Annual Report 2013-2014
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List of Successful Candidates
11 - LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES CONSTITUENCY WINNER PARTY Andhra Pradesh 1 Nagarkurnool Dr. Manda Jagannath INC 2 Nalgonda Gutha Sukender Reddy INC 3 Bhongir Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy INC 4 Warangal Rajaiah Siricilla INC 5 Mahabubabad P. Balram INC 6 Khammam Nama Nageswara Rao TDP 7 Aruku Kishore Chandra Suryanarayana INC Deo Vyricherla 8 Srikakulam Killi Krupa Rani INC 9 Vizianagaram Jhansi Lakshmi Botcha INC 10 Visakhapatnam Daggubati Purandeswari INC 11 Anakapalli Sabbam Hari INC 12 Kakinada M.M.Pallamraju INC 13 Amalapuram G.V.Harsha Kumar INC 14 Rajahmundry Aruna Kumar Vundavalli INC 15 Narsapuram Bapiraju Kanumuru INC 16 Eluru Kavuri Sambasiva Rao INC 17 Machilipatnam Konakalla Narayana Rao TDP 18 Vijayawada Lagadapati Raja Gopal INC 19 Guntur Rayapati Sambasiva Rao INC 20 Narasaraopet Modugula Venugopala Reddy TDP 21 Bapatla Panabaka Lakshmi INC 22 Ongole Magunta Srinivasulu Reddy INC 23 Nandyal S.P.Y.Reddy INC 24 Kurnool Kotla Jaya Surya Prakash Reddy INC 25 Anantapur Anantha Venkata Rami Reddy INC 26 Hindupur Kristappa Nimmala TDP 27 Kadapa Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy INC 28 Nellore Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy INC 29 Tirupati Chinta Mohan INC 30 Rajampet Annayyagari Sai Prathap INC 31 Chittoor Naramalli Sivaprasad TDP 32 Adilabad Rathod Ramesh TDP 33 Peddapalle Dr.G.Vivekanand INC 34 Karimnagar Ponnam Prabhakar INC 35 Nizamabad Madhu Yaskhi Goud INC 36 Zahirabad Suresh Kumar Shetkar INC 37 Medak Vijaya Shanthi .M TRS 38 Malkajgiri Sarvey Sathyanarayana INC 39 Secundrabad Anjan Kumar Yadav M INC 40 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi AIMIM 41 Chelvella Jaipal Reddy Sudini INC 1 GENERAL ELECTIONS,INDIA 2009 LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATE CONSTITUENCY WINNER PARTY Andhra Pradesh 42 Mahbubnagar K. -
Teaching Islamic Economic in Indian Madaris ♦♦♦
TEACHING ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND FINANCE AT ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN INDIA Edited by AUSAF AHMAD IFA Publications TEACHING ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND FINANCE AT ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN INDIA Papers and Proceedings of a National workshop organized by the Islamic Fiqh Academy of India, Institute of Objective Studies and the Islamic Research and Training Institute, Jeddah and held at the Hamdard Convention Center, Hamdard University, New Delhi during April 25-26, 2009 Edited by AUSAF AHMAD IFA Publications 161-F, Basement, Joga Bai, P. O. Box: 9708 Jamia Nagar, New Delhi – 110 025 Tel – 011 26983728, 26981327 E-mail: [email protected] © All Rights reserved in favour of publishers Name of the Book Teaching Islamic Economics and Finance at Islamic Schools in India: Papers, Proceedings and Documents Editor Ausaf Ahmad Pages 267 Price Rs. 200/ only Year of Publication 2010 Publishers & Distributers IFA Publications 161-F, Basement, Joga Bai, P. O. Box: 9708 Jamia Nagar, New Delhi – 110 025 Tel – 011 26983728, 26981327 E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Ml. Mufti Mohd. Zafeeruddin Miftahi Ml. Mohd. Burhanuddin Sambhali Ml. Badrul Hasan Qasmi Ml. Khalid Saifullah Rahmani Ml. Ateeq Ahmad Bastavi Ml. Mufti Mohd. Obidullah Asadi Contents Title Author Page No 1. The Beginning 1.Preface Ml. Khalid Saifullah 9 Rahmani 2.Acknowledgements Editor 11 3. An Overview Ausaf Ahmad 13 2. The Papers Teaching Islamic Economics M. Nejatullah Siddiqi 25 and Finance at Islamic Schools in India The Role of Jurisprudence of Ml. Khalid Saifullah 37 Transactions in the Education Rahmani of Islamic Economics and Finance Teaching Islamic Economics Abdul Azim Islahi 51 and Finance in Madaris : Need, Difficulties, and Solutions Teaching Islamic Economics Ausaf Ahmad 69 and Finance at Indian Madaris: Background, Need, Significance and Possibilities 3. -
Vol. XXIII No. 5 May 2021 Annual Subscription
THE FRAGRANCE OF EAST Vol. XXIII No. 5 May 2021 Annual Subscription: Rs. 250 (per copy Rs. 25) in India $ 75 (USA, UK, Asian, African and European Countries) Cheques and Drafts may please be marked to: “The Fragrance of East” and sent to, Nadwatul Ulama, P.O. Box 93, Tagore Marg. Lucknow-226007, U.P. India Out-station cheques will not be accepted. A/c 10 863 759 664 IFSC Code No. SBIN 0000 125 State Bank of India, Main Branch, Lucknow. Phone. No. : 0522 - 2740406 E-mail: [email protected] Rs. 25/- THE FRAGRANCE OF EAST, May 2021 The Fragrance of East Ramadan: A Global Season of Founder: Worship and Good Deeds Syed Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi (RAH) S. Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi All these things have made Ramadan a global season and a time of grand celebration of worship, God-remembrance, Patron: recitation of the Quran, self-restraint, and piety in which Muslims—educated and S.M. Rabey Hasani Nadwi uneducated, rich and poor, humble and privileged-participate like close friends and associates all over the world. Ramadan falls at the same time in every city and village in Advisory Board : the world. Its arrival can be noticed equally in the palaces of the rich as well as huts of the Mohd. Hamza Hasani Nadwi poor. No one can dare do its rituals differently according to his personal understanding, Shah Ebadur Rahman nor is there any scope for a disagreement in determining the number of its days. The Shamsul Haque Nadwi grandeur and beauty of Ramadan is, in fact, easily noticeable throughout the length and breadth of the Muslim world. -
List of Winning Candidated Final for 16Th
Leading/Winning State PC No PC Name Candidate Leading/Winning Party Andhra Pradesh 1 Adilabad Rathod Ramesh Telugu Desam Andhra Pradesh 2 Peddapalle Dr.G.Vivekanand Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 3 Karimnagar Ponnam Prabhakar Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 4 Nizamabad Madhu Yaskhi Goud Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 5 Zahirabad Suresh Kumar Shetkar Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 6 Medak Vijaya Shanthi .M Telangana Rashtra Samithi Andhra Pradesh 7 Malkajgiri Sarvey Sathyanarayana Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 8 Secundrabad Anjan Kumar Yadav M Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 9 Hyderabad Asaduddin Owaisi All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen Andhra Pradesh 10 Chelvella Jaipal Reddy Sudini Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 11 Mahbubnagar K. Chandrasekhar Rao Telangana Rashtra Samithi Andhra Pradesh 12 Nagarkurnool Dr. Manda Jagannath Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 13 Nalgonda Gutha Sukender Reddy Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 14 Bhongir Komatireddy Raj Gopal Reddy Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 15 Warangal Rajaiah Siricilla Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 16 Mahabubabad P. Balram Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 17 Khammam Nama Nageswara Rao Telugu Desam Kishore Chandra Suryanarayana Andhra Pradesh 18 Aruku Deo Vyricherla Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 19 Srikakulam Killi Krupa Rani Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 20 Vizianagaram Jhansi Lakshmi Botcha Indian National Congress Andhra Pradesh 21 Visakhapatnam Daggubati Purandeswari -
Former Rector, Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband
Former Rector, Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband Khatib alalal-al ---IslaIslaIslaIslamm MaMaMauMa uuullllaaaannnnaaaa MMMoMooohhhhammadammad Salim Qasmi R.A. Former Rector ofofof Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband Life Thoughts Contribution A compilation of papers presented in the “International seminar on Life and Achievements of Khatib al-Islam Maulana Mohammad Salim Qasmi R.A” Held on Sunday- Monday, 12 th -13 th August, 2018, at Darul Uloom Waqf Deoband Ḥujjat al-Isl ām Academy Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband- 247554 Khatib al-Islam Maulana Mohammad Salim Qasmi R.A. Life Thoughts Contribution 1st Edition: 2019 ISBN: 978-93-84775-11-7 © Copyright 2019 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Published & Distributed by Hujjat al-Islam Academy Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband, +91 1336 222 752 Website: www.dud.edu.in, Email: [email protected] Table of Contents I. Foreword 06 II. Report 15 III. Welcome Speech 100 IV. Chapter One: Life and Personality 106 o Maulana Salim R.A., The End of Golden Scholarly Era Mohammad Asjad Qasmi 107 o Khatib al-Islam Maulana Mohammad Salim Qasmi as a Great Speaker 1926-2018 Jaseemuddin Qasmi 129 o Maulana Mohammad Salim Qasmi: A Man of Courage and Conviction Dr. Atif Suhail Siddiqui 135 o Maulana Mohammad Salim Qasmi: Literary Style of Writing Dr. Saeed Anwar 141 o Hazrat Khatib al-Islam as a Lecturer Mohammad Javed Qasmi 152 o Hazrat Maulana Mohammad Salim Sahab Qasmi, The Orator Mohammad Asad Jalal Qasmi 162 V. -
State No Name of Constituency Selected Candidates 1 A&N Islands 1 a & N ISLANDS Kuldeep Rai Sharma 2 Andhra Pradesh 1 ANKUR - ST Ms
Sl.No State No Name of Constituency Selected Candidates 1 A&N Islands 1 A & N ISLANDS Kuldeep Rai Sharma 2 Andhra Pradesh 1 ANKUR - ST Ms. Sruthi V. Devi 3 Andhra Pradesh 2 SRIKAKULAM Dola Jaganmohan Rao 4 Andhra Pradesh 3 VIZIANAGARAM Yedla Adiraju 5 Andhra Pradesh 4 VISAKHAPATNAM Ramana Kumari Pedada 6 Andhra Pradesh 5 ANAKAPALLE Sreeram Murthy 7 Andhra Pradesh 6 KAKINADA MM Pallam Raju 8 Andhra Pradesh 7 AMALAPURAM - SC Janga Gowtham 9 Andhra Pradesh 8 RAJAHMUNDRY Nalluri Vijaya Srinivasa Rao 10 Andhra Pradesh 9 NARSAPURAM Kanumuri Bapiraju 11 Andhra Pradesh 10 ELURU Jetti Gurunadha Rao 12 Andhra Pradesh 11 MACHILIPATNAM Golu Krishna 13 Andhra Pradesh 12 VIJAYAWADA Naraharasetti Narasimha Rao 14 Andhra Pradesh 13 GUNTUR Shaik Mastan Vali 15 Andhra Pradesh 14 NARASARAOPET Pakkala Suribabu 16 Andhra Pradesh 15 BAPATLA-SC Jesudasu Seelam 17 Andhra Pradesh 16 ONGOLE Dr. Sdjm Prasad 18 Andhra Pradesh 17 NANDYAL J. Lakshmi Narasimha Yadav 19 Andhra Pradesh 18 KURNOOL Ahmed Ali Khan 20 Andhra Pradesh 19 ANANTAPUR Kuncham Rajeev Reddy 21 Andhra Pradesh 20 HINDUPUR KT Sreedhar 22 Andhra Pradesh 21 KADAPA Gundlakunta Sreeramulu 23 Andhra Pradesh 22 NELLORE Chevuru Devakumar Reddy 24 Andhra Pradesh 23 TIRUPATI - SC Chinta Mohan 25 Andhra Pradesh 24 RAJAMPET Mohd. Shahjahan Basha 26 Andhra Pradesh 25 CHITTOOR - SC Dr.Cheemala Rangappa 27 Arunachal Pradesh 1 ARUNACHAL WEST Nabam Tuki 28 Arunachal Pradesh 2 ARUNACHAL EAST James Lowangcha Wanglet 29 Assam 1 KARIMGANJ(SC) Swarup Das 30 Assam 2 SILCHAR Smt.Sushmita Dev 31 Assam 3 AUTONOMOUS (ST) Biren Singh Engti 32 Assam 4 DHUBRI Abu Taher Bepari 33 Assam 5 KOKRAJHAR(ST) Sabda Ram Rabha 34 Assam 6 BARPETA Abdul Khaleque 35 Assam 7 GAUHATI Smt. -
Alphabetical List of Recommendations Received for Padma Awards - 2014
Alphabetical List of recommendations received for Padma Awards - 2014 Sl. No. Name Recommending Authority 1. Shri Manoj Tibrewal Aakash Shri Sriprakash Jaiswal, Minister of Coal, Govt. of India. 2. Dr. (Smt.) Durga Pathak Aarti 1.Dr. Raman Singh, Chief Minister, Govt. of Chhattisgarh. 2.Shri Madhusudan Yadav, MP, Lok Sabha. 3.Shri Motilal Vora, MP, Rajya Sabha. 4.Shri Nand Kumar Saay, MP, Rajya Sabha. 5.Shri Nirmal Kumar Richhariya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. 6.Shri N.K. Richarya, Chhattisgarh. 3. Dr. Naheed Abidi Dr. Karan Singh, MP, Rajya Sabha & Padma Vibhushan awardee. 4. Dr. Thomas Abraham Shri Inder Singh, Chairman, Global Organization of People Indian Origin, USA. 5. Dr. Yash Pal Abrol Prof. M.S. Swaminathan, Padma Vibhushan awardee. 6. Shri S.K. Acharigi Self 7. Dr. Subrat Kumar Acharya Padma Award Committee. 8. Shri Achintya Kumar Acharya Self 9. Dr. Hariram Acharya Government of Rajasthan. 10. Guru Shashadhar Acharya Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India. 11. Shri Somnath Adhikary Self 12. Dr. Sunkara Venkata Adinarayana Rao Shri Ganta Srinivasa Rao, Minister for Infrastructure & Investments, Ports, Airporst & Natural Gas, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. 13. Prof. S.H. Advani Dr. S.K. Rana, Consultant Cardiologist & Physician, Kolkata. 14. Shri Vikas Agarwal Self 15. Prof. Amar Agarwal Shri M. Anandan, MP, Lok Sabha. 16. Shri Apoorv Agarwal 1.Shri Praveen Singh Aron, MP, Lok Sabha. 2.Dr. Arun Kumar Saxena, MLA, Uttar Pradesh. 17. Shri Uttam Prakash Agarwal Dr. Deepak K. Tempe, Dean, Maulana Azad Medical College. 18. Dr. Shekhar Agarwal 1.Dr. Ashok Kumar Walia, Minister of Health & Family Welfare, Higher Education & TTE, Skill Mission/Labour, Irrigation & Floods Control, Govt. -
Voices for Reform in the Indian Madrasas
Voices for Reform in the Indian Madrasas Yoginder Sikand Reforming the madrasas has today emerged as a major concern for many. Advocates of reform in the madrasas have widely different understandings of the rationale of such reform and the forms that it should assume, each reflecting their own particular agendas. This paper seeks to examine the different ways in which reform of the madrasas in contemporary India is imagined and advocated by different sections of the ‘ulama and Muslim social activists. Critics of the madrasas tend to see them in stereotypical terms, often branding all madrasas as backward and reactionary. They are routinely described by their detractors, Muslims as well as others, as conservative and illiberal. They are seen as a major burden on Muslim society, consuming much of its meager resources, and a stumbling block in the progress of the community. Much of what they teach is said to be ‘useless’ in the contemporary context, this complaint reflecting a view that ‘useful’ knowledge is that which helps equip a student to participate in the modern economy. Such critiques, while not entirely bereft of truth, appear somewhat far-fetched and exaggerated. To claim that all madrasas are static and impervious to change is grossly misleading. Madrasas today are considerably different from their counterparts in pre-colonial and colonial India, although there are significant continuities as well. As for the argument that madrasas are conservative, this is to state the obvious, for, as the madrasas generally see themselves, they are indeed the guardians of Islamic ‘orthodoxy’, regarding their principal role as the conservation of the Islamic ‘orthodox’ tradition, which, although diversely understood, historically constructed and in a constant process of elaboration, is generally seen by the ‘ulama as unchanging and fixed. -
The Madrasa in Asia: Political Activism and Transnational Linkages Noor, Farish A
www.ssoar.info The Madrasa in Asia: political activism and transnational linkages Noor, Farish A. (Ed.); Sikand, Yoginder (Ed.); Bruinessen, Martin van (Ed.) Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Sammelwerk / collection Zur Verfügung gestellt in Kooperation mit / provided in cooperation with: OAPEN (Open Access Publishing in European Networks) Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Noor, F. A., Sikand, Y., & Bruinessen, M. v. (Eds.). (2008). The Madrasa in Asia: political activism and transnational linkages (ISIM Series on Contemporary Muslim Societies, 2). Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ. Press. https://nbn- resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-271847 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Since the rise of the Taliban and Al Qaeda, the traditional Islamic The Madrasa THE MADRASA IN ASIA schools known as madrasas have frequently been portrayed as hotbeds of terrorism. For much longer, modernisers have denounced POLITICAL ACTIVISM AND madrasas as impediments to social progress, although others have praised them for their self-sufficiency and for providing ‘authentic’ TRANSNATIONAL LINKAGES grassroots education. For numerous poor Muslims in Asia, the madrasa in a still constitutes the only accessible form of education. Madrasa reform sia has been high on the political and social agendas of governments Farish A. Noor, Yoginder Sikand across Asia, but the madrasa itself remains a little understood FARISH FARISH & Martin van Bruinessen (eds.) institution. -
Meeting of the National Monitoring Committee for Minorities’ Education
MEETING OF THE NATIONAL MONITORING COMMITTEE FOR MINORITIES’ EDUCATION Date : 31.10.2013 Time : 11.00 A.M. Venue: Hall No. 4, 1st Floor, Vigyan Bhawan, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MEETING OF THE NATIONAL MONITORING COMMITTEE FOR MINORITIES EDUCATION (NMCME) 31ST OCTOBER, 2013 AT VIGYAN BHAWAN, NEW DELHI PROGRAMME TIME PROGRAMMES ITEMS Inaugural Session 11.00 am to 11.02 am Welcome Address: Sh. Ashok Thakur, Secretary (HE). 11.02 am to 11.07 am Remarks: Dr. Shashi Tharoor, Hon’ble Minister of State, MHRD. 11.07 am to 11.12 am Remarks: Shri Jitin Prasada, Hon’ble Minister of State, MHRD. 11.12 am to 11.30 am Opening Address: Dr. M.M. Palam Raju, Hon’ble Minister of Human Resource Development. 11.30 am to 11.45 am TEA BREAK Discussion on Agenda items 11.45 am to 12.00 Noon Confirmation of the Minutes of the last meeting of the NMCME held on 5.3.2012. Action Taken Report on the Minutes of the Meeting. 12.00 Noon to 12.15 pm Presentation on the recommendations of the Standing Committee and Action Taken thereon: Ms. Veena Ish, JS (ME). 12.15 pm to 12.25 pm Presentation on “Social Inclusion”: Ms. Shakila Samsu, OSD (XIIth Plan). 12.25 pm to 1.30 pm Discussion on Agenda items by Hon’ble Members. 1.30 pm to 2.15 pm LUNCH 2.25 pm to 3.15 pm Discussion on Agenda items to continue. 3.15 pm to 3.25 pm Concluding Remarks: Dr. -
Page2 Obituary.Qxd (Page 3)
THURSDAY, APRIL 25, 2019 (PAGE 4) DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU From page 1 EC seeks explanation from official for incorrect Modi protected interests of '15 5 killed, 11 injured as landslide hits mini-bus entry on complaint against PM's Balakot remark were referred to District Hospital Balwant Singh of Khara, Abdul at Piyakul and take necessary NEW DELHI, Apr 24: ed to the veer shaheed (brave selected people': Rahul Gandhi Doda for advanced treatment. Wahid, son of Nazir Ahmed of measures for improvement of the martyrs) of Pulwama (terror The Election Commission However, two injured suc- Nan (Chibba) and Kewal Kumar, same arisen due to the frequent attack)," Modi had said. LAKHIMPUR government has denied. and thus, boosting the manufac- cumbed to their injuries, taking son of Ram Singh of Piyakul. landslide, DDC Doda, Dr Sagar is examining Prime Minister One Mahendra Singh had KHERI/UNNAO, Apr 24: "Anil Ambani, who never turing sector and employment." toll to five. "Two persons and a truck D Doifode has ordered suspen- Narendra Modi's remarks urg- lodged a complaint on EC's manufactured an airplane, was The Congress chief has often ing youth to vote in the name Congress president Rahul awarded with a Rs 30,000 crore termed the Goods and Services The deceased have been iden- came under debris after landslide sion of Executive Engineer (Xen) 'National Grievances Service' Gandhi today accused Prime tified as Mudasir Ahmed, son of PWD (R&B) Special Sub of those who carried out contract, but cane farmers were Tax (GST) as the "Gabbar Singh on March 23 at same spot. -
India-2047.Pdf
َّ َّ َ َ ُ َ ّ ُ َ َ ْ َ َّ ُ َ ّ ُ َ َ ُ إِ نالل ل يغ ِي ما بِقو ٍم ح ٰت يغ ِيوا ما بِأنف ِس ِهم ۗ ...Verily Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change themselves (Holy Quran, Sura Ar-ra’d 13:11) َّ َ َ ُ َ َ ْ َّ َ َ َّ َّ َ ْ ْ َ َو ِال َين جاهدوا فِينا لَه ِد َين ُه ْم ُس ُبل ا ۚن ِإَون َالل ل َم َع ال ُمح ِسنِني And those who strive in Our cause, We will certainly guide them to Our paths. For verily Allah is with those who do right. (Holy Quran, Sura Al-’Ankabut 29:69) India 2047 Empowering the People India 2047 Empowering the People Published by Empower India Foundation G-20 A, Ground Floor, Forty Feet Road Shaheen Bagh, Abul Fazal Enclave Part II Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025 www.empowerindiafoundation.org First Published : August 2016 Revised Second Edition : August 2017 Design@mahin [email protected] www.india100years.com © Empower India Foundation Table of Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Part I BacKGROUND Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 16 1.1 Insecure and parlous .............................................................................................................................17 1.2 Twice backward ......................................................................................................................................17 1.3 Southern