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Jeremiah 31:33 and the New Covenant Law NL Odede

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Jeremiah 31:33 and the New Covenant Law NL Odede Jeremiah 31:33 and the New Covenant Law NL Odede orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-547X Dissertation accepted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Old Testament at the North-West University Supervisor: Prof Leonard Mare Co-supervisor: Dr At Lamprecht Graduation: May 2019 Student number: 25494082 DEDICATION This is for my dear Mum, Mary Odede Every effort I put into this study was not simply to achieve an academic goal, but so that one day I could write this dedication to you! You always put others first, always… This dedication is certainly not enough to express the gratitude or recognition you deserve, but it is worth a try – an attempt at putting you first for a change. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been a humbling experience to discover the vast array of noteworthy contributors to biblical theological studies across different eras, especially on the covenant theme. It is only by standing on the shoulders of these accomplished scholars that this study was possible. I am likewise indebted to: My co-supervisors, Prof Leonard Mare and Dr At Lamprecht, who, through their exceptional knowledge and understanding of the field of study, provided guidance throughout the research process and completion of this thesis. Hester Lombard, and the NWU theology library team, for the exceptional library service. Christ Seminary’s leadership, for the financial support, and allowing me time to study. My colleagues, family, and close friends, for their support and encouragement. My Mum and Dad, Mary and Cornel Odede, for embarking on this journey with me when it begun in my undergrad studies, and continuing to support, encourage, and believe in me. Let’s journey on, as the Lord leads, and wills. My wife, Rahel, for her consistent support, motivation, excitement, sacrifice, and genuine interest in the study, including spotting an oversight in one of my footnotes that had escaped many eyes. You are a worthy co-labourer. This is your achievement as much as it is mine. Above all, all glory and honour to God, the LORD who relates to His people by covenant, for His promise of the New Covenant; to Christ His Son for inaugurating the Father’s promise; and to the Holy Spirit for empowering mankind to participate in the promise. ii ABSTRACT The theological debate surrounding the identity of the New Covenant law in Jeremiah 31:33 is persistent and without resolution. Among others, two main views identify Jeremiah’s supposed law as either the Old Testament Mosaic Law (implying continuity) or the New Testament law of Christ in the Christian age (advocating for discontinuity with the old). But barely has any of the debates comprehensively explored the possibility of the reference to “My law” being metaphoric. Much study on the identity of the supposed New Covenant law has mainly been centred on etymology and interpretations drawn from the New Testament’s progressive revelation. But to note, a word derives its meaning from the context it is used. Thus our study attempted to derive the meaning of Jeremiah’s law reference from its near and surrounding context, and to specifically explore the possibility of it constituting a metaphoric rather than a literal term. This study mainly employs the historical-grammatical methodology because of its attested principles which include: divine inspiration, context, lexicography, grammatical analysis and historical-cultural background. The biblical-theological approach to interpreting the Bible is also incorporated given that covenant is one of the central themes in the grand narrative of Scripture – both Old and New Testaments. This study explores the significance and essence of the Mosaic Covenant and its Law within the ANE context; after which the necessity of the New Covenant in light of the existing old one is determined. The essence of the New Covenant (its distinguishing factor from the old) is also analysed. The New Covenant prophecy of Ezekiel, a younger contemporary of Jeremiah, will also be considered in the analysis. Parallel observations from both Jeremiah and Ezekiel will be drawn to help determine the defining factor of the New Covenant prophecy – the promise of heart transformation resulting in a restored relationship with God. This study will explore the concept of heart transformation by the power of the Spirit of God as the essence of both Jeremiah’s and Ezekiel’s New Covenant prophecies, and consider whether the reference to “My law” in Jeremiah 31:33 is a metaphor typifying the anticipated divine heart change, and not necessarily a reference to a literal law code, whether Mosaic or another type of law(s). iii OPSOMMING Die teologiese debat wat die identiteit van die Nuwe verbondswet in Jeremia 31:33 omsluit, is voortgaande en sonder oplossing. Benewens ander is daar twee hoofstroom-sienings wat Jeremia se voorgestelde wet as óf die Ou Testamentiese wet van Moses (impliseer kontinuïteit) óf die Nuwe Testamentiese wet van Christus in die Christelike era (redeneer vir die vervulling van die oue) identifiseer. Tog, in geeneen van hierdie debatte is ʼn in-diepte studie gedoen na die moontlikheid dat die verwysing na “My wet” ʼn metaforiese uitdrukking kan wees nie. 'n Aantal studies aangaande die identiteit van die voorgestelde Nuwe verbondswet het gesentreer rondom etimologie en interpretasies wat afgelei kon word van die Nuwe Testament se voortgaande openbaring. Hierteenoor is dit belangrik om op te merk dat ʼn woord se betekenis afgelei word binne die konteks waarbinne die woord gebruik word. Daarom poog hierdie studie om die betekenis van Jeremia se wet af te lei van die verwysingsraamwerk binne die woord se nabye en omliggende konteks, en om spesifiek die moontlikheid te ondersoek dat die betekenis ʼn metaforiese uitdrukking ondervang eerder as net ʼn letterlike term. Hierdie studie gebruik die histories-grammatiese metodologie omrede getoetsde beginsels aanwesig is, wat insluit: goddelike inspirasie, konteks, leksikografie, grammatikale analise en histories-kulturele agtergrond. Die bybels-teologiese beginsels om die Bybel te interpreteer is ook ingesluit omrede die verbond een van die sentrale temas in die groter narratief van die Woord, beide Ou- en Nuwe Testament, is. Hierdie studie ondersoek die belangrikheid en wese van die Verbond en Wet van Moses binne die ou Nabye Oosterse (ONO) konteks. Ook word die noodsaaklikheid van die Nuwe verbond in die lig van die bestaande Ou verbond bepaal. Die wese van die Nuwe verbond (die onderskeibare kenmerk van die Oue) is ook aan analise onderwerp. Die Nuwe verbond se profesie van Esegiël, ʼn jonger tydgenoot van Jeremia, is ook in ag geneem in die analise. Parallelle waarnemings van beide Jeremia en Esegiël is opgeteken om die bepalende faktor van die Nuwe verbond profesie te belig, nl. die belofte van ʼn hartsverandering wat uitloop op ʼn herstelde verhouding met God. Hierdie studie ondersoek die konsep waar die hart ʼn verandering ondergaan deur die krag van die Gees van God en wat geïdentifiseer kan word as die wese van beide Jeremia en Esegiël se Nuwe verbond profesieë. Die studie gee ook aandag aan óf die verwysing na “My wet” in Jeremia 31:33 ʼn metaforiese uitdrukking is wat ‘n goddelike hartsverandering veronderstel, en dat dit nie noodwendig ʼn verwysing is na die letterlike wette, hetsy Mosaïse of (ʼn) ander tipe wet(te), nie. iv KEY TERMS 1. Law 2. New Covenant law 3. New Covenant 4. Mosaic Covenant (also Old Covenant) 5. Mosaic Law (or Law of Moses, or the Law) 6. Jeremiah 31:33 7. Ezekiel 36:26-27 8. Deuteronomy 30:6 9. Spirit of God 10. Metaphor v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................................................................................................. II ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... III OPSOMMING ................................................................................................................................ IV KEY TERMS .................................................................................................................................. V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The need for the study ..................................................................................... 1 1.3 The scope of the study ..................................................................................... 4 1.4 Problem statement ........................................................................................... 4 1.5 Aims and objectives ......................................................................................... 5 1.6 Central theoretical argument ........................................................................... 5 1.7 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 6 1.8 Chapter divisions ............................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 THE THEOLOGICAL DEBATE SURROUNDING THE IDENTITY OF THE NEW COVENANT LAW ................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................
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