City of Tshwane Air Quality Monitoring Network Monthly Activity Report

PUBLIC ACCESS REPORT

Compiled by

City of Tshwane Air Quality Monitoring Network

Monthly Activity Report: November 2014

1. Executive summary

Eight ambient air monitoring stations are operated and maintained in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality by C&M Consulting Engineers on behalf of the City of Tshwane. Parameters being monitored at the various stations can be summarised as follows.

Parameter Bodibeng Booysens Ekandustria Mamelodi Olievenhout PTA Rosslyn Tshwane West Mobile PM10 * * * * * * * *

PM 2.5 * *

SO2 * * * * * * *

NO2 * * * * * * * NO * * * * * * * NOx * * * * * * *

O3 * * * * * * * CO * * * * * * * Benzene * * * * Toluene * * * * Xylene * * * * Wind Speed * * * * * * * * Wind Direction * * * * * * * * Ambient Pressure * * * * * * * * Ambient * * * * * * * * ReTemlatpeivrea Humture idity * * * * * * * * Solar Radiation * * * * * * * * Rainfall * * * * * * * *

This report presents the relevant data for the month of November 2014.

The analysis of the data from the operating stations at the COT has shown that four stations had good collection efficiency after validation except for Bodibeng, Olievenhoutbosch, Mamelodi and Tshwane Mobile.

 Bodibeng – 50.10%  Booysens – 98.73%  Ekandustria – 95.85%  Mamelodi –89.37%  Olievenhoutbosch –41.86%  Pretoria West – 97.79%  Rosslyn –99.92%  Tshwane Mobile – 77.69%

Page | 2

Two exceedences were logged for the 8-hourly averaged at the Ekandustria station. The O3 analyser was re-installed after tubing was cleaned and internal filters were cleared on the 8th of November.

The SO2 analyser was removed as the internal pump seized and the flow card also has a problem. Spikes were removed on the 11th and 28th of November as a result of maintenance carried out at the station.

At the Mamelodi station the O3 and CO analysers were removed from the station because of a power surge, all power supplies were damaged. No exceedences were logged at the Mamelodi station during this month. Spikes were removed on the 10th and 24th of November as a result of maintenance carried out at the station. The 602 was re-installed on the 24th of November. A second th Vici calibrator was used for span checks and H2 gas was changed for BTX on the 5 of November. The BTX data was removed from the 1st to 5th November and 22nd to 24th November as it was flat lining, the analyser was restarted.

Eight exceedences were logged for the O3 8-hourly average at the Pretoria West station. Spikes were removed on the 7th and 26th of November as a result of maintenance carried out at the station. The

BTX analyser is still out of the station for repairs. The PM10 analyser was out of filter tape and client was quoted. There was increase in traffic volumes in road next to the station during both maintenance visits.

Spikes were removed on the 07th and 26th November as a result of maintenance done at the Booysens station. No exceedences were logged at the station during this month. A new UPS was installed at the station and system error cleared on all analysers. The low flow of CO analyser was cleared, from 521 cc/m to 781 cc/m.

Four exceedences were logged for the O3 8-hourly averaged at Olievenhoutbosch station. Spikes were removed on the 7th and 24th November as a result of maintenance carried out at the station. There will be no data at the station from the 1st to 17th November due to electricity issues.

th th Maintenance was carried out on the 10 and 25 of November at the Bodibeng station. A new NOx analyser was installed on the 14th of November. New modules installed on the 14th of November and new pump kit on the CO analyser was installed. Pressure and NO2 readings fixed by restarting the logger.

Page | 3

One exceedence was logged for the O3 8-hourly averaged at Rosslyn station. Spikes were removed on the 10th and 26th November as a result of maintenance done at the station. There was a BTX oven temperature warning on the 7th which was cleared on the 8th by restarting the analyser.

No exceedences were logged at the Tshwane mobile station during this reporting period. The 602 was switched off to avoid damages, awaiting correct inlets from suppliers. New CO, NOx, SO2 and O3 analysers were installed on the 13th of November. The rain meter was fixed as there was a loose connection on module.

Page | 4

Contents 1. Executive summary ...... 2 2. Introduction ...... 9 3. Ambient air quality monitoring ...... 11 3.1 Data recovery ...... 11 3.2 Data Evaluation ...... 21 3.3 Number of Exceedences ...... 22 4. Meteorological overview ...... 23 4.1 Wind speed and direction ...... 23 4.2 Ambient temperature and relative humidity...... 29 4.3 Global radiation ...... 31 4.4 Atmospheric pressure ...... 32 5. Pollutant overview ...... 34 5.1 Particulate matter ...... 34

5.1.1 PM10 concentration ...... 34 5.2 Sulphur Dioxide concentration ...... 37 5.3 Nitric oxide concentration ...... 43 5.4 Nitrogen dioxide concentration ...... 44 5.5 Nitrogen oxides concentration ...... 48 5.6 Carbon monoxide concentration ...... 49 5.7 Ozone concentration ...... 51 5.8 Benzene concentration ...... 52 5.9 Toluene concentration ...... 52 5.10 Xylene concentration ...... 53 6. Station maintenance and calibration ...... 54 6.1 Bodibeng ...... 54 6.2 Booysens ...... 54 6.3 Ekandustria ...... 55 6.4 Mamelodi ...... 55 6.5 Olievenhoutbosch ...... 56 6.6 PTA West ...... 56 6.7 Rosslyn ...... 57 6.8 Maintenance and minor repairs ...... 58 6.9 Faulty equipment ...... 61

Page | 5

7. Discussion and conclusion ...... 62 ANNEXURE 1: Data validation tables ...... 62 ANNEXURE 2: Detailed station description ...... 65

Page | 6

List of figures

FIGURE 1: MAP OF THE CITY OF TSHWANE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK...... 9

FIGURE 2: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED WIND SPEED DATA FOR BODIBENG, EKANDUSTRIA, BOOYSENS AND MAMELODI ...... 23

FIGURE 3: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED WIND SPEED DATA FOR PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 24

FIGURE 4: WIND ROSE FOR BODIBENG ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

FIGURE 5: WIND ROSE FOR BOOYSENS ...... 24

FIGURE 6: WIND ROSE FOR MAMELODI ...... 25

FIGURE 7: WIND ROSE FOR EKANDUSTRIA ...... 25

FIGURE 8: WIND ROSE FOR PRETORIA WEST ...... 26

FIGURE 9: WIND ROSE FOR OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 27

FIGURE 10: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AMBIENT TEMPERATURE DATA FOR BODIBENG, EKANDUSTRIA, BOOYSENS AND MAMELODI..... 29

FIGURE 11: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AMBIENT TEMPERATURE DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 29

FIGURE 12: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY DATA FOR BODIBENG, BOOYSENS, EKANDUSTRIA AND MAMELODI ...... 30

FIGURE 13: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 30

FIGURE 14: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY GLOBAL RADIATION DATA FOR BODIBENG, EKANDUSTRIA, BOOYSENS AND MAMELODI .... ERROR!

BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.32

FIGURE 15: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY GLOBAL RADIATION DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 31

FIGURE 16: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DATA FOR BODIBENG, EKANDUSTRIA, BOOYSENS AND MAMELODI .... 32

FIGURE 17: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 32

FIGURE 18: TIMESERIES OF DAILY AVERAGED PM10 VALUES FOR BODIBENG, BOOYSENS AND EKANDUSTRIA ...... 34

FIGURE 19: TIMESERIES OF DAILY AVERAGED PM10 VALUES FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 34

FIGURE 20: DIURNAL VARIATION OF PM10 AT BODIBENG ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

FIGURE 21: DIURNAL VARIATION OF PM10 AT EKANDUSTRIA ...... 35

FIGURE 22: DIURNAL VARIATION OF PM10 AT ROSSLYN ...... 35

FIGURE 23: DIURNAL VARIATION OF PM10 AT PRETORIA WEST ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.37

FIGURE 24: DIURNAL VARIATION OF PM10 AT BOOYSENS ...... 36

FIGURE 25: DIURNAL VARIATION OF PM10 AT OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 36

FIGURE 26: TIMESERIES OF 10-MINUTE AVERAGED SO2 FOR BODIBENG, MAMELODI AND EKANDUSTRIA ...... 37

FIGURE 27: TIMESERIES OF 10-MINUTE AVERAGED SO2 FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 37

FIGURE 28: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED SO2 FOR BODIBENG, MAMELODI AND EKANDUSTRIA ...... 38

FIGURE 29: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED SO2 FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH...... 38

FIGURE 30: TIMESERIES OF DAILY AVERAGED SO2 FOR BODIBENG, MAMELODI AND EKANDUSTRIA ...... 39

FIGURE 31: TIMESERIES OF DAILY AVERAGED SO2 FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 39

FIGURE 32: DIURNAL VARIATION OF SO2 AT BODIBENG ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

FIGURE 33: DIURNAL VARIATION OF SO2 AT EKANDUSTRIA ...... 42

FIGURE 34: DIURNAL VARIATION OF SO2 AT ROSSLYN ...... 40

FIGURE 35: DIURNAL VARIATION OF SO2 AT PRETORIA WEST ...... 40

Page | 7

FIGURE 36: DIURNAL VARIATION OF SO2 AT MAMELODI ...... 43

FIGURE 37: DIURNAL VARIATION OF SO2 AT OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 41

FIGURE 38: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED NO DATA FOR BODIBENG AND MAMELODI ...... 43

FIGURE 39: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED NO DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 43

FIGURE 40: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED NO2 DATA FOR BODIBENG AND MAMELODI ...... 44

FIGURE 41: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED NO2 DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 44

FIGURE 42: DIURNAL VARIATION OF NO2 AT BODIBENG ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

FIGURE 43: DIURNAL VARIATION OF NO2 AT MAMELODI ...... 44

FIGURE 44: DIURNAL VARIATION OF NO2 AT ROSSLYN ...... 45

FIGURE 45: DIURNAL VARIATION OF NO2 AT PRETORIA WEST ...... 45

FIGURE 46: DIURNAL VARIATION OF NO2 AT OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 46

FIGURE 47: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED NOX DATA FOR BODIBENG AND MAMELODI ...... 48

FIGURE 48: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED NOX DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 48

FIGURE 49: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED CO DATA FOR BODIBENG AND MAMELODI ...... 49

FIGURE 50: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED CO DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 49

FIGURE 51: TIMESERIES OF 8-HOURLY AVERAGED CO DATA FOR BODIBENG AND MAMELODI ...... 50

FIGURE 52: TIMESERIES OF 8-HOURLY AVERAGED CO DATA FOR ROSSLYN, PRETORIA WEST AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 50

FIGURE 53: TIMESERIES OF 8-HOURLY AVERAGED O3 DATA FOR BODIBENG AND MAMELODI ...... 51

FIGURE 54: TIMESERIES OF 8-HOURLY AVERAGED O3 DATA FOR ROSSLYN AND OLIEVENHOUTBOSCH ...... 51

FIGURE 55: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED BENZENE DATA FOR ROSSLYN AND PRETORIA WEST ...... 52

FIGURE 56: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED TOLUENE DATA FOR ROSSLYN AND PRETORIA WEST ...... 52

FIGURE 57: TIMESERIES OF HOURLY AVERAGED XYLENE DATA FOR ROSSLYN AND PRETORIA WEST ...... 53

Page | 8

2. Introduction

Figure 1: Map of the City of Tshwane ambient air quality monitoring network.

As contained in the Constitution, municipalities have the executive authority in respect of air pollution control. The National Environmental Management Act: Air Quality Act of 2004 has shifted the focus away from centralized air pollution governance, placing the responsibility of air quality management with local authorities. These responsibilities include definition of baseline air quality, the management and operation of air quality monitoring networks, the licensing of listed activities, and the development of emission reduction strategies.

The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (COT) is located directly north of Johannesburg and extends from Centurion in the south to Temba in the north, covering an area of 2,200 km². The municipal boundaries are mainly within the Gauteng Province with a small area in the north falling within the North West Province. The population of COT borders onto 2 million (according to the 2001 Census) of which most reside in Pretoria, Centurion, Temba, Soshanguve and Mabopane districts with the highest population density within the latter two.

The dispersion potential of the metropolitan region is predominantly influenced by mesoscale processes including thermo-topographically induced circulations, the development and dissipation of surface inversions, and the modification of the low-level wind field and stability regime by urban areas. Northerly to north-westerly winds prevail during much of the year due to the prevalence of the high pressure system. Although such winds continue to dominate during winter months, the

Page | 9

northward shift of the high pressure belt and resultant influence of westerly wave disturbances on the region gives rise to an increase in the frequency of winds from the south to south-westerly sector. An increase in the frequency of northerly to easterly winds during spring and summer months is the result of the southward migration of the high pressure belt, with airflow being influenced both by anti-cyclonic subsidence and easterly wave systems.

COT is not a highly industrialised area and comprises of a few large industries, various commercial activities, domestic fuel burning, mining operations, transportation sources and waste treatment and disposal.

Current air pollution sources of concern in the COT are:  Emissions from vehicle tailpipes.  Industrial operations, energy generation and commercial fuel burning appliances.  Domestic fuel and biomass burning.  Dust from vehicle entrainment, mining activities and landfills.  Incineration and tyre burning.  Windblown dust from open areas.  Agricultural activities.

The main areas of concern within the COT are those located near industrial areas such as Pretoria West and the Moot. The Moot area is furthermore affected by the location of numerous brickworks within the area resulting in low-level emissions resulting in poor dispersion due to the topography of the area. Secondly, areas in close proximity to highways and busy intersections will be affected by vehicle emissions. Informal settlements likely to use coal and wood as energy source will be affected due to the low level releases of emissions and especially during the winter months when more fuel is consumed.

The COT appointed C&M Consulting Engineers to provide maintenance, calibration, data management and reporting services on the COT ambient monitoring network for a period of three years. This monitoring network consists of eight fully automated stations monitoring air quality and meteorological parameters. The stations are located at Bodibeng, Booysens, Ekandustria, Mamelodi, Olievenhoutbosch, Pretoria West, Tshwane Mobile and Rosslyn. A further three mobile stations are envisioned.

Page | 10

3. Ambient air quality monitoring

3.1 Data recovery

The tables below illustrate the data recovery for each monitoring site for the month of November 2014. According to the South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) guidelines, a minimum of 90% data capture is required to achieve minimum data quality assurance for data manipulation and summary (SANAS TR 07-03).

Station Name Collection Efficiency Validated Data Comments (%) (%) Bodibeng 51.85% 50.10% There will be no data from the 1st to 13th November as new modules were installed on the 14th of November. Booysens 98.84% 98.73% Good recovery efficiency. Ekandustria 96.64% 95.85% Good recovery efficiency.

Mamelodi 94.04% 89.37% The O3 and CO analysers were removed due to a power surge at the station. The BTX data was removed from the 1st to 5th November and 22nd to 24th November as it is flat lining, the analyser was restarted. Olievenhoutbosch 42.39% 41.86% There will be no data at the station from the 1st to 17th November due to electricity issues. PTA West 97.99% 97.79% Good recovery efficiency. Rosslyn 100.00% 99.92% Good recovery efficiency. Tshwane Mobile 78.57% 77.69% The BTX analyser was removed to be repaired and PM was switched off to avoid damages, awaiting the correct inlets from suppliers. Table 1: Data availability at COT

Page | 11

Bodibeng Booysens Ekandustria Mamelodi Olievenhoutbosch PTA West Rosslyn Tshwane mobile Parameter %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val %col %val

PM10 51.97 50.80 99.21 99.20 96.64 93.10 0 0 42.39 42.38 0 0 100 99.99 0 0

SO2 51.97 51.81 99.21 98.63 0 0 94.04 93.83 42.39 42.20 97.99 97.78 100 99.84 52.89 49.13

NO2 51.97 51.87 99.21 98.99 96.64 96.36 94.04 93.81 42.39 42.27 97.99 97.73 100 99.67 86.84 86.82 NO 51.97 51.87 99.21 98.99 96.64 96.36 94.04 93.81 42.39 42.27 97.99 97.73 100 99.67 86.84 86.82

NOx 51.97 51.87 99.21 98.99 96.64 96.36 94.04 93.81 42.39 42.27 97.99 97.73 100 99.67 86.84 86.82

O3 51.97 51.43 99.21 98.99 96.64 96.05 0 0 42.39 35.73 97.99 97.73 100 99.81 52.89 48.98 CO 51.97 45.37 99.21 99.16 96.64 91.33 0 0 42.39 42.24 97.99 96.76 100 99.91 52.89 48.31 Benzene 94.04 72.56 0 0 100 100 0 0 Toluene 94.04 72.56 0 0 100 100 0 0 Xylene 94.04 72.56 0 0 100 100 0 0 Wind Speed 51.12 51.12 99.21 99.21 96.64 96.64 94.04 94.04 42.39 42.39 97.99 97.99 100 100 84.00 84.00 Wind Direction 51.12 51.12 99.21 99.21 96.64 96.64 94.04 94.04 42.39 42.39 97.99 97.99 100 100 84.00 84.00 Ambient Pressure 51.97 36.27 99.21 99.21 96.64 96.64 94.04 94.04 42.39 42.39 97.99 97.99 100 100 86.84 86.84 Ambient Temperature 51.97 51.97 99.21 99.21 96.64 96.64 94.04 94.04 42.39 42.39 97.99 97.99 100 100 86.84 86.84 Relative Humidity 51.97 51.97 99.21 99.21 96.64 96.64 94.04 94.04 42.39 42.39 97.99 97.99 100 100 86.84 86.84 Solar Radiation 51.97 51.97 99.21 99.21 96.64 96.64 94.04 94.04 42.39 42.39 97.99 97.99 100 100 86.84 86.84 Rainfall 51.97 51.96 94.04 94.03 96.64 96.63 94.04 94.03 42.39 42.38 97.99 97.98 100 99.99 86.83 86.84 Average 51.85% 50.10% 98.84% 98.73% 96.64% 95.85% 94.04% 89.37% 42.39% 41.86% 97.99% 97.79% 100.00% 99.92% 78.57% 77.69% Highlighted values indicate data capture rates below the 90% SANAS requirement % Table 2: Percentage data recovery for November 2014 at COT

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Bodibeng Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Bodibeng: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 47.8% 1.35 17.86 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 52.5% 1.31 17.25 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 56.7% 1.66 6.26 0

2. Bodibeng: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1 hour 95.0% 106.00 88 52.5% 7.48 48.64 0

3. Bodibeng: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1 hour 95.0% 26.00 88 52.4% 1.61 17.38 0 8 hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 53.3% 1.60 7.59 0

4. Bodibeng: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8 hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 53.3% 5.90 31.46 0

5. Bodibeng: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24 hour 95.0% 120.00 4 53.3% 37.66 65.64 0

Table 3: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Bodibeng

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guideline for Booysens Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Booysens: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 98.8% 3.11 39.73 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 99.3% 3.11 35.37 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 100.0% 3.09 8.97 0 41

2. Booysens: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 106.00 88 99.6% 12.58 55.02 0

3. Booysens: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 26.00 88 99.6% 0.16 2.31 0 8hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 100.0% 0.16 1.09 0

4. Booysens: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 100.0% 30.00 58.00 0

5. Booysens: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 100.0% 37.77 64.77 0

Table 4: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Booysens

Page | 14

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Ekandustria Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Ekandustria: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 - - - - 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 - - - - 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 - - - - 33

2. Ekandustria: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1 hour 95.0% 106.00 88 96.9% 7.84 35.14 0

3. Ekandustria: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1 hour 95.0% 26.00 88 91.9% 0.19 0.64 0 8 hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 94.4% 0.19 0.42 0

4. Ekandustria: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8 hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 97.8% 39.85 62.85 2

5. Ekandustria: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 100.0% 35.84 76.61 0

Table 5: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Ekandustria

Page | 15

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guideline for Mamelodi Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Mamelodi: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 93.9% 2.87 55.13 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 94.3% 2.89 30.73 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 96.7% ..2.92 9.81 0

2. Mamelodi: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 106.00 88 94.3% 12.65 54.66 0

3. Mamelodi: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 26.00 88 - - - - 8hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 - - - -

4. Mamelodi: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 - - - -

5. Mamelodi: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 - - - -

Table 6: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Mamelodi

Page | 16

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guideline for Olievenhoutbosch Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Olievenhoutbosch: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 42.36% 4.46 31.75 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 43.2% 4.44 22.15 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 46.7% 4.36 6.27 0

2. Olievenhoutbosch: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 106.00 88 43.2% 11.34 52.30 0

3. Olievenhoutbosch: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 26.00 88 43.2% 0.76 3.08 0 8hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 45.6% 0.76 1.73 0

4. Olievenhoutbosch: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 45.6% 33.01 77.00 4

5. Olievenhoutbosch: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 46.7% 40.81 68.00 0

Table 7: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 17

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guideline for PTA West Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. PTA West: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 97.9% 6.11 65.79 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 98.2% 6.09 62.60 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 100.0% 6.23 21.68 0 %

2. PTA West: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 106.00 88 98.1% 10.60 40.75 0

3. PTA West: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 26.00 88 98.2% 0.68 3.43 0 8hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 98.9% 0.67 1.24 0

4. PTA West: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 98.9% 42.43 70.59 8

5. PTA West: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 - - - -

Table 8: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for PTA West

Page | 18

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guideline for Rosslyn Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Rosslyn: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 99.9% 4.39 32.75 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 100.0% 4.39 30.81 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 100.0% 4.40 9.39 0

2. Rosslyn: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 106.00 88 99.9% 8.94 41.93 0

3. Rosslyn: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 26.00 88 100.0% 0.29 2.00 0 8hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 100.0% 0.30 0.76 0

4. Rosslyn: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 100.0% 29.78 64.54 1

5. Rosslyn: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 100.0% 13.72 25.44 0 0200

Table 9: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Rosslyn

Page | 19

Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guideline for Tshwane mobile Report time period: 2014/11/01 - 2014/11/30 11:59:00 PM

1. Tshwane mobile: SO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 10-minute 95.0% 191.00 526 53.9% 1.98 27.28 0 1 hour 95.0% 134.00 88 55.8% 1.96 13.82 0 24 hour 95.0% 48.00 4 60.0% 1.93 5.09 0

2. Tshwane mobile: NO2

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 106.00 88 93.9 11.04 46.64 0

3. Tshwane mobile: CO

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 1hour 95.0% 26.00 88 55.4% 0.33 2.26 0 8hour mean 95.0% 8.70 11 58.9 0.32 1.59 0

4. Tshwane mobile: O3

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 8hour mean 95.0% 61.00 11 58.89 28.98 56.12 0

5. Tshwane mobile: PM10

Standards Statistics for the measurement period Resolution Data coverage Limit value Max no of Exceed. Data coverage Mean Value Max Value No of Exceed. 24hour 95.0% 120.00 4 - - - -

Table 10: Statistical analysis of SANS 1929 guidelines for Tshwane mobile

Page | 20

3.2 Data Evaluation

It is often necessary to modify the data during the data validation process. This was done in accordance to the New Zealand “Good Practice Guide for Air Quality Monitoring and Data Management” (2009). The data is checked for zero drift, which if identified is corrected to correspond with the values from the most recent calibration, and outliers are identified if they are outside the range of three standard deviations of the mean, if these outliers represent a legitimate spike in the concentration (3 standard deviations of the mean of values within an hour of either side of the data point) they are retained otherwise removed from the validated data. Negative values less than -1 were removed from the validated data.

In addition, manufacturer guidelines with regard to analyser performance criteria on allowable drift have been taken into account. These guidelines will be applied when applicable and noted in this report.

Page | 21

3.3 Number of Exceedences

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO and benzene are shown in Table 4. Although not currently being measured in COT, the table below also includes the proposed national ambient air quality standard for particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 micrometers as published in the Government Gazette on the 5 August 2011.

Parameter Averaging Period Concentration Frequency of Exceedence 10 minutes 191 ppb 526 1 hour 134 ppb 88 SO 2 24 hour 48 ppb 4 Annual 19 ppb 0

O3 8 hours 61 ppb 11 1 hour 106 ppb 88 NO 2 Annual 21 ppb 0 1 hour 26 ppm 88 CO 8 hour 8.7 ppm 11 24 hours 120 µg/m³ 4 PM 10 Annual 50 µg/m³ 0 24 hours 65 µg/m³ 4 PM (Proposed) 2.5 Annual 25 µg/m³ 0 Benzene Annual 3.2 ppb 0 Table 11: National ambient air quality standards

The number of exceedences of the NAAQS for each of the criteria pollutants recorded in the COT for November 2014 is shown in Tables 3 – 9.

As can be seen from the statistical tables in section 3.1 above, there were exceedences recorded during this period. Eight exceedences were logged for O3 8-hourly average at the Pretoria

West station. Two exceedences were logged for O3 8- hourly average at the Ekandustria station. Four exceedences were logged for O3 8-hourly average for the Olievenhoutbosch station. One exceedence was logged for O3 8-hourly average for the Rosslyn station.

Page | 22

4. Meteorological overview

4.1 Wind speed and direction

Wind roses summarise the occurrence of winds at a location, representing their strength, direction and frequency. Each directional branch on a wind rose represents wind originating from that direction. Each directional branch is divided into segments of different colours which are representative of different wind speeds. For the wind roses used in this document, each dotted circle represents a 5% frequency of occurrence. Wind speed classes are represented as 0-1m/s (green), 1-3 m/s (blue), 3-6m/s (orange) and above 6m/s (red).

In addition a time series graph has been included to show hourly averaged wind speed at each of the monitoring stations.

Figure 1: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data for Ekandustria, Booysens, Bodibeng and Mamelodi

Page | 23

Figure 2: Timeseries of hourly averaged wind speed data for Pretoria West, Rosslyn, Olievenhoutbosch and Tshwane Mobile

Figure 3: Wind rose for Booysens

The predominant winds at Booysens during November were North-easterly and South-westerly, account for approximately 5% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 1 m/s – 6 m/s range.

Page | 24

Figure 4: Wind rose for Mamelodi

The predominant winds at Mamelodi during November were South-easterly, account for approximately 6% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range.

Figure 5: Wind rose for Ekandustria

The predominant winds at Ekandustria during November were North-easterly account for approximately 6% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range. Page | 25

Figure 6: Wind rose for Pretoria West

The predominant winds at Pretoria West during November were North-easterly, account for approximately 6% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range. A significant contribution of wind speeds below 3 m/s can also be seen.

Page | 26

Figure 7: Wind rose for Olievenhoutbosch

The predominant winds at Olievenhoutbosch during November were North-westerly sections, account for approximately 6% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range. A significant contribution of wind speeds below 3 m/s can also be seen.

Figure 8: Wind rose for Rosslyn

The predominant winds at Rosslyn during November were south-westerly, account for approximately 6% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range. Page | 27

Figure 9: Wind rose for Tshwane Mobile

The predominant winds at Tshwane Mobile during November were North-easterly, account for approximately 6% of the data collected. As can be seen from the coloured wind speed constraints, the majority of the wind speed fell in the 3 m/s – 6 m/s range.

Page | 28

4.2 Ambient temperature and relative humidity

Figure 10 Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data for Ekandustria, Booysens, Bodibeng and Mamelodi

Figure 11: Timeseries of hourly ambient temperature data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Olievenhoutbosch and Tshwane Mobile

Page | 29

Figure 12: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data for Booysens, Ekandustria, Bodibeng and Mamelodi

Figure 13: Timeseries of hourly relative humidity data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Olievenhoutbosch and Tshwane Mobile

Page | 30

4.3 Global radiation

Figure 14: Timeseries of hourly global radiation data for Mamelodi, Booysens, Bodibeng and Ekandustria

Figure 15: Timeseries of hourly global radiation data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Olievenhoutbosch and Tshwane Mobile

Page | 31

4.4 Atmospheric pressure

Figure 16: Timeseries of hourly atmospheric pressure data for Ekandustria, Booysens and Mamelodi

Figure 17: Timeseries of hourly atmospheric pressure data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Olievenhoutbosch and Tshwane Mobile

Page | 32

Figure 18: Time series of hourly atmospheric pressure data for Bodibeng

Page | 33

5. Pollutant overview

5.1 Particulate matter

5.1.1 PM10 concentration

The PM10 daily concentration for all the functioning stations is shown in the figure below. As presented in tables 3 – 9, no exceedences were logged during the reporting period at the stations.

Figure 18 Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values for Booysens, Bodibeng and Ekandustria

Figure 19: Timeseries of daily averaged PM10 values for Rosslyn and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 34

Figure 20: Diurnal variation of PM10 at Ekandustria

Figure 21: Diurnal variation of PM10 at Rosslyn

Page | 35

Figure 22: Diurnal variation of PM10 at Booysens

Figure 23: Diurnal variation of PM10 at Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 36

5.2 Sulphur Dioxide concentration

The concentrations of SO2 logged during November 2014 are presented at 10-minute, hourly and daily intervals. As presented in tables 3 – 9, no exceedences were logged during this month.

Figure 25: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO2 for Mamelodi, Bodibeng and Booysens

Figure 26: Timeseries of 10-minute averaged SO2 for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Tshwane Mobile and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 37

Figure 27: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO2 for Mamelodi, Bodibeng and Booysens

Figure 28: Timeseries of hourly averaged SO2 for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Tshwane Mobile and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 38

Figure 29: Timeseries of daily averaged SO2 for Mamelodi, Bodibeng and Booysens

Figure 30: Timeseries of daily averaged SO2 for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Tshwane Mobile and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 39

Figure 31: Diurnal variation of SO2 at Rosslyn

Figure 32: Diurnal variation of SO2 at Pretoria West

Page | 40

Figure 33: Diurnal variation of SO2 at Olievenhoutbosch

Figure 34: Diurnal variation of SO2 at Booysens

Page | 41

Figure 35: Diurnal variation of SO2 at Mamelodi

Page | 42

5.3 Nitric oxide concentration

The concentrations of NO logged during November 2014 are presented at intervals. No guideline values have been defined for Nitric Oxide.

Figure 36: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO data for Booysens, Tshwane Mobile, Bodibeng and Ekandustria

Figure 37: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Mamelodi and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 43

5.4 Nitrogen dioxide concentration

The concentrations of NO2 logged during November 2014 are presented at hourly intervals. As presented in tables 3 – 9, no exceedences were logged during the reporting period at the stations.

Figure 38: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO2 data for Booysens, Bodibeng and Ekandustria

Figure 39: Timeseries of hourly averaged NO2 data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Mamelodi, PTA West and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 44

Figure 40: Diurnal variation of NO2 at Rosslyn

Figure 41: Diurnal variation of NO2 at Pretoria West

Page | 45

Figure 42: Diurnal variation of NO2 at Olievenhoutbosch

Figure 43: Diurnal variation of NO2 at Ekandustria

Page | 46

Figure 44: Diurnal variation of NO2 at Booysens

Figure 45: Diurnal variation of NO2 at Mamelodi

Page | 47

5.5 Nitrogen oxides concentration

The concentrations of NOx logged during November 2014 are presented at hourly intervals. No guidelines have been defined for NOx.

Figure 46: Timeseries of hourly averaged NOx data for Booysens, Bodibeng, Tshwane Mobile and Ekandustria

Figure 47: Timeseries of hourly averaged NOx data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West, Mamelodi and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 48

5.6 Carbon monoxide concentration

The concentrations of CO logged during November 2014 are presented at hourly and 8-hourly intervals. As presented in tables 3 – 9, no exceedences were logged during the reporting period.

Figure 48: Timeseries of hourly averaged CO data for Ekandustria, Tshwane Mobile, Bodibeng and Booysens

Figure 49: Timeseries of hourly averaged CO data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 49

Figure 50: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged CO data for Ekandustria, Tshwane Mobile, Bodibeng and Booysens

Figure 51: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged CO data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 50

5.7 Ozone concentration

The concentrations of O3 logged during November 2014 are presented at 8-hourly intervals. As presented in tables 3 – 9, four exceedences were logged for the 8-hourly average at Olievenhoutbosch station. Eight exceedences were logged for the 8-hourly average at Pretoria west station. One exceedence was logged for the 8-hourly average at Rosslyn station. Two exceedences were logged for the 8-hourly average at Ekandustria station.

Figure 52: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O3 data for Ekandustria, Bodibeng, Tshwane Mobile and Booysens

Figure 53: Timeseries of 8-hourly averaged O3 data for Rosslyn, Pretoria West and Olievenhoutbosch

Page | 51

5.8 Benzene concentration

The concentrations of Benzene logged during November 2014 are presented at hourly intervals. SANS 1929 defines an annual guideline for Benzene.

Figure 54: Timeseries of hourly averaged Benzene data for Rosslyn and Mamelodi

5.9 Toluene concentration

The concentrations of Toluene logged during November 2014 are presented at hourly intervals. No guideline value has been defined for Toluene.

Figure 55: Timeseries of hourly averaged Toluene data for Rosslyn and Mamelodi

Page | 52

5.10 Xylene concentration

The concentrations of Xylene logged during November 2014 are presented at hourly intervals. No guideline value has been defined for Xylene.

Figure 56: Timeseries of hourly averaged Xylene data for Rosslyn and Mamelodi

Page | 53

6. Station maintenance and calibration

6.1 Bodibeng Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done OK SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. Met Equipment Done OK Table 10: Bodibeng maintenance and calibration schedule

6.2 Booysens Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done OK SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014 CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014 Met Equipment Done OK Table 11: Booysens maintenance and calibration schedule

Page | 54

6.3 Ekandustria Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done OK SO2 Not done faulty The SO2 analyser was removed for repairs.

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014 CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014 Met Equipment Done OK Table 12: Ekandustria maintenance and calibration schedule

6.4 Mamelodi Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done Faulty Analyser was removed due to a faulty gear in the carousel.

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014

O3 Not done Faulty Analyser out for repairs CO Not done Faulty Analyser out for repairs Met Equipment Done OK Table 13: Mamelodi maintenance and calibration schedule

Page | 55

6.5 Olievenhoutbosch Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done OK SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. Met Equipment Done OK Table 14: Olievenhoutbosch maintenance and calibration schedule

6.6 PTA West Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done faulty The PM10 filter tape depleted.

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

O3 Zero & Span checks OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. BTX Zero & Span check faulty Analyser out for repairs. Met Equipment Done OK Table 15: PTA West maintenance and calibration schedule

Page | 56

6.7 Rosslyn

Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done OK SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014.

O3 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. Met Equipment Done OK Table 16: Rosslyn maintenance and calibration schedule

6.8 Tshwane Mobile

Equipment / Pollutant Zero / Span calibration Status Comments check

PM10 Not done OK

SO2 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. NOx Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. O3 Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. CO Zero & Span check OK SANAS calibration scheduled for December 2014. Met Equipment Done OK

Table 18: Tshwane mobile maintenance and calibration schedule

Page | 57

6.8 Maintenance and minor repairs Station Date Comments 10/11/2014 New modules installed on the 14th of November. Zero & Span checks were performed. A new pump kit on the CO analyser was installed.

th A new NOx analyser was installed on the 14 of November. Meteorological data will be collected on the next visit after the installation of new modules. Bodibeng 25/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. CO span gas was at +/- 30 ppm.

The NO2, CO and pressure readings were fixed by restarting the logger. A new T200 was installed in place of old Ecotech. All analysers are due for calibration in December 2014 07/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. CO span gas was at 30 ppm. A new UPS was installed at the station. 26/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. Booysens CO span gas was at 30 ppm. Vici calibrator was set at 1 l/pm. The system error was cleared on all analysers. The low flow on CO analyser was cleared, from 521 cc/m to 781 cc/m. 11/11/2014 Zero & Span check was performed. Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm. CO span gas at 30 ppm.

The SO2 analyser was removed as the internal pump seized and the flow card also has a problem. Ekandustria Rain was not tested as it was raining during the maintenance visit.

28/11/2014 The SO2 analyser was removed because the flow card had a problem and the internal pump seized.

PM10 out for repairs, loan unit installed. Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm.

Page | 58

CO span gas at 30 ppm. There was a power outage on the 24th of November.

10/11/2014 The O3 and CO analysers were removed due to a power surge damaged the gas analyser, to check power supplies on analysers.

The PM10 analyser was removed, awaiting correct parts from suppliers for the flow of the 602. Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm. Mamelodi th The H2 gas changed for BTX on the 5 of November.

24/11/2014 The O3 and CO analysers were removed due to a power surge damaged the gas analyser, to check power supplies on analysers. The BTX analyser was re-installed after power outage the 24th of November. 07/11/2014 Station was offline due to electricity issues from the 31st of October until the 17th of November, as the clinic failed to pay the electricity account. 24/11/2014 Station was offline due to electricity issues from the 31st of Olievenhoutbosch October until the 17th of November, as the clinic failed to pay the electricity account. Station was online between the 17thto 25th of November. No span, zero, meteorological and logger readings as there was no power in the station. 07/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm. CO span gas at +/- 30 ppm. BTX Analyser removed for services and calibration at suppliers.

PTA West PM10 out of filter tape, client quoted. There is an increase of traffic in road next to station. 26/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm.CO span gas +/- 30ppm. BTX Analyser removed on the 10th for services and calibration at suppliers.

Page | 59

PM10 out of filter tape, client quoted. There is an increase of traffic in road next to station. There was a power failure between the 20th and 21st November. 10/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm and CO span gas at +/- 30 ppm. The BTX oven temp had a warning on the 7th of November and was cleared on the 8th of November by restarting the analyser. 26/11/2014 Zero & Span checks were performed. Rosslyn Vici calibrator was set at 1l/pm and CO span gas at +/- 30 ppm. There was a BTX oven temperature warning on the 7th of November and was cleared on the 8th of November by restarting the analyser. Rain meter was not tested as it was raining during maintenance. 07/11/2014 The BTX analyser was removed on the 7th of August due to a faulty mass flow controller. Warranty replacement. The 602 was switched off to avoid damages, awaiting the correct inlets from suppliers.

th New SO2, NOx, CO and O3 were installed on the 13 of November. Tshwane Mobile 25/11/2014 BTX analyser removed on the 7th of August due to a faulty mass flow controller. Warranty replacement. The 602 analyser was re-installed reading to be taken on next visit. The rain meter was fixed there was loose connection on module.

Table 19: Maintenance activities performed during maintenance visits

Page | 60

6.9 Faulty equipment

Station Instrument Period Comments

Mamelodi O3 and CO 21/02/2014 Analysers were removed due to power surge which damaged the analysers.

PM10 09/10/2014 PM analyser removed for repairs. Ekandustria SO2 07/03/2014 Analyser was removed as the internal pump seized and the flow card also has a problem. Tshwane Mobile BTX 07/07/2014 The BTX analyser was removed due to a faulty mass flow controller

PTA West BTX 10/07/2014 The BTX analyser was removed as does not go to zero anymore; it was taken to supplier for service and calibration.

PM10 08/10/2014 PM filter depleted. Olievenhoutbosch None Rosslyn None Bodibeng None Table 20: Faulty equipment at WBPAMN

Page | 61

7. Discussion and conclusion

 Bodibeng –50.10%  Booysens – 98.73%  Ekandustria – 95.85%  Mamelodi – 89.37%  Olievenhoutbosch – 41.86%  Pretoria West – 97.79 %  Rosslyn –99.92%  Tshwane Mobile – 77.69%

Two exceedences were logged for the 8-hourly averaged at the Ekandustria station. The O3 analyser was re-installed after tubing was cleaned and internal filters were cleared on the 8th of November.

Eight exceedences were logged for the O3 8-hourly average at the Pretoria West station. Spikes were removed on the 7th and 26th of November as a result of maintenance carried out at the station. The

Page | 62

Page | 63

ANNEXURE 1: Data validation tables

Station Parameter Start date Stop date Validation

SO2, NO, 10/11/2014 10/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

Bodibeng NO2, NOx, and and maintenance activities were

CO and O3 25/11/2014 25/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

SO2,O3, 07/11/2014 07/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of Booysens CO, NO, and and maintenance activities were

NO2, NOx 26/11/2014 26/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

NO, NO2, 11/11/2014 11/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

Ekandustria NOx, CO and and and maintenance activities were

O3 28/11/2014 28/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

SO2, NOx, 10/11/2014 10/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

Mamelodi NO, NO2 and and maintenance activities were 24/11/2014 24/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

SO2, NO, 07/11/2014 07/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

Olievenhoutbosch NO2, NOx, and and maintenance activities were

CO and O3 24/11/2014 24/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

SO2, NO, 07/11/2014 07/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

PTA West NO2, NOx, and and maintenance activities were

CO and O3 26/11/2014 26/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

SO2, NO, 10/11/2014 10/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

NO2, NOx, and and maintenance activities were Rosslyn O3 and CO 26/11/2014 26/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

SO2, NO, 07/11/2014 07/11/2014 Spikes values as a result of

NO2, NOx, O3 and and maintenance activities were Tshwane Mobile and CO 25/11/2014 25/11/2014 removed from the dataset.

Page | 64

ANNEXURE 2: Detailed station description

Page | 65