ABSTRACT BOOK Dear Colleagues, Welcome to Brunei Darussalam and to the 1st International Congress on Earth Sciences in SE Asia. It is our pleasure to meet all of you and we look forward to a session of exchanging ideas and keeping ourselves informed of the latest works in the field of Earth Sciences. Our aspiration was to organise an international congress for Earth Scientists in Universiti Brunei Darussalam, as an effort to mitigate the lack of relevant big meetings in the region. We hope that all of you will enjoy the event and will have the opportunity to brainstorm and network with fellow Earth scientists. Please enjoy our complimentary social events and we hope you will find some time to experience the beautiful sights of Bandar Seri Begawan. We would like to extend our special thanks to the sponsors of ICES-2017 for their kind contribution, as well as to the volunteers of ICES-2017 for their invaluable assistance in organising the event. We wish you a pleasant stay in Brunei Darussalam. The Chairpersons of ICES-2017 Basilios Tsikouras Abby Tan Chee Hong CHAIRPERSONS Dr. Basilios Tsikouras Senior Assistant Professor and Deputy Dean (Academic) of Faculty of Science Dr. Abby Tan Chee Hong Senior Assistant Professor and Dean of Faculty of Science ORGANISING COMMITTEE Dr. Mohamed R. Shalaby Senior Assistant Professor Dr. Antonino Briguglio Senior Assistant Professor Dr. Md. Aminul Islam Senior Assistant Professor Dr. Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke Senior Assistant Professor Dr. László Kocsis Senior Assistant Professor Dr. Afroz Ahmad Shah Assistant Professor Dr. Chun Kit Lai Senior Assistant Professor Dr. Lim Lee Hoon Senior Assistant Professor and Deputy Dean (Graduate Studies & Research) of Faculty of Science Dr. Yasuaki Tanaka Assistant Professor Dr. Yeo Wee Ping Head of Mathematical and Computing Sciences SECRETARIAT Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke Elena Ifandi Liyana Nadiah Osli Nurhazwana Jumat SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Abdul Hadi bin Abd Rahman, Malaysia Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff, Malaysia Afroz Ahmad Shah, Brunei Darussalam Andrew Carnell, Brunei Darussalam Antonino Briguglio, Brunei Darussalam Basilios Tsikouras, Brunei Darussalam Carlos Nieto, Brunei Darussalam Chun Kit Lai, Brunei Darussalam David Marshall, Brunei Darussalam Dimitrios Papoulis, Greece Dionisios Panagiotaras, Greece Edy Sunardi, Indonesia Eleni Zagana, Greece Faizah Hj Metali, Brunei Darussalam Federica Zaccarini, Austria George Iliopoulos, Greece Giorgio Garuti, Austria Joseph Lambiasse, United States Kimon Christanis, Greece László Kocsis, Brunei Darussalam Md. Aminul Islam, Brunei Darussalam Mohamed Ragap Shalaby, Brunei Darussalam Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan, Malaysia Nor Sayzwani binti Sukri, Malaysia Nur Huda binti Mohd Jamin, Malaysia Nursufiah binti Sulaiman, Malaysia Oliver Swientek, Brunei Darussalam Robert Hall, United Kingdom Saufi Sokiman, Malaysia Shankar Gargh, India Sotirios Kokkalas, Abu Dhabi Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke, Brunei Darussalam Sudarningsihunlam, Indonesia Syaswina Rosli, Brunei Darussalam William Downey, Malaysia KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Professor Robert Hall Dr. Federica Zaccarini Professor Giorgio Garuti Professor Peter O. Baumgartner Ir. Gijs C. J. Holstege ABSTRACT BOOK AND PROGRAMME COVER PAGE DESIGN Mutiah Yunsi ABSTRACT BOOK AND PROGRAMME CONCEPT Elena Ifandi ABSTRACT BOOK EDITING AND DESIGN Alkmini Tzoumaka Elena Ifandi Chun Kit Lai Dk Khairunnisa Nazirah binti Pengiran Dr Karim Nurul Amajida binti Hj Roslim PROGRAMME EDITING AND DESIGN Basilios Tsikouras Elena Ifandi WEBPAGE, ELECTRONIC FORMS AND EMAIL SETUP AND SUPPORT Abdul Muiz bin Hamdan Mohammad Afifi bin Haji Ishak VOLUNTEERS’ T-SHIRT DESIGN Wan Ahmad Syahrul bin Wan Mohamad Mutiah Yunsi Nurul Amajida binti Hj Roslim We owe the successful organisation of this Congress to our great Volunteers Team: Abdul Muiz bin Hamdan Adi Ameza binti Mohamed Addly Adli Safiy bin Azhar Ak Muhammad Zulariffin bin Pg Hashim Al-syukri bin Sarbini Alkmini Tzoumaka Amar Syahirah binti Haji Abd Murad Dk Khairunnisa Nazirah binti Pengiran Dr Karim Dk Siti Aishah Pg Haji Md Ali Elena Ifandi Fatin Farhanah binti Marissan Feenadeiah binti Rusmi Hafizatul Fairuz binti Haji Dayang Haji Muhd Rahmat bin Haji Tarif Liyana Nadiah Osli Mohamed Khairul Zhafri bin Haji Mohamed Noor Mohammad Afifi bin Haji Ishak Mohammad Noor Firdhaus bin Yassin Muhammad 'asri Akmal bin Haji Shuip Muhammad Adam bin Ismail Muhammad Adam bin Mohd Yusri Muhammad Firdaus bin Abd Rahman Muhammad Haziq bin Yussof Muhammad Nazirul Azim bin Zulkifle Muhammad Zul Waqar bin Sarbini Mutiah Yunsi Nandini Sreenivasan Pillai Noor Hadziqah Wajiha binti Zufli Nur Aishah Helena Haji Mohd Sharif Nur Atiqah Haji Abas Nur Hazirah binti Mohd Sufian Nur'aqidah binti Haji Norazme Nurhazirah binti Haji Abdul Razak Nurhazwana Jumat Nurul Amajida binti Hj Roslim Nurul Hafizah binti Haji Amdan Nurzafirah binti Haji Zainin Sulia binti Haji Mohamed Salim @ Sulia Goeting Swee Poh Dong Teo Chee Hui Yong Ah Pis SPONSORS Platinum Sponsor Gold Sponsors ! ! ! ! Silver Sponsors Bronze Sponsors Keystone Sponsors ! ! ! Plenary Lectures Robert Hall Southeast Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK Borneo tectonics: Subduction, collision, rotation, extension? Borneo is the third largest island in the world but from a geological perspective possibly also one of the least well-known. It is not particularly elevated but its interior remains an under- explored challenge. Much of our thinking about Borneo retains notions from the period before plate tectonics onto which have been grafted concepts of geosynclines, suppositions about sutures and subduction zones from the early days of plate tectonics, mixed in with arguments about the significance of palaeomagnetic observations, overlain by assumptions about ages and events. From being seen as part of an ancient Sunda Shield Borneo now appears to be a composite and complex region assembled since the Triassic. Haile (1973) identified many problems with subduction and collision models and the need for new dating, stratigraphic and structural studies. Some of these were undertaken, but in recent years research relevant to Borneo geology has been predominantly hydrocarbon exploration in the offshore areas around the island. These, and previous studies on land, highlight one of the many puzzles presented by the island – the immense volume of sediment derived from it, requiring tectonic explanations. Recent dating has challenged previous assumptions of basement ages, many of which are now seen to be misconceptions. and emphasise the need for new studies on land. New sediment provenance studies show the value of integrating studies on land and offshore, and the importance of improved access to offshore information. Supposed collisions and subduction on the north side of Borneo remain poorly supported by evidence, for example, there are almost no LT/HP metamorphic rocks, and little evidence of volcanic arcs. But during the Cenozoic there were three major deep marine ‘fans’: the Rajang Group, the Crocker Formation and the modern NW Sabah fold and thrust belt. What was their cause? While northern Borneo was active in the Paleogene, eastern Borneo was passively rifting. Significant magmatism in central Borneo in the Early Miocene, and the Pliocene, is difficult to relate to plate movements. Young uplift of northern Borneo is poorly understood. Neogene extension of the Sulu Sea demands some role for extension in northern Borneo. The use of terminology (spilite, flysch, molasse) and ideas (subduction, collision) from distant lands raises questions about what should be imported. Can Borneo fit a tectonic model derived from elsewhere? Federica Zaccarini Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, University of Leoben, Peter Tunner Str. 5, A-8700 Leoben, Austria Chromitites and associated platinum group elements and minerals in ophiolites: An overview Several ophiolitic mantle tectonites worldwide host economic deposits of podiform cromitites. Based on the chromite composition, the podiform chromitites are classified as Cr- and Al-rich. The Cr-rich chromitites occur in the supra subduction zone ophiolite (SSZO), whereas the Al- rich chromities can be found in both the SSZO as well as in the middle oceanic ridge ophiolite (MORO). According to literature data, the podiform chromitites show an enrichment in platinum group elements (PGE), especially in the most refractory IPGE (Os, Ir and Ru), compared to their host peridotites. Literature data indicate that the total amount of PGE is higher in Cr-rich chromitites (about 390 ppb) compared to the Al-rich chromitites (about 150 ppb). Consistently with the geochemical signature, the podiform chromitites contain abundant platinum group minerals PGM mainly sulfides, alloys and sulfarsenides in the Ru-Os-Ir system. Most of the PGM form small grains, generally less than 10 microns in size, included in chromite crystal. Therefore they crystallized in the magmatic stage at about 1300 to 1000 C° degrees, prior or concomitantly with the host chromitite during the increasing of the sulfur fugacity. Few podiform chromitites, representing only the 7% of all the studied chromitites, contain also appreciable amounts of PPGE (Rh, Pt and Pd). This enrichment was achieved in the magmatic system, due to the presence of sulfide-rich melt or the segregation of an immiscible sulfide liquid, that collected mainly the PPGE. After, PGE sulfides, antimonides, arsenides and PGE-rich pentlandite crystallized and most of them occur in the silicate matrix, interstitial