BODYBODY HARDWAREHARDWARE DEFINITIDEFINITIONSONS ANDAND USAGEUSAGE

Barrel Nuts: They are used with either stud-type or threaded fasteners where the other side of the panel is inaccessible. Typical applications include automotive nameplates on fenders, trunks, etc. The snaps into a pre-drilled hole and the metal tabs lock it into place. These parts are also called tubular nuts. Example: 5196

Body Bolts: Usually either a hex head or hex head Sems® with the most common thread types being USS coarse or metric regular pitch. They are used for attachment of fenders, radiators, hoods, trunks and general purpose fastening. Examples: 12336, 13614

Bumper Bolts: Used to attach bumpers. They have either a USS coarse or metric regular pitch thread. Bumper bolts are usually zinc plated with a stainless steel capped head. Example: 5242

Cable Straps (Releasable): Made of either natural or black nylon. Used to bundle wires or harnesses. 14298 features a releasable tab that allows you to loosen or tighten the strap as needed. Example: 14298

Door Hinge Pins & Bushings: Components of the vehicle's door hinge assembly. Pins are made of steel or stainless steel. The bushings are made of bronze. The critical dimensions of the pins are the length, the diameter and the shoulder diameter (if applicable). The critical dimensions of the bushings are the inside diameter and the outside diameter. Some bushings have a splined outside diameter. Examples: 19424 (pin), 14550 (bushing), 14553 (bushing)

Door Lock Rod Clip: Used to attach the door lock rod to the door lock cylinder. The clips are made of either steel or nylon. Example: 15518 Door & Window Crank Handle Retaining Clip: Usually made of copper plated spring steel, they are used to attach interior door and window crank handles. Example: 2288

Double End Drill Bits: For drilling holes for rivets or removing rivets. The double end feature gives you twice the "life" of the bit. Example: 12676

Extruded "U" Nuts: Used on the edge of a panel so that the throat of the nut lines up with a hole in the panel. They allow for a certain degree of alignment before installation. The multi-thread feature gives it more strength and retention than a regular single thread "U" or "J" nut. They have either a USS coarse thread or metric regular pitch thread. Extruded "U" nuts are used with body bolts on door panels, hood hinges, fenders, radiators and for general purpose fastening. Example: 12669

Flat Nuts: Made of spring steel and used where the other side of the panel is easy to reach. They can be for either stud type or threaded fasteners. They are used throughout the car under the dashboard, in door panels, trunk area, fenders, etc. Example: 2099

Free Spinning Washer Nuts: A hex nut with a captive free spinning washer. As the nut is tightened against a surface, a "wedging action" is produced to create a tight friction locking action. Some nuts may have grounding "teeth" on the underside of the washer. These nuts are available in both standard USS coarse and SAE fine thread as well as metric regular pitch. They are used with body bolts. Examples: 12595, 15329

Headlight Adjusting Assemblies: Two assemblies are usually required for each vehicle headlight. One assembly controls the vertical aiming and the other controls the horizontal aiming. Example: 11243

Headlight Component Retaining Clip: Used in the retention of Ford vehicle headlight components starting in 1989. Example: 15940 Hex Flange Nuts: A standard hex nut with a "washer" permanently attached. Provides for greater retention than a standard hex nut because of the larger load bearing area. Example: 11644

Hood Adjusting Bolt & Bumper: A threaded steel bolt with a "captive" rubber bumper head. The bolt into the vehicle body and the rubber bumper portion softens the impact when the vehicle hood is closed. Example: 4474

"J" Nuts: Shaped like the letter "J". They are used the same as extruded "U" nuts -on the edge of a panel. Depending upon the thread size, they can be used with tapping screws or body bolts in instrument panels, under the hood for light-duty applications and door panels. Example: 5586

Jack Nuts®: For attaching outside rear view mirrors, roof racks, etc. They are installed into the sheet metal and then as a bolt is tightened, the body of the jack nut collapses to form legs which grip the inside of the sheet metal. An economical Jack Nut® installation tool (Auveco # 14157) is available for installing multiple nuts in a short period of time. Sometimes they have a plastisol sealer around the exposed part to form a water-tight seal. Examples: 12995, 13016

License Plate Screws: Used to attach license plates. Can have either a tapping screw thread or a machine screw thread. Made of either steel (plated) or nylon. Examples: 9603, 11369, 16421, 14473, 18769, 15170

Miscellaneous (Grille, Fascias, etc.) Fasteners: Usually made of steel and plated. There are numerous types of these fasteners that are used to attach radiator grilles, fascias, garnish moulding, etc. Examples: 18262, 19339

Moulding Clips: Used for attaching mouldings on doors, quarter panels, trunks, etc. They are made of nylon and are sometimes attached with a rivet or with a special tapping screw. Examples: 14642, 20391, 19115, 19415 Nylon Nuts: Used with metal tapping screws throughout the car (interior & exterior) for attachment. As a tapping screw is installed, it cuts its own thread and spreads the bottom part of the nut apart thus securing it in place. Nylon nuts can be found in door panels, headlight/front-end applications, license plate brackets, arm rests, instrument panels and many other areas. Examples: 11719, 13932

Push-On Retainers: A spring steel fastener that is pushed onto a non-threaded stud to grip it firmly. Example: 8865

Push-Type Retainers: They work by pushing in the center pin which spreads the prongs. They are used for retaining bumper guards, various fascia, splash shields, shrouds, etc. While they are designed to be reusable, they are made of nylon and are usually destroyed in a collision. They are sometimes referred to as rivet retainers or drive-type retainers. Examples: 16858, 17216, 12567

Plug Buttons: Made of black polyethylene. They are used to plug holes in body panels. Examples: 9288, 11746

Pushnut Bolt Retainers: A spring steel fastener that is pushed onto a screw or bolt to temporarily hold it in place until final assembly. They slide down smoothly on either fine, coarse or regular pitch threads and hold firmly at any point. Example: 12127

Retaining Clips: Used for retaining door panels, interior trim, hood insulation, weatherstrip, splash guards, headliners and various fascia. Although OEM interior retainers come in a large variety of colors, the aftermarket parts are usually black or natural nylon. The body shop paints them to match the application as needed. There are several different variations of design. These parts are usually destroyed when removed. Examples: 18114, 18297

Reveal Moulding Clips: Used for attaching reveal moulding around windshields, back and side windows. Clips are held in place with a tapping screw, stud or rivet. The moulding snaps onto the clip. Examples: 8941, 9749 Rivets: Used for attachment in many different areas. The critical dimensions are the diameter of the rivet body and the grip range or panel thickness. There's no way to determine what the grip range is by measuring the rivet. That's an engineered specification that has to be given. Rivets can be made of steel, stainless steel, aluminum or nylon (usually black). The mandrel is the part that breaks off when the rivet is installed. Examples: 8931, 16837, 16864, 17410, 13750

Rubber Caps: Made of special heat resistant EPDM rubber. Used for capping lines and hoses when testing carburetors, emission control systems, vacuum lines, etc. and to cover exposed threads. Examples: 12907, 12908

Screw Grommets: A variation of the nylon nut. They are used with metal tapping screws throughout the vehicle (interior and exterior). They're installed in a pre-punched hole or slot in sheet metal. The tapping screw cuts it own thread as it's installed. They are mostly found in Japanese cars. Examples: 14695, 14267

Sems®: A screw/bolt with a free spinning washer attached to it. As the screw is tightened a "wedging action" is produced to create a tight friction locking action. The Sems® feature is found on both body bolts and tapping screws. Example: 10823

Shims: Made of low carbon, non-heat-treated steel. They are used for wheel alignment as well as spacers in the alignment of hoods, panels, etc. The critical dimensions are the thickness (1/64", 1/32", 1/16", 1/8") and the slot width. Example: 3155

Speed Nut: A term for a variety of types of nuts. Refer to flat nuts, barrel nuts, "U" nuts, "J" nuts, tubular nuts and extruded "U" nuts. Spin Lock Nuts: A hex with serrations under the flange for locking purposes. The serrations or grooves dig into the bearing surface during final tightening. They are used with body bolts. Example: 16769

Tapping or Trim Screws: Generally used for retention of interior and exterior mouldings, trim, dash panels, etc. Can be used with nylon nuts, screw grommets or installed directly into sheet metal. They cut or form a thread when driven into a preformed hole. There are many varieties available- Phillips flat top washer head, pan head, Phillips oval head, hex head, hex washer head, etc. You can have Phillips oval head screws with undersize heads such as a #8 screw with a #6 head. Such a screw is used where the original fastener was a #6 screw but now needs to be replaced with a #8 screw yet the application still requires a #6 head. Examples: 2710, 2365, 2772, 9615, 12214, 20259, 15373

Teks®: A screw with a drill point that drills its own hole as it is installed. Most Auveco Teks® screws have a #2 point which is recommended for material up to .110" thick. The higher the drill point number, the thicker the material it can drill through. Once the metal is penetrated, the Teks® fastener functions as a conventional tapping screw. Example: 15172

Thread Cutting Nuts: A flanged type fastener nut with a hex drive that cuts its own thread when installed on a mild steel, brass, aluminum or plastic stud. Because of their prevailing torque, they provide excellent vibration resistance. They can be found on instrument panels, trunk area, fenders, door panels, etc. Example: 2896

Torx®: A drive system on screws and bolts that features six points. Can be either an internal or external Torx®. The Torx® system is a more positive drive system than a Phillips or slotted.

Trim Panel Clips & Fasteners: Can be made of metal or nylon. Used for retaining door and interior trim panels. The head of the fastener slides into a slit in the trim panel and then the fastener stem is pushed into a hole in the sheet metal. These parts are often damaged when removed. Examples: 11863, 12134 Tubular Nuts: They are used with either stud-type or threaded fasteners where the other side of the panel is inaccessible. Typical applications include automotive nameplates on fenders, trunks, etc. The nut snaps into a pre-drilled hole and the metal tabs lock it into place. They are also called barrel nuts. Example: 5196

"U" Nuts: Used the same as extruded "U" nuts - on the edge of a panel - but do not posses the same "retention power" due to the lack of the extruded feature. Depending upon the thread size, can be used with tapping screws or body bolts in door panels, under the dash and light duty under the hood applications. Examples: 2293, 10065

Universal Moulding Fasteners: A universal type of fastener for attaching older style mouldings that have lips or curls on the underside. The spring steel arm provides the tension holding the moulding strip. With the perforated plate type, you can break off the plate at 1/16" intervals to fit the moulding. You need to be able to access the back of the panel so you can install a hex nut. Examples: 2619, 19378

Washer Head: A screw/bolt with the washer permanently attached to it. Also called flanged head. The washer head eliminates the need for a separate washer while increasing the load bearing area of the head. Used under the hood, on fenders, doors, front end applications, etc. Example: 12336

Washer Lock Nuts: Integral washers on these fasteners span slots or clearance holes. The spring locking action and the resilience of the washer provides a firm fastening when assembled with a screw or bolt. They are used in instrument panels, doors, trunks, etc. Example: 2557 Well Nuts®: Primarily used to attach luggage racks but ideal for many other applications. Consists of a flanged neoprene rubber bushing with a brass machine nut molded into one end. Tightening a conventional machine screw threaded in the brass nut causes the insert to expand, making a secure fastening. Example: 13010

Wire Loom Clips: Used to hold wire loom (split flexible tubing) in place on underhood applications. Example: 14546

"Xmas Tree" Retainers: Used for retaining door panels, interior trim, hood insulation, weatherstrip, splash guards, headliners and various fascia. Although OEM interior retainers come in a large variety of colors, the aftermarket parts are usually black or natural nylon. The body shop paints them to match the application as needed. There are several different variations of design. The multi-head type twists into a slit on the trim panel and then the stem gets popped into a hole in the sheet metal. These parts are usually destroyed when removed. Examples: 15414, 12565, 12992, 11796, 17004, 17339 FASTENERFASTENER DEFINITIONDEFINITIONSS

Alloy Steel: A steel containing elements other than carbon which have been added to obtain definite mechanical or physical properties, such as higher strength at elevated temperatures, toughness, etc.

Bearing Surface: The supporting or locating surface of a fastener with respect to the part which it fastens (mates). The loading of a fastener is usually through the bearing surface.

Blind Rivet: A rivet designed for use where only one side of the work is accessible.

Body: The body of a threaded fastener is the unthreaded portion of the shank.

Body Diameter: The diameter of the body of a threaded fastener.

Bolt: A headed and externally threaded mechanical device designed for insertion through an oversized hole and mated with a nut. Carbon Steel: A steel which does not contain any substantial amounts of alloying materials other than carbon.

Case Hardened: A case hardened fastener is a fastener of ferrous material having a surface which has been made harder than the core.

Coating: The application of some material such as a metal, organic compound, etc. to the surface of a fastener.

Electro-Galvanizing: The process of coating metal with zinc by electroplating.

Elongation: Longitudinal stretching of a fastener caused by a tensile load due either to tightening or to the external load.

Endurance Limit: The maximum stress that a fastener can withstand without failure for a specified number of stress cycles. (Also called Fatigue Limit.)

Fastener: A mechanical device for holding two or more bodies in definite positions with respect to each other.

Fatigue Strength: Under variations in applied stress a fastener stretches internally which can cause rupture after a specific number of cycles. The number of cycles to failure for a specific load is the fatigue life of the screw. In rigid assemblies preloading above the external load should eliminate fatigue failure.

Ferrous: Relating to or containing iron.

Finish: The term finish is commonly applied to the condition of the surface of a fastener as a result of chemical or organic treatment subsequent to fabrication. The term finish is also applied to some type of fasteners to indicate the condition of the surface as a result of mechanical operations and the degree of precision.

Galvanizing: The process of coating metal with zinc by hot dipping.

Grip: In general, the grip of a fastener is the thickness of material or parts which the fastener is designed to secure when assembled.

Head: The head of a fastener is the enlarged shape preformed on one end of a headed fastener to provide a bearing surface. Types of Heads:

Binding Head: The binding head has a rounded top surface, slightly tapered side surface and a flat bearing surface, a portion of which is sometimes undercut adjacent to the shank.

Button Head: A button head as applied to threaded fasteners has a low rounded top surface with a large flat bearing surface.

Fillister Head: The fillister head has a rounded top surface, cylindrical side surface and a flat bearing surface.

Flat Fillister Head: The flat fillister head has a flat top surface, cylindrical side surface and a flat bearing surface.

Flat Head: The flat head has a flat top surface and a conical bearing surface with head angles of nominally 82 degrees or 100 degrees.

Flat Trim Head: The flat trim head has a smaller head diameter and lower head height than the standard flat head.

Flat Undercut Head: The flat undercut head is basically the same as the standard 82 degrees flat head except it is undercut to 70 per cent of the basic head height.

Hexagon Head: The hexagon head has a flat or indented top surface, six flat sides, and a flat bearing surface. Types of Heads (Continued):

Hexagon Washer Head: The hexagon washer head is a washer head upon which a hexagon head is formed.

Oval Head: The oval head has a rounded top surface and a conical bearing surface with head angle of nominally 82 degrees.

Oval Trim Head: The oval trim head has a smaller head diameter and lower head height than the standard oval head with a controlled radius at the junction of the top and the conical bearing surface.

Pan Head: The pan head has a flat bearing surface and a flat top surface rounding into a cylindrical side surface. On recessed pan heads, the top surface is semi-elliptical, rounding into a cylindrical side surface.

Recessed Head: A recessed head is a head having a specially formed indentation or recess centered in its top surface. Two common forms or recessed heads are the “Cross Recess” and “Clutch Recess.”

Round Countersunk Head: The round countersunk head is a circular head having a flat top surface and conical bearing surface.

Round Head: The round head has a semi-elliptical top surface and a flat bearing surface. Types of Heads (Continued):

Round Washer Head: The round washer head is a washer head upon which a round head is formed.

Slotted Head: A slotted head is a head having a slot centered across its top surface.

Socket Head: The socket head has a flat chamfered top surface with smooth or knurled cylindrical side surface and a flat bearing surface. A hexagon or spline (formerly known as “fluted”) socket is usually formed in the center of the top surface.

Truss Head: The truss head has a low rounded top surface with a flat bearing surface. For a given screw size, the diameter of the truss head is larger than the diameter of the corresponding round head. It is sometimes called “Oven Head” or “Stove Head”.

Washer Head: A washer head is a head having a circular collar with a large flat bearing surface upon which various other head styles are integrally superimposed.

Head Diameter: The diameter at the largest periphery of the head.

Head Height: For a flat bearing surface head, the head height is the overall distance, measured parallel to the fastener axis, from the extreme top to the bearing surface. For a conical bearing surface head, the head height is the overall distance, measured in a line parallel to the fastener axis, from the extreme top to the intersection of the bearing surface with the extended thread major diameter cylinder on a threaded fastener or with the shank on an unthreaded fastener. For flat and oval undercut heads, it is the distance measured to the intersection of the bearing surface with the undercut. For oval heads and undercut oval heads, the overall distance is referred to as total head height. For head height see figures. Head Width: The distance across opposite flats of hexagon, square, or twelve-point heads measured in a plane perpendicular to the fastener axis. For rectangular or irregular shaped heads, the head width is the distance along the narrowest axis of the head measured in a like manner.

Hex (Hexagon): A polygon of six angles and six sides.

High Strength Fastener: A fastener having high tensile and shear strengths attained through combinations of materials, work hardening, and heat treatment.

Length: The length of a headed fastener is the distance from the intersection of the largest diameter of the head with the bearing surface to the extreme point, measured in a line parallel to the axis of the fastener. Exceptions: The length of a shoulder screw and a socket head shoulder screw is the length of the shoulder. The length of a flat top countersunk head tubular rivet (with chamfered top) is measured from the intersection of the bearing surface with the shank diameter to the extreme point. The length of a headless fastener is the distance from one extreme point to the other, measured in a line parallel to the axis of the fastener.

Non-Ferrous Metal: Metals or alloys without an appreciable amount of iron. Examples are aluminum, brass, copper, etc.

Nut Thickness: The overall distance from the top of the nut to the bearing surface, measured parallel to the axis of the nut.

Nut Width and Length: The distance across opposite flats of hexagon, square or twelve-point nuts. See figure for width and length of rectangular nuts.

Pin: A straight cylindrical or tapered fastener, with or without a head, designed to perform a semi-permanent attaching or locating function.

Pitch: The distance; measured parallel to fastener axis, between corresponding points on adjacent thread forms in the same axial plane and on the same side of the axis.

Pitch Diameter: On a straight thread, the diameter of the coaxial cylinder, the surface of which would pass through the thread profiles at such points as to make the width of the groove equal to one-half of the basic pitch. On a perfect thread this occurs at the point where the widths of the thread and groove are equal. Plain: Plain as applied to finish of fasteners is used to indicate that the fastener has had no supplementary surface treatment, such as plating, coating, etc., other than being oiled.

Plating: The application of a metallic deposit on the surface of the fastener by electrolysis, impact, or other suitable means.

Point: The point of a fastener is the configuration of the end of the shank of a headed fastener or of each end of a headless fastener. Points of fasteners fall into the general categories described and illustrated below.

Chamfer Point: A truncated cone point, the end of which is approximately flat and perpendicular to the fastener axis. These points on threaded fasteners generally have point included angles of 45 to 90 degrees and a point diameter equal to or slightly less than the minor diameter of the thread. This point is intended to facilitate entry of fasteners into holes at assembly.

Cone Point: A sharp conical point designed to perform perforating or aligning functions at assembly.

Gimlet Point: A threaded cone point usually having a point angle of 45 to 50 degrees. It is used on thread forming screws such as Type “A” tapping screws, wood screws, lag bolts, etc.

Header Point: A chamfered point normally produced during the heading operation. The screw blank is chamfered before threads are rolled. It is applied to machine screws in certain sizes and lengths.

Pinch Point: A pinch point is a short sharp cone point, usually having a point angle of 45 degrees, formed by a pinching operation. This point is normally limited to diameters of ¼ inch or smaller and is applied to metal drive screws, and Type “BP” tapping screws.

Quench Hardening: Hardening a ferrous alloy by austenitizing and then cooling rapidly enough so that some or all the austenite transforms to martensite.

Quenching: Rapid cooling. When applicable, the following more specific terms should be used; direct quenching, fog quenching, hot quenching, interrupted quenching, selective quenching, spray quenching, and time quenching.

Rivet: A headed metal fastener of malleable material used to join parts of structures and machines by inserting the shanks through the aligned hole in each piece and forming a head on the headless end by upsetting. Common head styles are as follows. Types Of Rivet Heads:

Button Head Rivet: A button head is a circular head having a hemispherical top surface and a flat bearing surface. It is sometimes called “Round Head”.

Countersunk Head Rivet: A countersunk head is a circular head having a flat top surface and a conical bearing surface with head angles that vary with the rivet type.

Rockwell Hardness Test: A measure of hardness by determining the depth of penetration of a penetrator into the specimen under certain fixed conditions of test. The penetrator may be either a steel ball or a diamond sphero-conical penetrator. The hardness number is related to the depth of indentation and the higher the number the harder the material.

Shank: That portion of a headed fastener which lies between the head and the extreme point.

Shank Diameter: The diameter of the shank of an unthreaded fastener. The diameter of the unthreaded portion of a threaded shank is termed the Body Diameter.

Shank Length: The length of shank, measured parallel to the axis of the fastener.

Shoulder: An enlarged portion of the body of a threaded fastener or shank of an unthreaded fastener.

Stainless Steel: A corrosion resistant type of alloy steel which contains a minimum of 12 per cent chromium.

Tensile Strength: Force or stress required to break a fastener when pulled in straight tension. When expressed as a force, lbs., it applies to a specific size part. Expressed as a stress, psi, means the force is applied over a specific area and is could apply to a range of sizes. For example, socket screws from No. 0 to ½ inch can withstand an applied stress of 180,000 psi.

Thread: A ridge of uniform section in the form of a helix on the external or internal surface of a cylinder. This is known as a straight or parallel thread to distinguish it from a taper thread which is formed on a cone or frustum of a cone. Types Of Threads:

Complete Thread: The length of complete thread is the length of that cross section of a threaded length having full form at both crest and root. Where there is a chamfer at the start of the thread not exceeding two pitches in length, it is included within the length of the complete thread. The thread length on the drawing shall be the gaging length or the length of threads having full form, i.e., the partial threads shall be outside or beyond the length specified. When designing threaded products, it is necessary to take cognizance of (1) such permissible length of chamfer and (2) the first two threads which by virtue of HI-LO gaging practice may exceed the product limits and which may be included within the length of complete thread. However, where the application is such as to require a minimum or maximum number, or length, of complete threads the specification shall so state. Similar specification is required for definite length of engagement.

Effective Thread: The effective (or useful) thread includes the complete thread and that portion of the incomplete thread having fully formed roots but having crests not fully formed.

Incomplete Thread: This is also known as the vanish or washout thread. On straight threads, the incomplete thread is that portion at the end having roots not fully formed by the lead or chamfer on threading tools. On taper threads, the crest at the end may also be not fully formed due to the intersection of the major cone of an external thread or the minor cone of an internal thread with the cylindrical surface of the work.

Left-Hand Thread: A thread is a left-hand thread if, when viewed axially, it winds in a counterclockwise, and receding direction. All left-hand threads are designated LH.

Right-Hand Thread: A thread is a right-hand thread if, when viewed axially, it winds in a clockwise and receding direction. All threads are right hand threads unless otherwise designated.

Total Thread: The total thread includes the complete or effective thread and the incomplete thread. Threaded Fastener: A fastener, a portion of, which has some form of screw thread.

Washer Face: A circular boss on the bearing surface of a bolt or nut.

Width Across Corners: The width across corners of hexagon, square, or rectangular shaped fasteners is the distance measured perpendicular to the axis of the fastener from the intersection of two sides to the intersection of the two opposite sides.

Width Across Flats: The width across flats of hexagon or square heads of fasteners is the distance measured perpendicular to the fastener axis across opposite sides of the fastener.

Yield Strength: This is the measure of the resistance of a material to plastic (permanent) deformation. It is usually at a point of 0.2% permanent strain.