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Software Management with Yum Fedora Core 3 Software Management with yum Stuart Ellis Copyright © 2005 Red Hat, Inc. and others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Abstract 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1. Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Audience ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Using This Document ................................................................................................... 2 1 Software Management with yum 1.4. Additional Resources .................................................................................................... 3 2. Software Management Concepts ............................................................................................. 3 2.1. About Packages ........................................................................................................... 3 2.2. About Repositories ....................................................................................................... 3 2.3. About Dependencies .................................................................................................... 4 2.4. Understanding Package Names .................................................................................... 4 3. Software Management Tools in Fedora Core; ........................................................................... 5 4. Updating Your System with yum .............................................................................................. 6 4.1. Automatically Updating Your System ............................................................................. 6 5. Searching for Software with yum .............................................................................................. 6 5.1. Searching by Package Name and Attributes .................................................................. 6 5.2. Advanced Searches ..................................................................................................... 7 5.3. Understanding Matches ................................................................................................ 8 6. Managing Software with yum ................................................................................................... 8 6.1. Installing New Software with yum .................................................................................. 8 6.2. Installing Software from a Package with yum ................................................................. 9 6.3. Updating Software with yum .......................................................................................... 9 6.4. Removing Software with yum ........................................................................................ 9 7. Using Other Software Repositories .......................................................................................... 9 7.1. Adding a Repository as a Package Source .................................................................. 10 7.2. Manually Authorizing Package Sources ....................................................................... 10 7.3. Understanding Repository Compatibility ....................................................................... 11 8. Maintaining yum .................................................................................................................... 11 8.1. Disabling or Removing Package Sources .................................................................... 11 8.2. Clearing the yum Caches ............................................................................................ 12 9. Managing yum Repositories ................................................................................................... 12 9.1. Creating a New Repository ......................................................................................... 13 9.2. Repository Definition Files .......................................................................................... 13 9.3. Updating a Repository ................................................................................................ 15 10. Using yum with a Proxy Server ............................................................................................ 15 Index 16 Index 17 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose This tutorial presents basic concepts of software management on Fedora; systems. It outlines the major functions of yum, the recommended software management tool for Fedora;. 1.2. Audience This tutorial is intended for Fedora; users of all experience levels. 1.3. Using This Document You may wish to read some or all of the sections, depending upon your needs and level of experience. If you are a new user, read Section 2, “Software Management Concepts” before using yum for the first time. If you are an experienced Linux user, start with Section 4, “Updating Your System with yum”. 2 Additional Resources If you have several Fedora; systems on a network, you may benefit from setting up your own software repositories to manage the process of installation and updates. Refer to Section 9, “Managing yum Repositories” for details of maintaining your own repositories. Most of the examples in this document use the package tsclient, which is included with Fedora Core;. The tsclient package provides an application for remote desktop access. If you install it successfully, you may start the application by choosing Applications → Internet → Terminal Server Client. To use the examples, substitute the name of the relevant package for tsclient. Avoid Logging in with the Root Account You do not need to log in with the root account in order to manage your Fedora Core; system. Any commands in this tutorial which require root access will prompt you for the root password. The procedures use the command su -c to provide this facility. 1.4. Additional Resources The yum utility has features and options that are not discussed in this document. Read the man pages for yum(8) and yum.conf(5) to learn more, using the following commands: man yum man yum.conf The official home page for yum on the World Wide Web is http://linux.duke.edu/projects/yum/. The official mailing list for yum users is at https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/mailman/listinfo/yum/. The archive for the yum development mailing list is at https://lists.dulug.duke.edu/pipermail/yum-devel/. 2. Software Management Concepts 2.1. About Packages Fedora; software and documentation is supplied in the form of RPM packages. Each package is a compressed archive which contains product information, program files, icons, documentation and management scripts. Management applications use these files to safely locate, install, update and remove software. For example, the Fedora; installation process uses the packages supplied with Fedora Core; to build or upgrade a system to your requirements. Packages also include a digital signature to prove their source. Software management utilities verify this digital signature with a GPG public key. The yum and rpm utilities share a common keyring which stores all public keys for the package sources approved by the system administrator. 2.2. About Repositories A repository is a directory which contains prepared files which refer to software packages. Software management utilities such as yum automatically locate and obtain the correct RPM packages for an application from these repositories. This method frees you from having to manually find and install new applications or updates. You may use a single command to update all of your system's software, or search for new software by specifying criteria. In each case, the management utility connects to the configured repositories and checks files in each one to find the correct packages. 3 Software Management with yum If you use repositories, you always receive the current version of the software. If several versions of the same package are available, your management utility automatically selects the latest version. For these reasons, you should only manually install software when you
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