ra, lakes and 1,100 miles of streams Indian word meaning along the California/ White Mountain, and Owens River that provide habitat for golden, ENevada border between Headwaters wildernesses. Devils brook, brown and rainbow trout. “Dwelling Place of Los Angeles and Reno, the Inyo Postpile Nation al Mon ument, Mam moth Mountain Ski Area National Forest, established May ad min is tered by the National Park becomes a sum mer destination for the Great Spirit.” 25, 1907, in cludes over two million Ser vice, is also located within the mountain bike en thu si asts as they acres of pris tine lakes, fragile Inyo Na tion al For est in the Reds ride the chal leng ing Ka mi ka ze Contents Trail from the top of the 11,053-foot mead ows, wind ing streams, rugged Mead ow area west of Mam moth Wildlife 2 Sierra Ne va da peaks and arid Great Lakes. In addition, the Inyo is home high Mam moth Moun tain or one of Basin moun tains. El e va tions range to the tallest peak in the low er 48 the many other trails that transect Wildflowers 3 from 3,900 to 14,494 feet, pro vid­ states, Mt. Whitney (14,494 feet) the front coun try of the forest. Wilderness 4-5 ing diverse habitats that sup port and is adjacent to the lowest point Sixty-five trailheads provide Regional Map - North 6 vegetation patterns ranging from in North America at Badwater in ac cess to over 1,200 miles of trail Mono Lake 7 semiarid deserts to high al pine Death Val ley Nation al Park (282 in the 1.2 million acres of wil der- meadows.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Sequoia National Monument Management Plan 2012 Final Environmental Impact Statement Record of Decision Sequoia National Forest
    United States Department of Agriculture Giant Sequoia Forest Service Sequoia National Monument National Forest August 2012 Record of Decision The U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Giant Sequoia National Monument Management Plan 2012 Final Environmental Impact Statement Record of Decision Sequoia National Forest Lead Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region Responsible Official: Randy Moore Regional Forester Pacific Southwest Region Recommending Official: Kevin B. Elliott Forest Supervisor Sequoia National Forest California Counties Include: Fresno, Tulare, Kern This document presents the decision regarding the the basis for the Giant Sequoia National Monument selection of a management plan for the Giant Sequoia Management Plan (Monument Plan), which will be National Monument (Monument) that will amend the followed for the next 10 to 15 years. The long-term 1988 Sequoia National Forest Land and Resource environmental consequences contained in the Final Management Plan (Forest Plan) for the portion of the Environmental Impact Statement are considered in national forest that is in the Monument.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of the Sierra Nevada Gooseberry in Relation to Blister Rust Control
    4C z icology of the Sierra Nevada Gooseber n Relation to Mister Rust Control By Clarence R. Quick, Forest Ecologist, Forest Service Circular No. 937 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 3 Effects of various forest dis- Plant ecology in the Sierra turbances 21 Nevada 5 Fire 21 Climatology 5 Logging 22 Sierran montane forest 6 Grazing 23 Forest ecology 7 Hand eradication 23 Autecologv of the Sierra Nevada Chemical eradication 25 gooseberry 7 Application of ecology to control Morphology 8 work 25 Diseases 8 Timing of eradication 25 Seeds and distribution 9 Estimation of gooseberry Seedling 11 occurrence potential 26 Seedling survival and growth. _ 13 Timber management 27 Fruit production 17 Decline of populations 18 Summary 28 Gooseberries and the fauna 19 Literature cited 29 Washington, D. C. March 1954 INTRODUCTION Ecological studies of the genus Ribes have been in progress in northern California for more than 20 years. A thorough under- standing of the ecology of native ribes in general, and of the Sierra Nevada gooseberry (Ribes roezli Regel) in particular, is necessary in connection with the control of the white pine blister rust in California. This disease of five-needled pines, caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola Fischer growing on ribes as its alternate host, threatens to destroy sugar pine (Pinus lamberliana Dougi.) on about a million and a half acres of forest land that supports sufficient sugar pine to make rust control economical. Some of the conclusions from these studies are based on extensive field observations. For the most part, however, they are related directly to analyses of field data collected from several series of plots in California from 1936 to 1949.
    [Show full text]
  • Motor Vehicle Use
    350000 360000 370000 380000 118°45'0"W 30E301A 118°37'30"W Continued on Casa Diablo Map 118°30'0"W 118°22'30"W T OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITIES EXPLANATION OF LEGEND ITEMS 04S15B o PINE GROVE 04S15 M Legend PICNIC AREA 3 04S15E a 0 Operating a motor vehicle on National Forest System Roads Open to Highway Legal Vehicles Only: m " LOWER E m Roads Open to Highway Legal Vehicles 5" 3 roads, National Forest System trails, and in areas on 04S15C 9 & 0 o 1 UPPER t PINE h National Forest System lands carries a greater These roads are open only to motor vehicles licensed under Roads Open to All Vehicles 04S18 " 2 9 0 GROVE 3 responsibility than operating that vehicle in a city or other State law for general operation on all public roads within the 04S18B E Trails Open to All Vehicles CAMPGROUND 0 developed setting. Not only must you know and follow all State. 3 applicable traffic laws, you need to show concern for the Trails Open to Vehicles 50" or Less in Width 04S12O 04S18A environment as well as other forest users. The misuse of Roads Open to All Vehicles: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Trails Open to Motorcycles Only 06S08 0 6 motor vehicles can lead to the temporary or permanent S 06S08A G Rock 0 04S12P o Seasonal Designation 6 r closure of any designated road, trail, or area. As a motor These roads are open to all motor vehicles, including smaller 9" Creek g (See Seasonal Designation Table) e 04S12Q vehicle operator, you are also subject to State traffic law, off-highway vehicles that may not be licensed for highway Lake R d including State requirements for licensing, registration, and use (but not to oversize or overweight vehicles under State Highways, US, State 9" 06S06A MOSQUITO FLAT operation of the vehicle in question.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequoia National Forest
    FOREST, MONUMENT, OR PARK? You may see signs for Sequoia National Forest, Giant Sequoia National Monument, and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks… and wonder what is the difference between these places? All are on federal land. Each exists to benefit society. Yet each has a different history and purpose. Together they provide a wide spectrum of uses. National Forests, managed under a "multiple use" concept, provide services and commodities that may include lumber, livestock grazing, minerals, and recreation with and without vehicles. Forest employees work for the U.S. Forest Service, an agency in the Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Forest Service was created in 1905. National Monuments can be managed by any of three different agencies: the U.S. Forest Service, the National Park Service, or the Bureau of Land Management. They are created by presidential proclamation and all seek to protect specific natural or cultural features. Giant Sequoia National Monument is managed by the U.S. Forest Service and is part of Sequoia National Forest. It was created by former President Bill Clinton in April of 2000. National Parks strive to keep landscapes unimpaired for future generations. They protect natural and historic features while offering light-on-the-land recreation. Park employees work for the National Park Service, part of the Department of the Interior. The National Park Service was created in 1916. Forests, Monuments, and Parks may have different rules in order to meet their goals. Read "Where can I..." below to check out what activities are permitted where within the Sequoia National Forest, Giant Sequoia National Monument, and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Stanislaus National Forest Pacific Southwest Region 5 *****Outreach Notice*****
    02/12 STANISLAUS NATIONAL FOREST PACIFIC SOUTHWEST REGION 5 *****OUTREACH NOTICE***** TITLE: Various- See Below DUTY LOCATION: Stanislaus National Forest SERIES: GS-462 Various Locations- See Below GRADE: GS- 6, 7, 8, 9 FOREST: The Stanislaus National Forest (http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/stanislaus/) totals approximately 1,090,000 acres within its boundaries. The Forest is bordered on the south by the Merced River and the Sierra National Forest. The Mokelumne River and the Eldorado National Forest comprise the northern border. Yosemite National Park and the Toiyabe National Forest make up the eastern boundaries. The Forest Supervisor’s Office is located in Sonora, California, county seat for Tuolumne County. The four Ranger Districts, Mi-Wok, Calaveras, Summit and Groveland, are within 45 minutes of the Supervisor’s Office. To view the AVUE vacancy announcement summary, click the announcement number link. This will give you salary, qualification and application information regarding the position. GROVELAND RANGER DISTRICT: Please use the “AVUE Location” listed in the tables below as the preferred location on your application. Number of Position Series and AVUE Resource/Duty Merit Promotion DEMO Announcement positions Grade Location Station Announcement Number Number Forestry Groveland, 1 Technician (Fire GS-462-7 Kinsley Engine OCRP-462-FEO(H)-7G OCRP-462-FEO(H)-7DP CA Engine Operator) Forestry Technician (Hand Groveland, Buck Meadows OCRP-462- OCRP-462- 1 GS-462-7 Crew Supervisor) CA HANDCREW-7G HANDCREW-7DP For technical questions regarding the above positions, please contact Division Chief Alec Lane at: [email protected] or (209) 962-7825 x519 MI-WOK RANGER DISTRICT: Please use the “AVUE Location” listed in the tables below as the preferred location on your application.
    [Show full text]
  • Boyhood Days in the Owens Valley 1890-1908
    Boyhood Days in the Owens Valley 1890-1908 Beyond the High Sierra and near the Nevada line lies Inyo County, California—big, wild, beautiful, and lonely. In its center stretches the Owens River Valley, surrounded by the granite walls of the Sierra Nevada to the west and the White Mountains to the east. Here the remote town of Bishop hugs the slopes of towering Mount Tom, 13,652 feet high, and here I was born on January 6, 1890. When I went to college, I discovered that most Californians did not know where Bishop was, and I had to draw them a map. My birthplace should have been Candelaria, Nevada, for that was where my parents were living in 1890. My father was an engineer in the Northern Belle silver mine. I was often asked, "Then how come you were born in Bishop?" and I replied, "Because my mother was there." The truth was that after losing a child at birth the year before, she felt Candelaria's medical care was not to be trusted. The decline in the price of silver, the subsequent depression, and the playing out of the mines in Candelaria forced the Albright family to move to Bishop permanently. We had a good life in Bishop. I loved it, was inspired by its aura, and always drew strength and serenity from it. I have no recollection of ever having any bad times. There weren't many special things to do, but what- ever we did, it was on horseback or afoot. Long hours were spent in school.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Abella, S. R. 2010. Disturbance and plant succession in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts of the American Southwest. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7:1248—1284. Abella, S. R., D. J. Craig, L. P. Chiquoine, K. A. Prengaman, S. M. Schmid, and T. M. Embrey. 2011. Relationships of native desert plants with red brome (Bromus rubens): Toward identifying invasion-reducing species. Invasive Plant Science and Management 4:115—124. Abella, S. R., N. A. Fisichelli, S. M. Schmid, T. M. Embrey, D. L. Hughson, and J. Cipra. 2015. Status and management of non-native plant invasion in three of the largest national parks in the United States. Nature Conservation 10:71—94. Available: https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.10.4407 Abella, S. R., A. A. Suazo, C. M. Norman, and A. C. Newton. 2013. Treatment alternatives and timing affect seeds of African mustard (Brassica tournefortii), an invasive forb in American Southwest arid lands. Invasive Plant Science and Management 6:559—567. Available: https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-13-00022.1 Abrahamson, I. 2014. Arctostaphylos manzanita. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Fire Effects Information System (Online). plants/shrub/arcman/all.html Ackerman, T. L. 1979. Germination and survival of perennial plant species in the Mojave Desert. The Southwestern Naturalist 24:399—408. Adams, A. W. 1975. A brief history of juniper and shrub populations in southern Oregon. Report No. 6. Oregon State Wildlife Commission, Corvallis, OR. Adams, L. 1962. Planting depths for seeds of three species of Ceanothus.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer of Surface Waters of California
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTI8 SMITH, DIEECTOE WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 296 GAZETTEER OF SURFACE WATERS OF CALIFORNIA PART II. SAN JOAQUIN RIVER BASIN PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OP JOHN C. HOYT BY B. D. WOOD In cooperation with the State Water Commission and the Conservation Commission of the State of California WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912 NOTE. A complete list of the gaging stations maintained in the San Joaquin River basin from 1888 to July 1, 1912, is presented on pages 100-102. 2 GAZETTEER OF SURFACE WATERS IN SAN JOAQUIN RIYER BASIN, CALIFORNIA. By B. D. WOOD. INTRODUCTION. This gazetteer is the second of a series of reports on the* surf ace waters of California prepared by the United States Geological Survey under cooperative agreement with the State of California as repre­ sented by the State Conservation Commission, George C. Pardee, chairman; Francis Cuttle; and J. P. Baumgartner, and by the State Water Commission, Hiram W. Johnson, governor; Charles D. Marx, chairman; S. C. Graham; Harold T. Powers; and W. F. McClure. Louis R. Glavis is secretary of both commissions. The reports are to be published as Water-Supply Papers 295 to 300 and will bear the fol­ lowing titles: 295. Gazetteer of surface waters of California, Part I, Sacramento River basin. 296. Gazetteer of surface waters of California, Part II, San Joaquin River basin. 297. Gazetteer of surface waters of California, Part III, Great Basin and Pacific coast streams. 298. Water resources of California, Part I, Stream measurements in the Sacramento River basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Set Listing (May 1997)
    USDA Forest Service Air Resource Monitoring System Existing Data Set Listing (May 1997) Air Resource Monitoring System (ARMS) Data Set Listing May 1997 Contact Steve Boutcher USDA Forest Service National Air Program Information Manager Portland, OR (503) 808-2960 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 DATA SET DESCRIPTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 National & Multi-Regional Data Sets EPA’S EASTERN LAKES SURVEY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 EPA’S NATIONAL STREAM SURVEY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 EPA WESTERN LAKES SURVEY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM) LICHEN MONITORING-------------------------------------------------14 FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM) OZONE BIOINDICATOR PLANTS ----------------------------------15 IMPROVE AEROSOL MONITORING--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 IMPROVE NEPHELOMETER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 IMPROVE TRANSMISSOMETER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION PROGRAM/ NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK----------------19 NATIONAL
    [Show full text]