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Forest for All Forever Centralized National Risk Assessment for Honduras FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 EN FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HONDURAS 2020 – 1 of 292 – Title: Centralized National Risk Assessment for Honduras Document reference FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 EN code: Approval body: FSC International Center: Performance and Standards Unit Date of approval: 26 February 2020 Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Performance and Standards Unit - Adenauerallee 134 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 2020 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HONDURAS 2020 – 2 of 292 – Contents Risk assessments that have been finalized for Honduras .......................................... 4 Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Honduras ................................... 5 Risk assessments ..................................................................................................... 7 Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood ........................................... 7 Overview ........................................................................................................... 7 Sources of legal timber in Honduras ................................................................ 10 Risk assessment ............................................................................................. 11 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 118 Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights ................................................................................................................. 125 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 125 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 125 Detailed analysis ........................................................................................... 126 Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests in which high conservation values are threatened by management activities .......................................................... 200 Overview ....................................................................................................... 200 Experts consulted .......................................................................................... 204 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 204 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 259 Information sources ....................................................................................... 260 Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use ................................................................................................... 274 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 274 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 280 Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted ........................................................................................................ 281 Risk assessment ........................................................................................... 281 Recommended control measures .................................................................. 285 Annex 1 ............................................................................................................. 285 FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HONDURAS 2020 – 3 of 292 – Risk assessments that have been finalized for Honduras Risk assessment Controlled Wood categories completed? 1 Illegally harvested wood YES 2 Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights YES Wood from forests where high conservation values are 3 YES threatened by management activities Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non- 4 YES forest use Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are 5 YES planted FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HONDURAS 2020 – 4 of 292 – Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for Honduras Indicator Risk designation (including functional scale when relevant) Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood 1.1 Specified risk 1.2 Specified risk 1.3 Specified risk 1.4 Specified risk 1.5 Specified risk 1.6 Specified risk 1.7 Specified risk 1.8 Specified risk 1.9 Specified risk 1.10 Specified risk 1.11 Specified risk 1.12 Specified risk 1.13 Specified risk 1.14 Specified risk 1.15 Specified risk 1.16 Specified risk 1.17 Specified risk 1.18 Specified risk 1.19 Specified risk 1.20 Specified risk 1.21 Specified risk Controlled wood category 2: Wood harvested in violation of traditional and human rights 2.1 Low risk 2.2 Specified risk 2.3 Specified risk Controlled wood category 3: Wood from forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities 3.0 Low risk 3.1 Specified risk 3.2 Specified risk for IFLs, Landscape Natural Protected Forest and Mesoamerican Biological Corridor Low risk for the rest of the country 3.3 Low risk for RAMSAR sites that are not natural forests (Lagoons, Marine Parks, Wetlands, Lakes) and the Meso-America Reef Specified risk for the rest of the country 3.4 Specified risk 3.5 Specified risk 3.6 Low risk for Maya Site of Copan and Garifuna territories (the North coast of Honduras from Masca Cortés to Plapaya and Gracias a Dios) Specified risk for the rest of the country FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HONDURAS 2020 – 5 of 292 – Controlled wood category 4: Wood from forests being converted to plantations or non-forest use 4.1 Specified Risk Controlled wood category 5: Wood from forests in which genetically modified trees are planted 5.1 Low risk FSC-CNRA-HN V1-0 CENTRALIZED NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR HONDURAS 2020 – 6 of 292 – Risk assessments Controlled wood category 1: Illegally harvested wood Overview Forest cover in Honduras is estimated at 5,398,137 ha, which represents 48% of the Honduran territory. Of this area, 57.5% (3,101,574.31 ha) is broadleaf forests, 36.3% (1,960,511.08 ha) coniferous forests, 5.3% (284,473.76 ha) mixed forests and 1.0% (51,578.18 ha) mangrove forests1. With respect to planted forests, by 2016 a total of 32,697.37 ha of plantations has been certified by the government in the last 12 years2. Eight natural forest categories are identified: three corresponding to broadleaf forests (humid, deciduous, and moist floodplain) which cover 27.33% of the national territory, mixed forests (broadleaf and coniferous) covering 2.54%, coniferous forests (dense and sparse) with 17.54% and mangroves with 0.47%2. The government manages the National Public Forest (Bosque Público Nacional) and regulates community-owned (ejidales) and private forests through the Institute for the Conservation of Forest, Protected Areas and Wildlife (Instituto de Conservación Forestal Áreas Protegidas y Vida Silvestre (ICF, Spanish acronym)), which is responsible, among other functions, for: approving management and operating plans; issuing felling permits, plantation certificates and CITES certificates; registering forest industries; awarding land titles in favor of the government, and others3. Other pertinent institutions in the forestry sector are: the Ministry of Energy, Natural Resources, Environment and Mines (Secretaría de Energía, Recursos Naturales, Ambiente y Minas (MIAmbiente, Spanish acronym)), which is responsible for granting environmental licenses to industries involved in processing, industrialization and the sale of timber, among other functions; the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Secretaría de Agricultura y Ganadería (SAG-OIRSA, Spanish acronym)), which issues CITES export permits and plant health certificates; Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Secretaría de Industria y Comercio) which is in charge of the industrial register (non-mandatory); Ministry of Finances (Secretaría de Finanzas (SEFIN- DEI, Spanish acronym)) which is responsible for income or revenue taxes (ISR, Spanish acronym), 15% value-added tax (IVA, Spanish acronym) and issuance of export policies; Central Bank of Honduras (Banco Central de Honduras) which is responsible for foreign currency exports and repatriation permits; the municipalities are responsible for charging taxes for standing timber, production and operating permits for
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