DOCSLIB.ORG

At Former Soviet Union Military Barracks Near Sainshand Town

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
At Former Soviet Union Military Barracks Near Sainshand Town ECOLOGICAL BASELINE SURVEY ON FORMER MILITARY SITES OYUNTSETSEG Luvsandash, Ph.D, Senior Desk Officer, Strategic Policy & Planning Department, Ministry of Defense, Mongolia CONTENTS Rationale Soil contamination in Mongolia Research methodology Ecological health of sites previously used for military purpose Conclusion NATIONAL SECURITY GUIDANCE OF MONGOLIA Environmental Safety ▪ Prevention from water supply ▪ Reduction of environmental pollution scarcity; ▪ Reduction of risks associated with ▪ Reduction of land degradation and natural calamities and disasters. changes to the climate; ▪ Preservation of biodiversity and prevention from supply shortage. Principle of ensuring healthy living environment for humans and environmental safety is to preserve balance of nature, protect water supply, reduce negative impact on climate and land degradation, prevent from scarcity of biodiversity and reduce environmental pollution and natural disasters. Mitigating soil contamination and soil degradation, managing rehabilitation processes ▪ Concept of Sustainable ▪ Law on hygiene; Development of Mongolia ▪ Law on Soil Protection and 2030; Prevention from ▪ Government program for Desertification; 2016-2020; ▪ Law on Environmental ▪ National Program on Soil Protection; Protection. ▪ Law on Land; ▪ Law on Subsoil; ▪ Law on allocation of land to Mongolian citizens; ▪ Law on Urban Development. MAIN CAUSES OF SOIL CONTAMINATION • Urban area: Level of soil Mining contamination related to ger district sanitation is HIGH; Air Processing • Rural areas: Waste accumulated Pollution plants from mining site and Aimag/ Soum centers is major source of soil contamination. Waste Ger district sanitation SOIL CONTAMINATION IN MONGOLIA SOIL CONTAMINATION IN ULAANBAATAR CITY Soil quality in Ulaanbaatar city Soil quality MNS 5850:2008 standard: Soil contents from Baganuur, Bagakhangai, Bayanzurkh, Sukhbaatar, Songinokhairkhan, Chingeltei, Khan-Uul, Nalaikh districts do not contain contamination from heavy metals such as strontium, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, lead and cadmium. However, levels of arsenic, chromium, zinc, strontium contents were reported higher than the Soil contents from Chingeltei district contained higher than maximum permissible amount by 30.1 mg/kg of zinc. Soil sample obtained from near Tsetseg Hotel point showed 655.3 mg/kg of zinc content which exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 2.2 times. Soil quality in Ulaanbaatar city Compared to MNS5850:2008 standard: ▪ Soil sample obtained from Baganuur district 3 Khuslen supermarket west point showed 981.3 mg/kg of strontium content which exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 181.3 mg/kg. ▪ Soil sample obtained from Khan-Uul district Khargia (47°53’31.8”, 106°53’32.5”) point showed 612.4 mg/kg of chromium content which exceeded the maximum permissible amount by factor 4 times. ▪ Soil samples obtained from Bayanzurkh district points showed zinc contents exceeding the maximum permissible amount by 1-2.1 times. Quality and condition of soil in rural areas • Total of 298 points are used for soil quality monitoring across the rural areas. • Heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, arsenic, bromine, chromium, zinc, copper, cobalt, strontium is analyzed at the laboratory of Center for Environment and Meteorology. • Survey results on soil quality and heavy metal contents obtained from Bayan-Ulgii, Dornogovi, Dornod, Dundgovi, Uvurkhangai, Umnugovi, Sukhbaatar, Khentii Aimags showed normal levels in accordance with MNS 5850:2008. Soil quality and soil condition in rural areas Arkhangai •Soil sample obtained from Tsagaan Davaa point showed strontium contents exceeding the maximum permissible Aimag amount by 185.2 mg/kg. • Magnai Trade sample point: total amount of 359 mg/kg zinc, total amount of 931.3 mg/kg strontium content; Bayankhongor • Bayankhongor power station sample point: total amount Aimag of 318.1 mg/kg zinc content; • 1st Secondary school area sample point: total amount of 971.8 mg/kg strontium content. • Deed Durvun zam sample point: total amount of 3.3 mg/ kg cadmium content which exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 0.3 mg/kg; Bulgan Aimag • All of the soil sample points showed strontium content exceeding the maximum permissible amount by 59.3-943.2 mg/kg. Soil quality and soil condition in rural areas • Soil sample points in Shine-Altai market, 1st secondary school, Gobi-Altai thermal and power plant: chromium contents exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 20.9-86.7 mg/kg; Aimag • Soil sample points in Goviin nuruu: strontium contents exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 366.6 mg/kg. • Bayan nexus sample point: Total amount of 4.6 mg/kg cadmium, 680.5 mg/kg lead which exceeded the maximum permissible Gobisumber amount by 580.5 mg/kg and reached toxic levels. Aimag • The above sample point showed 2356 mg/kg zinc content which exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 7.8 times and reached toxic level contamination.. • Darkhan town sample point showed strontium content Darkhan-Uul exceeding the maximum permissible amount by 2.3 mg/kg to Aimag 206.3 mg/kg. Soil quality and soil condition in the rural areas • Soil sample point at Provincial Capital’s Western zone market center revealed 854.9 mg/kg strontium content; Zavkhan Aimag • Soil sample point at the steam boiler showed 47.3 mg/kg cadmium, 747 mg/kg zinc, 34.7 mg/kg cobalt, 1972 mg/kg strontium contents. • Soil sample point at Erdene bag showed 4.5 mg/kg cobalt content; • Soil sample point at Solongo market showed 55 mg/kg lead, Orkhon Aimag 8.2-10.5 mg/kg zinc content; • Soil sample points at Foreign language school, 3rd secondary school, Tractor driver’s statue showed strontium contents of 2.8 mg/kg, 47.3 mg/kg, 68 mg/kg, respectively. • Soil sample point at Depo showed 582.4 mg/kg of zinc content; • All of the soil quality monitoring points showed strontium Selenge Aimag contents exceeding the maximum permissible amount by 135.1 mg/kg which suggests that the soil is contaminated with strontium. Soil quality and soil condition in rural areas • Soil sample obtained from elementary school of Zuundelger district in Zuunmod city showed 4.4 mg/kg of strontium content • Soil sample point at Fuel station showed 12.3 mg/kg of strontium Tuv Aimag content; • Soil sample point at Attorney’s office showed 548.7 mg/kg of zinc content. • Average amount of strontium content obtained from all of the soil Uvs Aimag sample points in Ulaangom city was 427.6 mg/kg which exceeded the maximum permissible amount by 127.6 mg/kg • Amount of zinc content obtained from Thermal power plant soil Khovd Aimag sample point exceeded maximum permissible amount by 652.3 mg/ kg. • Average amount of strontium content obtained from all of the soil sample points was 835.9 mg/kg which exceeded the maximum Khuvsgul Aimag permissible amount by 35.9 mg/kg. BRIEF INFORMATION • Initial survey identified 31 sites which were previously used by Soviet Union for military purposes. • Estimated 100,000 hectares of land was contaminated. These lands were used for military base and now have turned into ruins and cannot be reused. • The environmental condition is ecologically vulnerable and pose risk to human population due to accumulation of construction waste and heavy soil disturbance. • Several environmental assessments were conducted in the past at former Soviet Union military base camps. However, these assessments were conducted on a baseline condition and did not consider environmental management on soil degradation. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY US system Canadian system UK system Dutch system Australian system ▪ Priority setting/ranking ▪ Criteria and screening levels ▪ Further investigation/assessment Site Inspection / Preliminary Preliminary Assessment Investigation Identification process for contaminated AUSTRALIAN SYSTEM USA, CANADIAN, UK & sites CANADIAN SYSTEM ▪ Identification of contaminated site; ▪ Preliminary assessment; ▪ Land contamination survey ▪ Priority setting/ranking; ▪ Criteria and screening levels. Sample Risk Planning analysis identification Field survey Conceptual Reporting modeling ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF LAND PREVIOUSLY USED FOR MILITARY PURPOSES Location of site previously used by former Soviet Union for military purposes in Mongolia between 1960-1990 Total area 10.9 thousand hectares CONDITION OF ABANDONED MILITARY SITES Solid waste - 143,882.10 m3/ ha Soil disturbance - 20,077.30 m3 18 30 ▪ Soil contamination assessments were conducted at 18 locations. ▪ Main contaminants include oil products, lead, zinc, chromium. Accumulated waste and soil degradation on land previously used for military purposes The scope of contaminated site assessment for Former Military Sites Location Main pollutants Source of pollution 1. Shiveegovi, Govisumber. TPH, Pb, Zn Thermal plant, sanitation facility, parking, workshop Diesel fuel station, steam boiler, auto repair workshop, 2. Sumber , Govisumber. TPH, Pb airstrip and parking, chlorination centers, petroleum warehouse TPH, Cd, Pb, Thermal plant, sanitation facility, chlorination center, 3. Bayantal, Govisumber. Zn, Ni petroleum warehouse, pier, airstrip 4. Dalanjargalan, Dornogovi. TPH, Cd, Pb, Zn Flammable and lubricants storage, airstrip 5. Sainshand, Dornogovi. All range TPH Railway, Coal storage, power generator TPH, crude oil, 6. Mandalgovi, Dundgovi. Parking/workshop, power generator Pb TPH, Cr, Cd, 7. Choibalsan, Dornod. Flammable and lubricants storage, airstrip Pb, Zn Power generator, thermal plant, coal storage warehouse, 8. Arvaikheer, Uvurkhangai. TPH sanitation facility The scope of contaminated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Estimation of Pasture Productivity in Mongolian Grasslands: Field Survey and Model Simulation
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240797895 Estimation of pasture productivity in Mongolian grasslands: Field survey and model simulation Article in Journal of Agricultural Meteorology · January 2010 DOI: 10.2480/agrmet.66.1.6 CITATIONS READS 11 336 3 authors: Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun Masato Shinoda Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment Nagoya University 14 PUBLICATIONS 95 CITATIONS 132 PUBLICATIONS 1,859 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Mitsuru Tsubo Tottori University 116 PUBLICATIONS 2,727 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Migration ecology and conservation of Mongolian wild ungulates View project Sand fluxes and its vertical distribution in the southern Mongolia: A sand storm case study for 2011 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Tserenpurev Bat-Oyun on 06 January 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Full Paper J. Agric. Meteorol. (農業気象) 66 (1): 31-39, 2010 Estimation of pasture productivity in Mongolian grasslands: field survey and model simulation Tserenpurev BAT-OYUN†, Masato SHINODA, and Mitsuru TSUBO (Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Hamasaka, Tottori, 680–0001, Japan) Abstract The Mongolian economy depends critically on products of range-fed livestock. Pasture is the major food source for livestock grazing, and its productivity is strongly affected by climatic variability. Direct measurement of pasture productivity is time-consuming and difficult, especially in remote areas of a large country like Mongolia with sparse spatial distribution of pasture monitoring. Therefore, model- ing is a valuable tool to simulate pasture productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Health Issue Related to Heavy Metals of Ger Residents of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
    Environmental health issue related to heavy metals of ger residents of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Battsengel Enkhchimeg1,2 1 Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G5-9 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama city, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan; 2 Department of Environment and Forest Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ikh Surguuliin gudamj -1, P.O.Box -46A/523 ,210646 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [email protected] Background Mongolia is located in East Asia and bordered by China and Russia, as illustrated in Figure 1. Ulaanbaatar is the capital city of Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar has nine districts including Sonigokhairkhan, Sukhbaatar, Bayangol, Khan-Uul, Bayanzurkh, Chilgeltei, Nalaikh, Bagakhangai and Baganuur. Figure 1. Research area, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Source: Maps throughout created using ArcGIS® software by Esri. ArcGIS® and ArcMap™ are the intellectual property of Esri and are used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved. At present, Mongolia has 3.3 million people's lives, however, half a million people (population 1,615,094) live in Ulaanbaatar city due to migration from rural and capital city last two decades [1]. This trend would increase in the next decade in the future as showed the Figure 2. Due to unpredicted population growth in capital city over last a decade, the city has expanded in the capital city. The reason for migration is to improve their living condition, to study at university, and to find a job. There are 2 types of dwelling in Ulaanbaatar such as ger and apartment.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix-3 Investigation Schedule Investigation Schedule （Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable in Mongolia）
    Appendix-3 Investigation Schedule Investigation Schedule （Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable in Mongolia） 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930 Speciality Name 1998 1999 2000 910111212345678910111212345678910111212 (9) (75) (2) (28) (15) (60) (30) (15) (30) (15) (30) (12) Team Leader／ Yoshitomo WATANABE 1 Power Supply Planner 3 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 Demand Estimtor／ (9) (75) (30) (15) (60) (30) (15) (30) (15) (30) (12) 2 Power Supply System Tomoyasu FUKUCHI Specialist 3 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 (3) (69) (24) (15) (60) (21) (15) (24) (15) (15) (12) 3 Solar Power Planner Deepak B.BISTA 9 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 (3) (69) (24) (15) (60) (21) (15) (24) (15) (15) (12) 4 Wind Power Planner Tsutomu DEI 9 16 26 12 12 10 15 29 25 10 28 9 Tariff Analyst／ (3) (66) (24) (45) (21) (24) (15) (27) (12) 5 Economic and Hiroshi NISHIMAKI Financial Analyst 3 7 25 9 25 10 28 9 Social and (61) (24) (8) (45) (21) (15) (24) (15) (21) (12) Kiyofumi TANAKA 6 Organization Analyst 17 16 26 5 25 9 15 29 25 10 28 9 Appendix-3 (75) (60) (12) Kazuyuki TADA/ 7 Coordinator Norio UEDA 316 12 10 28 9 Investigation Sched ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ Repors Repors Inception Report Progress Report 1 Progress Report 2 Interim Report Draft Final Report Final Report 910111212345678910111212345678910111212 Legend ： In Mongolia In Japan u The Master Plan Study for Rural Power Supply by Renewable Energy in Mongolia The First Site Investigation Schedule No.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Analysis for Urban Nexus Project
    GENDER ANALYSIS FOR URBAN NEXUS PROJECT Commissioned by GIZ Urban Nexus project Prepared by ErdenechimegTserendorj, Gender Consultant ErdenechimegChuluunbaatar, Water Sanitation Consultant 2015 Page 1 of 52 List of abbreviation and acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank ERC Energy Regulatory Commission GIZ German International Cooperation (the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit) GHG Green house gas IAO International Accreditation Agency LPGE Law on the Promotion of Gender Equality LUUSWSS Law on Utilization of Urban Settlement’s Water Supply and Sewage MCA Millennium Challenge Agency MCUD Ministry Of Construction And Urban Development MEGD Ministry of Environment and Green Development MoU Memorandum of Understanding PIU Project Implementing Unit TTR Thermo-Technical Retrofitting NCGE National Committee on Gender Equality NWC National Water Committee NWP National Water Programme UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund WHO World Health Organization WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant Page 2 of 52 Content: List of abbreviation and acronyms 2 Content: 3 List of Figures: 5 List of Tables: 5 INTRODUCTION 6 Integrated Resource Management In Asian Cities: The Urban Nexus Concept 6 The Urban Nexus Project in Ulaanbaatar City 7 Objective and Methodology of the Gender Analysis 8 GENDER ISSUES IN URBAN PLANNING 11 Overall Description of Ulaanbaatar City And Selected Districts 11 INCLUSION AND PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING 16 The country’s overall situation in women’s participation
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services
    MONGOLIA Infrastructure Strategy Review Making Choices in Provision of Infrastructure Services S. Rivera East Asia & Pacific The World Bank Government of Mongolia: Working Group Technical Donors Meeting October, 2006. 1 Mongolia: Infrastructure Strategy The Process and Outputs Factors Shaping Infrastructure Strategy Demand Key Choices to discuss this morning 2 Process and Outcome The Process – An interactive process, bringing together international practices: Meeting in Washington, March 2005. Field work in the late 2005. Preparation of about 12 background notes in sector and themes, discussed in Washington on June 2006. Submission of final draft report in November, 2006 Launching of Infrastructure Strategy report in a two day meeting in early 2007. Outcome A live document that can shape and form policy discussions on PIP, National Development Plan, and Regional Development Strategy….it has been difficult for the team to assess choices as well. 3 Factors Shaping the IS • Urban led Size and Growth of Ulaanbaatar and Selected Aimag (Pillar) Centers Size of the Circle=Total Population ('000) Infrastructure 6% 5% 869.9 Investments ) l 4% ua nn 3% a Ulaanbaatar (%, 2% h t Darkhan w Erdenet o 1% r G n 0% o i -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 at l -1% Choibalsan Kharkhorin opu Ondorkhaan P -2% Khovd Uliastai -3% Zuunmod -4% Share of Total Urban Population (%) 4 Factors Shaping the IS: Connectivity, with the World and in Mongolia Khankh Khandgait Ulaanbaishint Ereentsav Khatgal Altanbulag ULAANGOM Nogoonnuur UVS KHUVSGUL Tsagaannuur ÒýñTes
    [Show full text]
  • MONGOLIA CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS a Diagnostic Study of the Most Binding Constraints to Economic Growth in Mongolia
    The production of this constraints analysis was led by the partner governments, and was used in the development of a Millennium Challenge Compact or threshold program. Although the preparation of the constraints analysis is a collaborative process, posting of the constraints analysis on this website does not constitute an endorsement by MCC of the content presented therein. 2014-001-1569-02 MONGOLIA CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS A diagnostic study of the most binding constraints to economic growth in Mongolia August 18, 2016 Produced by National Secretariat for the Second Compact Agreement between the Government of Mongolia and the Millennium Challenge Corporation of the USA With technical assistance from the Millennium Challenge Corporation i Table of Contents Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi Glossary of Terms .......................................................................................................................................... viii 1. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Narrative Report on Study Tour of Mongolian Delegates to Jaipur
    A Study Tour of Municipal Government Official from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia to Jaipur, India Organised by CUTS International With the support of The Asia Foundation, India December 08-10, 2015 Introduction Mongolia is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. While they do not share a border, Mongolia is separated from Kazakhstan by only 36.76 kilometres (22.84 mi). Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45 percent of the population. Mongolia is divided into 21 provinces (aimags), which are in turn divided into 329 districts (sums). The capital Ulaanbaatar is administrated separately as a capital city (municipality) with provincial status. Thus being a federal municipality, the city is not part of any province. Ulaanbaatar is divided into nine districts: Baganuur, Bagakhangai, Bayangol, Bayanzürkh, Chingeltei, Khan Uul, Nalaikh, Songino Khairkhan, and Sükhbaatar. Each district is subdivided into Khoroos, of which there are 121. The capital and provinces have Citizens’ Representative Meeting (Local parliament) elected every 4 years. Governors exercise executive power in the capital and provinces and are appointed by the Prime Minister as recommended by Citizens’ Representative Meetings. Local administrations provide support for Governors. CUTS International with the support of The Asia Foundation (TAF) organised a three- day study tour for the Municipal Officials from the city of Ulaanbaatar of Mongolia. A 15- member delegation along with two representatives from TAF India visited Jaipur from December 07-11, 2015. 1 Objective The purpose of the study tour was to enhance capacities of the government officials with respect to informed decision making, community participation and implementation of activities for service improvement in their respective areas through exposure to relevant areas in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposed Future Environmental Security Project for Mongolia
    PROPOSED FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY PROJECT FOR MONGOLIA OYUNTSETSEG Luvsandash. Senior Desk Officer, Strategic Policy & Planning Department, Ministry of Defense, Mongolia Legal Environment . National Security Concept . Law on Hygienic; of Mongolia; . Law on soil Protection & . Concept of Sustainable Desertification; Development of Mongolia- . Law on Environmental 2030; Protection; . Program of the Mongolian . Law on Land; Government 2016-2020; . Law on Subsoil; . National Soil Protection . Law on Allocation of Land Program. to Mongolian Citizen; . Law on Rehabilitation to Citizens and Town. • In urban areas, bacteriological Mining contamination related to ger district sanitation is high; Air Processing • In the rural areas, waste from Pollution factories the aimag centers and soums is the main cause of soil pollution Ger district Waste sanitation Comparison of soil quality MNS 5850: 2008: The soil of Baganuur, Bagakhangai, Bayanzurkh, Sukhbaatar, Songinokhairkhan, Chingeltei, Khan-Uul and Nalaikh districts has no heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, copper, cobalt, and strontium. However, mercury, chromium, zinc, and strontium in the soil have increased in previous years. According to the results of the heavy metals monitoring of soil quality in Bayan-Ulgii, Dornogovi, Dornod, Dundgovi, Uvurkhangai, Umnugovi, Sukhbaatar and Khentii aimags, it is normalized to exceed the MNS 5850: 2008 standard. Total area 10.9 thousand hectares STATUS OF ABANDONED MILITARY SITES Waste - 143,882.10 м3/ha Soil disturbance - 20,077.30 м3 18 30 . A soil pollution assessment survey was conducted at 18 sites. The main pollutants are metal products such as petroleum, lead, zinc and chromium. Bayan nexus point: cadmium content was 4.6 mg/kg, lead content was 680.5 mg/kg, or 580.5 mg/kg from the maximum permissible level and reached toxic levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Capacity Development Project for Air Pollution Control in Ulaanbaatar City Phase 2 in Mongolia Technical Manual 06 PM10
    Mongolia Air Pollution Reduction Department (APRD) Capacity Development Project for Air Pollution Control in Ulaanbaatar City Phase 2 in Mongolia Technical Manual 06 PM10 and PM2.5 Measurement and PM Composition Analysis Manual September 2016 Japan International Cooperation Agency SUURI-KEIKAKU CO., LTD. Capacity Development Project for Air Pollution Control in Ulaanbaatar City Phase 2 in Mongolia Technical Manual 06 PM10 and PM2.5 Measurement and PM Composition Analysis Manual Introduction In this project JICA Experts have planned filter sampling of PM10 and PM2.5 of the ambient air at some sites in every season and analyze the components of the samples. JICA Experts will use the result for identification of PM sources throughout the year including winter season when the air pollution is severe and achieve information which will be useful for the policy making. Samplings and composition analysis of 120 points in total are scheduled in 3 years from 2014 to 2016. Considering the matters of power source and security, sampling points were selected from 10 local monitoring stations (6 stations of CLEM and 4 stations of APRD (AQDCC)) in UB City. And JICA Expert Team also used one local residence in northern gel area, Chingeltei from December 2014. Mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 is calculated by comparing the mass weight of sampled filter from before to after sampling. Major chemical compositions of PM are various elements, carbon components, and water soluble ionic species. However, analysis instruments were not in Mongolian country, above samples of filter on which PM was collected were used for composition analysis in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Population and Economic Activities of Ulaanbaatar
    POPULATION AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF ULAANBAATAR Bayanchimeg Chilkhaasuren, Head of Statistics Department UB. Batbayar Baasankhuu, Chief of Division Economic statistics of Statistics Department UB. POPULATION Urbanization in Mongolia has developed sharply since the second half of the last century and the percentage of people in urban areas from the total population has been increasing. According to the census conducted in 2010, two of every three citizens in Mongolia live in urban areas. Around 44.0% of the total population of Mongolia lived in urban areas in 1969. However, this number increased to 67.9% in 2010. This increase of population of the urban areas of Mongolia within the last decade is approximate to the population increase in 30 years before this decade. According to the urbanization of the population, the majority of people are living in Ulaanbaatar city and Central region. For instance: Darkhan-uul, Dornogobi and South-Gobi where there is better infrastructure systems such as the development of mining and other services and they have tar roads and railways as well as bordering China is also a key of the population attraction. The western area of Mongolia is not under-populated and urbanization is not at an intensive level. The main attractions of urban areas are that the development of social sectors such as production, services, education and health care in Ulaanbaatar city and province centers are better than in rural areas. Therefore, many people are moving to urban areas, which increases the size of the urban population from the total population of Mongolia. The majority of the Mongolian population, around 64.2%, is living only in Ulaanbaatar city.
    [Show full text]
  • (Additional Financing): Project Administration Manual
    Additional Financing for the Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project (RRP MON 42184-027) Project Administration Manual Project Number: 42184-027 Loan Number: 3388-MON September 2018 Mongolia: Additional Financing for Southeast Gobi Urban and Border Town Development Project ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADF – Asian Development Fund DMF – design and monitoring framework EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environmental management plan IEE – initial environmental examination MCUD – Ministry of Construction and Urban Development MOF – Ministry of Finance NCB – national competitive bidding PAM – project administration manual PMU – project management unit PPMS – project performance management system PUSO – public utility service organization QCBS – quality- and cost-based selection RRP – report and recommendation of the President SGAP – social and gender action plan SOE – statement of expenditure TOR – terms of reference TSA – Treasury single account WSRC – Water Services Regulatory Commission WWTP – wastewater treatment plant CONTENTS Page I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 A. Rationale 1 B. Impact and Outcome 4 C. Outputs 5 II. IMPLEMENTATION PLANS 6 A. Project Readiness Activities 6 B. Overall Project Implementation Plan 6 III. PROJECT MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS 7 A. Project Implementation Organizations: Roles and Responsibilities 8 B. Key Persons Involved in Implementation 10 C. Project Organization Structure 11 IV. COSTS AND FINANCING 12 A. Cost Estimates 12 B. Key Assumptions 12 C. Revised Project and Financing Plan 13 D. Detailed Cost Estimates by Expenditure Category 15 E. Allocation and Withdrawal of Loan Proceeds 16 F. Detailed Cost Estimates by Financier ($ million) 17 G. Detailed Cost Estimates by Output ($ million) 18 H. Detailed Cost Estimates by Year ($ million) 19 I. Contract and Disbursement S-Curve 20 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction on Dry Ports in Mongolia
    Introduction on Dry Ports in Mongolia 2017.11.14 Dry Ports Significance for Introduction Land‐Locked Countries Mongolia is an ideal environment for the development of Dry Ports. With fast growing local industries and volumes of cargo exchanged with our world, with no access to a sea but with a relatively good connection to neighboring ports of Russia and China calls for an erection and development of respective hubs, even with reflection of the vast territory of the country and a minor‐but‐growing intensity of settlement. Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports Significance for Land‐Locked Land‐Locked Countries Countries as Mongolia • Mongolia ratified the Intergovernmental Agreement on Dry Ports on 23 April 2016. • The Agreement identifies a number of existing and potential dry port locations that are to be the basis of a coordinated effort to creates modes along an international integrated intermodal transport and logistics system. Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in Mongolia Land‐Locked Countries o Altanbulag (border with Russian Federation) o Ulaanbaatar o Sainshand o Zamyn-Uud (border with People`s republic of China) o Choibalsan (potential dry port) Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in Mongolia Land‐Locked Countries Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in Mongolia – Access to the Sea Land‐Locked Countries Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports in PRC&RF - Significance for Mongolia Land‐Locked Countries CHINA • Erenhot South International Logistics Center, Erenhot • Manzhouli New International Freight Yard, Manzhouli • (altogether 17 ports, the above 2 have a direct connection with Mongolia). Dry Ports Significance for Dry Ports Significance for Land‐Locked Land‐Locked Countries Countries Nominated as Dry Ports /inland ports/ in Mongolia ALTANBULAG and ZAMYN-UUD are respectfully key parts of a wider Altanbulag and Zamyn-Uud Special Economic Zones.
    [Show full text]