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Status of Fisheries Resources in

1. INTRODUCTION

Stung Treng is a unique province quite distinct from other Cambodian provinces in the basin. It covers of 11,092 km 2 and located in the Northeastern . It borders Lao PDR to the North, to the East, to the South, and Kratie, Preah Vihear and Kampong Thorn provinces to the West. It is divided into 5 districts comprising of 34 communes and 128 villages. There are 75,393 people with age of 18 up of which there are 17 different groups of minority. About 80%-85% of the population is Buddhists, 10% is Hindus and 5% is Christians.

The area of 16,444 ha is rice field, 3,112 ha is shifting agricultural land, 3.080 ha is additional crop land and 1,940 ha is short and long term farmlands. There are approximately 95% of the whole population are farmers, the remainder are traders. Most people in this province do farming by traditional practices. They use cows, water buffaloes as draught power, simple equipment and domestic seeds. Apart from agricultural production, farmers depend on natural resources. Sometimes, the weather causes problems for their cultivation such as flood, drought or their crops are destroyed by pests. These lead to starvation for farmers especially in 1996 and 1997.

The Mekong River flows through the province from the North to the South. It meets Sekong River in the provincial town. Besides, there are other major rivers such as Sesan, Srepok, and many smaller tributaries flow into rivers and ponds, which are scattered throughout the province. The Mekong river and its tributaries are playing very important role as breeding and spawning ground for variety of aquatic fauna, particularly, for a number of endangered fish species reside over there.

2. WETLANDS

About 30% of total Cambodia wetlands has been classified as Internationally important. Stung Treng province is one among the three important wetland sites in Cambodia.

The 37 kilometers stretch along the Mekong River from the North of Stung Treng to Lao border is categorized as a Ramsar site. This is one of three Ramsar sites designated by the Royal government. It is located in two districts, Talaboriwat and Stung Treng district, and extending 500 meters along both sides of the bank of Mekong River until the Cambodia- border. It is characterized by strong flow with numerous channels between rocky and sandy islands that are completely inundated during high water, and also higher islands that do not get inundated.

This area is abundant of flooded forest with large and medium size trees standing in the middle of the Mekong River, extending from the north of Talaboriwat district to the Cambodia-Laos border. It is a fish spawning ground of many species including Pa Se I fish.

The wetlands in Stung Treng support thousands of people with food, water, aquatic products and timber and non-timber products from its riparian and flooded forests, as well as providing and efficient medium for transport.

3. FISHERY RESOURCES

Stung Treng is rich in natural resources and lives, with more forestry, wildlife, minerals and aquatic resources than other provinces. The Mekong and Sekong Rivers meet in Strung Treng Town. There are two other rivers, Sesan and Srepork, which flow into the Mekong mainstream. Four rivers together with many streams create a good environment for fisheries and people.

The Mekong River flows through Stung Treng province from the north to the south. Differing from other provinces in the south, the rivers in stung Treng are upland rivers characterized by rocky beds and sandy Page 2 of 12

islands. There are many special natural features such as deep holes in the rivers, white water and flooded forest growing along the banks. In this area, there are a lot fish spawning and breeding grounds, with many fish species. There is a unique type of open forest growing on the sandy and rocky islands within the channels of the Mekong. These flooded forests are a very rare habitat, occurring in very few other places in Asia.

The flooded forests, although open, provide a very structured environment and may be important as refuge areas at times of high water for young fishes. The area is a rich source of food for both fish moving into the area to feed on fruits, leaves and detritus for their growth.

As a diversified ecosystem, Stung Treng province is believed to be a habitat for many fish species. It is the breeding ground and important habitat for a local fish species known as Mekongina erythrospila (Trey Pa Se I in Khmer), which is an endangered species not found in other provinces. A number of endangered fish species such as Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis), Seven-line barb (probarbus jullieni), Mekong River Dophin (Ocaella bruvirostris) and Mekong giant catfish (pangasianodon gigas) etc. It also consists of many high value fish species which has been caught from the natural water bodies. Most of the fish catch are in bigger size, they are fish breeders.

Recently, a new species of giant georama has been found in the area and it is probable that many other species occurring here have yet to be described. Approximately more than 70 species of fish are found in the area as shown in (Annex 1), at least 50 of which are of importance to the fishing industry.

About 90% of the provinces population live along the rivers and steams and rely on fish for food security and subsistence livelihoods. Fish is the major source of protein and food security for people in Stung Treng. Some fish species are spawned in Stung Treng and than migrate to the Great Lake through Tonle Sap river before returning to Stung Treng to spawn their offspring.

Every year when water level starts to come up very muddy water, particularly from June to August, there are many Billions of fish seed and eggs drifting along water current toward down stream and distributed into lakes (fishing lots) through its tributaries and also into the Great Lake through Tonle Sap river for growing out over there. Several Billions of Pangasid seeds have been legally and illegally caught, from the downstream of Mekong adjacent to border, for local grow out and export to Vietnam either.

4. IMPORTANT FISHING SITES

The main protein source and food supply in Stung Treng province is from fishery production. Most people, who live along the rivers and creeks, depend on fish for their daily food consumption. The main fishing areas are:

1. Near the Srepok bridge and in : Although there is no village there, but people go to fish during the dry season from January to June. 2. Voeun Chan and Sesan River in Sesan district: There are no people living there, however, fishermen go fishing during the dry season from October to December. 3. Srekor commune, Sesan district (Sesan River): Apart from supporting their family, local people in this area go fishing and sell to people from Ratanakiri province. They fish from January until June. 4. The confluence point between the Sekong River and Mekong River: People catch fish by using floating nets, usually done from November until January. 5. Koh Tonle Mouy, Koh Sneng commune, Thalaborivat district: People fish by using nets. In sandy areas, people use sinking nets (Uorn Prayuong in Khmer) to catch small fish. 6. Veal Ksach, Thalaborivath commune, Thalaborivath district: This area has many small fish. It is observed that people start fishing from January until June. 7. Veal Ksach, Kang Memai commune, Stung Treng district: People fish from January until June. 8. Koh Samp e ay, Koh Sampeay commune, Siem Bok district: People fish from January till June. 9. Koh Preah, Koh Preah commune, Siem Bok district: People fish from January until June. 10. O Mras, Siem Bok district: It is the biggest fishing area. People use nets and hooks to catch fish and then sell to the middlemen.

5. FISH PRODUCTION

The Project of Inventory and Management of Wetland in Cambodia has conducted a case study on family fish catch in Siem Bok district during year 2000 which has shown in the (Table) below. Page 3 of 12

Local people of Siem Bok district living along the Mekong River make up about 75-90% of the total population in the district. These people make their living by fishing. Fishing activities in the wet season from June to November are normally not so good, but in the dry season from December to May, fishermen can catch a lot fish. In the dry season they were also busy with agricultural activities.

Fish Yield Caught per Family in Siem Bok District (kg/day)

No. Village name Wet Season Dray Season

Average Very high Average Very high 1 Koh Preah 0.50 0.70 1.50 5 2 Koh Sam Peang 1 2 3 12 3 Dum Rei Phong 1 1.50 2 10 4 Smar Koh 0.70 2 2.50 7 5 Kang Dek 1.50 2.50 2 8 6 Svay 0.60 1.70 2 6.50 7 Phchul 1 2 2 10 8 Koh Chroeun 0.70 2 2.50 12 9 O Mrah 1 5 2 12 10 Thtong Khla 1 4.50 1.50 10 11 O Chrolong 0.80 3 2 10 12 Tun Saong 1 2.50 1.50 8 13 Siem Bok 1 6 2.50 10 14 O Long 0.80 5.50 2 8 15 Koh Kroch 0.70 4 1.50 8.50 16 Sre Krosang 0.50 3 1.80 7

6. CRITICAL GROUND FOR FISH SPAWNING AND MIGRATION

A case study, has been done during 1999-2000 by Fisheries Department cooperated with Project of Inventory and Management of Wetland in Cambodia, has proved that there are around 38 sites of fish spawning ground and migration rout have been found in 5 districts of Stung Treng province which listed separately in each district below:

6.1 Siempang District

1. Sekong river 2. Smong, Sekong commune. 3. Ta Ngov, Santek Pheap commune. 4. Tmar Louy, Peace commune. 5. Chay, Santek Pheap commune. 6. Lalai, Santek Pheap commune. 7. Ronoong dam and Talae dam, Santek Pheap commune. 8. Kleang, Sre Sambo commune. 9. Khampha, TmarKeo commune. 10. Cheung Heang, Tmar Keo commune.

6.2 Siem Bok District

1. O Krak, Siem Bok commune 2. O Long, Siem Bok commune. Page 4 of 12

3. Siem Bok, Siem Bok commune. 4. A river in O Mrah commune. 5. Anlung Koh Kan Tu Sork for Catlocarpio siamensis (Giant bar; Trey Kol Reang) in Koh Sampeay commune. 6. Anlung Bung Kok for Boessenmania microlepis (Small-scale croaker; Trey Proma). 7. Alung Koh Veychor for Pangasianodon hypophthyalmus (catfish; Trey Pra) in a Mrah commne. 8. Alung Veng (mix fish species) in O Mras commune. 9. Alung Phum Pchul for Boesemania microlepis (Small scale croaker; Trey Prorma) in Koh Srolai commune.

6.3 Thalaborivat District

1. O Talas, Preah Rum Kel commune. 2. O Pon, Preah Rum Kel commune. 3. O Trel for Catlocarpio siamensis (Giant barb; Trey Kol Reang), Probarbus jullieni (Seven-Iine barb; Trey Trosok), Pangasianodon gigas (Mekong giant catfish; Trey Reachh) etc. in Thalaborivath commune. 4. O Run in Thalaborivath commune 5. O Khon Hang in Koh Sneng commune. 6. O Anlung Cheurtiel, Preah Rum Kel commune. 7. Ramsar site (Northern reach of the Mekong River in Stung Treng). 8. Anlung Voen Kong in Thalaborivath commune. 9. Anlung Svay in Thalaborivath commune. 10. Anlung Kambao 70m deep for Pangasianodon gigas (Mekong giant catfish; Trey Reachh) in Koh Sneng commune.

6.4 Stung Treng District

1. The Mekong River in Koh Khon Din village 2. Sekong River in Hang Kho Ban village. 3. O Speen Srepur.

6.5 Sesan District

1. Sesan River in Srekor village. 2. Sekong River in Sdao village 3. Srepok River in Kbal Romeas commune. 4. O So in Kbal Romeas commune. 5. O Krala Pus in Svay Rieng village. 6. O Anchanh in Ksach Tmey village.

7. PROTECTED AREAS FOR FISH SPAWNING

Stung Treng province has been considered as an important place for fish breeding and spawning grounds because there are several deep pools along the rivers, clear water and areas of flooded forest. The Fisheries Department has divided protected spawning areas into two parts:

7.1 O or Creek

O (in Khmer) or creeks are tributaries of rivers which are good places for fish breeding and spawning during the wet season mainly from May to September every year. The main creeks are:

1. O Talas in Preah Rumkel commune, Thalaborivath district. 2. O Khampha in Thokeo commune, Siempang district. 3. O Smong in Sekong commune, Siempang district. 4. O Kleang in Siempang district 5. O So in Kbal Romeas commune, Sesan district. 6. O Anchanh in Talat commune, Sesan district. 7. Siem Bok in Siem Bok commune, Siem Bok district. 8. O Krak in Siem Bok commune, Siem Bok district.

7.2 Rivers Page 5 of 12

Among the four rivers in Stung Treng province, in the Mekong River, there are some big deep pools with clear water, rocks, holes and flooded forest that provide good places for fish to escape/hide themselves during the dry season and spawn during the rainy season such as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (catfish; Trey Pra) and mirrhimls microlepis (small scale mud carp; Trey Praul). These areas are: a. Ramsar site

This area is rich in flooded forest, for example, Omelina Asiatica (Daem Agn Chagn in Khmer), Hydnocarpus Anthelminthica (Daem Krorbao), and Crataeva Religiosa (Daem Tonlea) that can grow in the middle of the Mekong river and extend from the north of Thalaborivath town till the Cambodian-Lao border. It is a place for fish spawning including Mekongina erythrospila, of which provincial fishery staff with assistance from Fisheries Department's expert has been studying its biology, migration, and spawning habitats. b. Downstream of the Mekong River

From Stung Treng provincial town to Kratie border there are several deep pools in rivers that are the habitat for all fish species. Some holes are spawning sites for Probarbus jullieni (Seven-Iine barb; Trey Trosok in Khmer), Catlocarpio siamensis (Giant barb; Trey KoI Reang), Pangasianodon hypophthalinus (catfish; Trey Pra) and Boesemania microlepis (Small scale croaker; Trey Prorma). Other deep pools are spawning place for mixed fish species.

There are five potential spawning areas has been prioritized by a Workshop of Wetland Inventory and Management in Cambodia program during 1999 in Stung Treng province. These areas are:

1. O Talas in Preah Rumkel commune, Thalaborivath district. 2. O Smong in Sekong commune, Siempang district. 3. A river of O Mras commune, Siem Bok district. 4. O Khampha in Thmar Keo commune, Siempang district. 5. Ramsar site (the northern reach of the Mekong River in Stung Treng province).

7.3 Dolphin habitat

Cambodia Freshwater Dolphin known as Mekong River Dolphin or Irrawadi Dolphin (Ocaella brevirostris) is one of the world endangered mammal that is confined only in Mekong river. Recently, it has also been considered as one of the Cambodia natural wildlife heritage.

The population of this species is adequately high during 1940-70 (Tana, 1998) and has distributed throughout the main freshwater body. Two important areas were reportedly to be the greatest habitats of Dolphins throughout the year: (1) the Great Lake and (2) the rapid system of the Mekong river in Cambodia which extends from the pool of the water fall at the Cambodia-Laos bother down to Kratie town.

Freshwater Dophin population is drastically declined at the present time due to many factors. During 1998 an estimation has been made by Dr. Tyson Robect and Mr. Tana, there were around 60 individuals remaining in the Mekong river which approximately 20 are inhabited at the Cambodia-Laos border and the rest inhibited at Cambodian water of Stung Treng and Kratie provinces.

The Fisheries Department (Mr. Tana) has conducted research and education programs to be seeking for better understanding and more clearly communicate the nature of these threat and recommend appropriate step to reduce or eliminate their impacts.

There are 10 sites of Dophin habitats available in Mekong River system, in which 03 sites are located in Stung Treng and 07 sites are located in Kratie provinces.

In Stung Treng:

1. Anlung Chuerteil in Preah Rumkel commune, Thalaborivath district. 2. Around Kbal Koh Preah in Koh Preah commune, Siem Bok district. 3. Anlung Thong Kla in O Mras commune, Siem Bok district.

In Kratie:

1. Alung Kampy in Kratie district, length: 800m, width: 100m, depth: 18m Page 6 of 12

2. Alung Chroy Bate ay in Prek Prasop district, length: 500m, width: 50m, depth: 12m 3. Alung Kbal Koh Sam in Sambo district, length: 1000m, width: 100m, depth: 15m 4. Alung Kantuy Koh Rogneav in Sambo district, length: 600m, width: 100m, depth: 15m 5. Anlung Koh Pdao in Sambo district, length: 2000m, width: 40m, depth: 15-40m 6. Anlung Achen in Sambo district, length: 2000m, width: 200m, depth: 15m 7. Anlung Koh Dambang in Sambo district, length: 1000m, width: 100m

8. Practical Family Fishing Gears in Stung Treng

Generally in Stung Treng, local people always use small/family scale fishing gears to catch fish just enough supporting their families for daily consumption. The family scale fishing gears are the practical used by local people in Stung Treng province have been listed as following:

1. Gill net (Morng in Khmer) 2. Cast net (Sam Nagn) 3. Hooked long line (Santuch Ronorng) 4. Small Cylindrical Drum Trap (Lop) 5. Small Vertical Slit Trap (Sayoeun) 6. Big or Middle Vase Trap (Pong) 7. Vertical Vase Trap (Tom) 8. Fishing rod (Santouch Bang kay) 9. Drag net (Uon) 10. Oblong trap (Trou) 11. Traditional trap (Chan)

9. Flooded Forest in Stung Treng

Flooded forest is seen to grow along creeks and the middle of rivers of Stung Treng. Along the Mekong River, we observed that it grows well from the upper part of the provincial town to the Cambodian -Lao border (Ramsar site) and from Siem Bok town to Stung Treng-Kratie border. Most of this flooded forest is still in good condition.

Flooded forest along the Mekong River still remains in good condition in some places which is playing very critical role as habitat for fish spawning, breeding and feeding. According to the information from local people, some areas of flooded forests have been cleared for agricultural purposes and firewood.

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List of Flooded Forest Species Found along the Mekong River in Stung Treng province

No. Name in Khmer Scientific name Abundance 1 Reang Taek Barringtonia Acutangula Common 2 Rei Taek Homonoia Riparia Common 3 Sdey Crudia chrysantha Uncommon 4 Banla Yuon Mimosa pigra Common 5 Cha Butea frondosa Rare 6 Vor Tros Combretum trifoliatum Common 7 Russey Trey Bambusa arumdinacea Abundant 8 Phnom Pheng Hymenocardia wallichii Rare 9 Khle Cudrania cambodiana Rare 10 Kabas Trey Croton krabas Rare 11 Kdol Mimusops elengil Uncommon 12 Tun Lea Crataeva religiosa Uncommon 13 Dey Khla Gardenia sp or Angkorensis pitard Rare

14 Thloem Andoek Rare

15 Khtum Stephegyne pavirfolia or Mitragyna Rare 16 Anh Chanh Gmelina asiatica Rare

17 Tro Sek Rare

18 Tro Num Pro Phem Rare 19 Dang Keap Kdam Antidesma ghaesembilla Rare 20 Kro Bao Hydnocarpus anthelminthica Rare 21 Snay Taek Grewia sinuala Rare

Source: Project of Inventory and Management of Wetlands in Cambodia

10. Current Issues on Fisheries Resources

It is evident that Encroachment around the Great Lake areas and destruction of flooded forest are having serious impact on the existing 700 000 ha of flooded forest in Cambodia. The flooded areas are becoming smaller and the flooding times are becoming shorter. Which may cause a reduction in fish species, especially highly migratory ones. There was a rapid reduction of the flooded forest over the 1980 and 1990. The loss of the flooded forest has deteriorated the fish stock. The flooded forest, especially around the Great Lake is valuable for fish. About 50% of the flooded forest around Great Lake has been rapidly destroyed, including 90% of the flood forests has been exploited intensively in Chnok Tru in . Thus it has effected fish stock and number of species in Stung Treng either.

The fish yield has declined not just in the Great Lake, but in the breeding and spawning grounds in upstream of Kratie and Strung Treng as well. In the Mekong River system as a whole, there are more than 1200 fish species has been estimated by fisheries scientists. In those there are more than 600 species are reported to be resident in the freshwater bodies of Cambodia.

In addition, illegal fishing activities remain a great concern in the fisheries sector and still continue, especially in Kratie and Stung Treng Provinces. The materials used for illegal fishing include electro-fishing, explosive Page 8 of 12

materials, pesticide, and modern machinery fishing tools and fishing nets with small mesh size fishing net. All these practices are seriously damaged the natural stock, and it offer very bad impacts to the ecosystem and its environment.

It was reported that some local authorities, military and police have all allegedly been involved in illegal fishing activities. There are a variety of ways in which these people are involved. The military and police sometimes carry out illegal fishing directly, for instance they use grenades and TNT powder to explode the fish in the rivers, especially in Stung Treng, the military and police also used pesticide to kill fish. Illegal fishing activities are often committed with support from local authorities and gunmen.

As a remote and sparsely populated province. Strung Treng has many problems related to fisheries. Previously, the provincial fishery department expressed their difficulty in controlling fishery in the province as widespread illegal activity took place. Most of the illegal fishing activities taking place are guarded by gunmen including police and military. In contravention of the kret (decrees) and prakas (declarations) which have been issued to stop these activities.

As a case in Stung Treng, for instance, O'Talas and O'Kleang are the most abundant of fish among other streams in the province. It was reported that these two steams were completely sold and blocked off by private companies for fishing. The most conflict has occurred around O'Talas, which covers a fishing community supported by the local NGO known as Culture and Environment Preservation Association (CEPA) and the Ramsar site. Some of their streams are located in the fishery communities by the NGO namely Community Aid Abroad (CAA).

However, these illegal activities such as using illegal fishing gears and collection offish seeds, during early rainy season (June -August), has been decreased after issuing a Prokas No. 02 of the Cambodian Royal Government on May 10, 1999 on "Management and Elimination of Anarchy Fishing Activities". This action has been carried out effectively by the cooperation of Fisheries Department with Policemen to control and protect the fisheries resources in the water system a whole Cambodia, particularly around the Great Lake and lower Mekong systems.

11. COMMUNITY FISHERIES

There are some local GNO such as Community Aid Abroad (CAA), Culture and Environment Preservation Association (CEPA), and Partnership for Development (PFD), has organized different community fisheries for the management, protection and conservation of community pools in the critical fishing villages in the upper part of Mekong region in Kratie and Stung Treng provinces. Those places which are considered important as fish spawning grounds and in the migration of the freshwater Dolphin, Pangasids and a number of other endangered fish species and also high value species. The project has been participated by local fishers around the target areas and has shown very good result.

The local NGOs has anticipated that fishing concessions in Strung Treng have had a negative impact on both government and local people, as they were operated in an illegal way. By comparison, a recent effort to establish community fisheries is achieving positive results, and this concept seems to be workable in combating illegal fishing and protecting the fishery resources. The experiences of CAA have shown that since 17 community fisheries were established with the support of CAA in Strung Treng province, 60% of the illegal fishing activities have declined.

Although the community consists of many individuals, the rules and regulation of the fishery community and peer group pressure tie them together. This contributes to the management by the provincial fishery department. The communities have a long-term commitment and feel ownership over the resources.

12. FISHERIES DEPARTMENT POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

12.1. National Policy

Fisheries Department has set up national policy which base mainly on current socio-economic development plan for the year 2001-2005. The national fisheries policies aim: Page 9 of 12

1. to improve fisheries products to supply sufficient foodstuff for home consumption and promote export to contribute to the national budget. 2. to manage, conserve, protect, develop and utilize sustainable fisheries resources. 3. to emphasize on inland aquaculture in rural areas as a means of protein supply and supplementing existing levels and forms of production.

12.2. Development Objectives and Strategies

In general, the Department of Fisheries set up the development objectives as following:

 to supply enough food to all Cambodian;  to protect and conserve the nature fisheries resources for sustainable use and for the generation of income;  to revise the existing fisheries law;  to improve the management of capture fisheries;  to develop the inland and marine aquaculture sectors;  to involve local people to participate in the fisheries management, conservation and development;  to develop fish processing, handling and marketing technologies;  to develop scientific research and extension on fisheries.

13. PROVINCIAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN

As Stung Treng is one of the remote province with poor infrastructure and less income from various sectors, but it is rich in natural resources, the provincial authority set up development plans in order to upgrade the living standard of local people.

According to the information from the provincial authority, development plans of the province as following:

1. The study of construction of Hydro power along Sesan, Sekong rivers and Nam Thoeun. 2. Creation of tourist resorts along the Mekong river, water fall and in the National Park. 3. Building a national road that links Stung Treng to Lao PDR passing through some important wildlife habitats and wetlands. 4. Building a big market on the Cambodian-Lao border. 5. Settling new villages near the Lao border. 6. Expand agriculture land for medium and large scale crop cultivation, particularly coffee, peanut productions and some other fruit crop. 7. Preservation of natural resources and retains traditional culture to attract local and international tourists. 8. Promote small and medium scale of handicraft enterprises for local use and export.

14. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF SOME PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

In Stung Treng like other provinces in Cambodia, development is a major obligation of the Government and provincial authority. However, development will not provide only positive outputs and consequences will occur in the future. So every plan needs to be studied in detail before being implemented. Each plan should be balanced between development and the remaining resources. Examples below show impacts on natural resources:

 Expanding farmland leads to impact on flooded forest which is the spawning ground for fish.  Construction of hydro-power dams will lead to impacts on fish migration, notably on endangered species including Mekong River Dolphin or lrrawadi Dolphin (Ocaella brevirostris), Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis) and Trey Pa Se-l (in Khmer) (Mekongina erthrospila) and so on.

15. CONCLUSION

Stung Treng is province that supports good condition for fish habitats and their breeding and spawning grounds for many fish species including some important endangered species such as Mekong River Dolphin or Irrawadi Page 10 of 12

Dolphin (Ocaella brevirostris), Trey Pa Se-I (Mekongina erthrospila), and Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus).

Illegal fishing activities remain a great concern in the fisheries sector and still continue, especially in Kartie and stung Treng Provinces. The materials used for illegal fishing include electro-fishing, explosive materials, pesticide, and modern machinery fishing tools and fishing nets with small mesh size fishing net. All these un- appropriate practices are seriously damaged to the natural stock and impact to the ecological system and its environment.

Therefore, Department of Fisheries have to cooperate with some local GNOs such as Community Aid Abroad (CAA), Culture and Environment Preservation Association (CEPA), and Partnership for Development (PFD), to provide education and extension program and to organize different community fisheries for the appropriate management, protection and conservation of community pools in the critical fishing villages in the upper part of Mekong region in Kratie and Stung Treng provinces.

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Table 1: Fish Species Were Caught by Local People in Siem Bok District, Stung Treng Province

No. Name in Khmer Scientific name English name 1 Trey Kolreang Catlocarpio siamensis Giant barb 2 Trey Trosok Probarbus jullieni Seven-line barb 3 Trey Dumrei Oxyeleotris marmorata Marbled sleeper 4 Trey Ros Channa striata Chevron snakehead

5 Trey Pasi I Mekongina erythrospila

6 Trey Pavamukmuoy Labeo erythropterus

7 Trey Pavamukpy Bangana behri

8 Trey Klanghay Belodontichys dinema Twisted jaw sheathish 9 Trey Romeas Osphronemus exodon Elephant ear gourami 10 Trey Chhdao Chanma micropeltes Giant snakehead 11 Trey Sanday Wallago attu Great white sheatfish 12 Trey Chhkaok Cyclocheilichthys enoplos Soldier river barb 13 Trey Prolung Leptobarbus hoeveni Mad barb 14 Trey Pruol Cirrhinus microlepis Small scale mud carp 15 Trey Khchoeng Macrognathus maculatus Frecklefin eel 16 Trey Kray Chitala ornata Clown featherback 17 Trey Krum Osteochilus melanopleurus Greater bony lipped barb 18 Trey Kaek Morulius chrysophekadion Black sharkminnow

19 Trey Pra Pangasius djambal 20 Trey Pou Pangasiu larnaudiei Black ear

21 Trey Andeng Tonle Plotosus lineatus

22 Trey Chhlang Mystus nemurus Yellow mystus

23 Trey Kanchu Mystus singaringan

24 trey Proma Boesemania microlepis Smallscale croaker 25 Trey Pream Eleuthronema tetradactvlum Fourfinger threadfin 26 Trey Chro Keng Puntioplites proctozysron Smith barb 27 Trey Kes Micronema apogon Common sheatfish 28 Trey Khmann Hampala dispar Eye-spot barb

29 Trey Khya Mystus wyckiodes

30 Trey Tanel Mystus filamentus Truncated estuarine catfish 31 Trey Chektum Bagrichthys macropterus False black lancer catfish 32 Trey Kahe Barbodes altus Red tail tinfoul bard

33 Trey Srokdam Cyclocheilichthys repasson

34 Trey Lolorkspr Osteochilus schlegeli

35 Trey Ta on Ompok hypophthalmus Whisker sheatfish 36 Trey Kranh Anabas testudineus Climbing perch 37 Trey Kantrop Helostoma temmincki Kissing gourami Page 12 of 12

38 Trey Kantrong preng Parambassis wolffi Duskyfin glassy perchlet 39 Trey Kam pleanh plue Trichogaster microlepis Moonlight gourami 40 Trey Ka Uk Arius caelatus Engraved sea catfish 41 Trey Kapeat Scleropages formosus Malayan bonytongue

42 Trey Ach kok Dangila spilopleura 43 Trey Kanchanh chrah Pseudambassis notatus Siamese glassfish 44 Trey Kanchrouk Botia beauforti Chameleon botia 45 Trey Ptong Dermogenys pusilla Wrestling half-beak 46 Trey Chang va Rasbora myersi Silver rasbora 47 Trey Chang va ronong Aplocheilus panchak Blue panchax 48 Trey Chang va pleang Esomus metallicus Striped flying barb 49 Trey Chang va moul Rasbora aurotaenia Pale rasbora

50 Trey Sloek russey Longiculter siahi

51 Trey Chhveat Pangasius macronema

52 Trey Ke Pangasius conchophilus

53 Trey Chhpin Hypsibarbus maldolmi Goldfin tinfoil barb 54 Trey Kros Osteochilus microceohalus Bonylip barb 55 Trey Khla Datnioides microlepis Finescale tigerfish 56 Trey Phka kor Cirrhinus molitorella Mud carp 57 Trey Amil tum Systomus orphoides Red cheek barb 58 Trey Kro Mom Ompok bimaculatus Butter catfish

59 Trey Stuok Wallago leeri

60 Trey Bang Kuoy Luciosoma bleekeri

61 Trey Khsan Glossogobius aureus Golden tank goby 62 Trey Krobei Bagarius bagarius Dwarf goonch 63 Trey Kam pot Carinotetradon lorteti Redeye puffer 64 Trey Andarth chhke Carinotetraodon lorteti Mekong blind sole 65 Trey Slat Typhlachirus elongatus Bronze featherback

66 Trey Bobel Amphotistius imbricatus

67 Trey Kambut chro mus Amblyrhynchichthys truncatus

68 Trey Linh Thynnichthys thvnnoides White lady carp

69 Trey Real Henicorhynchus caudimaculatus

70 Trey Real Ang Kam Henicorhynchus cryptopogon

71 Trey Real Tup Henicorhmchus siamensis