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Cult.Drog. Manizales - Colombia Año 24 No ISSN: 0122-8455 (Impreso) cult.drog. Manizales - Colombia Año 24 No. 28 236 p. julio-diciembre 2019 ISSN: 2590-7840 (En línea) UNIVERSIDAD DE CALDAS Danilo Antón Giudice Geógrafo, Ph.D. ISSN: 0122-8455 (Impreso) Universidad de Montevideo ISSN: 2590-7840 (En línea) Josep María Fericgla González Fundada en 1993 Antropólogo, Ph.D. Periodicidad semestral Universidad de Barcelona Jorge Ronderos Valderrama Tiraje 300 ejemplares Sociólogo, Ph.D. Año 24 No. 28, 236 p. Universidad de Sevilla julio-diciembre, 2019 Jim A. Bauml Manizales - Colombia Biologist, P.h.D. Angeles Arboretum and hedonic Golden Rector Luis Miguel Alvarez Universidad de Caldas Ingeniero Agronómo Alejandro Ceballos Márquez Universidad de Caldas Vicerrector Académico Beatriz Acevedo Holguín Marco Tulio Jaramillo Salazar Sistemas y Gerencia, Ph.D. Vicerrectora de Investigaciones y Postgrados University of Hull Luisa Fernanda Giraldo Zuluaga Manuel Villaescuza de los Hero Vicerrectora Administrativa Psicólogo, M.Sc. Paula Andrea Chica Cortés Societat d'Etnopsicologia Aplicada i Studis Cognitius Vicerrectora de Proyección Universitaria Patricia Salazar Villegas COMITÉ TÉCNICO Decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales Juan David Giraldo Márquez Carlos Alberto Agudelo Agudelo Coordinador Comité Técnico Julián Andrés Corredor EDITOR Corrección de estilo Manuel Ignacio Moreno Ospina Mariana Velásquez Mejía y Alejandra López Getial Sociólogo, M.Sc. Asistente editorial Universidad de Caldas Silvia L. Spaggiari Correctora de abstracts COMITÉ EDITORIAL Melissa María Zuluaga Hernández Xavier Andrade Diagramación Antropólogo, Ph.D. Carlos Eduardo Tavera Pinzón FLACSO Ecuador Soporte técnico New School for Social Research Ana María Llamazares Ilustración portada: Antropóloga, Ph.D. Autor: Cristian Marín Escobar Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero Título: Imagen oficial del Festival Internacional de la Jorge Eduardo Duque Parra Diversidad Biocultural 2019 Neurociencia y Comportamiento, Ph.D. Universidad de Caldas Editado por: Matteo Politi Universidad de Caldas PhD en Química y Tecnologías de Sustancias Bioactivas Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones y Postgrados Centro Takiwasi Giorgio Samorini Indexada en EBSCO, REDIB, CLASE, ESCI, CLACSO, Etnobotánico MIAR, Index Copernicus International Universidad de Roma Acceso en línea: CONSEJO DE REDACCIÓN http://culturaydroga.ucaldas.edu.co Constantino Manuel Torres Arqueólogo, Ph.D. VENTAS, SUSCRIPCIONES Y CANJES Universidad de la Florida Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones y Postgrados Joaquín Muñoz de Mendoza Universidad de Caldas - Sede Central Antropólogo, Ph.D. Calle 65 No 26 - 10 Fundación Eduard Seler Apartado Aéreo: 275 César Enrique Moreno Baptista Teléfonos: (+6) 8781500 ext. 12222-12442 Antropólogo, Ph.D. E-mail: [email protected] Universidad de Caldas [email protected] Ana Patricia Noguera de Echeverri Manizales – Colombia Filósofa, Ph.D. Universidad Nacional de Colombia La responsabilidad de lo expresado en cada artículo es exclusiva del autor y no expresa ni compromete la posición de la revista. El contenido de esta publicación puede reproducirse citando la fuente. Publicación semestral adscrita a la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad de Caldas. Presenta artículos científicos e información de actualidad sobre investigación y desarrollo de conocimientos y experiencias referentes a las fuentes y aplicaciones culturales de enteógenos y otras sustancias psicoactivas. Acoge artículos de diversas disciplinas: sociales y humanas, naturales, médicas, artísticas, filosóficas, botánicas. Igualmente, conocimientos indígenas tradicionales. Se divulga por medio de canje y actividades académicas o de divulgación de la universidad. ISSN: 0122-8455 (Impreso) cult.drog. Manizales - Colombia Año 24 No. 28 236 p. julio-diciembre 2019 ISSN: 2590-7840 (En línea) CONTENIDO / CONTENT EDITORIAL 7 NARCOTRÁFICO, DROGAS ILÍCITAS Y SUSTITUCIÓN: LA ENCRUCIJADA DEL ACUERDO DE PAZ EDITORIAL DRUG TRAFFICKING, ILLICIT DRUGS AND SUBSTITUTION: THE CROSSROADS OF THE PEACE AGREEMENT Mariela Márquez-Quintero Manuel Ignacio Moreno-Ospina PRODUCCIÓN CIENTÍFICA E INTELECTUAL SCIENTIFIC AND INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTION PLANT BASED ASSISTED THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE USE 19 DISORDERS - PART 2. BEYOND BLURRED BOUNDARIES TERAPIA ASISTIDA POR PLANTAS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LOS TRASTORNOS POR USO DE SUSTANCIAS - PARTE 2. MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS LÍMITES BORROSOS Matteo Politi, Fabio Friso, Jacques Mabit (TRANS)FORMACIÓN DEL HABITUS Y REVOLUCIÓN CIENTÍFICA: UNA SUPERACIÓN 43 DEL PARADIGMA PROHIBICIONISTA EN EL CAMPO DE LAS DROGAS HABITUS (TRANS)FORMATION AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION: AN OVERCOMING OF THE PROHIBITIONIST PARADIGM IN THE FIELD OF DRUGS Marcos Muñoz-Robles, Claudio Rojas-Jara PLANTAS PSICOACTIVAS, FRONTERAS E (I)LEGALIDAD 62 PSYCHOACTIVE PLANTS, BORDERS AND (I)LEGALITY Natalia Rebollo-Corral COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE CANNABIS ESTADOUNIDENSE EN MÉXICO: 81 UNA CLASIFICACIÓN DE IMPORTADORES DE CANNABIS EN TIJUANA COMMERCIALIZATION OF US CANNABIS IN MEXICO: A CLASSIFICATION OF CANNABIS IMPORTERS IN TIJUANA Jaime Andrés Vinasco-Barco LA OBJETIVACIÓN DE LA REDUCCIÓN DE DAÑOS DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA 105 LLAMADA “DE LAS PERSONAS QUE USAN DE DROGAS” THE OBJECTIFICATION OF DAMAGE REDUCTION IN THE PERSPECTIVE KNOWN AS “OF PEOPLE USING DRUGS” Ramiro E. Borja-Martínez ISSN: 0122-8455 (Impreso) cult.drog. Manizales - Colombia Año 24 No. 28 236 p. julio-diciembre 2019 ISSN: 2590-7840 (En línea) PRODUCCIÓN ACADÉMICA ALREDEDOR DE LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE CULTIVOS DE 135 USO ILÍCITO EN COLOMBIA 2000-2019 ACADEMIC PRODUCTION AROUND STUDIES ON ILLICIT CROPS IN COLOMBIA 2000-2019 William Darío Chará-Ordóñez, Juliana Rodríguez-Arango AUGE Y DECADENCIA DEL NARCOTRÁFICO EN CALI: EL SICARIATO COMO FORMA 159 DE CONTROL ILEGAL THE RISE AND DECLINE OF DRUG TRAFFICKING IN CALI: THE HIRED HITMEN AS A FORM OF ILLEGAL CONTROL Ana María Betancourt-Ledezma, Alexander Castillo-Garcés HERMENÉUTICA DEL FACTOR PROTECTOR “VÍNCULO AFECTIVO”. 178 UNA VISIÓN EDUCATIVA FRENTE AL PROBLEMA DEL CONSUMO DE DROGAS ILÍCITAS: HISTORIA DE VIDA DE CINDY HERMENEUTICS OF THE PROTECTIVE FACTOR “AFFECTIVE BOND”. AN EDUCATIONAL VISION REGARDING THE PROBLEM OF ILLICIT DRUG CONSUMPTION: CINDY´S LIFE STORY Maritza-Salazar Medina, Milagro Carolina-Garcia Bolaño EVALUADORES 198 AUTORES 203 POLÍTICAS ÉTICAS 206 NORMAS EDITORIALES 214 JOURNAL ETHICS POLICY 219 EDITORIAL GUIDELINES 227 Márquez, M. y Moreno, M. I. (2019). Editorial. EDITORIAL Revista Cultura y Droga, 24 (28), 7-16. DOI: 10.17151/culdr.2019.24.28.1. Narcotráfico, drogas ilícitas y sustitución: la encrucijada del Acuerdo de Paz Uno de los grandes retos que tiene Colombia es lograr darle una solución a la problemática de las drogas ilícitas, debido al aumento de los cultivos de coca, marihuana y al consumo interno, aspectos que han incidido en la salud, la connivencia ciudadana y la seguridad. El referente del narcotráfico sin duda genera una gran cantidad de problemas que el país no ha podido superar y que cada día toman mayor fuerza dados los efectos directos y colaterales complejos que hoy guardan relación con la llamada “guerra reciclada y paz imperfecta”, afianzados en la continuidad del ELN, las disidencias de las FARC, las bandas criminales, la delincuencia común y los carteles nacionales y extranjeros de drogas que copan los espacios territoriales. En el Acuerdo de Paz, firmado entre el gobierno anterior y las FARC1 , que incluye en 10 de las 310 páginas el asunto del narcotráfico, es uno de los de mayor incidencia nacional e internacional, sin embargo hoy la situación es caótica, grave e incierta. Las dificultades surgen no solo de la encrucijada de 350 mil familias dedicadas a los cultivos ilícitos en el sur del país para acogerse a los ofrecimientos financieros del Estado y la sustitución voluntaria, sino también a la llegada de narcotraficantes mexicanos y de naciones vecinas; factores que han incidido en el crimen de líderes sociales que en total son 462 desde el 2016 hasta la fecha, según datos de la Defensoría del Pueblo. 1 24 de noviembre del 2016. 7 Si bien el acuerdo incluye el Programa Nacional Integral de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito –PNIS–, compuesto por planes integrales comunitarios y municipales de sustitución y desarrollo alternativo, de atención inmediata, y un componente familiar y comunitario, comenzar su implementación no ha sido fácil dadas las variables sociales, financieras y de seguridad que afectan este punto del acuerdo: El plan tiene como principios la construcción conjunta, participativa y concertada de regiones dedicadas a los cultivos ilícitos, el respeto y aplicación de los principios y las normas del Estado Social de Derecho y la convivencia ciudadana, la Integración a la Reforma Rural Integral, el enfoque diferencial, de género, étnico y territorial de acuerdo, con las condiciones de cada territorio y la sustitución voluntaria. (Oficina del Alto Comisionado para la Paz, 2016, p. 103) A medida que se avanza, se hacen evidentes las barreras y obstáculos para aplicar el desempeño real del programa, la hoja de ruta y los compromisos estatales adquiridos con las comunidades y regiones. Hay rezagos sistemáticos en el desarrollo de esos componentes, lo que pone en juego lo pactado entre el Estado y la insurgencia de las FARC, ahora en la legalidad. No hay que desconocer que el cultivo, la producción y comercialización de las drogas ilícitas financiaron y alimentaron el conflicto interno, que instituciones, regionales y nacional han sido permeadas por la corrupción
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