ABSTRACT BOOK

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to Darussalam and to the 1st International Congress on Earth Sciences in SE Asia. It is our pleasure to meet all of you and we look forward to a session of exchanging ideas and keeping ourselves informed of the latest works in the field of Earth Sciences.

Our aspiration was to organise an international congress for Earth Scientists in Universiti Brunei Darussalam, as an effort to mitigate the lack of relevant big meetings in the region. We hope that all of you will enjoy the event and will have the opportunity to brainstorm and network with fellow Earth scientists.

Please enjoy our complimentary social events and we hope you will find some time to experience the beautiful sights of .

We would like to extend our special thanks to the sponsors of ICES-2017 for their kind contribution, as well as to the volunteers of ICES-2017 for their invaluable assistance in organising the event.

We wish you a pleasant stay in Brunei Darussalam.

The Chairpersons of ICES-2017

Basilios Tsikouras

Abby Tan Chee Hong

CHAIRPERSONS Dr. Basilios Tsikouras Senior Assistant Professor and Deputy Dean (Academic) of Faculty of Science Dr. Abby Tan Chee Hong Senior Assistant Professor and Dean of Faculty of Science

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Dr. Mohamed R. Shalaby Senior Assistant Professor Dr. Antonino Briguglio Senior Assistant Professor

Dr. Md. Aminul Senior Assistant Professor

Dr. Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke

Senior Assistant Professor

Dr. László Kocsis

Senior Assistant Professor

Dr. Afroz Ahmad Shah

Assistant Professor

Dr. Chun Kit Lai

Senior Assistant Professor

Dr. Lim Lee Hoon

Senior Assistant Professor and Deputy Dean (Graduate Studies & Research) of Faculty of Science

Dr. Yasuaki Tanaka

Assistant Professor

Dr. Yeo Wee Ping

Head of Mathematical and Computing Sciences

SECRETARIAT

Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke

Elena Ifandi

Liyana Nadiah Osli

Nurhazwana Jumat

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Abdul Hadi bin Abd Rahman, Malaysia

Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff, Malaysia

Afroz Ahmad Shah, Brunei Darussalam

Andrew Carnell, Brunei Darussalam

Antonino Briguglio, Brunei Darussalam

Basilios Tsikouras, Brunei Darussalam

Carlos Nieto, Brunei Darussalam

Chun Kit Lai, Brunei Darussalam

David Marshall, Brunei Darussalam

Dimitrios Papoulis,

Dionisios Panagiotaras, Greece

Edy Sunardi,

Eleni Zagana, Greece

Faizah Hj Metali, Brunei Darussalam

Federica Zaccarini, Austria

George Iliopoulos, Greece

Giorgio Garuti, Austria

Joseph Lambiasse, United States

Kimon Christanis, Greece

László Kocsis, Brunei Darussalam

Md. Aminul Islam, Brunei Darussalam Mohamed Ragap Shalaby, Brunei Darussalam

Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan, Malaysia

Nor Sayzwani binti Sukri, Malaysia

Nur Huda binti Mohd Jamin, Malaysia

Nursufiah binti Sulaiman, Malaysia

Oliver Swientek, Brunei Darussalam

Robert Hall, United Kingdom

Saufi Sokiman, Malaysia

Shankar Gargh, India

Sotirios Kokkalas, Abu Dhabi

Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke, Brunei Darussalam

Sudarningsihunlam, Indonesia

Syaswina Rosli, Brunei Darussalam

William Downey, Malaysia

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Professor Robert Hall Dr. Federica Zaccarini Professor Giorgio Garuti Professor Peter O. Baumgartner Ir. Gijs C. J. Holstege

ABSTRACT BOOK AND PROGRAMME COVER PAGE DESIGN

Mutiah Yunsi

ABSTRACT BOOK AND PROGRAMME CONCEPT

Elena Ifandi ABSTRACT BOOK EDITING AND DESIGN

Alkmini Tzoumaka

Elena Ifandi

Chun Kit Lai

Dk Khairunnisa Nazirah binti Pengiran Dr Karim

Nurul Amajida binti Hj Roslim

PROGRAMME EDITING AND DESIGN

Basilios Tsikouras

Elena Ifandi

WEBPAGE, ELECTRONIC FORMS AND EMAIL SETUP AND SUPPORT

Abdul Muiz bin Hamdan Mohammad Afifi bin Haji Ishak

VOLUNTEERS’ T-SHIRT DESIGN Wan Ahmad Syahrul bin Wan Mohamad

Mutiah Yunsi

Nurul Amajida binti Hj Roslim

We owe the successful organisation of this Congress to our great Volunteers Team:

Abdul Muiz bin Hamdan Adi Ameza binti Mohamed Addly Adli Safiy bin Azhar Ak Muhammad Zulariffin bin Pg Hashim Al-syukri bin Sarbini Alkmini Tzoumaka Amar Syahirah binti Haji Abd Murad Dk Khairunnisa Nazirah binti Pengiran Dr Karim Dk Siti Aishah Pg Haji Md Ali Elena Ifandi Fatin Farhanah binti Marissan Feenadeiah binti Rusmi Hafizatul Fairuz binti Haji Dayang Haji Muhd Rahmat bin Haji Tarif Liyana Nadiah Osli Mohamed Khairul Zhafri bin Haji Mohamed Noor Mohammad Afifi bin Haji Ishak Mohammad Noor Firdhaus bin Yassin Muhammad 'asri Akmal bin Haji Shuip Muhammad Adam bin Ismail Muhammad Adam bin Mohd Yusri Muhammad Firdaus bin Abd Rahman Muhammad Haziq bin Yussof Muhammad Nazirul Azim bin Zulkifle Muhammad Zul Waqar bin Sarbini Mutiah Yunsi Nandini Sreenivasan Pillai Noor Hadziqah Wajiha binti Zufli Nur Aishah Helena Haji Mohd Sharif Nur Atiqah Haji Abas Nur Hazirah binti Mohd Sufian Nur'aqidah binti Haji Norazme Nurhazirah binti Haji Abdul Razak Nurhazwana Jumat Nurul Amajida binti Hj Roslim Nurul Hafizah binti Haji Amdan Nurzafirah binti Haji Zainin Sulia binti Haji Mohamed Salim @ Sulia Goeting Swee Poh Dong Teo Chee Hui Yong Ah Pis

SPONSORS

Platinum Sponsor

Gold Sponsors

!

Silver Sponsors

Bronze Sponsors

Keystone Sponsors

Plenary Lectures Robert Hall

Southeast Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK

Borneo tectonics: Subduction, collision, rotation, extension?

Borneo is the third largest island in the world but from a geological perspective possibly also one of the least well-known. It is not particularly elevated but its interior remains an under- explored challenge. Much of our thinking about Borneo retains notions from the period before plate tectonics onto which have been grafted concepts of geosynclines, suppositions about sutures and subduction zones from the early days of plate tectonics, mixed in with arguments about the significance of palaeomagnetic observations, overlain by assumptions about ages and events. From being seen as part of an ancient Sunda Shield Borneo now appears to be a composite and complex region assembled since the Triassic. Haile (1973) identified many problems with subduction and collision models and the need for new dating, stratigraphic and structural studies. Some of these were undertaken, but in recent years research relevant to Borneo geology has been predominantly hydrocarbon exploration in the offshore areas around the island. These, and previous studies on land, highlight one of the many puzzles presented by the island – the immense volume of sediment derived from it, requiring tectonic explanations. Recent dating has challenged previous assumptions of basement ages, many of which are now seen to be misconceptions. and emphasise the need for new studies on land. New sediment provenance studies show the value of integrating studies on land and offshore, and the importance of improved access to offshore information. Supposed collisions and subduction on the north side of Borneo remain poorly supported by evidence, for example, there are almost no LT/HP metamorphic rocks, and little evidence of volcanic arcs. But during the Cenozoic there were three major deep marine ‘fans’: the Rajang Group, the Crocker Formation and the modern NW Sabah fold and thrust belt. What was their cause? While northern Borneo was active in the , eastern Borneo was passively rifting. Significant magmatism in central Borneo in the Early Miocene, and the Pliocene, is difficult to relate to plate movements. Young uplift of northern Borneo is poorly understood. Neogene extension of the Sulu Sea demands some role for extension in northern Borneo. The use of terminology (spilite, flysch, molasse) and ideas (subduction, collision) from distant lands raises questions about what should be imported. Can Borneo fit a tectonic model derived from elsewhere?

Federica Zaccarini

Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, University of Leoben, Peter Tunner Str. 5, A-8700 Leoben, Austria

Chromitites and associated platinum group elements and minerals in ophiolites: An overview

Several ophiolitic mantle tectonites worldwide host economic deposits of podiform cromitites. Based on the chromite composition, the podiform chromitites are classified as Cr- and Al-rich. The Cr-rich chromitites occur in the supra subduction zone ophiolite (SSZO), whereas the Al- rich chromities can be found in both the SSZO as well as in the middle oceanic ridge ophiolite (MORO). According to literature data, the podiform chromitites show an enrichment in platinum group elements (PGE), especially in the most refractory IPGE (Os, Ir and Ru), compared to their host peridotites. Literature data indicate that the total amount of PGE is higher in Cr-rich chromitites (about 390 ppb) compared to the Al-rich chromitites (about 150 ppb). Consistently with the geochemical signature, the podiform chromitites contain abundant platinum group minerals PGM mainly sulfides, alloys and sulfarsenides in the Ru-Os-Ir system. Most of the PGM form small grains, generally less than 10 microns in size, included in chromite crystal. Therefore they crystallized in the magmatic stage at about 1300 to 1000 C° degrees, prior or concomitantly with the host chromitite during the increasing of the sulfur fugacity. Few podiform chromitites, representing only the 7% of all the studied chromitites, contain also appreciable amounts of PPGE (Rh, Pt and Pd). This enrichment was achieved in the magmatic system, due to the presence of sulfide-rich melt or the segregation of an immiscible sulfide liquid, that collected mainly the PPGE. After, PGE sulfides, antimonides, arsenides and PGE-rich pentlandite crystallized and most of them occur in the silicate matrix, interstitial to the chromite grains. The primary PGM can be modified after their magmatic precipitation, during serpentinization and weathering at low temperature. In particular, the magmatic PGE sulfides can be altered in situ by progressive loss of S and addition of base metals and oxygen, leading to the formation of PGE alloys or oxides. This process generated also secondary sulfides as well as PGE and Ni- Fe alloys that sometimes contain tiny blebs of PGE-rich phases that precipitated as low temperature ex-solution products. The alteration of PGM, generally, caused only re-distribution of PGE on a small scale. Despite of their relatively PGE enrichment and the presence of abundant PGM, the podiform chromitites represent only a future target for the recovery of these metals. The most relevant problems arise from poor recovery of precious metals due to the minute grain size of their host phases (generally less than 10 μm) as well as from the small size of the chromitite bodies enriched in the most valuable PPGE.

Giorgio Garuti

Department of Resource Mineralogy, Peter Tunner Str. 5, Montan Universität, A-8700, Leoben, Austria

Petrogenetic evolution of Ural-Alaskan type mafic ultramafic complexes

The Ural-Alaskan type complexes are a special category of ultramafic-mafic intrusive igneous rocks which have attracted the attention of modern geologists because they host economic deposits of platinum, and represent a puzzling geological feature due to their distinctive zoned structure, peculiar petrologic affinity and uncertain tectonic setting. The erosion of the ultramafic members (dunite, chromitite) in these complexes have generated a sequence placer deposits in which platinum nuggets could concentrate mechanically together with other precious metals (PGE, gold, silver). Noteworthy is the historical event that platinum was first encountered in placer deposits downstream the Chocò complex (Alto Condoto, Colombia) in 1557, and was chemically characterized by Julius Scaliger, in 1753 (Italy). For more than one century, before the discovery of the giant platiniferous reefs of South Africa (1927), the great bulk of the world Platinum production was supplied by placer deposits in the Urals, Colombia, Alaska, and Canada. The Ural-Alaskan type complexes consist of kilometers-scale pipe-like bodies or more extended stratiform lopoliths associated with ancient orogenic belts or deep continental crust of the five continents. Most complexes are relatively younger in comparison with their host terranes, spanning Palaeozoic (Urals, Asian Far East, East Sayan, Eastern Australia, Africa), Mesozoic (Alaska, Canada), and Tertiary times (Colombia). Global tectonics indicate preferential location at modern and ancient convergent plates and subduction-influenced settings, e.g. along the Kamchatka – Aleutian Islands – Alaska – Rocky Mountains – Andean orogenic systems, and the Silurian Island-Arc belts of the Urals and SE-Australia. This observation coupled with geochemical evidence led to conclusion that these complexes were products of syn-collisional igneous activity at the root of island-arc mobile belts, possibly representing the feeder pipes of andesitic volcanoes. Consistently, their ultramafic-mafic assemblages resemble cumulates from hydrous, high-Mg basaltic magmas having andesitic lavas as the complementary liquid fraction. According to other interpretations, the Ural- Alaskan type complexes would be the intrusive correspondents of ankaramitic lavas. Petrographic assemblages indicate successive crystallization of dunite-chromitite, wehrlite- clinopyroxene-magnetite, gabbros with magnetite-ilmenite, and magnetite-rich hornblende, sometimes along with sialic differentiates, granodiorite, syenite. All rocks contain primary amphibole and phlogopite. Bulk-rock and clinopyroxene have high CaO/Al2O3 ratio and show negative REE patterns, being enriched in light and middle REE. K-feldspar and nepheline may appear in gabbros, consistent with an alkaline affinity. Dunite typically lacks primary orthopyroxene that locally occurs as reaction rims. Chromitites are characterized by Al2O3 < 20wt%, and progressive increase of TiO2 (0.35-3.5 wt%), Fe2+# and Fe3+ substitution for Cr, with increasing differentiation. Chromitite initially forms by mixing of new magma with evolved residual liquid after the onset of dunite crystallization (~1200°C): “syngenetic chromitite”. Chromitite formation is protracted down to lower temperatures by infiltration- reaction of most evolved hydrous fluids with solid dunite (~900-700°C). This process generates “epigenetic chromitite” consisting of chromitite-dunite breccias or chromitite- 2+ 3+ amphibole-clinopyroxenite veins, in which chromite has the highest Fe #, TiO2 and Fe # contents, in front the lowest Cr2O3 and Al2O3. All rocks, display slightly positive chondrite- normalized PGE patterns, i.e. (Pt+Pd+Rh)/(Os+Ir+Ru) > 1, and show positive Pt anomaly decreasing from dunite to wehrlite, clinopyroxenite and gabbro. Chromitites can be extremely rich in PGE, typically showing “M” shaped PGE patterns, characterized by marked positive peaks in Ir and Pt. Accordingly, PGM mineralogy consist mainly of Pt-Fe and Ir-Os alloys accompanied by accessory Pt-Rh-Ir thiospinels, Ru-Os sulfides, and minor Pd-minerals. The PGM mostly occur as microscopic inclusions in fresh chromite, although spectacular deposition of Pt-Fe alloys forming, massive aggregates of some kilogram in weight is observed in epigenetic chromitite-dunite breccia, while late chromitite-amphibole- clinopyroxenite veins contain abundant potarite (PdHg). The persistent Pt-Ir anomalies in chromitite and dunite may represent a distinctive signature of Ural-Alaskan type magmas, possibly inherited from their mantle source. This is explained by the evidence that asthenospheric melts display significant negative anomalies of Ir and Pt, suggesting that these metals were retained in the mantle source, by accumulation of refractory alloys during partial melting. Second-stage melting of such a mantle source, under the action of metasomatic fluids, may be at the origin of Pt-Ir rich Ural-Alaskan type magmas. The root of Island arcs is the most obvious locus for fluid-driven metasomatism and repeated partial melting of the mantle residing above subducted crustal slabs. However, zoned intrusions of the East Sayan and Russian Far East were emplaced in sub-continental settings, locally associated with alkaline magmatism, thus suggesting that generation of melts with Ural-Alaskan type distinctive signature may be not an exclusive feature of Islands-arc systems. Evidence acquired so far is not conclusive, and several important questions concerning global tectonics and origin of platinum mineralization in the Ural-Alaskan type complexes still remain open.

Peter O. Baumgartner

1Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Ch-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 2Department of Earth Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama City, 790-8577, Japan

Panthalassa and Neotethys - two giant oceans facing the break-up of Pangea - Mesozoic ocean history and circulation

Peter O. Baumgartner1, Rie S. Hori2, Maximilian Bole1

The two largest Mesozoic oceans have almost totally disappeared from the Earth's surface, with the exception of the Eastern Mediterranean Neotethys remnant. Relics of these giant oceans are preserved in accreted Circum-Pacific terranes and in suture zones of Alpine-Himalayan mountain chains. These oceanic terranes contain ophiolites, i.e. remnants of oceanic basement, plateaus and ancient arcs, as well as radiolarites and other radiolarian-rich siliceous deposits, which are the dominant sediments produced in the world oceans over much of the Phanerozoic (Ordovician to Early Cretaceous, Baumgartner 2013, Hori et al. 1993). Mesozoic radiolarian biochronology, developed over the last 30 years (Baumgartner et al. 1995) has largely contributed to the understanding of the relics of Panthalassa and Neotethys. The break-up of the supercontinent Pangea began during the early Mesozoic with the opening of Neotethys (Fig. 1) within Gondwana, probably as a consequence of back-arc spreading related to the subduction of Paleotethys (Stampfli et al. 2003) Hence, Gondwanian terranes merged Eurasia, leaving of Paleotethys nothing but a suture. During the Late Triassic and Jurassic, Gondwana separated from Eurasia by the progression of Neotethyan ocean basins from east to west. N-America and Eurasia separated from Africa by the formation of the Central Atlantic and the Alpine Tethys since the Early Middle Jurassic. While radiolarite sedimentation continued in Neotethyan basins, this sediment never formed neither in the early Central Atlantic, nor in the Late Jurassic - early Cretaceous Proto-Caribbean. Here, Middle Jurassic clay-rich sediments gave way to the first planktonic carbonates since the Late Jurassic. These "Intra-Pangean" nannofossil carbonates were dominated by Nannoconus during the latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Busson & Noël 1991). This nannofossil group was virtually absent from E-Tethys and Panthalassa. During the Late Cretaceous, planktonic carbonates became widespread and radiolarite deposition became episodic, mostly restricted to times of oceanic anoxic events. The main paleo-oceanographic interpretation of this sedimentation pattern is the late onset of a circum-global equatorial current system. In our opinion, it was only effective during the middle-late Cretaceous, when high eustatic sea level and the emplacement of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province between the Americas created a large marine passage. Mesozoic and, in particular, Jurassic radiolarites in Western Tethys have often been interpreted as the result of equatorial upwelling, due to an equatorial current system flowing through the Tethys-Atlantic-Proto-Caribbean Seaway. We have modeled Middle-Late Jurassic global current systems with a global coupled ocean - atmosphere model (Brunetti et al. 2015). We could not detect any major westward flow of water in the trans-Pangean seaway, both with open and closed variants of the Central American gateway. The young Central Atlantic had a lagoonal circulation with a stratified water column implying low surface fertility during the Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous. Upwelling alone cannot explain Mesozoic radiolarite occurrences throughout circum-Pacific terranes now exposed in Japan, Western North and Central America and . Si and O stable isotope (Bôle et al. herein) data seem to indicate that the Mesozoic world oceans were less under-saturated in silicic acid than the modern oceans, resulting in better preservation of radiolarians and not necessarily in a higher productivity. This is especially true for the Jurassic and can be explained by more warm/humid continental climates brought about by the Pangea beak-up, resulting in increased continental weathering, producing a higher input of silicic acid to the ocean. During the Late Cretaceous, planktonic foraminifera began to compete with radiolarians for food, and diatoms were more efficient in extracting silica from sea water, resulting in a quantitative decline of radiolarites.

CONTENTS

➢ Session 01: Geology 1

➢ Session 02: Petroleum Geophysics and Modelling 21

➢ Session 03: Geodynamics and Geohazards 32

➢ Session 04: Solid Geophysics 38

➢ Session 06: Palaeontology and Stratigraphy in SE Asia 44

➢ Session 07: Biomineralisation 61

➢ Session 08: Palaeo-, Rock and Environmental Magnetism 65

➢ Session 09: Hydrogeology, Hydrology and Water Resources 75

➢ Session 10: Continental vs. Oceanic Lithosphere: Processes and Evolution 81

➢ Session 14: Mineral Resources 90

➢ Session 15: Carbon Sequestration 96

➢ Session 17: Structural Geology and Tectonics 99

➢ Session 18: Earth Sciences in Service of the Environment 102

➢ Session 19: Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in

Earth Sciences 111

➢ Session 20: ArtiLicial Materials and Technology 116

➢ Session 21: General Session 119

Friday 18 November 2017 S01 fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

S02 layers. The textures of the Sandakan Session 01: Formation are fine to very fine grained Petroleum Geology sandstones. The finer the grain sizes, the S03 lower the porosity and permeability of the Chairpersons: Mohamed Ragab formation since it does not have sufficient Shalaby, Md Aminul Islam, Lisa pore spaces for fluid to flow through. The Thieme & Oliver Swientek petrographic analysis through thin section S04 and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

ORAL PRESENTATIONS showed that quartz is the most abundant minerals exist in the Sandakan Formation S06 Wednesday 15 November 2017 rocks. Besides, silica and iron oxides (cementing materials) and authigenic clay minerals such as kaolinite were found in Reservoir characterisation (porosity and this formation as well. These authigenic S07 permeability) of the Sandakan Formation, clay minerals are the in-situ minerals Sandakan Sabah, east Malaysia contained in the rocks which will swell Yun Yin Chuah1, Muhammad Azfar Bin when in contact with water, thus will block S08 Mohamed1 the pore spaces of the rocks. For petrophysical, the porosity of the Sandakan 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Petroleum Formation is determined as moderate Engineering Department. Bandar Seri S09 porosity which range from 13 % to 20 % Iskandar, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul and high permeability values from 10 mD Ridzuan, Malaysia until 100 mD due to the texture of the S10 Shallow marine sandstone has been well sandstones, diagenetic processes and role known as porous and permeable rocks to of cementation.

store the hydrocarbon such as oil and gas. Diagenesis effect and reservoir quality A comprehensive detailed reservoir S14 evolution of Shahejie Formation (Es1 characterisation has to be well understood Member) in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, first before starting hydrocarbon east China production to reduce the error in S15 hydrocarbon commerciality. However, to Muhammad Kashif1, Yingchang Cao1, 1 date, reservoir characteristics of the Guanghui Yuan Sandakan Formation has not been 1China University of Petroleum, East China extensively studied. Hence, a detailed study S17 including sedimentology, petrography and Reservoir quality is one of the key controls

petrophysics were conducted on the on prospectivity during petroleum outcrop in Sandakan Formation to interpret exploration. The Shahejie Formation (Es1 S18 the sedimentary facies and to analyse the Member) of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin is petrographic of sandstones rock of the a typical deeply buried high quality Sandakan Formation. All these information sandstone reservoir in China. Main study S19 is used to evaluate the petrophysical emphasizes on petrographic study characterisation of the Sandakan including SEM, CL, XRD, Fluorescence and Formation which emphasised on porosity electron probing analysis as well as and permeability. Based on sedimentary quantitative determination of reservoir S20 logging of the Sandakan Formation, four characteristics. The sandstone of the study sedimentary facies have been identified, area consists of medium to coarse grain, which are: F1- massive sandstones, F2- moderate to well-sorted lithic arkose and S21 Amalgamated Hummocky Cross- feldspathic litharenite. They are dominated Stratification (HCS) sandstones, F3- Shale by quartz, feldspar and volcanic rock and F4- interbedded sandstone and shale

1 fragments with good reservoir properties. Goru Formation, Lower Indus Basin, The porosity ranges from 0.4-30% and Pakistan permeability 0.005mD to 7000mD. The 1,2 1 formation has undergone complex S.M. Talha Qadri , Md Aminul Islam , M.R. Shalaby1 digenetic episode due to uplic and deep burial. Diagenetic modification were 1 Department of Geological Science, dependent on grains composition, tectonic Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei style and burial depth. Main diagenetic Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong events are identified by compaction, quartz BE1410, Negara Brunei Darussalam 2 cement, clay minerals, and precipitation of Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-Pakistan calcite minerals, iron oxide, alteration and dissolution of unstable minerals like feldspar, volcanic lithic fragments and The present study deals with the tectonically fractured grains. Porosity petrophysical evaluation using well log decreased by compaction, cementation data of Lower Goru Formation from four and precipitation of calcite, and increased selected wells namely Nara-1, Kadanwari- by leaching of metastable grain and 3, Kadanwari-4 and Gajwaro-1. The study dissolution of cements. Porosity and area is located in the Lower Indus Basin of permeability data predicts good inverse Pakistan that has proven hydrocarbon relationship with cement. Quartz, calcite potential. Various cross plots were used and clay are more dominant pore (i.e. Neutron vs. Density; Sonic versus occluding cement and generally occur as Neutron and Sonic versus density) to euhedral to subhedral crystals. Alteration understand the lithological and and dissolution of volcanic lithic fragments mineralogical composition of the Lower and feldspar as well as pressure solution Goru Formation. These cross plots indicate were the main sources of quartz cement. that the formation of interest is mainly Leaching of clay/calcite reduced porosity in composed of sandstone, shale and the marginal section than the central part. carbonates. In addition, clay content is also Mostly feldspar grains and lithic volcanic analysed using potassium versus thorium fragments altered to chlorite and kaolinite. and PEF versus Th/K ratio plots. These plots Mixed layer illite/smectite and illite reduced indicate that mica is the dominant clay type the porosity and permeability. Chlorite along with considerable amount of illite occurs as pore lining and pore filling and chlorite. Interactive Petrophysics (IP- cement. It preserved the porosity and 2013) software were used to assess the permeability at places due to its oil wet petrophysical parameters such as the shale nature which helped to inhibit quartz volume (Vsh), total porosity (PHIT), effective overgrowth and carbonate cement. porosity( PHIE), gross thickness of the Similarly authigenic and mechanical reservoir, net pay, net to gross (N/G), cements like calcite, iron oxide reduced the water saturation (Sw) and hydrocarbon primary porosity whereas the dissolution of saturation (Sh). The volume of shale was feldspar, calcite grains and cement estimated between 8.03-14.07% from the produced secondary porosity. Reservoir studied wells. Similarly the total porosity is quality is mainly controlled by texture, pore observed between 14.6 - 18.02% while the occluding cement, dissolution of unstable effective porosity ranges between 12.5 - minerals and depositional environment. 16.5%. The cross plot between sonic The reservoir partially resumed its pre porosity and neutron-density porosity cementation quality after development of indicate the presence of intergranualr secondary porosity. porosity within the reservoir. The water saturation is quite low and ranges between Application of well log analysis to evaluate 14.05-31.58%. Moreover the hydrocarbon the petrophysical parameters of the Lower

2

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

saturation ranges between 89.95 - 68.42% include volume of clay, porosity, fluid in the studied wells. Nara-1 well having 2 saturation and net-to-gross values. A total pay zones representing as the most prolific of 16 thin section photomicrographs were in terms of hydrocarbon saturation which is analyzed in focusing more detailed about 85%. Similarly Kadanwari-3 has 6 description of the rocks. Computed pay zones and Kadanwari-4 has 3 pay petrophysical parameters on six wells have zones with an average hydrocarbon shown that they have average porosity of saturation of 73.2% and 68.4% 11.6 % with the highest porosity recorded respectively. The presence of number of was on Okoki-1 with 26.2%, average pay zones with higher porosity and hydrocarbon saturation of 69.8% with the saturation indicates that Lower Goru highest hydrocarbon saturation evaluated Formation is characterized by its higher on Pohokura South 1B with 96.6%, hydrocarbon potential within the Lower average net to gross value of 27% and Indus Basin. average volume of clay of 17.9% with the highest recorded value were 82% of McKee Petrophysical and petrographical analysis 16A and 26.2% of Okoki-1 for net to gross of Middle to Late Eocene Mangahewa value and volume of clay respectively. Formation in Basin, New Zealand From the thin section photomicrographs observed, the combination of quartz and Nurzafirah Hj Zainin1, Mohamed Ragab carbonate cementation, compaction and Shalaby1, Md Aminul Islam1 grain contact dissolution are the main 1Department of Geology, Faculty of diagenetic processes which alters and Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, influence the porosity of Mangahewa Brunei Darussalam formation. Despite these porosity-reducing features, they do not have a major , which lies along the influence and hence, do not affect overall western side of the North Island of New reservoir quality. Zealand is one of the country’s largest sedimentary basins. It covers an area of Petrological characteristic and controls oil about 330,000 km² and is currently the enrichment of in Lucaogou Formation tight only producing basin in New Zealand. This reservoir, China paper mainly emphasised the results of a study to determine the hydrocarbon Guoheng Liu1, Zhilong Huang1 potentiality by evaluating the petrophysical 1 and petrographical characters of the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), College of Geoscience reservoir from middle to late Eocene Mangahewa Formation in Taranaki Basin. Lithologic identification and classification of Mangahewa formation is the lowermost reservoirs are the base and keys to oil and formation of the upper part of Kapuni gas exploration. Lithology and lithofacies Group, occurs widely across the basin and obviously control the distribution of oil and is one of the primary exploration targets in gas in lithological reservoirs, so it is of the basin. It has lithology consists of a thick great significance to describe sequence of interbedded sandstone, characteristics of lithology and lithofacies siltstone, carbonaceous mudstone and of reservoirs finely. Lithofacies is an coal. The petrophysical properties from intrinsic property of rock formed under wireline logs that are computed using certain conditions of sedimentation. Fine- Interactive Petrophysics (IP), a PC-based grained sedimentary rocks such as shale software program for reservoir log property formed under different sedimentary analysis. They include log data loading conditions display great particularity and and editing, calculation of properties distinctiveness. Hence, no constant and

3 unified criteria and methods exist for fine- sum up, organic-rich massive shale grained sedimentary rocks regarding lithofacies is the most favourable type of lithofacies definition and classification. lithofacies. Organic-lean massive Consequently, multi-parameters and multi- carbonate lithofacies is impossible for large disciplines are necessary. A series of scale oil accumulation. qualitative descriptions and quantitative analysis were used to figure out the Diffraction enhancement through pre- lithofacies characteristics and its effect on image processing: Applications in field oil accumulation of Lucaogou formation data Sarawak Basin fine-grained sedimentary rocks in Yasir Bashir1, Deva Prasad Ghosh1, Santanghu basin. The qualitative Hammad Tariq Janjuah1, Chow Weng description includes core description, Sum1 petrographic thin section observation, fluorescent thin-section observation, 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Center for cathode luminescence observation and Seismic Imaging (CSI), Department of scanning electron microscope observation. Geoscience, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, The quantitative analyses include X-ray Perak, Malaysia diffraction, total organic content analysis, The future research direction of the industry ROCK-EVAL.II Methodology, soxhlet is to find the small scale reservoir for extraction, porosity and permeability possibly economic hydrocarbon reserves. analysis and oil saturation analysis. Three These includes the super-resolution of full types of lithofacies were mainly well- seismic data including fractured zones, developed in this study area, which is pinch-outs, channel edges, small scale organic-rich massive shale lithofacies, faults, reflector unconformities, salt flanks, organic-rich laminated and cloddy hybrid karst, caves and fluid fronts or in general sedimentary lithofacies and organic-lean these events are called small scattering massive carbonate lithofacies. Organic-rich objects. A new approach which is come in massive shale lithofacies mainly include to the industry called Diffraction imaging. massive shale and tuffaceous shale, of This is a new technology for high-resolution which quartz and clay minerals are the imaging specifically designed to image and major component. Organic-rich laminated identify the small scale fracture in shale and cloddy hybrid sedimentary lithofacies and carbonate reservoirs that form of contain lamina and cloddy structure. Rocks increased natural fracture density. from this lithofacies chiefly consist of Numerical modelling of offset recorded dolomite and quartz. Organic-lean wave propagation suggest that fractures massive carbonate lithofacies mainly may resemble diffractions. This diffraction contains massive bedding fine-grained data can be enhanced by removing the carbonate rocks, of which fine-grained primary and multiple from reflection dolomite accounts for the main part. seismic data. In this paper, Malaysian Organic-rich massive shale lithofacies basin data is used for enhancement of the contain the highest content of free diffraction with pre-image processing and hydrocarbon and solid organic matter. an angle stack of the data at near, mid Moreover, more pores were developed in and far (4.5 degree, 22.5 degree and 31.5 organic-rich massive shale lithofacies. degree) is performed for study the Organic-lean massive carbonate lithofacies amplitude and phase change of diffraction contain the lowest content solid organic hyperbola. As the amplitude of the matter and develops the least amount of diffraction wave achieves its maximum pores. Organic-rich laminated and cloddy value at the detector positioned vertically hybrid sedimentary lithofacies develop the above the end point of the reflector, and it largest number of cracks and fractures. To drop with offset increasing offset-distance

4

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

from this point. The rate of the attenuation reservoir performance of the Alamein of a diffracted wave with offset is greater Formation. than that of the normal reflection wave in the same medium. Further, the effect of offset gather on diffraction is enlightened. Angle stacking is used for amplitude versus offset (AVO) in the industry for direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI) but here these angle stacks are used for the diffraction studies. It is observe in the study that far offset data is gives the better diffraction preservation and far angle stacking provides the poor preservation of diffraction amplitudes. At the last stage the separation of diffraction data is performed that would the input of the diffraction migration.

Formation microscanner providing better answer for carbonate secondary porosity in Alamein Dolomite Formation, NW desert, Egypt

Mohamed R Shalaby1, Nurhazwana Jumat1, Md Aminul Islam1

1Universiti Brunei Darussalam

The use of borehole imaging tools has become widespread in recent years with more specialized studies of reservoir properties, particularly in highly-porous and fractured carbonate systems. In this paper, Formation MicroScanner (FMS) borehole imaging tool and conventional well log data have been used to study the secondary porosity of the dolomite Alamein Formation in the Alamein Field, north Western Desert, Egypt. It was observed under FMS that the formation is intermittently vuggy with solution-filled channels. Well log results confirm that hydrocarbon-filled secondary porosity occurs across the formation. Petrophysical results also show good average effective porosity and hydrocarbon saturation. Core samples photographs confirm the presence of hydrocarbon which fluoresces under UV light. All these findings point to the significance of secondary porosity in the

5

Friday 17 November 2017 poor physical properties and thin bedding. This research provides important clues in Reservoir characterization and stacking exploration and evaluation of the grain patterns of Carbonate Grain Bank: A case bank reservoirs, which is of equal study of Grain Bank of Cambrian significance to the researchers as well as Longwangmiao Formation in the Sichuan oil and gas industry. Basin, China The Champion subsurface rejuvenation – a Long Wang1, Muhammad Riaz1, Khalid fully integrated mapping effort to increase Latif1,2 gains through WRFM, improve well targeting, reduce HSE exposure and unlock 1 School of Earth Sciences and Resources, NFE potential in Brunei’s China University of Geosciences, Beijing largest asset 100083, China

2National Centre of Excellence in Geology, 1 1 University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Tom Savels , Pieter Huver , Gaurav 1 1 Pakistan Mahanti , Sijmen Gerritsen , Jeffry 1 1 Gunawan , Nursyazwani Sani , Faridah- Maziah Abd-Malek1, Farah Azyan Ali Umar Based on the concept of the stacking Safri1, Andy Miller1 pattern of sedimentary cycles to determine and classify sequences, the sequence 1Brunei Shell Petroleum stratigraphic framework of grain bank of Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation is The Champion field is Brunei Shell’s largest established systematically in the Sichuan asset and is key to the Sultanate’s future Basin using core and image logging. The development. To fill the funnel, the asset is results of the study are: (1) the grain bank currently focused on infill, workovers, is composed of two types of meter-scale conversions and NFE opportunities of cycles, i.e. tidal flat and subtidal, and the which more than 50 have been identified. stacking patterns of these cycles constitute Trustworthy maps are key to unlocking this third-order sequence; (2) the grain bank future. shows significantly different stacking It was recognized in 2015 that the current patterns at different depositional phases, geological models did not adequately including the isolated, superimposed and capture the structural complexity of the migrated patterns, which formed at the field. This triggered a “back to basics” stage of transgression, normal regression approach, aimed at improving the quality and forced regression, respectively, and (3) of the subsurface framework. In-house the stacking patterns of grain bank have a reprocessing of legacy seismic data was direct impact on the performance of the undertaken in 2013, improving the seismic reservoir. The migrated pattern grain bank, image quality; this enabled Exploration to with medium thickness and high porosity, redefine the regional structural framework, can be regarded as high quality reservoir. which also had a positive impact on the Although, the superimposed pattern grain understanding of existing wells in these bank has the largest thickness, it performs areas. It became apparent however that as moderate to poor reservoir due to lower isolated updates by different teams would primary porosity, however, the strata after not be sufficient to fully unlock the undergoing karstification during remaining potential of the Champion field, Caledonian movement can now be and the need for an integrated, field-wide considered as a good reservoir, because interpretation and static model update was the dissolution greatly enhanced the recognized. The Champion Subsurface porosity. The isolated pattern grain bank Rejuvenation Project was kicked off in 2016 cannot be regarded as reservoir because of as a collaboration between Exploration,

6

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

the Champion asset, the Geophysics 61.8 to 99.8% and clay volume content department and the Development studies ranges from 14.9 to 34.5%. Mineralogical team. Its aim was to generate a set of study on the McKee Formation classified structurally consistent field-wide maps and the sandstone as arkose based on the QFL velocity model, co-owned across BSP, triangular diagram of the Pettijohn integrating the new regional framework classification. The pore type of the reservoir and seismic interpretation along with well showed predominant intergranular porosity and production data. The project, already as identified from the thin section mature in some areas, is impacting photomicrograph. The good reservoir development decisions in significant ways quality of McKee sandstone is in terms of HSSE (water flood management characterized by the presence of secondary

and associated H2S generations and safe dissolution pores interconnected with the well delivery), WRFM (filling the funnel with primary intergranular network. The infill, well workover and conversion presence of clay minerals, cementation and opportunities) and NFE potential (7 block compaction is identified as the main targets matured post Step 3 and 5 funnel porosity reducing agent of the reservoir entries have been added to the funnel). quality. Argillaceous samples are found This re-emphasis on the importance of the only on certain depths where the pore subsurface has energized the asset; this spaces are filled with either allogenic or energy, with the new opportunities it diagenetic clay. Cementation in the form of generates, will allow the framework to be quartz overgrowth are more common in kept evergreen as new subsurface data is McKee Formation as their presence are acquired, novel processing technology is identified even among well interconnected applied and subsurface understanding pores with little effect as porosity still evolves. After 44 years of drilling there are retains. Heavily cemented sample are still plenty of opportunities to chase in the observed on a relative greater depth where Greater Champion area; for optimal they coexist with compaction effect that maturation and execution thereof caused local lithification of the sample with integration across subsurface disciplines is no visible porosity. Lastly, moderate degree key. of compaction is observed to cause the bending and rearrangement of the grains Integrated reservoir characterization study within the samples. Despite that, pore of the McKee Formation, onshore Taranaki spaces preserved suggesting its stable Basin, New Zealand grain framework. These features however are observed to occur locally on certain Swee Poh Dong1, Mohamed R. Shalaby1, Md Aminul Islam1 depths and does not affect the overall reservoir quality of the McKee Formation as 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam integranular porosity are still observed to be prevalent. The Late Eocene McKee Formation is a producing reservoir rock located on the Approach towards the classification of onshore of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. microporosity in Miocene carbonate rocks, Integrated study of petrophysical and central Luconia, offshore, Sarawak, petrographical analysis are used to Malaysia evaluate the reservoir characteristics of the McKee sandstone. Petrophysical result of Hammad Tariq Janjuhah¹, Ahmed the McKee sandstone showed moderate to Mohammad Ahmed Salim², Abubaker good reservoir quality. The average Alansari², Yasir Bashir¹, Wan Ismail wan porosity ranges from 10.9 to 15.9%, with Yusof ² high hydrocarbon saturation ranges from

7

1Centre for Seismic Imaging, Department of their porosity and permeability. Most of the Geoscience, University Technology depositional textures of the reservoir are PETRONAS, 32610, Tronoh, Perak, leached, making this location unique to Malaysia study facies distribution and diagenetic 2Department of Geoscience, University Technology PETRONAS, 32610, Tronoh, history. Result exhibits that the micrite Perak, Malaysia particles are classified into five classes, which are very fine, fine, medium, coarse Miocene carbonates from Central Luconia, and very coarse, with a diameter of 0.1- offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, contains a 2μm, 2-4 μm, 4-6 μm, 6-8 μm and 8-10 significant amount of micropores, which μm respectively. The texture and occurs in grain, matrix, and cement. For a morphology of micrite microtexture are better understanding of the presence of classified into six classes. Among these six micropores, it is necessary to consider classes, rounded, subrounded, trigonal, grains, matrix, cement, and pore types. rhombic (micro-sub)-polyhedral micrite are Based on the qualitative and quantitative representing porous micrite particles, knowledge of these components a whereas fitted bounded subhedral, and classification of micropores is proposed fitted fused anhedral are interpreted as and their effect on reservoir quality. These tight micrite particles. Furthermore, five results can reduce the number of micropores classes are introduced based assumption made about the internal rock on the size of these particles. The empirical connectivity and quality. For quantitative porosity-permeability relationship is analysis, 32 high-resolution images of affected by the presence of microporosity each thin sections were taken under the and its influences the assessment of transmitted light microscopy. Succeeding ultimate recovery of hydrocarbons in these 32 images were stacked together as Central Luconia, offshore Sarawak, a photo panel to enable quantifying the Malaysia. amount of grain, matrix, cement, pore types and microporosity using Digital Onshore wave-dominated sandstone Image Analysis and J.Microvision software. reservoir characteristics in Sandakan Furthermore, Field Emission Scanning Formation, NE Sabah Basin Electron Microscopy images were used for 1 the measurement of crystallometry Muhamad Firdaus Abd Majid particles, classification of micrite particles 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and the micropores. Eight facies scheme is introduced based on the detailed The Miocene shallow marine sandstone of lithofacies study of five wells. The the Sandakan Formation is a prolific area qualitative observation of thin sections for reservoir quality studies, located in the unveiled that corals, red algae, green Northeast (NE) onshore of Sabah Basin. algae, foraminifera, echinoderms, sponge, The research deals with the bivalve, and bryozoans are the most sedimentological description and dominant components. Foraminifera, red petrophysical evaluation of some algae, and corals are the far most petrophysical properties of core samples dominant components covering almost obtained from the exposed outcrop in 50% of the total intervals. Regarding Sandakan, Sabah. The goal of this study is porosity types, the mouldic porosity is the to characterize onshore wave-dominated far most dominant pore types with sandstone reservoir through facies converting the total 50% of the interval. description, petrophysical properties and Lithofacies observed in these wells indicate hydraulic fluid unit. Correlation of a good reservoir quality, but diagenesis mentioned parameters will establish an plays a vital role in enhancing or reducing evaluation of the reservoir quality. The aim

8

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

was achieved through conducting facies permeability probably associated with the description on the outcrop, numerous presence of kaolinite. laboratory measurement which include petrophysical properties (porosity and Geological field characteristic of black permeability), scanning electron magnetic shales and mudstones of central Sarawak, (SEM), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) Malaysia evaluation were carried out in order to Walaa Elnasir Ibrahim1, Abdul Ghani MD determine reservoir characteristics. Massive Rafek2, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Salim3 bedded of wave-dominated sandstone can be defined into 2 facies: (1) Hummocky 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, cross stratified (HCS) sandstone (F1); (2) Department of Geoscience, Perak Darul Interbedded HCS sandstone with mudstone Ridzuan, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Tronoh- (F2). These facies consist of similar texture Malaysia which is fine to very fine grained with sub- This paper examines the Cretaceous – angular to sub-rounded grained, and Upper Pliocene shale and mudstone moderate to well sorted. Facies F1 outcrops in Central Sarawak. Related represent by slightly white in colour of geological studies focused basically on clean sandstone suggest that high sand sandstones and coals of Sarawak Basin, content, while Facies F2 shows dark grey in with no comprehensive outcrop study on colour of shaly sandstone suggest that high lithological variations in the black shales mud content. Facies F1 derived from and mudstone formations. Detailed shoreface environment, while Facies F2 is a lithological variations of these formations part of offshore transition zone. Facies F1 will allow us discretize potential gas shale has good potential in reservoir quality, with intervals. Therefore, the aim of this study is good porosity and permeability values to investigate the field geological from 20% to 24% and 15 mD to 82 mD characteristics of the Black shales and respectively. While Facies F2 with low mudstone formations of Central Sarawak permeability values 3 mD exhibits poor by using outcrop description, sedimentary reservoir quality, probably due to high log analysis, spectral gamma ray data and content of mud. The petrophysical flow unit geochemical characteristics (TOC %) of the concept is adopted in this study to selected mudstones and black shales. The categorize reservoir rock quality. Flow zone study covers Nyalau, Tatau, Begrih, Liang indicator (FZI) has been computed to and Belaga formations. Representative quantify the flow character of the samples of various formations of mudstone Sandakan Formation reservoir rock. Three and black shales were subjected to detailed hydraulic flow unit (HFU1 and HFU2) were description in terms of lithology, structures determined in the studied outcrop, indicate and stratigraphy to improve the geological that FZI values show a broad range of understanding of the area. Features such hydraulic properties. HFU2 can be as laminations, sandstone intercalations in classified as a good reservoir quality the shale, coal lenses, iron nodules, phyllite correlated to Facies 1. HFU1 in the other inclusions and faulting were identified. This hand is poor reservoir quality correlated to study will aid the subsequent analysis of Facies 2. Mineralogically, SEM result shale fabric and mineralogy using X-ray revealed that the kaolinite is the most diffraction (XRD) technique and surface dominant pore-filling of those quartz and morphology visualization (SEM) to confirm feldspar minerals, followed by pore-filling the concentration of the mineral in the illite. The existence of these clay minerals rock. The total organic carbon (TOC %) was confirmed by XRD test using clay values vary from 0.8% to 3.2%, suggesting separation method. Higher values of that fair to good generative potential.

9

Saturday 18 November 2017 Probability of facies occurrence in Mangahewa Formation, , Geochemical characterization of mass New Zealand transport complex shale and its potential as 1 1 a source rock in Jatiluhur Formation, AKM Eahsanul Haque , Md Aminul Islam , Mohamed Ragab Shalaby1 onshore West , Indonesia

1Universiti Brunei Darussalam Ratna Widiarti1, Epo Prasetya Kusumah1, 1 Wahyuningrum Angesti Lestari , Abang For Mangahewa reservoir of Maui Gas 1 Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha , Teuku Lutfhi Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, 1 1 Maulana , Alawy Zulfikar eighteen depo-facies were identified. These facies account for a set of particular 1Universitas Pertamina depositional environment and are further Shales in mass transport complex to grouped into three broad facies generate hydrocarbon source rock are associations. The actual occurrence of a poorly understood. This study describes a particular facies interpreted on the logs is deep-water slump facies shale of the Early maintained across the gas field in all Miocene Jatiluhur/Cfibulakan Formation to available wells and is manually picked understand its potential as a source rock in following the log motifs seen from the log onshore West Java. The formation is response of the studied wells to determine equivalent with the Gumai Formation, facies and associated depositional which has been well-known as another environments. The variability of the facies prolific source rock besides the Oligocene depends on the palaeo-depositional Talang Akar Formation in North West Java structure, geological conditions, local sea Basin, Indonesia. The equivalent shale level fluctuation and sedimentation rates. formation is expected to have same Analyses of the depo-facies distribution potential source rock towards the onshore and the probability statistics using Data of . The shale samples were Analysis (DA) process in Petrel 2013.1 taken onshore, 150 km away from the along with all possible wells show that basin. The shale must be rich of organic estuarine channel sands (32%), shoreface matter, have good quality of kerogen, and sands and tidal channel fills (44%) are the thermally matured to be categorized as a most frequent facies according to the potential source rock. Investigations from probability distribution within the model. petrography, X-Ray diffractions (XRD), and Whereas shelfal mudstone constitutes only backscattered electron show heterogeneous 7% of the total facies. Depo-facies mineralogy in the shales. The mineralogy modelling also shows that within marginal consists of clay minerals, minor quartz, marine (MM) environment, tidal channel muscovite, calcite, chlorite, clinopyroxene, fill, point bar and mouth bar sands occupy and other weathered minerals. This 28% of cells within the facies model and composition makes the shale more brittle. tidal flats (sand flat/ mixed flat/ mudflat) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) constitute 10% of cells. Whereas estuarine analysis indicates secondary porosities and channel sand dominates with 26% of cells microstructures. Total Organic Carbon on the modelled reservoir. We also have (TOC) shows 0.8-1.1 wt%, compared to the observed that over 90% of the interpreted basinal shale 1.5-8 wt%. The shale facies have 10-20m of thickness. It is to be properties from this outcropped formation remembered that while generating the indicate a good potential source rock that model, facies classes, their possible can be found in the subsurface area with occurrence in logs and distribution in better quality and maturity. present-day morphology are taken into consideration to logically distribute the

10

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

modelled facies in horizontal as well as phase. For example, 3D DAS (distributed vertical distribution. acoustic sensing) VSP (vertical seismic profile) technology. This type of surveys has Application of technology to derisk and been proven to provide a sharper image, reduce structural uncertainty in Anduki field given the increased frequency bandwidth development recorded and the higher spatial sampling (smaller receiver spacing, almost Shafie Alipudin1, Carlos Nieto1, Marzuki continuous). These images help reduce Daud1, Oladiran1, Olanrewaju Abidemi1, fault positioning and structural dip Azim Salleh1, Zayani Zaini1, Hamizah uncertainties and hence de-risk well Hamzah1, Metassan Metussin1 placement. Additionally, these may also 1Brunei Shell Petroleum provide an image able to resolve sub- compartmentalization caused by intra- The Anduki area has been producing since block faults, thus further de-risking the 1955, it is relatively a less developed area location of oil producers and injectors. For compare to the rest of Seria field. To rest shallower depth targets we have used production decline, the asset is currently marine 3D high resolution seismic survey focusing on future infill and NFE to successfully de-risk sub- opportunities in this area of which more compartmentalization and to image gas than 10 drilling wells opportunities have caps. To ensure full block drainage been identified. The most significant coverage and de-risk compartmentalization increase in drilling activity in the Anduki a horizontal well concept was proposed to area today is the DEPO campaign (Darat replace the fishhook well concept used in Early Phase Opportunity Phase 1 & 2). The the previous developmental phases. The onshore campaign was started in 2010 Anduki drilling campaign demonstrates the and the last well was completed in 2014. importance of technology to de-risk As result, a total of 17 producers and 17 structural uncertainty such as intra-block injectors were drilled within 4 years. compartmentalization, fault positions and Integrating learnings from the previous dip uncertainty. De-risking and reducing campaign into the upcoming development these uncertainties is critical for a marginal concept is very critical and valuable for the field development such as Anduki. project. From the after action review of the last DEPO campaign, the biggest risk and Fluid characterization based on intrinsic uncertainty in the Anduki area is structural properties analysis of fluid using adaptive uncertainty. Structural uncertainties covers Batzel-Wang method on field “M” reservoir inter block compartmentalization, fault conditions positioning and structural dip uncertainties. 1, 1 Intra block compartmentalization has Muhammad Iksan Reza Wardhana , M. 1 2 known to ultimately impact reserve and Syamsu Rosid , M. Wahdanadi Haidar hence the economics of the well by 1 reducing production drainage area and oil Physics Department, FMIPA Universitas producer and water injector connectivity. Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia 2JOB Pertamina Petrochina , Structural uncertainties such as fault Menara Kuningan Lt. 18 & 20, Jakarta positioning and dip uncertainty has 12940, Indonesia resulted into sub-optimal well penetration and in some cases well must be Physical properties and phases of the fluid sidetracked for recovery (resulting in under the reservoir conditions are different increased cost). The asset team has come from the surface conditions. The value of up with numerous efforts to mitigate these the fluid property may change as a result uncertainties for the next development of changes in pressure and temperature.

11

Analysis of the intrinsic properties of the experimental data in laboratories especially fluid is carried out to obtain fluid model in fields with high reservoir pressure and that correspond to the fluid condition in the temperature. Results from fluid modelling reservoir. can then be used for Rock Physic modelling This study uses Adaptive Batzel-Wang and Fluid Replacement model analysis. model which combines thermodynamic relationship, empirical data trends, and Imaging through mega gas clouds in offshore Brunei experimental fluid data in the laboratory to see the effect of pressure and temperature Suni Sulaiman1, Joshua Turner2, Andrew on fluid properties. Adaptive Batzel-Wang Carnell1 method is made because Batzel-Wang's 1 calculations are used less suitable in Brunei Shell Petroleum, Jalan Utara, Seria, KB3534, Brunei describing the physics properties of fluid in 2 Shell Exploration and Production accordance with the fluid conditions in the Company, Houston, USA field of this research area, so the Batzel- Wang fluid model needs to be modified to The presence of gas clouds has long been get fluid model that adjust to the fluid recognized as a significant problem in property conditions in each research area. seismic data processing. Gas produces In this study, the Adaptive Batzel-Wang strong absorption, causing wipe out zones model can model three types of fluid i.e. and can seriously mask the coherency of oil, gas, and water. By utilizing fluid the structure beneath it. Prospecting under intrinsic property data such as the specific these gas clouds has long been a values of gravity gases (G), Gas-Oil Ratio challenge in Brunei and the rest of the (GOR), Oil FVF (Bo), API values, Salinity, world alike. In Block A, East Offshore and Fluid Density obtained from laboratory Brunei, the sheer size and complexity of experiments, Batzel-Wang fluid model was these mega gas clouds pose severe modified to Adaptive Batzel-wang by imaging problems to the structure finding equations to calculate the fluid underneath. In 2013, an improvement in intrinsic properties corresponding to the imaging quality has been achieved with the fluid properties conditions at the pressure help of the advanced QPSDM technology and temperature of the field reservoir. and application of “gas-bags modelling” The results obtained are bulk modulus on the East Deep 3D Broadband survey. value (K), density (ρ), and speed of P-wave However, a very significant uplift was (v) of the fluid under reservoir conditions. further obtained in 2015 after a more The Adaptive Batzel-Wang model has a focused re-processing of the broadband correlation coefficient value with data, by replacing normal velocities in experimental fluid data in the laboratory geologically rendered “gas-bags” with reaching 0.95 so this model is good significantly-slower-than-water velocities in enough to calculate the fluid properties that a bracketed and iterative approach. The correspond to the reservoir conditions in workflow includes a combination of this research area. The Adaptive Batzel- acoustic Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) and Wang model generates a unique equation ray-based tomography to address the solution in calculating the fluid properties imaging challenges in the presence of in each research area so that this model complex gas clouds. This presentation can adjust to the fluid property conditions describes how Shell and CGG finally under the pressure and temperature produced an improved and robust conditions of the field reservoir we wish to coherent image of a large faulted anticline study. by applying detail velocity modelling and Therefore, Adaptive Batzel-Wang can be employing the latest FWI & Q-Reverse Time used in various fields that have fluid Migration (QRTM) processing technologies

12

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

to its broadband data. The processing package consists of four parts: FWI for the velocity in the shallow gas clouds, FWI- guided Q tomography for a high- resolution absorption model, geology- guided scenario testing for the velocity within the deep gas clouds and Q TTI RTM for the multi-pathing and energy attenuation issues during migration. The result of this seismic reprocessing project allowed recognition of a faulted anticlinal structure with promising internal stratigraphy and lead to the maturation of a prospect and a well to be drilled in Block A East Offshore Brunei. The authors would like to thank SDB, CGG, EIDPMO and Petroleum BRUNEI for the permission to present the data and publish this work.

13

expulsion history of the source rocks, trap POSTER PRESENTATIONS development history and accumulation history, the shallow oils mainly originated Exploration targets on the deep residual from palaeo-reservoirs in the Es3 and Es1 palaeo reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag: Insight during the period of Neotectonism, and the from organic geochemical characteristics residual palaeo-reservoirs in the Es3 and of source rocks and oils Es1 would be the focus targets in the Lixin Pei1, Zhilong Huang1, Wenzhe Gang1 Nanpu sag; Bohai Bay basin.

1China University of Petroleum-Beijing Source rock characteristics and its significance on tight oil source and Organic geochemistry of source rocks in occurrence: A case study of Permian the Nanpu sag, Bohai Bay basin was Lucaogou formation in the Santanghu studied on the base of the results of Rock- Basin, northwest China Eval pyrolysis on 140 samples and Guoheng Liu1, Zhilong Huang1 biomarker analysis on 30 source rock samples. The possible source rocks consist 1China University of Petroleum, Beijing of the third member (Es3) and the first member (Es1) of Shahejie Formation and In a broad sense, tight oil refers to oil the third member of Dongying Formation resources accumulated in tight sandstone (Ed3) in the Nanpu sag. The Es3, Es1 and or tight carbonate reservoirs that are Ed3 in the Nanpu sag all have high interbedded with, or are close to, source organic-matter richness and hydrocarbon- rocks. However, in a narrow sense, tight oil generating potential, and can be refers to oil resources that have considered as effective source rocks. The accumulated in tight sandstone or tight three possible source rock intervals have carbonate reservoirs in relation to different biomarker associations and were discharge and migration from adjacent deposited in different environments. The source rocks. Significant progress has Es3 is characterized by relatively high recently been made in tight oil exploration gammacerane/αβ C30 hopane (>0.09), within the Permian Lucaogou (P2l) high ETR ([C28+C29]/ [C28+C29+Ts]) Formation of the Santanghu Basin. (>0.4), low C27 diasterane/sterane (<1.0) However, current tight oil explora6on and low C27/C29 steranes (<1.13), and deployment of the P2l Formation is mainly was deposited in and saline-water, anoxic based on reservoir prediction, which is high conditions with high contribution from risk for tight oil exploration. In this study, terrestrial organic matter (TOM). In the geological and geochemical contrast, the first member of the Shahejie characteristics of the P2l Formation source Formation (Es1) and the third member of rocks, including the distribution, the Dongying Formation (Ed3) were sedimentary environment, organic matter characterized by low gammacerane/αβ abundance, kerogen types and thermal C30 hopane (<0.09), low ETR (<0.4), and maturity were investigated. Hydrocarbon were deposited in freshwater-dominated, generation and expulsion intensity were anoxic conditions, but have different C27 evaluated through an improved diasterane/sterane (0.73-1.08 and 0.72- hydrocarbon generation potential 2.24, respectively) and C27/C29 steranes methodology, and the significance of (0.94-1.47 and 1.12-1.82, respectively). source rocks in tight oil source and Based on the oil-source rock correlation, occurrence was systematically investigated. the shallow oils mainly originated from the Results indicate that P2l Formation source Es3 and Es1 source rocks in the Nanpu rocks with total organic carbon >1.0 wt% sag. Through hydrocarbon generation and occur widely (an area up to 1500 km2), are

14

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

thick (up to 160 m), were deposited in a migration from a petroleum reservoir to lacustrine weakly reducing sedimentary underground surface. This secondary environment with relatively low salinity, migration is generated in Fang Basin, have a high total organic content with a northern part of Thailand. Its chemical mean value of 3.12 wt%, are dominated by characteristic can be classified type II kerogen and have reached the early hydrocarbon as paraffinic, intermediate mature to mature stage. Modelling results paraffinic, aromatic, and asphaltic classes, indicate that the source rocks reached the in the ratio of 5 : 10 : 4 : 1, respectively. Its hydrocarbon generation threshold and property signifies two types of paraffinic hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 0.48% and intermediate classes. The volumetric and 0.86% vitrinite reflectance, flow rates implicate to petroleum migration respectively. The comprehensive which refers to hydrocarbon classifications. hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was These specify possibility of migration with approximately 30%, and the maxima of the mass flow of hydrocarbon class. hydrocarbon generation and expulsion Relationship of their volumetric flow rates intensities for P2l Formation source rocks can estimate the combination of the are 1200 × 104 and 425 × 104 t/km2. volumetric flow rates as a function of mass The tight oil is sourced from adjacent of flow rates with three classifications: source rocks that are interbedded with, or conventional crude oil, heavy crude oil, are close to, the reservoirs. The migration bitumen. Fang crude petroleum classes are of oil generated from the source rocks bitumen to heavy crude oil, and can be occurs over very short distances. The oil predicted a trend of the migration zones of filling degree index (oil bearing heavy crude oil, heavy crude oil-bitumen, thickness/P2l Formation thickness) is higher and bitumen zone. Thus, evaluation results at a closer proximity to the source rocks, reveal that the slow volumetric flow rates and where it is higher the hydrocarbon relates to pressure depths, petroleum generation intensity of the source rocks is migration, and crude petroleum also elevated. In addition, the greater the classification. hydrocarbon expulsion intensity of the source rocks, the higher the daily oil A study of shallow marine sediments in production values (ton/day) from prospect eastern Brunei, based on outcrop and wells. subsurface data

Secondary migration related to volumetric Nur Munirah Haji Brahim, Syahida Haji flow rates of fang crude oil in oil sandstone Mat Daud Amalul Rahman, Andrew reservoir, northern part of Thailand Carnell

1 Shell Deepwater Borneo Sarunya Promkotra University of Brunei Darussalam

1Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of Surface outcrops can provide useful Technology, Khon Kaen University, analogues to subsurface geology, Khon Kaen, Thailand providing information on facies interrelationships, depositional architecture Crude petroleum migration as the laminar and lateral continuity at a scale not flow in incompressible fluids and possible in the subsurface. This is hydrocarbon classification is a principal particularly useful in areas where there is study to crude petroleum flow rate related limited well coverage or where seismic to Darcy’s law and Hagen-Poiseuille law in image quality is sub-optimal. In this study mass of flow rates. Crude petroleum emphasis was placed on shallow marine to classification is apprehensive for its marine marginal sediments with the

15 modern-day Brunei Bay and its environs ripple cross-lamination). Widespread being a reasonable modern analogue. bioturbation masks primary sedimentary Three outcrops in Brunei-Muara were structures. Outcrops were compared to selected to give a range of facies wireline logs from offshore exploration relationships and sandstone continuity. wells and allow for a greater appreciation Outcrops were studied in detail, recording of potential stacking patterns and lateral details of lithology, grain size, colour, sand continuity. Outcrops were further sorting, structure, and sedimentary and compared to seismic reflecting a further biogenic features (burrows, scours, loss of resolution, but also illustrating the lamination, etc.). Outcrop geology was greater scale of exploration and compared to well logs and time-domain development. seismic covering four exploration wells located offshore Brunei. Seria redevelopment project: Two outcrops were studied in the Sungai Unconventional approaches to develop the Akar Landfill Site, Brunei-Muara District. shallow reservoirs of the sleeping Giant- They are on the eastern limb of the Seria field Berakas syncline and are of the Early to Syazwina Rosli1, Steve Brown1, Chantorn Late Miocene Belait Formation. The Butphet1, David Hill1, Aizulkahar Johan1, westerly outcrop is stratigraphically deeper Liew Yee Yung1, Metassan Haji Metussin1 and consists of sandstones and variably carbonaceous shales. The lower (basal 1Brunei Shell Petroleum 40m) portion of the outcrop is sandstones dominated and shows overall upwards The Seria Field was discovered in 1929, thickening. Sandstones are commonly and is still in production today and has erosively based and show well developed produced ca. 184mlmM3 of oil from over hummocky cross-stratification. This sand 1000 wells during its 80+ years of rich section is overlain by thinly production history. This contribution interbedded ripple (wave and current) however, only came from ~40% of sands laminated sands and shales (21m) with the available and ~20% of the total number of latter becoming more prominent and fault bounded blocks in the field. Maximum carbonaceous upwards. The upper most oil production since the 1950s has steadily beds mark a return to deposition of declined- in which the oil was hummocky cross-stratified sandstones. predominantly derived from easy “sweet The second Sungai Akar outcrop (~300m spots” using primary recovery method of northeast), is shale rich and comprises a pressure depletion. Efforts of using series of upwards cleaning units capped by secondary recovery via waterflooding has sandstones with ripple lamination, cross- also been done in the some parts of the stratification, clay interbeds, flaser bedding field, but this method proved to be and sand-filled burrows (Prominent challenging due to several reasons- one of Ophiomorpha). Sharp based channelised them being the complexity of the faulting in sandstones are apparent in the shales. The the field. However, in recent years there third outcrop is in , Bandar on the have been several attempts to rejuvenate eastern hinge of the Berakas syncline. It is the field, with the opportunity to maximize in the Middle to Upper Miocene Miri ultimate oil recovery in the shallow Formation and comprises sandstones and reservoirs of Seria Field -the part of the shales arranged into an overall coarsening field where they are commonly bypassed to upwards succession. Sandstones are get to deeper reservoir targets, by typically sharp based and show a range of demonstrating effective low cost depositional fabrics (hummocky cross- development approaches and an stratification, herringbone lamination, unconventional subsurface workflow. A full field structural model was built in 2015

16

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

which combines all the blocks in Seria field Depositional controls on source rock which were previously only modelled block quality and hydrocarbon potential of by block, according to the business needs. tertiary deltaic sediments in Brunei This model provides not only a better Darussalam understanding of the Seria Field 1 1 1 structurally, but also by integrating this N M Gardner , M Dixon , l Thieme , Oliver 1 2 2 newly found geological understanding with Swientek , P Kralert , Georgios Siavalas , 3 petrophysical evaluations, we have the Lieyana Azffri ability to focus on the areas in the field that 1Brunei Shell Petroleum Sdn Bhd, Brunei still has unlocked potentials. Darussalam 2Shell Global Solutions International B V, Critical porosity and volume of clay the Netherlands analysis for reservoir quality identification 3Universiti Brunei Darussalam of Cibulakan Bawah Formation, northern west Java Basin Studies to date in Brunei's Baram Basin have been unable to identify a source rock Dona Sita Ambarsari1 capable of generating the country's significant oil and gas volumes. 1 Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Geochemical characteristics of the produced hydrocarbons indicate a Rock quality is a method to classify rocks terrigenous organic matter origin. While with similar geological conditions, or this terrestrial material is clearly fed from similarity of physical parameters. The the delta plain, the preservation and burial quality of reservoir depends on the value of within the delta front/prodelta is not widely porosity and permeability. A reservoir with understood. high porosity and permeability classified as In this study, outcrop samples covering a high quality reservoir. In petroleum range of different depositional settings engineering, Kozeny-Carman relation used were evaluated and submitted for standard to classify rock quality based on similarity source rock and petrographic analyses. of pore structure and pore geometry. Rock The objectives of the work were to physics data such as P-wave velocity, S- determine how source rock richness and wave velocity, density and the other quality vary within a broader depositional supporting data such as routine core, SCAL context and, ipso facto, to better and XRD data are used as input to obtain understand the hydrocarbon potential of physical parameters that can represent the Tertiary deltaic sequences under geometry and pore structure, i.e. critical current/future exploitation for petroleum porosity derived from Nur’s model and the development in Brunei. volume of clay. Critical porosity represents Samples were collected from eight different a grain size that proportional to pore outcrop locations. The sample set was geometry, while volume of clay classified into in-situ (IC) and transported proportional to pore structure. These two (TCC and TCF) coal/coaly shales physical parameters, indirectly affect the respectively and prodelta shales (DS). The value of porosity and permeability which transported samples were sub-divided into leads to determining reservoir quality. The two distinct groups to distinguish coal/coaly results of this study successfully shale clasts in a sandstone matrix (TCC) demonstrated that the critical porosity and versus finely disseminated coal/coaly volume of clay are the physical parameters shales in a sandstone matrix (TCF). that can be used as an indicator to classify IC samples were found to have total the reservoir quality. organic carbon (TOC) contents of up to 66 wt% and hydrogen index (HI) values up to

17

259 mgHC/gTOC. TCC samples displayed data and well log data. Both the seismic TOCs up to 61 wt% with HIs as high as and well log data are widely used in 318 mgHC/gTOC, while the TCF group hydrocarbon exploration to map the displayed TOCs up to 8 wt% and HIs up to subsurface as they complement each other 127 mgHC/gTOC. For the DS category, where well logs yield the vertical resolution TOCs were less than 1 wt% and HIs less of the subsurface geology at the drilled than 100 mgHC/gTOC. All samples wells. The objective of this paper is to analysed were found to be thermally demonstrate the integration of seismic data immature (%Ro≈0.5; Tmax<430oC), free and well log data for lithofacies of contaminants and unaffected by identification. Interpretation and analysis of weathering. lithofacies is carried out through the Petrography results indicated vitrinite was integration of seismic geomorphology with the most abundant maceral, liptinite well logs. Horizons are interpreted based contents between 7 and 24 vol% on on the variation in seismic reflections on kerogen basis for both the IC and the seismic section, which is caused by the TCC/TCF sample sets and cutinites and geology change within seismic sequences. resinite as the main liptinite maceral Geophysical well logs are as well used to groups. identify lithofacies. Well logs give detailed In summary, geochemical and information at the points where the wells petrographic analyses indicate that source were drilled. Interpolating between these rock and hydrocarbon potential exist in points and extrapolating away from the both in-situ and transported depositional points into undrilled areas can be helpful in settings evaluated. The IC and TCC providing a better geological knowledge samples showed higher quality and greater on the area. The result of this integrated liquid potential over the TCF. However, it is study with lateral and vertical facies notable that any source or liquid distribution constraints depict the lithofacies hydrocarbon potential is evident in the in the area. This integrated study will delta shelf transported organic matter. provide a better insight with higher degree These results indicate that the thick Tertiary of reliability to the facies distribution and clastics of Brunei cannot be excluded as depositional setting of the X Field. The being responsible in total or in part for the geological and geophysical aspects of the present day accumulations of liquid and field will be documented. gas in Brunei Darussalam. Occurrence, distribution and origin of Integrated study of lithofacies identification shallow biogenic gas in late quaternary in X field, Sabah, Malaysia unconsolidated sand deposit of Shahbazpur structure, 1 1 Jia Qi Ngui , Maman Hermana , Deva southern Bangladesh Ghosh1 Morshedur Rahman1, S.M. Mainul Kabir1, 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Faculty of Badrul Imam1, AKM Eahsanul Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering, Haque2, Md Al Amin1 Department of Geosciences, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia 1University of Dhaka 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam Understanding the subsurface geology is essential for oil and gas exploration. Gas occurrences at shallow depth have Seismic facies interpretation is very useful been a common feature noticed in alluvial in investigating this concept. The plain in shallow water well drillings in interpretation of the depositional setting of southeastern part of Bangladesh. the X Field is achieved by integrating the The gas occurs in recent (< 2 Mya) alluvial seismic facies characteristics on 3D seismic sediments at shallow depths and flows in a

18

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

range of few hours to several days before WOF are identified as gasoline and being exhausted. The only exception is the lubricating oil distillate, respectively. The shallow gas occurrence in Bhola Island, petroleum accumulation in SGF is situated which flows from almost similar depth but in deeper reservoir and older age than has been consistently flowing for more than WOF. The structural trap of WOF is ten years. This shallow gas occurs within controlled by fault, and then the API gravity the recent deposit of Holocene age of is lessening. Dissolved gas and viscosity of Shahbazpur structure at the depth of 260m SGF are found less, but are found more in to 290m. This recent deposits are WOF. The calorific values as a function of composed of unconsolidated sand with thin methane content indicate that the deeper clay layers. The individual shallow gas reservoir of SGF shows the higher calorific pools is discontinuous and indicates that value, which is relevant to deeper reservoir the shallow reservoir sand bodies have than the shallow reservoir of WOF. The frequent facies change, which implies their contribution of petroleum system in this lateral extension are limited. lithostratigraphic unit initiates from the Field data collected all over the Bhola good reservoir rock of carbonates of SGF island shows that the shallow gas and also volcanic and sandstone of WOF. accumulation are only located in Seal of both petroleum fields is mudstone Burhanuddin upozila. Entirely composed of which covers above the reservoir rocks. methane, very high methane-ethane (+) Another criterion is mature source rock (>1000) ratio and high dryness value which is also mudstone. (>0.99) of shallow gas is suggestive of its biogenic origin. A geophysical approach in construing the onshore extension of Penyu Basin: Relationship of lithostratgrafic unit and Offshore Tertiary sediments and petroleum qualities in some palaeoenvironnent delta connection to gas field and oil field of Thailand Pahang River Delta

Radziamir Mazlan1, Abdul Ghani Abd Namthip Khuncharee1, Sarunya Rafek2, Khairul Arifin Bin Md Noh3, Promkotra1, Tawiwan Kangsadan2 Ashley Aisyah Yoong4

1Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of 1Department of Geosciences, Universiti Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Teknologi PETRONAS, MALAYSIA Kaen, Thailand

2Chemical and Process Engineering (CPE) 30 well data from onshore Pekan, Pahang Program, The Sirindhorn International Thai- German Graduate School of Engineering and 5 wells offshore at Penyu basin have (TGGS) King Mongkut's University of shown that the Quaternary sediments are Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), present in both onshore and offshore Thailand Pekan with the Tertiary sediments only present in offshore. The absence of the , Sinphuhorm Gas Field (SGF) Tertiary sediments can be explained based is placed in Permian carbonate reservoir, on the results found on the offshore wells and characterized as the anticline fold of penetrating the Penyu basin. These wells carbonate rocks. Another petroleum that penetrated the delta structure in Penyu reservoir, half-graben basins, is Wichian basin suggested a possible linkage Buri Oil Field (WOF), where accumulates in between Pekan and Penyu basin through Tertiary sandstone and volcanic rocks. Both palaeoenvironment evolution where the Chemical substances of SGF and WOF are Tertiary sediments were deposited from composed of iso-parraffins, cyclo-paraffins, continental (older sediments) to marine aromatics, and resin in the ratio of 2:5:1:0 environment (younger sediments). The and 5:10:4:1, respectively. Thus, SGF and

19 relative sea level history in the vicinity of the study area also suggested that transgression occurred causing the termination of the Tertiary sediments and bringing the Pahang River delta front to be located to where it is in the present day.

Thus, to support this theory of a possible basin extension, this paper aims to delineate different basement rocks and its corresponding anomalies of the free-air and Bouguer anomalies at Pekan, Pahang as well as to understand the offshore tertiary sediments and palaeoenvironnent delta connection to Pahang River Delta. This paper presents the reprocessing results of available land and satellite-derived gravimetry for Pekan, Pahang and its adjacent area, Penyu Basin. The outcome from the Bouguer anomalies, supported by available well data and interpreted seismic sections revealed that the basement rocks configuration of the area deepens towards the shoreline in the E-W direction. There are two different types of basement rocks that is present in the study area that contributed to the free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies, namely Granite and Metasediment, with the offshore wells also penetrated the same basement rocks, showing a possible link between the basement rocks of the two areas. Furthermore, the possible termination of the Tertiary sediments in the transition zone between Pekan, Pahang and Penyu basin as well as the presence of overlying Quaternary sediments may correspond to the possible onshore extension of Penyu Basin.

20

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

meaningful outputs can be produced. The S02 Session 02: drive to explore for deeper targets in Brunei

Petroleum highlights the need for understanding the S03 pressure and porosity distribution to optimise the exploration of deeper targets Geophysics and and to make safe drilling decisions. In Modelling 2016 a first Brunei-wide basin model was S04 Chairpersons: Md Aminul Islam constructed in the BSP Earth Model. Due to & Mohamed Ragab Shalaby its size and respective computational requirements, the resolution was limited to S06 a 500x500m grid cell size that limited the ORAL PRESENTATIONS effectiveness for applying the model to exploration efforts. The next phase of the S07 Wednesday 15 November 2017 earth model was to create a high- resolution basin model focusing on a

Petroleum systems modelling challenges in smaller area with a grid cell size of Brunei 100x100m to improve the resolution and S08 provide a better understanding of the Oliver Swientek 1, Matthias Keym 2, Lisa subsurface. Detailed regional seismic Thieme 1 interpretation, calculation of seismic S09 attributes for facies assignment and revised 1 fault interpretation underpins the high- Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Sdn. Bhd., Jln Utara, Panaga, Seria KB3534, Negara resolution approach. Challenges still Brunei Darussalam remain in understanding the source rock S10 2 Shell Global Solutions (Malaysia) Sdn. facies, fault timing/tectonic evolution, and Bhd., MENARA SHELL, No.211, Jln Tun the influence of compressional tectonics on Sambantham, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, point after pore pressure evolution The first Malaysia S14 step is to use analogues to understand

these issues (e.g. Mahakam Delta for Brunei has a successful history of applying source rock definition) and detailed studies new technical approaches and innovations for fault timing and tectonic evolution. The S15 during the last eight decades of high resolution basin model is expected to exploration. Until recently, basin modelling be the first model to help predict has not been considered an effective tool temperature, overpressures, and fluid S17 to unlock hydrocarbons in the subsurface. property distribution. This is primarily driven by the complicated story of stratigraphic and structural 3D fault framework analysis of Pohokura complexity that exists in Brunei and our gas field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand S18 ability to model it until now. The influence of tectonic and gravity driven faults as well Mutiah Yunsi1, Md Aminul Islam1, as two major rivers depositing huge Mohamed Ragab Shalaby1, AKM Eahsanul S19 amounts of sediment in recent geologic Haque1 history must be unravelled and properly represented in a basin model. The 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam occurrence of overpressure and its S20 The study area is located in Pohokura Field modelling, typical for deltaic settings, is and is largest gas condensate field located another factor which is difficult to address in the Northern coast of Taranaki Basin. in a basin model and needs detailed input S21 The main objective of the study is to of the stratigraphic variation and generate a structural model using Volume- distribution of the lithologies before based Modelling (VBM) for further

21 understanding of the subsurface in the Measures, Tangalooma Sandstone and study area. Initially, 3D seismic Taroom Coal Measures. These units and interpretation from calibrated well ties was associated coal seams are located in a used to pick stratigraphic well tops. The compressive stress regime with depth range intensity of faults in the northernmost from 150 to 1000 m. The main fines region is more compared to the production in Surat Basin is sand and silt southernmost part. From cross-sections, it from the interbedded formations. Coal is evident that there are numerous thrust fines are less abundant. Due to the highly faults. Different phases of tectonic variable depositional environment, the movements resulted in different structural interbedded units are heterogeneous patterns. Dip angle of the study area is composed of sandstone, siltstone and between 45° to 75° towards NE-SW. mudstone with varying degrees of It is validated from the modelled structural consolidation and high content of smectite. grid that there were major structural Some of these produced sands are related development occurred during Middle to smectite swelling due to fresh water Miocene as there were found reactivation circulation or migration of low salinity of extensional faults and it could possibly water. Because of the small number of be due to a change in the local stress available cores for petrological and regime of the area. Furthermore, the petrophysical tests, the evaluation of the attribute maps, seismic reflectors and the smectite distribution has been correlated Gas-Water contact (GWC) generated on based on lithology of well logs and hyper- the model suggest a potential hydrocarbon spectral logs of equivalent cores for open- trapping mechanism. hole completions. The open-hole completion with slotted liners is a low-cost Evaluation and prediction of the fine process adopted by many operators in production in coal seam gas open hole Surat basin. The disadvantage of this completions, Surat Basin using petrological completion is exposing a thick interburden data and geophysical well logs to the well. The main other possible causes of sand production, such as unconsolidated Morteza Jami1, Stephen Tyson1 and weak formations, water production 1University of Technology Brunei rates and sudden changes in flow rate; Darussalam, Faculty of Engineering, reservoir pressure depletion; and high Department of Petroleum and Chemical lateral tensile stress are reviewed. Among Engineering, JalanTungku Link, BE1410, these factors unconfined compressive Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam strength (UCS) is by far one of the most Fines production during the dewatering important factors in sand production. The process of Coal Seam Gas (CSG) wells in rock strength profiles on various depths Surat basin is one of the main concerns of can be estimated using well logs (acoustic the operators and imposes a significant slowness, bulk density and total porosity financial cost on several large development data) and empirical core-log relationships. projects. The lower part of the Injune Creek This extended abstract compares the well Group, known as Walloon Subgroup in the history and geophysical logs to predict the Surat Basin, eastern Australia is one of the fines-prone zones. These data are world-class coal bed methane resource. calibrated against direct laboratory- The Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures are measured geomechanical values and between 200-300 m thick and host up to hyperspectral measurements to ensure that 36 coal seams with seam thicknesses of the results are reasonable. 0.1 to 5m and a total net coal of 6-25m. The Walloon Coal Measures from top to base is divided into the Juandah Coal

22

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Thursday 16 November 2017 of individual channel sands within the grid is modelled using a triangular distribution Modelling the changes in the elastic with values ranging from 2-15m with an properties of reservoir with fluid substitution average of 8.5m. Individual bar widths using Gassmann’s equation with MATLAB range from 200-400m with an average of 300m. The mouth-bar shape was modelled 1 Nicholas Jianming Tan , Abdul Ghani Bin as a scalable crescent-shaped body based 1 1 Md Rafek , Luluan Almanna Lubis on the study of palaeo-channel reconstructions of mouth bars. The volume 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, percentages for the final object- based Geoscience Department, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia lithology model were 45% for sandstone, 55% for shale in the final facies model as Understanding how the elastic properties of explained in the earlier section. Because rock changes with the type of fluid and this method uses objects with distinct saturation degree is an important part of shapes to control the spatial continuity and exploration geophysics for identifying and distribution of lithologies (i.e., variograms quantifying fluids in reservoir. Fluid are not used), the resulting models often substitution plays important role in rock appear more geologically realistic as physics analysis as it provides geophysicists compared to the corresponding indicator- the tools to achieve that. Gassmann's based models. equation is commonly performed for fluid substitution. This paper will be discussing Application of seismic attributes and the general theory and steps of performing Wheeler transformation method for Gassmann fluid substitution and geomorphological interpretation of demonstrate a GUI model created using stratigraphic surfaces: A case study of F3 MATLAB as an application. Block, Dutch offshore sector, North Sea

Object-based geobody simulation of Md. Afifi Ishak1, Md Aminul Islam1, Farewell Formation, Maui gas field, New Mohamed R. Shalaby1, Nurul Hasan1 Zealand 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam AKM Eahsanul Haque1, Md Aminul Islam1, In seismic interpretations, accurate Mohamed Ragab Shalaby1 identification of geological features builds 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam a better understanding of subsurface geology, which turns a prospect into a Object-based simulation involves defining success. In some cases geological features lithology (or facies, architectural element, are superimposed on a seismic map objects) with a range of dimensions and because of geophysical limitation and characteristic shapes that are used to geological complexities. In addition, populate the 3D model. This method seismic data is always band-limited and it honours geologic rules for stacking is often hampered by noise. If the patterns and erosion and user-defined geological features such as channels, faults shapes that, in some cases, can produce and other structural and stratigraphic more geologically realistic models than features are superimposed together with other modelling methods. For this study on noise, interpretation and finding scientific Farewell Formation, Maui Gas Field, New explanations can become difficult. This Zealand, the modelled elements are research paper has managed to crescent-shaped objects that represent the demonstrate how integrated interpretation main reservoir elements (mouth bars) of geological information (seismic within the studied formation. The thickness attributes, sequence stratigraphic

23 interpretation and wheeler transformation performed in order to produce well log method) allows for accurate interpretation data and as well to understand the of depositional environment of a basin as subsurface formation by direct well as locating seismic geomorphological measurement. Gamma ray and resistivity features. The research is carried out in a are main well log data which are used for Pliocene interval of southern North Sea F3 the formation evaluation purposes. Block, Netherlands. The methodology used However, outside the well, it is still difficult generating a 3D dip-steered HorizonCube to have data which can be derived from followed by chronostratigraphic analysis, other techniques to be equivalent to the 3D wheeler transformation and system Gamma ray or resistivity logs without wire tract interpretation. A dip-steered seismic line logging. Thus, complications exist for attribute (similarity, dip and curvature) was formation evaluation outside the well such perform on each stratigraphic surfaces of as determination of facies, lithology and interest and isopach maps were generated fluid content as well as the petrophysical for each stratigraphic surfaces to help properties of certain area since accurate identify maximum deposition. The result measurement can hardly be obtained. The from this study shows that similarity objective of this paper is to demonstrate attribute is able to identify distinct the feasible application of SQp and SQs stratigraphic features such as sand-waves attributes for replacing the wireline logging and deep marine meandering channel. data for facies classification purposes. However its lateral continuity is poorly These attribute are derived from understood as similarity attribute does not attenuation attributes through rock physics take into account the true geological dip approximation by using basic elastic and curvature of the surfaces. Structural properties; P-wave, S-wave and density. A features such as fault are not easily series of test have been carried out on recognizable due to this reason. However, datasets in Malaysian offshore, results dip-apparent attribute are found to be very showed that those attributes are very useful in identifying both structural and similar to the gamma ray and resistivity stratigraphic features. The seismic dip map responses in different reservoir conditions is then improved by rotating the dip including low resistivity low contrast measurements to user-defined azimuths. environment and coal masking. Further Such optimization has revealed the application of this attributes for feasibility structural and stratigraphic features that on lithology and hydrocarbon prediction, are not clearly evident on similarity and facies classification are presented. In well curvature attributes. Maximum curvature domain, the motif of SQp is likewise the attribute is found to be useful in delineating Gamma ray motif, which means these faults and predicting the orientation and attributes can potentially be used for facies distribution of fractures and also subtle classification. The application of these structural features. attributes as inputs for facies classification workflow in the area of interest showed Feasibility study of SQp and SQs attributes that the sand body can be distinguished application for facies classification from shale and the distribution of gas sand can be separated clearly from brine sand. Maman Hermana1 The SQp and SQs attributes are able to 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS improve the facies classification and able to transform the single traces of seismic Formation evaluation is a critical data into pseudo log of lithology (gamma requirement in the oil and gas exploration ray) and fluid indicator log (resistivity). and production project. Even though it may be costly, the wireline logging needs to be

24

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Permeability and porosity prediction from attributes namely: SQp and SQs which are elastic properties through laboratory derived from attenuation by using rock measurement and well log analysis physics approximation, give some significant improvement in determining the 1 Maman Hermana , Nur Farinie Mohd porosity and permeability estimation. 1 1 Fadzly , Santea Munagaran , Dana Hlaine Testing of these attributes on real data 1 1 1 Htet , Deva Ghosh , Chow Weng (Offshore Malaysia), the SQp and SQp/SQs attributes are not only give a 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS better lithology and fluid indicators but also Permeability and porosity prediction play able to improve the porosity and an important role in hydrocarbon permeability prediction from elastic exploration because the concept of properties in this field. permeability and porosity would give us the A holistic approach to minimise upscaling idea of the fluid characteristics and errors between geological and simulation capacity in the reservoir and it is also one models of the factors that weigh in on the exploitability of hydrocarbon reservoir. Stephen Tyson1, Morteza Jami1 However, because of non- unique parameters affecting the porosity and 1Universiti Teknologi Brunei permeability such as the diagenesis processes that can alter primary porosity of The challenge of populating reservoir flow reservoir rocks are: compaction, simulation models with effective properties cementation and dissolution, the prediction that represent the underlying geology and of porosity especially permeability become capture the flow behaviour of the system harder. Besides that, the sedimentological was believed to be an interim requirement environment plays an important role also when upscaling techniques were developed in rock fragments content and sorting that in the late 1980s and early 90s. There was contributes to porosity and permeability a belief that more powerful computers characteristics of the rock. The difficulty to would alleviate the need for upscaling by predict porosity and especially the allowing the flow simulation to be run permeability of a reservoir might slow directly on the geological grid. Rather down the process of exploration and surprisingly, the need to upscale has not increase inefficiency. A new method needs disappeared but has become more to be developed to allow rock porosity- ubiquitous as engineers have preferred to permeability prediction to be done in a continue running flow simulations on more accurate, fast and cost effective way. coarser models, for a variety of reasons, It has always been assumed that porosity including the need to simulate multiple and permeability has a direct relationship. geological and flow scenarios which However, porosity is also affected by so wasn’t anticipated in the early 90s. many other factors that might affect the This paper assesses the currently available permeability value as well. Therefore, it is upscaling techniques then identifies and important to develop a relationship discusses the single most common source between each of permeability-porosity and of inaccuracy in upscaling; cell geometry. other parameters. Establishing a The impact of geometry errors in relationship between elastic properties and geological and simulation grids is covered permeability/porosity will enable us to in the context of currently available predict permeability/porosity based on the software and its limitations. Alternative elastic properties changes. The study workflows that minimise errors within the includes acquiring porosity model for better constraints of existing software will be reservoir characterization. The new discussed and the suitability of gridding

25 algorithms for both the geological and bounce in the subsurface. As a result, new simulation model will be analysed. The algorithms have been developed to utilise impact of the change of scale between the and incorporate multiple scattering to aid geological and simulation grid is seismic imaging in producing better considered and it will be shown that more seismic image. This technique is currently accurate representations of effective known as Full-Wavefield Migration or properties will be obtained when there is a FWM. In addition, this newly introduced significant change in resolution between algorithms could be extended that will also the fine-scale geological grid and the allow autonomous velocity field estimation coarser-scale simulation grid. This leads to be done alongside the migration naturally into a discussion of the process, by which it is currently being requirement for geological grids with referred to as Joint Migration Inversion, billions of cells and some of the issues JMI. FWM and JMI open new possibilities in surrounding this anticipated requirement. seismic imaging especially towards Finally, the paper presents a holistic improving our subsurface imaging approach to upscaling all geological capabilities and towards a fully automated model properties, in a way that preserves imaging process which the industry is the precise bulk, pore and fluid volumes currently striving for. Conventional between the geological and simulation migration technique makes use of an models. open-looped approach where multiple scatterings were removed prior to Improving seismic imaging with multiple migration, making the output data scattering incorporation in joint migration inconsistence with the input. To handle inversion seismic data in a full-wavefield manner, an open-looped is not feasible anymore, 1 Haiqal Hazreeq Hairi , Abdul Ghani instead a closed-looped approach should 1 1 MdRafek , Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff be used. JMI works is a way of matching forward modelled seismic data to the 1PETRONAS University of Technology, Faculty of Geoscience, Jalan Desa Seri measured seismic data in difference Iskandar, 32610, Bota, Perak, Malaysia minimisation process. The forward modelling module or FWMod is applied in Conventional seismic imaging approach the feedback path of the closed-looped has always considered multiple scattering migration approach that will executed as unwanted noise and must be removed iteratively with the inclusion of multiple prior to migration. Due to this scatterings. The final output would be an understanding, the industry has invested an accurate depth section as well as detailed immense amount of resources into velocity field data used in the migration research as efforts to eliminate as much process. A few of JMI’s strong points multiple noise as possible in seismic include: 1) multiple scattering is utilised to processing. This approach is considered improve seismic image and velocity field inefficient as a large portion of energy and determination, and 2) data input and precious subsurface information is output are more consistent since multiples removed before migration process. Today, are incorporated in the migration process, we are beginning to understand seismic thus less energy is wasted. To meet the multiples carry indispensable information challenges of understanding more complex that should be preserved and could be subsurface features – such as a deep utilised to improve the final subsurface reservoir underlying a high contrast image. Multiples record more information inhomogeneous and anisotropic than primary waves since they travel a overburden – utilisation of multiples has longer distance and experience more become more logical and crucial.

26

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Short range permeability prediction of Jurassic Walloon coal seams, Surat Basin, Australia Morteza Jami1, Stephen Tyson1

1University of Technology Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

The Jurassic Surat Basin in Eastern Australia hosts the Walloon Coal Measures, one of the major coal seam gas reserves of the world. The Walloon Subgroup has an average 200-350 m thickness and contains up to 36 coal seams with an average 30 m of net coal interbedded with clay-silty rich, fluvio- lacustrine units. The highly heterogeneous nature of the Walloon Subgroup and associated coal seams created a high uncertainty on prediction of the reservoir properties. Permeability is by far one of the most important properties controlling reservoir performance. Understanding the spatial distribution of these heterogeneities in the short range between data points is crucial to the development of these unconventional fields. Permeability as a fundamental rock property, reflects the reservoir’s deliverability and is a function of stress regime, coal properties, depth and cleat system development. Forecasting short-range variation of coal seam absolute and relative permeability through modelling is the key to the reservoir simulation models. This extended abstract evaluates the geological and geomechanical variables which impact the short-range coal permeability. The relative impact of these variables are estimated in a non-parametric model to evaluate the short-range permeability using lateral variability in close- spaced pilot wells. The permeability prediction model was developed using the DST results, geophysical well log data and stratigraphic architecture of closed space drilled pilot wells.

27

Saturday 18 November 2017 0.15 and 0.8, respectively. The results of our study in the field of “R” show that Optimization of rock physics models by dominant pore type at well "RZ-14" is still combining differential effective medium the interparticle which average value is (DEM) and adaptive Batzel-Wang Methods 50%, while for the type of secondary in “R” carbonate field east Java porous of stiff and crack has an average value of 20% and 30%, respectively. So “R” Reza Wardhana1, M. Iksan1, M. Syamsu field dominated by crack pore types as the 1 2 Rosid , M. Wahdanadi Haidar secondary porosity in the reservoir. When

the Adaptive Batzle-Wang fluid elastic 1Department of Physics, University of Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia parameter is apply, the RMS error value of 2JOB – Pertamina Petrochina East Java, rock model is diminished and has different Menara Kuningan Lt. 18 & 20, Jakarta quantity value of pore-type inversions prior 12940, Indonesia to using the elastic parameter of the fluid. This shows that the use of Adaptive Batzle- Pore system in the carbonate reservoirs are Wang fluid elastic parameters is very useful very complex than clastic rocks. There are to optimize rock physics modelling of DEM. three types of geophysical pores in carbonate rocks, the interparticle, stiff and Pore pressure estimation in carbonate crack. The complexity of the pore types will reservoir by integrating differential effective lead to changes in P-wave velocity by 40%. medium and fluid replacement model Characterization of carbonate reservoir 1 1 becomes difficult when the estimated S- M. Ravdi Hirzan , Reza Wardhana , M. 1 1 wave is influenced by the type of dominant Iksan , M. Syamsu Rosid , M. Wahdanadi 2 pore (interparticle) only. In addition, the Haidar geometry of the pores also affects 1Department of Physics, FMIPA Universitas permeability of the reservoir character. Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia Therefore, modelling the elastic modulus of 2JOB Pertamina-Petrochina East Java, rock taking into account the complexity of Menara Kuningan Fl. 18 and 20, Jakarta, type pores in carbonate rocks become very Indonesia important. Differential Effective Medium Pore pressure is one of the main (DEM) is a good method for modelling the parameters in oil and gas drilling plans. elastic modulus of rock that has Effect of pore pressure is important to heterogeneity of pores type. The method is avoid high risks either low pressure zone or done by adding a pore-type inclusions little blast zone. Therefore, accurately pore by little into the host material until the pressure prediction of heterogeneous proportion of the material is reached. In reservoir characters is required. The most addition, to achieve the optimal model, the accurate prediction of pore pressure is the modelling is created by calculating the bulk pore compressibility method (PC) that uses modulus of the fluid filler porous rock at core data. Unfortunately, this approach is the reservoir condition by using Adaptive limited by availability core data. To solve Batzle-Wang. The fluid model is injected to the problems of heterogeneous the rock model in advance using Wood’s characteristic on carbonate reservoir and equation then count back the value of the core data limitation, this research is P-wave velocity model to estimate the integrating the DEM method and Fluid velocity of the S-wave and the percentage Replacement Model (FRM) into the pore of primary and secondary pore type on the pressure prediction PC method. Using rock. To describe the geometry of pores in DEM, reservoir description is obtainable carbonate rocks we apply an aspect ratio through mineral analysis and pore type. approach. The aspect ratio for crack, Pore pressure prediction using PC interparticle, and stiff pore types are 0.02,

28

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

method depend on parameters of In this study, we compared the two bulk compressibility (Cb) and pore methods to determine the similarities and compressibility (Cp), where each of differences of them, and to see how carbonate reservoir pore types have effective and accurate in determination of different value of Cb and Cp. We use the permeability zones for each pore type of value of both compressibility from a result the carbonate reservoir. So that permeable of DEM process with Gassman equation to zone can be obtained for each type of pore overcome the limited core data. Pore at R wells. From this result, the permeability pressure is also sensitive for fluids inside value in rocktyping method is 0.013932 - the pore. Therefore, fluid that is used for 3617,689 mD on upper Tuban and this study is identical with the fluids on the 0.0002 - 1814,108 mD at bottom Tuban. reservoir so that the calculation can be By using Stoneley wave parameters, the more accurate. The result of pore pressure permeability value on upper Tuban is prediction using PC method on carbonate 34,01 - 34,074 mD and 33,99 - 34,082 reservoir Field “M” is about 3000 psi to mD at bottom Tuban. Thus, in the R field it 4000 psi, which is verified by the FMT was found that the estimate of permeable (Formation Multi Tester) pressure data and zone determination based on pore type mud log data from the wells. more effective and efficient by using Recommended mudweight for our wells rocktyping method. carbonate reservoir is about 12.6 ppg to 13.6 ppg. Opening a new play in eastern Brunei

1 1 Estimation of permeability by using DSI Log Andrew Carnell , Syahida Mat Daud , 1 1 parameters and rock typing based on pore Kaushal Barfal , Joshua Turner type in Tuban Carbonate Field, Indonesia 1Shell Deepwater Borneo

1 1 Rizky Miftahul Akbar , Reza Wardhana , Shell Deepwater Borneo and partner 1 2 M.Syamsu Rosid , M. Wahdanadi Haidar Petroleum Brunei Expro are planning an exploration well aiming to test a new play 1 University of Indonesia, FMIPA concept in eastern Brunei. If successful it Geophysics, Depok 16424, Indonesia will be a significant addition to Brunei’s 2JOB – Petamina Petrochina East Java, hydrocarbon resource base with much Menara Kuningan Lt.18 & 20, Jakarta associated follow-up potential. The 12940, Indonesia prospect itself is a large faulted anticline

located in Block A in eastern Brunei. The Oil production in wells is determined by recognition of a drillworthy prospect results porosity and permeability parameters. Both from innovative working practices and of these parameters can describe the challenging existing dogmas around reservoir character, such as the carbonate depositional setting. The prospect is reservoir. The permeability of the covered by a number of seismic surveys, carbonate reservoir is difficult to estimate but the seismic image is consistently poor because of the high heterogeneity. To due to the masking effect of a large gas determine the permeability zone, a method cloud. In 2014 the Broadseis east survey that can provide accurate estimates is was reprocessed using QRTM. This lead to needed. Permeability can be estimated by some upgrade in image, but did not using the Stoneley wave parameters in the address the fundamental issue of velocity Dipole Shear Sonic Imager (DSI) log and slow down caused by a gas cloud. The rocktyping method. Both of these degree of slowdown was unclear and initial approaches (DSI and rocktyping methods) reductions in velocity by increments of yield a permeability value to the reservoir. 25m/s had limited impact. The project

29 team requested trying much larger reductions at the heart of the gas cloud with velocity as low as 1100m/s. The outcome was startling with structures becoming visible at depth. Subsequent iterations of the velocity model scaled back the velocity reduction, and varied the geometry of the gas cloud. Ultimately 44 iterations velocity model were generated and a final QRTM was applied to this. Seismic reprocessing allowed recognition of an internally stratified faulted anticline. The prevailing model of turbidite deposition suggests a likely shale fill. However, examination of wells and seismic in Brunei and adjacent areas of Malaysia suggests that although this model is widely accepted there is limited supporting evidence. Although thousands of wells have been drilled, relatively few have penetrated the interval of interest. This is particularly the case in the offshore Brunei area. The nearest directly relevant well is

70km south east in Sabah and comprises fluvio-deltaic to shelfal clastics. Deepwater sediments are encountered further offshore to the north. Evaluation of seismic data suggests that shelfal sediments continue out to the Champion-Potter fault before being down thrown to the north and seismic resolution is lost. Outboard of the Frigate fault pre-MMU sediments are considerably shallower but have not been penetrated and seismic quality is very poor. The exploration well aims to test an alternative concept of shelfal deposition extending out to Block A in a manner similar to the modern Brunei shelf. This well is currently in planning and aims to spud in 2018.

30

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

phase behaviours in the petroleum POSTER PRESENTATIONS reservoir.

Phase behaviour modelling of natural gas Rock physics template application on in northeastern Thailand carbonate reservoir

1 1 Piyaporn Kaewraksa , Sarunya Promkotra , Judy Hilman1, Ignatius S. Winardhi1 Tawiwan Kangsadan2 1Department of Geophysics, Institute of 1Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of Technology Bandung Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand A good petroleum system needs a good 2Chemical and Process Engineering (CPE) reservoir to properly accommodate Program, The Sirindhorn International Thai- petroleum. Thus it needs a good German Graduate School of Engineering characterization to fully understand its (TGGS) King Mongkut's University of properties, in which one of the method is Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand known as utilizing Rock Physics Template (RPT). This method attempts to characterize Natural gas in Sinphuhorm Gas Field, a a reservoir in order to predict the dry gas reservoir, northeast region of behaviour of the reservoir, such as different Thailand is considered as a relationship of porosities and water saturation. However, chemical species to predict phase most of RPT technique applications are behaviours by thermodynamic simulation. limited to granular rocks and not enough Phase diagrams related to temperature (T) on carbonates. Although carbonates and pressure (P) dominate phase generally have good properties as reservoir behaviours of natural gas in subsurface. rocks, it is proven to be more difficult to The sub-chemical reactions are assumed ascertain. The complex system of by chemical relationship of their carbonates porosities often gives scatter components which similar to chemical pattern on the porosity and P-wave compositions of natural gas. These relationship. Therefore, this research will diagrams are achieved by thermodynamics attempt to use RPT to model carbonate simulation based on Peng-Robinson model reservoir. This will be achieved by using combined with the Prode Properties Kuster Toksoz as the basis for carbonate program. Critical points as a function of rock modelling and by the help from Biot- mole fraction of methane are obtained by Gassmann equation. The study object of the phase envelope. Pressures at these this thesis is on Baturaja formation that is critical points are mostly proportional to the located in South Sumatra Basin. This increasing mole fraction of methane. While formation is known to be a carbonate pressures encounter to temperatures, these reservoir that has produced gas points concern to the specific mole fraction hydrocarbon. This thesis offers an of methane. Equilibrium conditions at this approach on how to better understand the point are equivalent to methane mass. This application of RPT on Baturaja formation. circumstantial criterion associated to Based on the RPT modelling done in this pressures and also temperatures are found research, some specific parameter needs to the polynomial relationship. Pressures are be obtained in order to develop a more influence to methane (in reactant) at functional RPT model. These parameters all chemical reactions. At approximately are aspect ratio of the porosities and elastic 0.6 mole of methane, the P and T are modulus of the minerals. limited, less than 32,000 kPa.a and 450 K, respectively. These associations are beneficial for prediction and controlling the

31

S01

S02 Session 03: development planning and urban safety. Gua Musang is a district in Kelantan Geodynamics and surrounded by mogote hills that were S03 metamorphosed due to granite intrusion Geohazards during the Cainozoic era (~65 million years ago). Currently, the town of Gua S04 Chairpersons: Afroz Ahmad Musang is facing rapid development. However, no karst geohazards research Shah & Ashar Lubis has been conducted in Gua Musang. S06 Therefore, this research aims to image ORAL PRESENTATIONS karstic features and detect potential karst geohazards surrounding the Mogote hills

Wednesday 15 November 2017 using Electrical Resistivity Imaging. S07 Resistivity technique is capable to map Preliminary assessment on potential karst potential karst geohazards based on its geohazards using electrical resistivity capacity in detecting resistive features and S08 imaging differentiating resistivity distinctions. The resistivity profiles were acquired for eight 1 Zaitul Zahira Ghazali , Khiruddin selected mogote hills surrounding Gua 2 2 Abdullah , Mohd Nawawi , Ismail Ahmad Musang town, which includes Gua 2 3 S09 Abir , Mohd Amin Mohd For , Tajul Anuar Musang, Gua Serai, Gua Batu Boh, Gua 4 Jamaluddin Madu, Gua Panjang, Batu Neng, Batu Papan, and Batu Machang. A total of 1Geoscience Department, Faculty of Earth S10 Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, seventeen resistivity profiles were obtained Locked Bag No 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, using pole-dipole array with length of 200– Malaysia 400 meters with electrode spacing of 5 2Geophysics Program, School of Physics, meters nearby the Mogote hills. From the S14 Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, field anomaly data, the apparent resistivity Pulau Pinang, Malaysia was inverted to real resistivity with 2D 3Department of Geotechnics & algorithm using the RES2DINV software. Transportation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, S15 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 During the inversion, the data smoothness Skudai, Johor, Malaysia constraints were modified based on the 4Geology Program, School of Environment least-squares technique. The inverted S17 & Natural Resource Sciences, Universi7 resistivity pseudo-section presented a clear Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, view of the weathered rock distribution and Selangor, Malaysia class, bedrock, and karstic features. The Limestone consists of calcite and dolomite resistivity values were classified into eight S18 mineral that easily weathered due to ranges representing different materials (in chemical weathering (dissolution) even in ohm.m): soil (0–10), freshwater (10–50),

slightly acidic water or rainfall. The highly weathered limestone (50–80), S19 dissolution process will change and moderately weathered limestone (80–300), develop karstic features that create various slightly weathered (300–550), fresh engineering geology and geotechnical limestone (550–1,000), dolomite (1,000– S20 problems during construction. If this 10,000), and marble (>10,000). The problem is not identified during or before results show numerous identified potential cavities and sinkholes. Out of seventeen construction, it may lead to future karst geohazards, such as collapse of the profiles, twelve profiles show karstic S21 cavities, ground subsidence, sinkhole, etc. features; one profile showing both Other than threatening existing landuse, potential roof collapse and generated karst geohazards will also affect future cavity/cavities, four profiles showing

32

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

potential of roof collapse, eleven profiles Hypocenter relocation of earthquake in showing generated cavity/cavities and four central and east Java, Indonesia using the profiles showing massive weathering. BMKG network data Results demonstrate that resistivity is 1 1 capable for effective detection and viewing Andri Dian Nugraha , Sri Widiyantoro , 1 2,3 potential karst geohazards. Nanang T. Puspito , Pepen Supendi

1 Inferring the earthquake interaction using Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum stress triggering concept Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung,

1 1 Bandung 40132, Indonesia David P. Sahara , Nanang T. Puspito , 2 1 1 Geophysical Engineering Study Program, Dian Kusumawati , Andri D. Nugraha Faculty of Mining and Petroleum

1 Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Global geophysics research group, Faculty Bandung 40132, Indonesia of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, 3Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10 Geophysics (BMKG), Bandung, Indonesia Bandung 40132 Central Java and East Java regions have Many aspects of earthquake mechanics experienced a high seismicity activity due to remain an enigma, e.g. earthquake the subduction of the Indo-Australian plate interaction and mitigation. One potential in the south beneath the Eurasian plate of bright spot is the finding that simple the island of Java. In addition, in the calculations of stress changes may explain mainland of this island also have many some earthquake occurrences and active faults due this situation. We have interactions. This progress is especially lead successfully relocated earthquake in the by abundant studies of stress changes of area from April 2009 to September 2017 human- induced seismicity. This work using the BMKG seismic station network introduces stress triggers, stress shadows, data through hypocenter double-difference and implications for seismic hazard in method. The results indicate significant Indonesia. We review our work in stress improvement in hypocenter location, where analysis of 2006 and 2016 the initial earthquake focal depths fixed at Aceh earthquake and presents a a depth of 10 km has been updated. A compilation of quantitative earthquake validation through the histogram of travel- interaction studies from a stress change time residual depicts good relocation perspective. Those two earthquakes were results, in which the residual values are both deadly, caused more than 1000 mostly close to zero. The results show the causalities, and unpredicted, in the sense relocated earthquakes at shallow depth that the driving force and the source show some clusters around the inland mechanism are still unclear. No active fault, such as in Opak fault, Merapi- information was present on the extent of Merbabu fault, Kendeng thrust fault, and the faulting or the direction of propagation Wonsorejo fault zones. At the beginning of of those two earthquakes. Therefore, it 2016 there has been a swarm earthquake requires a stress transfer modelling in in southern Kendeng thrust fault zone order to understand the possible seismic where these earthquake swarms probably hazard distribution. The results of this study associated with -tectonic activity. supply some clues about certain aspects of The relocated hypocenter is also clearly earthquake mechanics. It also observed along the intralslab of Indo- demonstrates that much work remains Australian. before we can understand the complete story of how earthquakes work.

33

Application of Gumbel I and Monte Carlo 1Department of Civil and Construction methods to assess seismic hazard in and Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia 2 around Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong 3 Khaista Rehman1,2, Paul W. Burton2, The University of Hong Kong 2 Graeme A. Weatherill Reservoir landslides triggered by reservoir impoundment, drawdown, subsequent 1National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan fluctuations and rainfall have well been 2 School of Environmental Sciences, recognized. In this present work, an old University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, landslide located at Three Gorges reservoir UK areas was chosen to study the influence of shear strength to its stability in response to Tectonics of Pakistan is governed by three reservoir impoundment and subsequent tectonic plates: (a) the Indian plate; (b) the fluctuations. This old landslide is a colluvial Eurasian plate; and (c) the Arabian plate. deposited type with a continuous slip soil of Also the Kutch fault zone in the intraplate sandy and/or gravelly clay beneath the region in south east border with India. The colluvial deposits and the strata dip into the former two (a and b) continental plates are slope beneath the slip soil. Laboratory tests colliding throughout Pakistan. This work were carried out on both undisturbed and presents probabilistic seismic hazard reconstituted samples to study the effective assessment in and around Pakistan in shear strength of slip soil. The influence of terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). degree of saturation on the effective Ground motion is considered in terms of strength of slip soil was also carried out. PGA for return period of 475 years using From the laboratory testing results, high Gumbel first distribution of extreme values cohesive value of slip soil was obtained. and Monte Carlo Simulation. In order to Stability of this old landslide was analyzed undertake this study the input data contain numerically by GeoStudio software. The the instrumental earthquake data from the results showed that the unsaturated shear International Seismological Centre (ISC) strength of slip soil above the reservoir and United Sates Geological Survey level has significant influence on the (USGS)/ Preliminary Determination of stability of the slope. The slope would be in Epicentres (PDE) for the period of 1900 to a critical state and the reactivation of the 2007. Appropriate ground motion landslide could happen if the loss of prediction equations have been used in this cohesion of slip soil. The results provide a study. The results show that for many parts good reference to the similar natural slope of Pakistan, the expected seismic hazard is in Three Gorges reservoir area. relatively comparable with the level specified in the present PGA maps. Major Tectonics geomorphology of Borneo sources of earthquake hazards (e.g. Himalayas, Hindu Kush, Chaman fault Shah A. A.1, Delson Bin Jumat1, Khairul system, Makran and Kutch) are identified Zafry1, Navakanesh M Batmanathan2 and appraised in the context of the 1 regional tectonics and current state-of-the- Department of Physical and Geological Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, art. Brunei 2Curtin Sarawak, Malaysia Influence of shear strength on the reactivation of an old landslide: A case We report mapping of major fault zones in study at Three Gorges reservoir Borneo by using freely available Google satellite and global multi-resolution Vera Hui Loo1, Leslie George Tham2, Chak topography data. Our topographic Fan Lee 3 analyses of landforms rely on the

34

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

geomorphic expression of faulting. The 2Department of Physics, A.K.I’s Poona evidence of faulting is widespread, and College of Arts, Science and Commerce, visible for more than 900 km throughout Camp, Pune-411001 the extent of the Island. A large number of Tectonic plate movement along the fault rupture zones are mapped, which are plane may strike disaster at any given characterized by the occurrence of active destination without warning, which may be fault scarps, eye-catching drainage offsets, one of the aspects that hamper a topographic breaks, deflected drainages, destinations image and the people who ridge axis offsets, and broken Holocene to lives in the vicinity, so to avoid raising any Recent sedimentary sequence. Broadly such issues, in a given situation any ~NW-SE dextral strike-slip faults dominate destination must be well equipped to the central Borneo Island, and are cut combat the catastrophe. In light of the through by ~NE-SW trending sinistral disaster that occurred in Nepal which hit by strike-slip faults, and form characteristic an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 on diamond shaped landforms. These faults Saturday 25th April 2015 at 11.41 am root from the central fault that we infer is a (local time), the worst in 81 years. As a large scale sinistral strike-slip fault that runs result of the shallow nature of the for > 900 km throughout the island and earthquake, the impacts have been forms its backbone. The whole of the Island devastating, toppling buildings, opening seems to be controlled by this structure and gaping cracks in roads and sending people fits a large scale strike-slip model. The rushing into the open as aftershocks rattled nature, and extent of faulting in Borneo is their damaged homes. Every earthquake very large, and therefore we propose a offers a learning experience, enabling new large scale simple shear tectonic researchers to be prepared for future model and we demonstrate how the events. So is the recent pair of large Island’s geology, geomorphology, and earthquakes that shook parts of Nepal and seismicity supports our model, and the northern Indian plains. Even at the face disproves the gravity driven deformation of the tragedy that an earthquake brings models. Our tectonic model argues the along, earthquake scientists must prepare potential of major earthquake occurrences themselves to go through its effects on on the newly mapped sinistral fault natural settings as well as built systems, and less so the normal faults. It environment. The April 25th and May 12th, also shows that the 2015 Ranau 2015 earthquakes in Nepal present earthquake that struck Sabah, Malaysia themselves as the two major post- occurred on a ~northwest dipping normal instrumentation era events in the fault that is part of the regional oblique Himalayan region and they provide an compression, and lateral extension unprecedented opportunity to study the associated with the major sinistral faulting. earthquakes in relation to the seismo- tectonic settings of the Himalayan Tectonic plate movement in the north convergence. It is quite well-known that the eastern parts of Himalaya create present-day structure of the Himalaya has catastrophic earthquakes: A study of resulted from the progressive under Nepal earthquake with reference to its thrusting of the Indian plate, leading to a disaster and its impact management stack of thrust sheets that get progressively Sajid Hundekar1 and Maheboob younger, southward. Every earthquake Nagarbaudi2 offers a learning experience, enabling researchers to be prepared for future 1 Department of Geology, A.K.I’s Poona events. In this geometry, the oldest and the College of Arts, Science and Commerce, northernmost is the Main Central Thrust Camp, Pune-411001 (MCT), followed by the Main Boundary

35

Thrust (MBT) and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), all of which sole into the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). The deeper part of the MHT is believed to be creeping smoothly while the shallower parts slips episodically during great earthquakes such as the 1905 Kangra and 1934 Nepal events. The Ministry of Earth Sciences and the Indian Institute of Science have provided the opportunity to learn from the actual effects of a large Himalayan earthquake. “Disasters are not learning processes. The authorities will have to do all they can do to ensure against such recurrences...the starting point is for the Disaster Management Authority to put place a disaster management plan”. Thus, unforeseen disasters calls for having an effective disaster management plan in place and for the Disaster Management Authority to prepare actionable programmes to deal with disasters.

36

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Major normal faults mapped in Kashmir Himalaya, NW Himalaya

1 Adi Ameza Binti Mohd Addly , Afroz Ahmad Shah1, Mohd Iskandar Bin Abdul Samat1

1 Universiti Brunei Darussalam

A series of major normal faults are mapped in Kashmir, NW Himalaya. This is achieved by geomorphic analysis of tectonic landforms on a variety of satellite images that include Google maps, Global earth, and global multi resolution topography. The geomorphic expression of faulting is widespread, and is characterized by mapping of active fault rupture zones, fault scarps, topographic breaks, deflected drainages, ridge axes offset, and broken Holocene to Recent sedimentary

sequences. The faults dominantly trend ~NE-SW with some ~NNW-SSE. The nature of faulting clearly suggests ~NW-SE extension on a regional scale, and this is ~orthogonal to the regional convergence between India and the Southern Tibet. This is the first study to argue for the regional extension in this portion of the NW Himalaya, and we propose a new tectonic model for the formation of these normal faults, and prove that these faults are

syntectonic. We have produced expected earthquake focal mechanism “beach ball” on each fault, and we show what type of earthquake is possible on a fault. Our model supports the observed seismicity, and corroborates well with the available geodetic, and geologic data in the region.

37

S01

S02 Session 04: Solid subsequently. The segmentation methods are Otsu (global-threshold based method), Geophysics semi-automatic, and Adaptive Mean S03 segmentation. For the porosity calculation, Chairperson: Md Aminul Islam Otsu segmentation produced an average & Mohamed Ragab Shalaby error of 62.04% and the sub sample porosities are ranged between 12-38%, the S04 semi-automatic segmentation give an ORAL PRESENATIONS average error of 2.05% and the sub sample porosities are ranged between 4- S06 Wednesday 15 November 2017 36%, and the adaptive mean segmentation produced an average error of 1.92% and Digital rock physics: Effect of image the sub sample porosities are ranged segmentation on the calculation of porosity S07 between 13% to 21%. Due to the enormous and absolute permeability of reservoir core error for the Otsu segmentation, only semi- plug sample automatic and adaptive mean S08 Chandra Widyananda Winardhi1, Fourier segmentations are used for permeability Dzar Eljabbar Latief1, Umar Fauzi1 calculation. The permeability was calculated using Parallel Lattice Boltzmann 1Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Solver (Palabos), the permeability is then S09 Mathematics and Natural Sciences, plotted vs. porosity of the sub sample and Department of Physics, Jalan Ganesha, compared to the result from laboratory 40132, Bandung, Indonesia measurement, which is 18.66% for porosity S10 Knowledge about physical properties of and 447 mD for permeability. The average reservoir rocks such as porosity, permeability of semi-automatic was permeability, capillary pressure, and 5556.57 mD and the average permeability S14 conductivity, is very significant in of adaptive mean was 446.23 mD. determining the quality of a reservoir. The distribution of semi-automatic segmentation permeability appears to be Measurements of the properties were commonly carried out in the laboratory significantly dispersed and is quite off to S15 which sometimes can damage the sample. the laboratory measurement. On the other Digital Rock Physics (DRP) was developed hand, the distribution of the adaptive mean as a new method as a complement to the permeability appears to be closer to the S17 laboratory measurement. This method uses result from laboratory measurement. From digital images of rock from CT-Scan to this study it is concluded that the adaptive obtain the necessary physical properties to mean segmentation gives a better result S18 determine the quality of the reservoir. In compared to the Otsu and semi-automatic this study, Bruker SkyScan 1173 CT was segmentation and give a more reliable used. Image thresholding or image data for physical properties calculation in

segmentation plays an important role in Digital Rock Physics. S19 DRP analysis. Inaccuracy in determining the Resolution enhancement of seismic segmentation can cause error in reflection data using S-transform calculating the physical properties. A one S20 and a half inch core plug was scanned with Sonny Winardhi1, Waskito Pranowo2 a 7.83 m/pixel resolution where 30 sub 1 samples were randomly selected with size Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of of 2.5mm2. For the analysis: three image Mining and Petroleum Engineering, S21 segmentation methods were applied to the Geophysical Engineering Department, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, sub samples, and the porosity and the Indonesia absolute permeability will be calculated

38

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

2University of Pertamina, Faculty of 1Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Exploration and Production Technology, Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Geophysical Engineering Department, Geophysical Engineering Department, Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Kebayoran Lama, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia Indonesia 2Universitas Trisakti, Faculty of Earth and Range of frequencies (bandwidth) presents Energy Technology, Petroleum Engineering in the seismic reflection data, is an Department, Jalan Kyai Tapa 1, Jakarta important factor that controls vertical 11440, Indonesia resolution of the data. Broader bandwidth Laboratory measurements of P-wave and enables the data to be interpreted and S-wave velocity have been conducted for further analyzed for stratigraphic detail. A 116 sandstones core samples of the number of methods have been proposed in Talang Akar Formation from the Northwest extending the seismic frequency bandwidth Java Basin, Indonesia. The samples are using either time-invariant or time-variant predominantly composed of quartz approaches. Inverse Q-filtering and mineral, with a mixture of clay, calcite and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), to other minerals of less than 10 percent. name a few, are the time-variant Routine and special core analysis data such methodologies used commonly for as porosity, permeability and petrographic enhancing vertical resolution of the seismic data (thin slices) have also been used in the data. However, inverse-Q filtering requires analysis. The aim of the study is to better the knowledge of the subsurface Q-values. understand the behavior of P- and S-waves Meanwhile, CWT assumes that a certain velocity in dry porous sandstone, related to type of wavelet exists in the seismic data. porosity and permeability. The porosity, This paper proposes a time-variant permeability, and grain density ranges methodology for extending seismic from 9 to 32 %, 0.06 to 525 mD, and 2.58 bandwidth using Stockwell Transform (S- to 2.73 g/cc, respectively. Meanwhile, the Transform) which does not requires measured P-wave and S-wave velocity in information of the subsurface's Q-values dry rock samples ranges from 1364 to nor assumption that a certain type of 3563 m/s and 932 to 2465 m/s, wavelets exist in the data. It is a data- respectively, giving dry rock Poisson's ratio driven methodology which is solely based value of 0.004 to 0.258. Since velocity on the seismic data. Time-variant wavelet is depends on pore space volume and extracted from seismic data and used as geometry (dry frame) as well as mineral input in the enhancement process. Results matrix, a number of models which illustrate of applying the proposed method to both the relation between the moduli of the dry synthetic and field data show that overall frame and that of the matrix have been seismic bandwidth can be broadened examined. We have applied models from resulting in higher vertical resolution after Krief, Nur, Pride, and a modified Raymer- enhancement. Better correlation with VSP Hunt-Gardner of Dvorkin in order to corridor stack at well location ensures that determine bounds in the mineral matrix the result of new reflection detail generated moduli. The nature of a relation between after enhancement is geologically porosity, permeability, and velocity is found plausible. better by sorting and grouping the rock Study on P-wave and S-wave velocity in dry samples into a number of porous rock sandstones of the Talang Akar Formation, types which are calculated from the northwest Java Basin, Indonesia measured porosity, permeability, grain density, and the estimated compaction Sonny Winardhi1, Suryo Prakoso2, Dona factor. Sita Ambarsari1

39

Correlation of resistivity log responses with rock quality designation, RQD CTW-1 well, Kati Formation, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

Norsyafiqah Binti Salimun1, Abdul Ghani Md. Rafek1, Khairul Arifin Mohd. Noh1

1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia

Establishing correlations between rock mechanics parameters and geophysical parameters offers a possibility of estimating one parameter when the other parameter is measured. In this study, a correlation was conducted between the resistivity log responses (RES) and the rock quality designation, RQD from specific zones at different depths. Theoretically, separation between resistivity means the formation fluid is different from the drilling fluid and the formation is permeable to the drilling fluid. RQD values are lower at fracture zones and this cause drilling fluid to permeate the formation, resulting in high resistivity values. However, the drilling fluid used in this well is fresh water which is conductive. Thus, RES values will decrease. High RES values can also indicate tight zones within the well. Since CTW-1 is a non-hydrocarbon well with low porosity, the grains become a non- conductive medium. The gamma ray (GR) and resistivity log have similar patterns corresponding to the lithology of the formation. The results show that symmetrical or cylinder curve pattern of GR and high RES have RQD >75% is classified as tight zone. The intact rock quality is good to excellent but has a very low porosity. Moreover, the log response might vary from different wells with differ lithologies. Nevertheless, determining the correlation of RQD values with well logging values enables an estimation of the rock quality of rock mass from a well at the early stage of an investigation.

40

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Friday 17 November 2017 exceeding deposition by far. The fault can be traced to the surface and its extension Structure and facies identification in Towuti can be aligned with the topographic Lake through surface related multiple lineament around the lake. Sediment elimination (SRME) and common reflection delivered by the Mahalona river, Towuti’s surface (CRS) methods in seismic data largest inlet, can be traced in seismic processing profiles and indicate a prograding pattern towards the deep north-eastern basin of 1 1 Abd hafidz , Satria Bijaksana , Wahyu the lake. The sediment all indicate highly 1 2 Triyoso , James M. Russell , Nigel dynamic tectonic and sedimentary process 3 4 Watruss , Hendik Vogel operating in the lake.

1 Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Web application for seismic data engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, processing with an example of Morlet Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung, 40132, Wavelet transform Indonesia 2 Department of Earth, Environmental, and Has Priahadena1, Awali Priyono1, Permana Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 1 1 Brook St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA Citra Adi , Rudy Prihantoro , Muhammad 3 Large Lakes Observatory, University of Yunus1 Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, 1 USA Geophysical Engineering Department, 4 Institute of Geological Science & Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse Geophysical software is often limited only 1+3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland to certain operating system and cannot be accessed remotely (non-internet base). Quaternary sediment deposits in Lake Nowadays, the advancement of web Towuti stored the history of that lake. The technology has enabled an application to sediments accumulating in Towuti are be run on web browser which is an internet draped onto ophiolitic and metamorphic base software and can run cross platform rocks of East Sulawesi. Bedrock topography among devices (e.g. pc, laptop, tablet and and basin formation is heavily influenced even smart phone). This research presents by active tectonics, which are thought to an alternative approach to develop exert the dominant control on depositional geophysical application by taking the models in Towuti on geological time- advantages of web technology (JavaScript) scales. A high resolution seismic reflection for numerical programming and wide survey was used to reveal the subsurface availability of web browser. We have sedimentary architecture of the lake. In this developed web applications for spectral study, four crossed seismic lines were decomposition of Morlet wavelet transform subjected to SRME (Surface Related Multiple (MWT), Magnetotelluric (MT), Gravity and Elimination) and CRS (Common Reflection Well-log (www.surfgeoid.com). In this Surface) processing methods. SRME and article we are going to cover only spectral predictive deconvolution were used to decomposition of MWT for signal attenuate the presence of long and short processing analysis. The signal period multiples, while CRS was used to decomposition process of MWT calculated improve S/N ratio, signal clarity and on frequency domain by applying fidelity. These combined methods were Parseval’s and convolution theorem using then used to ease the interpretation and JavaScript programming language. The sedimentary characterization. The result key method in using JavaScript for the shows that the basin is bordered by strike- calculation of MWT equation relies on the slip and normal fault that subsidence are arrangement of the array structures. Unlike

41

Matlab or the other languages in which level of processing and interpretation array can be presented in the 2D structure process nowadays. The main part of this of row and column, JavaScript 2D array paper will play around the input data structure can be achieved with array inside preparation and processing method, to of the array. This technique we found make a map of Hydrocarbon-potency performs quite decent for looping distribution in certain horizon. It will calculation. We also present the modified accommodate by Principal Component Morlet wavelet transform equation Analysis (PCA) output and Co-Kriging specifically for the structure of the method. Co-kriging is an interpolation JavaScript language since it doesn’t method for primary dataset by considering support a direct calculation of complex the distribution and the spatial relationship number A*B where A = a + ib and B = c of another particular dataset in a certain + id. Furthermore, we provide the source field. PCA is multivariate technique to code of MWT function for free in our analyze some input dataset, by using linear website www.surfgeoid.com/souce_mwt.js. transformation in some correlated The web application result is capable of dependent variables, and produce a new opening, reading and processing data with single dataset that may have more than extension .txt in which widely accepted one information in interpretation. In the standard file. Our web application case study of Field-X, we analyze a new produces the same time-frequency map single dataset from the application of PCA compared to previous publication of method for every existing well that Castagna about spectral decomposition for contained multivariate rockphysics data. reservoir gas detection. The interpretation that can be extracted from its output, give a multi-information Linking geostatistic methods: Co-kirging about Hydrocarbon presence in particular principal component analysis (PCA) with range depth. We use that output, for our integrated well data and seismic inversion, primary data research, to make our acoustic impedance (AI) for pre-detailed research map by using Co-Kriging method. hydrocarbon prospection (case study: Field We also considering an Acoustic X) Impedance dataset that we have in a certain horizon to fulfil the Co-Kriging Ryan Bobby Andika1, Haritsari Dewi1 interpolation requirement. All of Acoustic

1Departemen of Geophysical Engineering, Impedance data and output data from Faculty of Mining and Petroleum application of PCA that we get in particular Engineering, Bandung Institute of horizon, give a strong correlation factor Technology Jl. Ganesha No.10, Lb. number. Our final resulted map also Siliwangi, Coblong, Bandung, West Java validated with the information of proven hydrocarbon discovery. It’s proofed that the In this global era, the energy demand is on map gives an accurate information to rise with social and economic development suggest the location of Hydrocarbon in the world. Current hydrocarbon demand potency which needs some detailed is much more than domestic crude oil and technique to enhance its presence natural gas production. In order to bridge probability. This method sure can be the gap between energy supply and considered for hydrocarbon prediction in demand, it is imperative to accelerate the any area of sparse well control. exploration activities and develop some new effective and efficient techniques to discover hydrocarbon. Therefore, this research presents a new scenario to integrate seismic inversion data, well data, and geostatistical methods into the new

42

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

are used for testing measurements using a POSTER PRESENTATIONS MSIRT (Modified Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique) method. Ultrasonic tomography imaging from Comparing results include error laboratory core measurements using measurements that are shown in graph robotic instruments and table. Findings from laboratory test Tedi Setiawan1, Fatkhan1, Fernando results show that using the robotic Lawrens1, Albertus Ariel Rahadi2 instrument with a programming base from a computer can enhance quality of data, 1Seismology, Exploration and Engineering reduce error up to 50% and easier to do. Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2Geophysical Engineering of Study Program, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Ultrasonic tomography is one of many non-destructive methods to image a rock by measuring wave velocities (P or S-wave). Some applications of ultrasonic

tomography include research for seismic anisotropy, rock physics, shale gas etc. The method utilizes core specimens at laboratory scale from previous drilling. In practice, the core measurement using ultrasonic tomography is still using the conventional method which is impractical

and requires a lot of time. The conventional method may also give different results from one researcher to another due to the lack of uniformity and the high subjectivity of the researcher

during conventional measurement. Robotic design is used to increase precision and reduce measurement time by using tools. The robotic design that the author made consists of three main components: stepper motor, microcontroller and actuator such as motor driver. A combination robotic

application and a supporting tool can be a solution to get better data quality. Robotic programming derived from a computer can be arranged in accordance with our needs, in order to get fast, precise and uniform ultrasound tomography data. The robotic instrument is not only able to measure but also have feedback controls. As a result, measured data can be more accurate and precise than those of the conventional method. Several rock samples

43

S01

S02 low in abundance. Most of the oxides show Session 06: negative correlation with SiO except 2 Na O, ZrO and Y O . The studied Palaeontology and 2 2 2 3 S03 sediments are mainly litharenite or Stratigraphy in SE greywacke litharenite type in nature which were formed and deposited in active S04 Asia continental margin tectonic conditions Chairpersons: Robert Hall, under semi humid to semi-arid climatic László Kocsis , Antonino condition. Sediments containing shallower Briguglio & Peter Oliver and deeper peats were possibly formed S06 during 3000-4000 and 8000-9000 years Baumgartner BP respectively. The sediments were laid down in fresh water to coastal mangrove S07 ORAL PRESENTATIONS swampy area in the frontal part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta. Wednesday 15 November 2017 Palaeovegetation during those periods S08 were dominated by deltaic fresh water Geochemical and palynological vegetation with tree and non-tree species characteristics of Holocene sediments in indicating typical mixed and dense fresh the southwestern Ganges-Brahmaputra (G- water swampy and mangrove vegetation. It S09 B) delta, Bengal Basin, Bangladesh also indicates herb, fern and grass vegetation in open grassland representing 1 2 Md Aminul Islam , Md. Sultam-Ul-Islam , fresh water marshy moist ecosystem. Every 2 3 S10 Konica Rahman , Prasanta Kumar Sen , peat layer indicates the state of marine Muhammad Neem Khan4, Mohamed regression as well as deltaic progradation. Ragab Shalaby1, Md Abdus Salam5

Chemo- and biostratigraphy of Brunei’s 1 S14 Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, most fossiliferous Neocene beds: The Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE Ambug Hill outcrop 1410, Brunei

2Department of Geology and Mining, László Kocsis1, Antonino Briguglio1, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, S15 1 1 Bangladesh Amajida Roslim , Hazirah Razak , Stjepan 3 Ćorić2, Gianluca Frijia3 Department of Botany, Bankim Sardar College, West Bengal, India S17 4Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic 1Geology Group, Faculty of Science, and Applied Sciences, International Islamic Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku University, Islamabad, Pakistan Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 2 5Department of Chemical Engineering, Geologische Bundesanstalt, Neulinggasse S18 Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia 38, A-1030 Wien, Austria 3Department of Earth Science, Sultan The purpose of this study is to carry out Qaboos University, PO 123 Al Khoud, geochemical and palynological studies of Oman S19 the Holocene sediments of the southeastern The Ambug Hill is an exceptional Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, Bengal Basin, geological site in the Tutong district of Bangladesh in order to investigate the Brunei Darussalam. A series of siliciclastic nature of sediments, their provenance, S20 rocks crops out here with some layers that tectonics, climate, weathering and are extremely rich in marine fossils such as palaeoenvironments of deposition. foraminifera, mollusks, crustaceans, fish Holocene sediments of the study area are remains (teeth, bones and otoliths) and S21 immature to sub- mature in nature and are also plant fossils (e.g., amber). Such rich in SiO content (av. 71.7%) and Al O 2 2 3 fossiliferous outcrops are extremely rare in (av. 13.3%) but other oxides are generally

44

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

the northern part of Borneo and their “Bukit Ambug” (Ambug Hill) in the Tutong description is of primary importance as District. The site provides one of the best their fossil content can be used to correlate preservation sites of fossils in the country. the regional depositional sequences with The fossils fauna collected comprises of global biostratigraphic zonations. In this molluscs, decapods, otoliths, shark, ray work we present for the first time a detailed teeth, amber, foraminifera and sedimentary profile completed with Sr- coccolithophorids. isotopes- and biostratigraphic dating. The In this research, each clay sample was succession is divided into four sedimentary taken from 20cm interval from the 9.5 units. The first unit is made by bioturbated meters clay was treated in peroxide and sandstone followed by a second unit of then sieved through 63 μm and 150 μm clay-silt rich levels whose first 9.5 meters sieve sizes to obtain abundance and contain rich marine fossil assemblages. diversity patterns of microfossils. The Calcareous nannoplankton data indicate a distribution trends can also be used Late Tortonian - Early Messinian (NN11) in interpreting changes in age, which is also confirmed by Sr-isotopes palaeoenvironment. Results point on dating derived from bivalve shells giving a microfossil assemblages of mostly numerical age range from 8.3 to 6.2 My. dominated by hyaline foraminifera, the After a major emersion surface, the third most abundant taxa identified which are sedimentary unit of sand- and siltstone is Cavarotalia annectens and Heterolepa deposited without suitable fossils for bio- dutemplei. Miliolids, lageniids, bolivinids and isotope stratigraphy. The age of and planktonic foraminifera are also emersion and the related sedimentary gap present but in much lower abundance. The could be either correlated with the Me1 abundance of the rotaliids indicate muddy (7.25 My) or the Me2 (5.73 My) sequence sea floor that is rich in nutrients, low light boundary. A fourth, thin sedimentary unit is penetration and possible growth of recognized on the top of the profile with seagrass patches, as shown by distribution silt- and claystone beds without age of the epiphytic foraminifera in the diagnostic remains and calcareous fossils. samples. Coccolithophorids data indicates one Studies on late Miocene shallow marine horizon of sediment biozone NN11a (Late sediments at Ambug Hill, Brunei Tortonion) age range of 7.5 to 8Ma due to Darussalam the presence of warm water indicators; Discoaster berggrenii and D. Amajida Roslim1, Antonino Briguglio1, quinqueramus. László Kocsis1, Stjepan Coric2, Holger

Gebhardt2, Hazirah Razak1, Gianluca A revised carboniferous fossil occurrences Frijia3 at Bukit Bucu, Batu Rakit, Terengganu, 1Faculty of Science/ Geology, Universiti Malaysia Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam, Nursufiah Sulaiman1, Zakiyah Ainul 2Geological Survey of Austria, Neulinggasse Kamal1 38, A-1030 Vienna, Austria 3Department of Earth Science, Sultan 1Faculty of Earth Science, University Qaboos University, PO 123 AL Khoud, Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Locked Oman Bag No 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan

In this study, 9.5 meters of clay succession Bukit Bucu is located near to the north from a rich-fossil site have been coast of Terengganu. The whole succession investigated and check for fossil is the interbedded of sandstones and abundances. The fossil site is known as shales, slightly folded and formed an

45 anticline plunging towards NNW. These environment. During this study one layer of interbedded of shales and sandstones are limestone was rediscovered east of Jalan striking NNW and dipping towards ENE or Lumapas in the Brunei Muara district WSW. The rocks in Bukit Bucu are exposed densely covered by vegetation. The other to very low metamorphism grade with well two layers reported from the '60s have not preserved of sedimentary structures with yet been found. Field work associated with evidenced of slaty cleavage. Fossils this study confirmed that the carbonate assemblages that have been recorded in beds are indeed intercalated within the Bukit Bucu were consist of fossils Belait Formation and do not depict angular brachiopods, trilobites, bryozoans, crinoids unconformities with the surrounding and bivalves as indication of shallow sediments. Over 30 samples have been marine depositional environment. From collected and thin-sections were made for our recent visit, the sedimentary rocks also microfacies analysis of the coral reefs. yielded some cephalopods, corals and These microfacies analyses have been plants fossils. Fossils that been specifically studied for better understanding of the recognized were Edmondia sp. (bivalve), palaeoenvironment and the identification Brachythyrina strangwaysi and of the age. The outcrop is characterized by Chonetinella sp. (brachiopod), Fenestella large abundance of corals, sponges, retiformes (bryozoan), Poteriocrinus sp. molluscs, sea urchins remains, (crinoid), Paladin sp. (trilobite), Hexaphyllia corallinacean and dasycladaceans algae sp (corals) and Rhodea sp. (plant). The and very abundant foraminifera. Most of most updated age of Bukit Bucu have been the collected corals belong to the family assigned as Carbo-Permian where it been Merulinidae (i.e., Platygyra sp., Caulastrea correlated to the sequences of sp., and Cyphastraea sp.), and the metamorphism from the south of Johor to foraminifera are represented by very the north of Terengganu. This paper aim to abundant rotaliids (i.e., Miogypsina sp., update the fossils occurrences at Bukit Bucu Amphistegina sp., and Operculina sp.). The since it last recorded on 1986. taxon Miogypsina is age indicative in the Southeast Asian realm and it was used for Microfacies analysis and biostratigraphic biostratigraphic determination. The only characterization of the limestone cropping specimen recovered in equatorial section out in Lumapas, Brunei Darussalam seems to belong to the species Miogypsina globulina, which has its biostratigraphic 1 1 Antonino Briguglio , Laszlo Kocsis , Faaiz span during the upper Te5 and lower Tf1, 1 1 Ali , Sulia Goeting therefore indicating a possible age of upper Burdigalian to basal Langhian. The 1Faculty of Science , Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link Gadong presence of these symbionts bearing BE1410 Brunei Darussalam foraminifera and the red algae indicates the environment of the coral reefs in the Limestone deposits in Brunei Darussalam shallow part of the euphotic zone with high have been firstly reported during the '60s energy conditions due to the preservation by geologists from the British geological state of some of the rotaliids and due to the survey during their mapping for economic epiphytic lifestyle of other taxa. deposits in the area of Lumapas. This early study reports three beds with a maximum Bay of Bengal oceanographic changes thickness of around 5 meters each during the last 300 years related to intercalated within the Belait Formation. monsoonal variation Since then, no more studies have been 1 1 carried out on the limestone: its age is Satabdi Mohanty , Ajoy K. Bhaumik unknown as well as its depositional

46

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

1Department of Applied Geology, Indian In comparison to its central counterpart Institute of Technology (Indian School of (i.e. , Sambung Macan, Trinil, Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand-826004, Ngandong, etc.), the Quaternary Geology India of northern part of Central and East Java is A preliminary study of representative still understudied, especially in the benthic foraminiferal assemblage of the correlation with the sedimentological Krishna-Godavari basin was undertaken to process and palaeoenvironment. The infer the climatic variation during the latest occurrence of vertebrate fossil remains, Holocene period. This study is pursued on and human in particular, in this part of offshore sediment samples collected from Java suggest that the northern part of National Gas Hydrate Program Hole Central and East Java play an important 15A(16°05 N, 82° 09 E, water depth 926 part as a suitable palaeohabitat of the m). Climatic variations are evident from Pleistocene-Holocene humans and faunas. benthic foraminiferal population over The fossil remains of human and other the last 300 years. The predominant vertebrates, as well as artefacts that were association of species Bulimina found in the sediments in the northern Java marginata, Globobulimina pupoides and is used to establish a vertebrate Rotaliatinopsis semiinvoluta in between AD biostratigraphic scheme of the northern 1706 to 1856 indicates cold and oxygen part of Java, which has never been done deficient environment which coincides with before. Based on the regional stratigraphy the Little Ice Age (LIA). In contrast, high of West and Central Java, the oldest productive environment is recorded by the lithological unit of this area is composed of coalition of species Bulimina aculeata, the Mundu Formation, which contains Plio- Bulimina quadrilatera, Cassidulina carinata, Pleistocene shallow marine sediments. This Fursenkoina bradyi which are predominant formation is unconformity overlaid by the within AD 1860 to 2006. A marked Quaternary sediment, which can be changeover of earth’s climate from the distinguished into the Lusi Formation Little Ice Age (LIA) to warmer phase has (131,5±13,2 ka) and Lusi Terraces (5 been occurred at around AD 1856. During terraces), dated back from the Late the LIA (1300 and 1870 years) South-West Pleistocene to Holocene. The Lusi Terraces (SW) monsoon was weaken which causes found in this area are consist of a oxygen deficient environment due to less morphological terraces: Lusi Terrace 1, precipitation and influx of fresh water in the while the other four terraces (Lusi Terrace Bay of Bengal. Intense SW monsoon during 2, 3, 4,5 ) consist of Lusi River’s deposits. the warm phase causes increased Changes in sedimentary process during the precipitation, supply of more oxygen and Pleistocene-Holocene influenced the nutrient rich fresh water to the Bay of development of the palaeoenvironment for Bengal. organisms inhabited the Lusi River Valley Area, including the vertebrate and human, Implication of the geological and along with their culture development. Fossil vertebrate palaeontological study of the faunas found in this area consist of: Famili Pleistocene-Holocene human occupation in Bovidae, Elephantidae, Stegodontidae, the Lusi River Basin, northern Java Rhinocerotidae, Cervidae, Crocodilidae, and Testudinidae. A hominid cranial fossil 1 1 Agus Tri Hascaryo , Yahdi Zaim , Yan fragment had been discovered from the 1 1 1 Rizal , Aswan , Mika Puspaningrum , conglomeratic coarse-grained sandstone of 1 Wahyu Dwijo Santoso the Lusi Formation. Based on the tomographic analysis, the cranial fragment 1Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology is considered as a juvenile Homo erectus, aged 2.5-3 years old. Artefacts are also

47 found in the study area, made of shells, has been eroded by high wave action bones and rocks. The discovery of during monsoon. There is more sediment vertebrate and Homo erectus fossil with coarse material found after monsoon remains, as well as the cultural artefacts in season which support that the wave energy the Lusi Formation and the Lusi Terrace 3 is higher during the monsoon period. The (94,9±12,6 ka), suggests that this area sediment texture mostly changes from sub- was a suited environment for the angular and low sphericity to sub-rounded Quaternary human occupation. and high sphericity. It shows that the wave action during northeast monsoon is strong Sedimentology and geomorphology enough to change the sediment texture analysis of coastal areas along Pantai Rhu during the monsoon period. In that sense, Sepuloh, Penarik, Terengganu: Monsoonal the monsoonal changes do affects the effect on the coastal area coastal area along Pantai Penarik.

1 Muhammad Nazrin Nor Kadim , Sedimentological & geomorphological 1 Mohamad Shaufi Sokiman analysis of coastal area along Pantai Penarik, Setiu, Terengganu: Monsoonal 1 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Department of Geosciences, 32610 Bandar effect on the coastal area Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Mohamad Nazim Bin Azmi1, Mohamad The coastline of Terengganu, including Shaufi Sokiman1 Pantai Rhu Sepuloh, Penarik were 1 geographically situate don the east coast of Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Department of Geosciences, 32610. Peninsular Malaysia were exposed to the Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia natural wave, wind and tide actions all the time. The high wind intensities during Pantai Penarik located at the coastline of northeast monsoon has caused the Terengganu state and any changes to the coastline to experience greater wave action beach structure is the result of the energy thus affecting the sediment transportation from the water and waves originated from and lead to serious coastal erosion. Several the South China Sea. It is widely accepted methods are used to identify the effect of that coastal erosion occurred along the monsoonal change to the beach. Total coastline of Terengganu is caused by the station was used to collect the data on strong waves during the northeast coordinate and elevation of the beach and monsoon seasons. In this study, we have generate beach profile to observe the collected sand samples along the selected changes on the beach morphology before transect line at Pantai Penarik and we also and after monsoon. Beach sediment measure the beach profile using total sample is collected and were properly label station method in order to investigate the according to the transect line and sampling changes on the beach along the selected point. The collected samples later will be transect line in terms of sedimentology and treated and proceed with laboratory geomorphology. The collected sand analysis by dry sieving method to identify samples were analyses using dry sieving the sediment distribution of the area and methods in order to determine the mean detect any changes on the sediment grain size, sorting and also skewness of the distribution caused by monsoonal change. sediment. Heavy mineral in the samples The sediment texture is also viewed using also being evaluated to determine the petrographic method to identify the possible provenance of the mineral. In monsoon effect to the beach sediment. It general, Pantai Penarik, Terengganu can be observed that the beach slope consist mainly of medium to fine grained becomes less steep and lower elevation sand. Other than that, based on the grain after monsoon. This shows that the beach size analysis after northeast monsoon

48

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

season the sorting is being better and the burrow diameter) are processed by grain size become coarser and skewness principal component analysis. Five results also show negative value that ichnofabric clusters and stratigraphic indicate it being influenced by coarse size ichnometry curves have been generated. particles. The geomorphology study is done Deciphering the nature of ichnofabric using total station data and cross section of models should be validated by other the beach at every 100 m interval is ichnofabric criteria and lithofacies data. In produced. The cross section of the beach this contribution, the main factors (e.g. tidal after Northeast monsoon season is shorter symmetry-asymmetry and strength) and steeper at most points that could controlled the tidal regime can be indicate erosion of the beach. Based on revealed. Furthermore, open coast and heavy mineral analysis that has been made estuarine palaeo-depositional setting can it can be conclude that the mineral be depicted within the basin. deposition at Pantai Penarik, Setiu, Terengganu is coming from the igneous Provenance studies of Manchar Formation, body from the Eastern Belt. Based on type central Kirthar Range, Pakistan: Conflict of minerals being trace at Pantai Penarik between western and northern Himalayan such as magnetite, hematite, andalusite, source tourmaline and ilmenite a hypothesis can Muhammad Hassan Agheem1, Abdul be made that the sediment is originated Jabbar Channa1, Sarfraz Hussain Solangi1, from granite body of Eastern Belt. Other Muhammad Ali Solangi1, Ghulam Mustafa supporting details for this argument is Thebo1 based on the landform of Terengganu and direction of Sungai Terengganu flow that 1Centre for Pure & Applied Geology, work as supply of sediment to the coastal University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan area. The sediments of Manchar Formation were Miocene tides revealed by ichnofabric deposited at the time of mid-Miocene to Pliocene in the Lower Indus Basin. During 1 1 1 Ery Arifullah , Yahdi Zaim , Aswan , this time, the remnants of Neotethys were 1 Djuhaeni completely consumed even in the Lower Indus Basin. It is generally accepted that 1Institut Teknologi Bandung, Department of the source of sediments of time equivalent Geology, Jl. Ganeca, No. 10, Bandung, Indonesia rocks of Manchar in the Upper Indus Basin is from northern Himalayas. Manchar Since the tidalites are absent, the Formation records an important interval of palaeotides determination may be tectono-sedimentary events of regional complicated. However, in recent years change from marginal marine to fluvial ichnofabric is one of the striking depositional systems. It is exposed all the sedimentary facies has been developed for way through the eastern flank of Kirthar sedimentological studies. The response of Range and on both the eastern and ichnofabric criteria to palaeotides has been western flanks of the Laki Range. The discerned for the Miocene deposit on present study shows that both the source Samarinda within Kutai Basin Indonesia. and depositional environment of Manchar Ichnofabric criteria, such as ichnometry Formation in the Lower Indus Basin is not and ichnofossil together with lithofacies are same as considered earlier. The field and collected from 270,5 meters thick outcrops. petrographical data for Manchar The size of ichnometry variables (i.e. Formation is evaluated to know about the bioturbation index, ichnodiversity, number source and depositional environment. The of ethologies, penetration depth and field studies disclose that the formation is

49 mainly comprised of six major sandstone and siltstone units with interbedded minor clays/shales and are separated by thick yellow-brown mudstones. The distinct facies are grey to greenish siltstone, yellow- brown mudstones of flood plains, massive silica and off-white to cream coloured sandstones of beach environment. On the other hand, fine to medium grained, sub- angular to sub-rounded, moderately sorted grey sandstone sequence with hematitic/limonitic alteration, trough cross bedding, wood logs and terrestrial vertebrate fossils are pointing a fluvial depositional environment. Primary sedimentary structures; for example trough cross bedding, plannar lamination and tabular cross bedding obviously shows fluvial system. However, the features such as hummocky cross stratification, ripple cross lamination and bioturbation are some evidences of transitional environment. Petrographic data indicate that majority of the samples are sub-arkose to sub–litharenite while a few are quartz- arenite. The microphotographs and SEM images show that the shape of quartz is commonly sub-angular to sub-rounded and the grains are moderately sorted. Such textural data indicate that the source of sediments was not far away as is thought earlier. It is therefore proposed that the sediments of Manchar Formation could probably come from the western highlands of Axial Belt and Balochistan Basin rather than the northern Himalayas.

50

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Thursday 16 November 2017 (Megaselachus) megalodon. Besides the sharks, the remains of two batoid orders, Miocene shark and ray teeth from six the Rhinoprisitiformes and Myliobatiformes, different localities around Brunei have been discovered. The latter is more Darussalam abundant and especially the Dasyatidae family. The fauna is quite diverse and such 1 1 Hazirah Razak , Laszlo Kocsis , Antonino fossil chondryichtian assemblages have 1 Briguglio never been reported before especially from Brunei as well as from the tropical region 1Geology Group, Faculty of Science, of Southeast Asia. Universiti Brunei Darusslam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam Studies of Middle to Upper Miocene Unique fish faunas have been recently shallow marine sediments from Tutong discovered from six different sites in the district in Brunei Darussalam Bandar-Muara and Tutong districts of Amajida Roslim1, Antonino Briguglio1, Brunei Darussalam (Ambug Hill, László Koćsis1, Hazirah Razak1, Izaz Fahad Penanjong beach, Kampung Keriam, Bahrein1 Tutong 2, Tanjung Nangka and Subok outcrops), consisting mainly of dental 1Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei elements. The teeth come from shallow Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong marine successions with an age ranging from middle to late Miocene and from The geology of shallow marine deposits three different lithostratgraphic units: the has always been studied thoroughly in the Belait, Miri and Seria Formations. The past and is important. The shallow marine Ambug Hill outcrop is the youngest, sediments in Brunei Darussalam have been whereas Subok is the oldest. The deposited since the Oligocene and some of Penanjong beach outcrop is characterized them are well exposed in the Tutong by reworked upper Miocene beds of the District. In this study, six localities have Seria Formation mixed with faunal been investigated along the Tutong road in elements of younger deposits. Hundreds of the Tutong District; they are named T1, T2, shark and ray teeth have been found from T3, T4, T5 and Ambug Hill outcrop. For these sites and the remains were picked each outcrop, a sedimentary profile was from the easily weathered surfaces and in recorded and used to interpret the some cases the sediment was screen- depositional environment. Additionally, a washed for micro-fossils. Among all, total of 46 clay-rich samples were collected Ambug Hill is the most fossil-rich locality from these localities and microfossils were where many macro as well as micro teeth extracted in order to establish the have been collected. At the other sites the biostratigraphy and to attempt to teeth are less frequent, still they allow us to reconstruct the palaeoecology. The results see a wider spatial distribution of certain point out that most of the profiles can be fish groups. Several selachian and batoid divided into progradational parasequences taxa have been identified, with the help of from offshore transitions to shoreface modern and fossil comparative materials. environments. However one outcrop (T5), Our results show that in all outcrops the the sedimentary environment shows fauna is dominated by the distinctive tide dominated signatures with Carcharhiniformes shark order and sandy and muddy tidal flats and a tidal specifically by the Carcharhinidae family. channel. These types of sedimentary Only one more order, the Lamniformes, is environments are very common in the represented in our fauna by a single region and have been triggered by large species: the large shark Otodus and complex deltaic systems that were

51 active since the early Miocene. Such Neogene sediments in SE Sulawesi based systems were mainly wave dominated on new data from fieldwork and laboratory during most of the transgressive system studies, including light and heavy tracts and could pass into tide dominated mineralogical, palaeontological and zircon settings during the late highstands causing geochronological analyses. Facies locally important forced regressions. In interpretations have been integrated with terms of micropalaeontology, foraminifera biostratigraphic and provenance data to have been found in T1, T2, T4 and Ambug interpret the sedimentation history and Hill but not in T3 and T5. The absence of consider lateral change and correlation foraminifera shows deposition in a very across a large area. The Miocene to restricted environment indicating fluvial Pleistocene successions in SE Sulawesi can influence or preservation bias due to late be subdivided into the Bungku, Pandua, diagenesis. The foraminifera found are Eemoiko and Langkowala Formations. mostly benthonic rotaliid foraminifera Lower Miocene carbonates and deltaic whereas planktonic ones are rare. Among serpentinite-rich siliciclastics were assigned the rotalliids, the most common taxa are in this study to the lower and upper parts of the genera Ammonia, Nonion and Bolivina the Bungku Formation respectively. They found in the oldest part of the section (T1, are unconformably overlain by the Upper T2 and T4), whereas in the younger Miocene Pandua Formation that consists of sediments of the last investigated outcrop deltaic-coastal serpentinite-rich siliciclastics. (known as Ambug Hill) the respective The base of the Langkowala Formation is a assemblages are different; the most latest Miocene correlative conformity with common taxa are Cavarotalia, Heterolepa an angular unconformity inland. The and Bolivina. The abundance of the rotaliid unconformity surface is overlain by the foraminifera in the studied localities uppermost Miocene-lowermost Pleistocene suggests a precise depositional Langkowala and Eemoiko Formations. environment in shallow marine settings that Langkowala Formation sediments were can potentially be used for biostratigraphic deposited in a predominantly terrestrial to indexes in determining the age of rock marginal marine environment and formation. interfinger with carbonates of the Eemoiko Formation. They both record transgression Reconstructing Neocene stratigraphy and in the Pliocene. The unconformity is palaeogeography of SE Sulawesi, marked by a change in sources recorded Indonesia by serpentinite-rich sandstones of the Pandua Formation overlain by quartz-rich Abang Mansyursyah Surya Nugraha1, sandstones of the Langkowala Formation. Robert Hall2 Heavy mineral and zircon geochronology 1Universitas Pertamina and Southeast Asia analyses also show pronounced differences Research Group in provenance at this change. This 2Royal Holloway University of London integrated study is depicted on palaeogeographic maps to give a better Neogene sediments in the SE Arm of understanding of the complex geology and Sulawesi have been assigned to the new insights into the similarities and Celebes Molasse considered as a post- differences between different formations orogenic unit deposited unconformably on included in the Celebes Molasse. The pre-Neogene sedimentary, metamorphic, Neogene sediments were deposited in and ophiolitic rocks. As a result the various depositional environments from Celebes Molasse includes numerous poorly terrestrial to deep marine and reflect defined formations of uncertain Neogene sediment-routing systems from hinterlands age. We present a revised stratigraphy and to basins. The sedimentation history is interpreted history of deposition for the

52

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

closely related to late Neogene extension- all represent a very typical depth related uplift and subsidence which distribution of an eutrophic environment followed Early Miocene arc-continent with much shallower depths than those collision in eastern Sulawesi. found in oligotrophic waters.

Depth distribution of modern larger benthic High and low energy ooids from Zhangxia foraminifera offshore Brunei Darussalam Formation at the Qingshuihe Section in Huhehaote City, Inner Mangolia, north 1 1 Sulia Goeting , Antonino Briguglio , China Platform 1 1 Rosnani Kusli , Laszlo Kocsis , Wolfgang Eder2 Muhammad RIAZ1, Khalid LATIF1,2, Enzhao XIAO1, Long WANG1 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Jalan 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Tungku Link, BE1410, Bandar Seri China University of Geosciences, Beijing Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 100083, China 2 Department of Palaeontology, University of 2National Centre of Excellence in Geology, Vienna, UZA II Geozentrum, Althanstrasse University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan 14,1090 Vienna, Austria The Zhangxia Formation at Qingshuihe Brunei Darussalam is located at the section in Huhehaote city, Inner Mangolia periphery of the so-called Coral Triangle: in the North-China Platform belongs to the modern biodiversity hotspot on Earth. Cambrian series 3 and can be divided into Recent studies have shown that there are three fourth order sub-sequences on the number of sites off-shore Brunei basis of the depositional trend reflected by Darussalam with abundant and diverse the cyclicity of sedimentary facies foraminifera assemblages. In this paper, succession. These depositional sequences the depth distribution of the symbiont are made up by the drowned unconformity, bearing larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) of which are constituted by a generally six sites offshore Brunei Muara is shallowing upward succession from a investigated. The six sites investigated are condensed section made up by both Pelong rocks, Abana Reef, Oil Rig Wreck, calcareous mudstones of the shallow shelf American Wreck, Australian Wreck and facies and marls of the deep ramp facies in Bluewater Wreck. The purpose of this study the lower part to a shallow-water is to quantify the depth distribution of LBF carbonate succession belonging to the mid and to compare it with different and shallow ramp facies in the upper part. environmental and ecological conditions. Oolitic bank of different morphologies i.e. This is very important because LBF depth even and uneven radial-concentric ooids distribution is strongly influenced by light with or without nuclei, composite ooids, penetration in the water column and sea crystalline ooids, micro-boring ooids, bottom substrate type. Brunei waters are pseudo and pseudo-deformed ooids are generally rich in suspended material due to the dominant features present in the first rivers discharging in the Brunei Bay and the and second fourth order sub-sequences, sea bottom is largely made of fine mud. while the bioherm of massive biologic Therefore, the results here presented limestone in fourth third order sub- strongly deviate from those collected in sequence comprises radial, Girvanella regions where light penetration is more cortex and Girvanella nuclei ooids. intense and the seabottom is sandier. Different environmental factors, including Among the taxa observed from the water chemistry, physical agitation and different offshore locations, the most abrasion (turbulence), and biochemical common families are the Amphistiginidae, factors, including metabolism and Calcarinidae and Nummulitidae and they

53 microbial activities, are involved in their considered as unit-3. So far, 60 numbers formation. Transition between the of core samples were collected from an individual cortex, crystal fabric, size and exploratory drilling site of near shape, concentration of organic matter, Matanomadh lignite mines, out of which and development of different composition 10 samples are productive in terms of of biofilm in the formation of ooids make foraminifera and nannofossils. Unit-1 and the differences from the high energy to low 2 are barren and did not contain any age energy setting ooids. Consequently, the diagnostic foraminifera and nannofossils. forming pattern of oolitic banks that On the basis of lithological assemblages of developed in late highstand system tract unit-2 is equivalent to the Early Eocene of (LHST) indicates the varying depositional Naredi formation. Unit-3 contains ample settings controlled by the energy condition number of benthic (Halkyardia minima, within the Zhangxia Formation. Triloculina bhallai, Valvulineria rugosa, Cibicides spp, Elphidium spp, Nonion spp, The Eocene depositional history and Quinqueloculina spp, Linderina kutchnesis, stratigraphy of Kutch Basin, India: Rotalia sp.), planktic (Orbulinoides Nannofossils and foraminiferal evidences beckmanni). Presence of Halkyardia minima, Linderina kutchensis and 1 1 Hema Srivastava , Ajoy K. Bhaumik Orbulinoides beckmanni clearly indicates the age of this segment of sediments as 1Department of Applied Geology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of middle Eocene. The nannofossil Mines) Dhanbad, Jharkhand-826004 assemblages are reported from this unit-3 are Cyclicargolithus floridanus, The Eocene sedimentary successions in Reticulofenestra dictyoda, Reticulofenestra Matanomadh area, western Kachchh, are minuta, Reticulofenestra bisecta, well developed. The late Palaeocene to Reticulofenestra lockeri, Sphenolithus early Eocene is characterized by the perpendicularis, Braarudosphaera biglowi presence of lignite deposits over the Sphenolithus keempii, Nannotatrina Deccan trap. Middle Eocene to late middle fulgens. Nannofossil assemblages Eocene are consists of fossiliferous grey represent the warm to a temperate water shales and limestone. The present study is temperature of middle Eocene age. Based carried out to decipher the depositional on the presence of these microfossils, it is environment of the sedimentary beds surmised that the core samples of unit-3 deposited within Eocene sequences of belonging to the Fulra limestone of middle Kutch basin on the basis of foraminifera Eocene age, which were deposited in the and nannofossil assemblages. The core inner shelf environment. samples represent the 3 major lithological units as Unit-1, 2 and 3. Weathered trap is Depositional environment of glauconite present at the base of the core with a associated Cambrian strata of north China thickness of 7 m considered as unit-1 Platform (85.17 to 92 m), which is overlain by the 1 1 alternate bands of shales (grey, dark grey Muhammad RIAZ , Enzhao XIAO , Khalid LATIF1,2, Long WANG1 and carbonaceous) and lignite. This alternate appearance of shales and lignite 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, covers a thickness of 46 m assigned as China University of Geosciences, Beijing unit-2 (41.50 to 85.13 m). Depth between 100083, China 32.70 to 41.50 m depth represent the 2National Centre of Excellence in Geology, lithological assemblage of calcareous University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan limestone, fossiliferous grey shale, grey shale with alternate limestone bands

54

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Numerous studies fail the law of “Present is superposition of vertical and lateral key to past” by explaining the different accretion, or the sequence stratigraphy, depositional environments of modern and with concepts of both isochronism and ancient glauconitic mineral. Glauconite diachronism. From the Steno’s Laws stating developed within oolitic limestone in that rocks laid down in vertical order with Cambrian Gushan Formation of Series 3 in younger strata on the top of the older to Kelan section, Shanxi province, North the Walther’s Phase Law suggesting that China Platform. Stratigraphic, geochemical the contiguous relation in space can be and petrographic data indicate that the transformed into the chronological glauconitic mineral is autochthonous. The sequence in time, the stratigraphy not only glauconite mineral developed inside these expresses the concept of space by using oolitic limestone, which represents the top, bottom, left and right, but also reveals depositional record of forced regressive its time attribute. The unconformity, once system tract of third-order sequence, supposed to be a structure-induced concept usually indicate normal to high rate of from the beginning, which represented its sedimentation and high energy spatial incongruity caused by folds or environment. The presence of glauconite in orogeny, is now defined with the help of fabric of ooids also demonstrates that this time attribute i.e. the prolonged absence of mineral precipitated alongside the stratigraphic record. Similarly, the precipitation of calcite or aragonite. In stratigraphic cycle, a term previously marked contrast to the modern describing the repetition of strata, after the environments of deposition, these confirmation of the Quaternary glauconite bearing Cambrian strata Milankovitch cycle is redefined as the formed under high energy tidal-flat transgressive and regressive sequences conditions. Thus, glauconitic mineral alone bounded by unconformities in the cannot be adopted as an environmental stratagraphic record. The stratigraphic indicator; instead its association with the record is a space-time structure, in which surrounding facies may decide the the time factor is often disturbed by sedimentary depositional environment. external forces, and its cycle is often broken by the geologic events, thus forming An appraisal of the development of unique stratigraphic strata. The discovery stratigraphy from temporal and spatial and restoration of the spatial and temporal perspectives order in the complex stratigraphic record is therefore becoming the driving force in 1 1 1,2 Long Wang , Rui Zhang , Khalid Latif , promoting the development and 1 Muhammad Riaz integration of all stratigraphy branches. 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan The philosophy of time and space has always been the main line of all stratigraphy branches and runs through the appraisal of sedimentary strata. It can be the chronostratigraphy, which is established strictly on an isochronal framework, the lithostratigraphy, in which the diachronism occur due to the

55

derived from peat swamp and riparian

POSTER PRESENTATIONS vegetation including montane, coastal and seasonal pollen component. However, their Tertiary palynomorph from the Lambir occurrences are scarce. Some of dominant Formation (middle – species which is originated from peat Late Miocene), northern Sarawak, swamp vegetation includes Palaquium sp., Malaysia Dactylocladus sp., Blumeodendron sp.,

Stemonurus sp., Calophyllum sp., Mazshurraiezal Bin Nasir1, Abdul Hadi Abd Rahman1, Zainey Konjing2 Cyrthostachys sp., Pandanus sp., Eugenia sp., Ilex sp., and Elaeocarpus sp. Some 1Department of Petroleum Geosciences, taxa of open marine dinoflagellate cysts Universiti Technologi PETRONAS, Bandar were also recorded represented by Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak Darul Operculodinium sp., Lingulodinium sp., and Ridzuan Spiniferites sp. The acme of mangrove 2Orogenic Resources Sdn Bhd, Kawasan palynomorphs which is dominated by Perindustrian Tekali, Sungai Tekali, 43100 Ulu Langat, Selangor Zonocostites ramonae including high proportion back mangrove pollen suggests a former mangrove belt was developed The Middle - Late Miocene Lambir and associated with back mangrove Formation is extensively exposed along the swamps within coastal areas. This event road from Bekenu to Miri near the Bukit probably associated with transgression Lambir National Park. This formation is phase or relative sea level rise. The characterized by a succession of presence of F. trilobata, F. levipoli and F. interbedded sandstone and mudstone, meridionalis are very significant at least in passing into heterolithic interval in several providing relative age for the Lambir exposures. Palynological analysis was Formation in particular. The occurrence of carried out on the exposed Lambir palynomorphs from the study area is Formation outcrops around Bukit Lambir compared to the palynological zonation National Park. There are eighteen (18) published by Germeraad et al., (1968) and samples were subjected for palynological Morley (1978) which was developed for analysis. These samples were collected South East Asia region. The comparison from three different outcrop locations results show the samples can be assigned mostly from the mudstone facies with few into Middle Miocene-Late Miocene samples from sandstone facies. Most of the palynostratigraphic zones. samples yielded moderately to well- preserved palynomorphs with at least 100 Late Miocene Otodus (Megaselachus) palynomorphs taxa were identified. In megalodon from Brunei Darussalam: Body general, mangrove species are dominant length estimation and habitat in all samples dominated by Zonocostites reconstruction ramonae. This followed by Florschuetzia group pollen represented by Florschuetzia Hazirah Razak1, László Kocsis1 meridionalis, Florschuetzia levipoli and 1 Florschuetzia trilobata. The Zonocostites Geology Group, Faculty of Science, ramonae tends to present in great number Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku especially in mudstone samples and Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam overwhelming the pollen count. Other Shark teeth are very common vertebrate mangrove species present in the samples fossil due to the large number of teeth include Acrostichum aureum, Excoecaria each shark has and loses during their aggulocha, Spinizinicolpites echinatus, lifetime and due to the composition of the Avicennia type and Oncosperma type. In teeth (crystalline bioapatite) that has a high addition, other palynomorph sources are

56

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

preservation potential. In the past 2 years, The objectives of this project are to look for hundreds of shark teeth were found and sea bottom variations trough time next to identified from Brunei’s Late Miocene the sunken wrecks and how such variations shallow marine sediments, among them are affecting benthic biodiversity offshore the famous macro-predator the Otodus Brunei. In this study five sea bottom cores (Megaselachus) megalodon. So far three are presented and collected from offshore teeth are known from Brunei: 1) It is Brunei Darussalam: two cores were taken reported in the book of Sandal (1996) from nearby two sunken WWII wrecks (so called the Penanjong beach; 2) It is found at the Australian wreck at 34 m and the American Ambug Hill in Tutong by our group and it wreck at 32.6 m respectively), one core is in the collection of the Universiti Brunei was taken near to a recently sunken wreck Darussalam and 3) It is kept in a private (Dolphin wreck at 25.3 m) and the other collection found at the same locality as the two cores were taken at water depths of 30 previous one. All these teeth are relatively m and 20 m in an undisturbed small in size and the question rises on how environment few km away from the wrecks. big were the sharks were that lost them. Each core recovered 40 to 60 cm of The actual body size of this large shark has sediment and each core was sliced at 2 cm always been an appealing issue and many interval. In addition, a total of 33 sea efforts had been previously done in this bottom sediment samples were also direction (e.g., Shimada, 2003, Pimiento et collected along the two transects line al., 2010). In this study, determination of offshore Muara and Tutong ranging from body sizes is solely based on the height of water depth of approximately 9 m to 60 m. tooth crown with the help of its tooth Each sample was wet sieved to examine the position in the jaw. Such work was already content and the variation in terms of the done for the great white shark (Shimada, sedimentological characteristics. Beside 2003) and has been adapted to the O. standard granulometric analysis, we run megalodon in various ways (e.g., Pimiento statistical correlation analysis, et al., 2010). Our results show that, all the correspondence analysis and cluster studied teeth belonged to juvenile O. analysis in order to characterize and megalodon sharks. This might indicate that correlate the studied samples to observe these smaller specimens frequented in whether significant differences are present shallow coastal waters that probably among the investigated samples and to consisted easy food source habitats or recognize variation trends and ecological juvenile sharks might have grown up in niches. The results reveal that the change these shallow environments and the region of grading patterns of the cores taken near was used as a nursery ground. the wrecks as well as the two cores taken at 10 m depth difference have a similar fining Sedimentological characterization of sea upwards pattern. In addition, the presence bottom sediments offshore Muara and of biogenic materials such as corals, Tutong bivalves, gastropods and foraminifera within the cores clearly separate wrecks Norhanizan Zaini1, Qawiy Ya’kub1, Sulia samples from those collected in the Goeting1, Amajida Roslim1, Antonino undisturbed environment. Results also show Briguglio1 that the amount of planktonic foraminifera 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of increases with increasing depth which is Science, Department of Geology, Jalan surprisingly due to the relatively shallow Tungku Link, BE1410, Bandar Seri environment of the samples. Begawan, Brunei Darussalam Late Miocene gastropods from the Seria Formation, Brunei Darussalam

57

Antonino Briguglio1, Mathias Harzhauser2, from the Lahat Formation of the Jambi Sub Han Raven3, László Kocsis1, Asiqqin Basin, Jambi, Indonesia Adnan1, Martin Zuschin4, Oleg Mandic2 Koes Haryanto1, M. Hafizh Ensya1, M. 1Faculty of Science, Geology, University Akbar Mulyadi1 Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 1University Pembangunan Nasional 2Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Faculty of Mineral 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria Technology, Department of Geology, Jalan 3Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The SWK 104, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Netherlands 4Department of Palaeontology, University of Palaeogene synrift deposit notably Lahat Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Formation have been currently as having Austria high industrial interest related to petroleum exploration, particularly with regard to their We present the first systematic description reservoir potential. The Palaeogene synrift of a Tortonian (late Miocene) gastropod deposit of South Sumatra Basin is assemblage from the Ambug Hill section in becoming the future exploration target. The the Tutong District in Brunei Darussalam. Lahat Formation is a good example of a The assemblage is characterized by a Palaeogene synrift outcrop data but is relative low-diversity as it comprises only relatively poorly exposed. Lahat Formation 63 species of which 38 are unknown from is one of the filler formations in the South other Neogene faunas of the Indo-West Sumatra Basin which has an important role Pacific Region (IWP); 23 species are in petroleum system. This paper is formally described as new. The composed by using measured outcrop data assemblage is dominated by carnivorous, from the synrift sediments by characterizing scavenging and detritus feeding taxa and it detailed analyses of the facies and might be representing a mud-bottom sedimentary architecture. The sections were environment of the inner shelf in few tens divided into facies based on lithology, of meters water depth with reduced texture, and sedimentary structures. Large vegetation. The small size of most scale patterns in the form of facies specimens, the frequent occurrence of associations and facies successions were subadult shells and small size of several also identified. Facies analysis was species relative to congeneric species might conducted on the succession of the point to suboptimal environmental measurement stratigraphy of the Asam conditions during the deposition of the river, Jambi. Ten sedimentary facies were Seria Formation. The very low relations distinguished: gravel matrix massive with Neogene gastropod faunas from (Gmm), gravel clast massive (Gcm), gravel Indonesia at the species level might be clast inverse graded (Gci), gravel planar explained by the biogeographic isolation cross-bed (Gp), gravel horizontal between the faunas of the Java and imbrication (Gh), sandstone planar cross- Celebes seas and that from the South bed (Sp), sandstone horizontal (Sh), China Sea. A severe undersampling and sandstone massive (Sm) sandstone scour rather spotty taxonomic descriptions of (Ss), fine silt massive (Fsm). Five Neogene IWP-faunas and a lack of architectural elements were identified: assemblages from identical depositional Channel (CH), Sediment Gravity Flow (SG), environments of Indonesia may also gravel bars and bedform (GB) sandy contribute to the seemingly endemic bedform (SB), and overbank (OB). The character of the Ambug Hill fauna. lithology characteristics of Lahat Formation Sedimentary facies and architecture are discovered showing immature texture analysis of synrift deposits: An observation which characterized by dominantly boulder-size grains, thick, very poor

58

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

sorting, contain of matrix and grain biostratigraphy of the Oligocene-Miocene supported, and few sedimentary structures. sedimentary successions in the Philippine Fragments of detritus derived from basins. basement such as subangular quartzite. in some places are found volcanic rocks as The genus Heterostegina (Eocene to recent) andesite and basalt. These outcrop show in the american bioprovince: A larger imbrications to east-northwest which foraminifer of the open marine associate to debris deposits. The facies environment succession is interpreted as representing of Claudia Baumgartner-Mora1, Jorge Alluvial Fan system. Cortes2, Peter O. Baumgartner1 Updates on the refinement of the 1Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Oligocene-Miocene calcareous nannofossil Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland biostratigraphy of Hole U1490A in the 2CIMAR, Universidad de Costa Rica, San northern Eauripik Rise of the west Pacific Pedro, 2060 San Jose, Costa Rica

Yvonne Ivy L. Doyongan1, Allan Gil S. Heterostegina is widespread in open Fernando1, IODP Expedition 363 Scientists1 marine, well-oxygenated conditions in the modern tropical/subtropical oceans. In 1 National Institute of Geological Sciences, oligotrophic environments this genus is University of the Philippines, Diliman, most abundant at 30-40 m depth, but Quezon City ranges from almost 0-100 m. In Several studies in relation to the refinement mesotrophic areas its depth range may be of nannofossil biohorizons are continuously much reduced. Here, we report on the being developed, although studies focusing Modern occurrence of Heterostegina on the west Pacific are lacking (e.g., Raffi et depressa found during a general study of al., 2006; Agnini et al., 2014). An benthos in shallow reef environments of the Oligocene-Recent sedimentary succession Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The sample was recovered in Hole U1490A in the is from Puerto Vargas in the Cahuita Eauripik Rise (West Pacific) during a recent National Park. Puerto Vargas is situated SE International Ocean Drilling Program of Punta Cahuita in the lagoon area of the (IODP) Expedition. The hole contained largest coral reef of Costa Rica’s moderate- to well-preserved calcareous Caribbean coast. Heterostegina was found nannofossils throughout the 380-meter hidden in a plastic sponges fixed artificially sequence. Based on the preliminary at 6 m depth in the outer part of the inner calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy coral reef crest. The conditions of the established onboard, the identified Cahuita Reef depend much on the nannofossil marker taxa are correlated well precipitations in the Atlantic basin of Costa with planktonic foraminifer and Rica. There is no real dry season and palaeomagnetic data (Rosenthal et al., precipitations may be very abundant from 2017). In an effort to contribute to the May to November. Suspended sediment refinement of existing nannofossil zonation from nearby rivers affect very much the reef schemes, calcareous nannofossil environment. It is therefore, in general, biostratigraphy using higher resolution mesotrophic with seasonal changes to sampling interval was done on Hole oligotrophic conditions. The reef is U1490A, focusing on the nannofossil characterized by an outer crest extending assemblages of the Oligocene-Miocene for 5 km around Punta Cahuita. The reef units. This data will serve as a reference crest is dominated by Millepora section for future biostratigraphic studies in complanata and coralline algae, Acropora the western Pacific, as well as studies on palmata died off in 1983 and has slightly recovered since. A smaller inner crest

59 extends for 500 m around Puerto Vargas samples have been analyses for and is built mainly of Agaricia agaricites foraminifera, nanofossils and palynology. and Porites spp. The lagoon is mainly Microfossil assemblages are described and covered by coral rubble and corraline algal their vertical distribution within is discussed. oncoids, with a few seagrasses and algae. The techniques of the study include: 1) The occurrence of Heterostegina in the Nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera Cainozoic fossil record on Central America as age-diagnostic taxa, 2) benthonic and the Caribbean is dissentious in space foraminifera as palaeoenvironmental and time due to short-lived optimal indicator, 3) palynomorphs, conditions for photozoan carbonates in the palynomacerals and combination of frame of volcanically and tectonically active foraminifera and palynology are used to margins, in addition to global climate and find palynofacies, palynosignals and sea level changes. Small scaled Upper helped to define paleoenvironments. Eocene limestone occurrences in Costa Benthonic Foraminifera prove essential for Rica (Las Animas, Punta Cuevas, Peñon de palaoenvironment determinations, Arío, Fila Costeña) contain several especially for water depth determination morphotypes of Heterostegina along with (Paleobathymetry). abundant nummulitids and Lepidocyclina Common biostratigraphy data limitation spp. These photozoan, pure carbonate encountered such as less optimal facies palaeo-environments developed on off- control of microfossil, few age-diagnostic shore shoals and/or on oceanic islands taxa or biozones and sediment reworking. sheltered from detrital input from the rising Integration of Foraminifera, Palynology volcanic arc. Upper Oligocene/ Lower and Palynofacies assemblages helped to Miocene occurrences include 1. Carbonate define Paleoenvironment and shoals in tectonically active areas such as comprehensive biochronostratigraphic Punta Peladas, Costa Rica; Ciénaga de framework for Onshore Brunei Oro Formation, San Jacinto Belt, Stratigraphy. The study suggests that Caribbean Colombia, Carriacou, onshore Brunei chronostratigraphic Grenadines; Antigua. 2. Extended framework consists of marginal marine carbonate platforms such as Florida and and non-marine Early Pliocene to Late Puerto Rico. Miocene marine section. The new work also offer additional benefit in providing a Biochronostratigraphy of onshore Brunei better understanding of reservoir stratigraphy update using microfossil architecture, potential regional paleo shelf assemblages identification and identifying regional and local unconformities. Dk Hjh Amal Azemah Pg Hj Jamaluddin1, 1 Nadhirah Mohd Sahrip , Dk Hjh Siti Hajar Pg Hj Zainal1

1Brunei National Petroleum Company, 2nd Floor, Blocks A, B & C, YSHHB Complex, Jalan Pretty, Bandar Seri Begawan Construction of updated Biocronostratigraphic framework for onshore Brunei, the prime objective of the study, has been achieved through integration of legacy well data, new 3D seismic data, new well data and analyses from new outcrop samples. Outcrop

60

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 beads. These structures can be described Session 07: as leiolitic bioherms, which suggest Biomineralisation evidence of forced regression for the S03 carbonate deposition. A variety of calcified Chaiperson: David John microorganisms such as Epiphyton, Marshall Girvanella and Renalcis were discovered from the leiolitic bioherms. The discovery S04 confirms that the cyanobacteria-dominated ORAL PRESENTATIONS microbial mat gave rise to leiolitic bioherms, which bear the signs of the first S06 Saturday 18 November 2017 episode of “cyanobacteria-calcification event” in Cambrian time. The complicated Calcified microorganisms bloom in microbial sedimentation also facilitated the Cambrian Furongian series: The evidence development of benthic ooids in the leiolitic form microfacies of microbialitic-bioherm S07 bioherm, which together with the presence in Qijiayu section, Hebei Province, north of calcified microorganism, embedded in China Platform the ground mass of micrite and microspar, S08 Enzhao Xiao1, Khalid Latif1,2, Muhammad inform about the complex mechanism of 1 3 1 bioherm formation. Riaz , Yinglun Qin , Hao Wang S09 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, Role of microbial mat and biofilm induced China University of Geosciences, Beijing calcification in ooids development: 100083,China E xamples from the Cambrian Oolitic Bank 2National Centre of Excellence in Geology, Facies of north China Platform S10 University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan 1 1 3 En-Zhao Xiao , Muhammad Riaz , Khalid Oil and Gas Survey, CGS, Beijing 100083, Latif,1,2, Ying-Lun Qin3 China S14 1School of Earth Sciences and Cambrian Furongian series at Qijiayu Resources，China University of section in Laiyuan City, Hebei province is Geosciences，Beijing 100083，China comprised of three third-order sequences 2National Centre of Excellence in Geology, S15 i.e. DS1 in Changshan Formation, and University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, DS2 and DS3 in Fengshan Formation. The Pakistan variation tendency of sedimentary facies in 3Oil and Gas Survey，CGS，Beijing S17 DS1 and DS2 is analogous, having a 100083，China

generally shallowing upward trend of sedimentary facies ranging from the The formation mechanism of ooids is mudstone of shelf marls to micrite of worthy of attention as ancient limestones S18 shallow ramp facies and therefore, composed of these distinct grains store constituting a third-order depositional large volumes of hydrocarbons. The sequence of the drowning-unconformity Cambrian Series 3 in Kouquan section of S19 type. Two beds of the massive limestone of Yuxian City, Hebei Province, North China shallow ramp facies developed in the Platform is made up of Xuzhuang, Furongian series in the study area. One, in Zhangxia and Gushan formations, which S20 the upper part of Changshan Formation, from the middle to the upper parts while the other, in the first third-order comprise grainstone of the oolitic-grain

sequence of Fengshan Formation. These bank facies. While obvious in the thin beds contain multiple dome-shaped sections from the carbonate rock samples, S21 carbonate structures within their standard microfacies analysis showed well- distribution, appearing like a string of developed ooids, implicating microbial

61 biofilms in their formation. Incompletely- comprised of one third-order carbonate developed ooid grains, similar to the ones depositional sequence DS1 of the morphologically described as distorted drowning-unconformity type, with a ooids or pseudooids, which are widespread variation tendency of sedimentary facies in the oolitic limestone of Xuzhuang characterized by a generally shallowing Formation, indicate that microbial biofilms upward succession, ranging from the were involved in the formation process. mudstone of shelf marls to massive micrites Cortices of cerebroid ooids within the of shallow ramp facies. The massive limestone of Zhangxia Formation show limestone of deep ramp facies in the strong association with the calcification of middle part of the formation contains microbial mats, and therefore, represent multiple dome-shaped structures made up the precursor of radial ooids that were of cyanobacteria dominated dense widespread in the Cambrian oolitic undifferentiated microbial boundstones, limestone in North China Platform. These which can be described as leiolitic phenomena show that the microbial bioherms. Microscopic-scale analysis of processes contribute directly or indirectly in these bioherms reveals Epiphyton, forming ooids, which come from the Girvanella and Renalcis, the recognizable limestone of oolitic-grain bank facies in the skeletal calcimicrobes having good early Palaeozoic, as well as provide a new potential for preservation. These calcified dimension for insight into the intricate microorganisms contribute towards a formation mechanism of these glamorous variety of textures and fabrics preserved in carbonate-coated grains in the ancient the microbialitic bioherm, and define the stratum. first episode of “cyanobacteria calcification event” in the Cambrian time. The current Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper research provides a reasonable Cambrian Changshan Formation in understanding of the marine depositional Datong, Shanxi, north China platform with settings significant for developing leiolitic special emphasis on the cyanobacteria bioherm, where the calcimicrobes signatures from the leiolitic bioherm embedded in the ground mass of micrite and microspar give rise to microbial Khalid LATIF1,2, Enzhao XIAO1, Muhammad buildups in North China Platform. RIAZ1, Long WANG1 Coastal geochemical acidic discharge 1School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of causes shell dissolution in marine Geosciences, Beijing 100083, gastropods: A potential biomonitoring tool China 2National Centre of Excellence in David J. Marshall1, Azmi Geology, University of Peshawar, Aminuddin1, Nurshahida Atiqah Hj 25130, Pakistan Mustapha1, Liyanage Chandratilak De Silva2, Dennis Ting Teck Wah1 The microbial buildups are studied for their sedimentary features in stratigraphic 1Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei relationship to the surrounding lithofacies Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, to determine the depositional environments Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 2 suitable for microbialite development. This Faculty of Integrated Technology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, study examines the sequence stratigraphy, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei and occurrence and distribution of Darussalam microbial fabrics in the Upper Cambrian Changshan Formation exposed in The significance of pH in marine Kouquan section of Datong city in the ecosystems has come to the fore with the North China Platform. The formation is realization that anthropogenic CO2

62

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

emissions can radically alter the chemistry of the oceans. However acidification of coastal marine environments can derive from several different sources, including discharge from pyrite-rich (FeS2) soils. Acid sulphate soils (ASS) are pervasive in Brunei, and are known to significantly lower the estuarine and marine water pH. Here we investigated the link between predicted acidic outflows in the open coastal system and attributes of common gastropod inhabitant species, in particular shell and tissue masses and shell dissolution. Allometric relationships were computed to correct for sample size differences. These showed that shell mass did not vary between predicted low and high pH sites, whereas surficial dissolution was far more sensitive to pH change. Tissue mass correlated with anticipated pH exposure, presumably relating to the overall energetics of individual organisms. We conclude that gastropod shell dissolution potentially provides a cost-effective biomonitor tool to capture accumulative pH change at the spatial scale of the organism. This could be very useful considering that coastal discharges are highly spatially and temporally variable, and monitoring their impacts using conventional protocols and instruments is logistically difficult and financially prohibitive.

63

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Traces of past microorganisms activity in stalactites from the Perama Cave, Ioannina, NW Greece

1 1 Elena Ifandi , Alkmini Tzoumaka , Basilios Tsikouras2, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou1

1 University of , Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, GR- 265 00 Patras, Greece 2 Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Science, Physical & Geological Sciences, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

Structures related to fossilised microorganisms are infrequent in spoeleothems but it has been suggested that the first play an important role in the development of the latter. Therefore, study of mineral-microorganisms interactions are of great interest. In this study, we show evidence for the activity of microorganisms during the growth of several stalactites, in the aphotic zone in the Perama Cave. Various structures indicating such an activity were observed in stalactites, which were identified with the aid of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), using the Secondary Electron Image (SEI) mode. More specifically, some of the main fabrics that have been identified are: reticulate filaments, smooth, round microorganism, blocky calcite crystals with deep etched zones, microbial mat covering the columnar calcite faces and surface coating of loose micrite and minimicrite grains. Fossilisation of these microorganisms resulted in partial obliteration of the original fabrics and moreover prevented us to identify the exact species. However, their traces on the stalactite fabrics are unlike any known inorganic formation. Future interdisciplinary research is required to better clarify the species and to unravel the details of the influence of microorganisms to the development of inorganic matter.

64

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 respectively. These magnetic suscep6bility Session 08: Palaeo-, values correspond to the Ni content of the Rock and samples. These results infer that magnetic S03 properties can be used as proxy indicators Environmental for Ni content in Ni hyperaccumulators or as inexpensive methods to identify new Magnetism hyperaccumulators. S04 Chairpersons: La Ode Ngkoimani & Eleonora Agustine Magnetic susceptibility investigation in laterite sediment on ultramafic complex of S06 southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

ORAL PRESENTATION La Ode Ngkoimani1, La Ode Safiudin2, Ramlia Ahmad1, Suryawan Asfar3, Andi S07 Wednesday 15 November 2017 Makkawaru4

Magnetic characterizations of nickel 1Natural Magnetism Laboratory, Faculty of hyperaccumulating plants from ultramafic Earth Sciences and Technology, Halu Oleo S08 region, Halmahera Island, Indonesia Universitas, Indonesia 2Postgraduate Physics Program, Halu Oleo Abdul Mujahid Hamdan1, Satria University, Indonesia 3 Bijaksana1, Aiyen Tjoa1, Darharta Dahrin1 Geology & Mining Laboratory, Faculty of S09 Earth Sciences and Technology, Halu Oleo 1Institut Teknologi Bandung Universitas , Indonesia 4Energy and Natural Resources Services, Nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators are plants Southeast Province Government, Indonesia S10 that could accumulate high concentration Magnetic susceptibility measurements have of Ni in the tissues. These plants are been carried out within the Southeast prospective not only for environmental Sulawesi laterite sediment. The result has S14 remediation but also for Ni mining in the shown that low field magnetic susceptibility process termed phytomining. The (χLF) within the laterite sediment varies identification of new Ni hyperaccumulator between 4,421 x 10-6 to 26,906 x 10-6 S15 species as well as the characterization of m3/kg. while χFD values ranged from known species are important. This study is 0.2% to 5%. the increase of χLF and χFD aimed to characterized two species of Ni value is related to the increase of hyperaccumulator, i.e., Rinorea S17 percentage of element content of Fe, Al, bengalensis and Planchonella oxyhedra Cr, Zn, P and Mn. otherwise χLF and χFD that grown naturally in the ultramafic values tend to enclose along with the region of Halmahera Island, Indonesia. increase percentage of element content S18 Leave samples from these two species were values of Ni, Mg and Si. The differences in subjected to magnetic suscep6bility the pattern of χLF and χFD values change measurement as well as to frequency- over the abundance of certain elements in dependent magnetic susceptibility. These S19 the laterite soil are thought to be related to magnetic measurements were the mineral form factors in laterite soils that supplemented by SEM-EDAX (Scanning are the result of weathering of ultramafic Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X- S20 rocks. Ray Spectroscopy), AAS (Atomic Absorp6on Spectroscopy), XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) Magnetic properties and mineralogy of and XRD (X-Ray Diffractions) analyses. The sedimentary rocks in a karst area, Pacitan S21 magnetic susceptibility of both species City, east Java, Indonesia varies from 23 and 156 (x 10-8 kgm-3) for

P. oxyhedra and R. Bengalensis

65

Ayi Syaeful Bahri1, Mariyanto1, Widya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang Utama1, Amien Widodo1 45363 2Department of Biology, Faculty of 1Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Civil Environmental and Earth Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Engineering, Department of Geophysical Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang Engineering, Jalan Arief Rahman Hakim, 45363) , Indonesia Compost from various organic materials is Pacitan is one of the cities in Indonesia often used to fertilize soil. Combining which is dominated by karst. In this city compost and soil could also restore soil there are many caves and the rivers that quality since soil structure and texture can appear on the surface are lost and cut off be improved. In this research, we have into the ground. Studies on the magnetic studied magnetic and electrical properties properties and mineralogy of sedimentary of compost derived from different type of rocks in karst areas are still rare in organic materials which are tree leaves Indonesia. Rock magnetic methods have and food wastes. We measured magnetic been used widely in environmental studies susceptibility in dual frequency and as they are useful among others in electrical conductivity (EC). As comparison, inferring heavy metal pollution, we also identified magnetic susceptibility palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and and EC of volcanic soil. Tree leaves- climate change. This study aims to derived compost has magnetic characterize the magnetic properties and susceptibility at low frequency (χLF) ranging mineralogy of sedimentary rocks in karst from 607.7-733.3 (×10-8 m3/kg). The χLF area and correlate these characters to the value of compost from food wastes shows process of karst formation in Pacitan, East lower values than those of tree leaves Java, Indonesia. Samples of sedimentary compost. The relative difference of rocks were taken around the caves then magnetic susceptibility measured at two measured through a series of magnetic frequencies or χFD(%) varies from 5.21% - measurements (magnetic susceptibility and 6.03% and 2.13% - 3.44% for tree leaves hysteresis parameters) and X-Ray compost and food wastes compost, Diffraction (XRD). From measurement of respectively. Volcanic soil has magnetic hysteresis parameters using Vibrating susceptibility of 1100-1400 (×10-8m3/kg) Sample Magnetometer (VSM), we can and χFD(%) of 0.15%- 1.82%. According to determine the domain of the magnetic χLF value, it inferred that volcanic soil and grains (Single Domain, Pseudo-Single compost contain ferrimagnetic minerals as Domain or Multi Domain) contained in the predominant magnetic mineral. The EC rock samples. We also know the mineral value ranged from 4.3 to 6.6 dS/m for tree contents of the rock samples using analysis leaves compost, food wastes compost has of XRD. Results of the measurements and EC values of 3.3 – 4 dS/m, whereas the EC analysis will be presented. of volcanic soil is 1.9-2.3 dS/m.

Comparing magnetic and electrical Magnetic tale of sediments from two properties of volcanic soil and compost tectonic lakes in Sulawesi derived from organic materials Dini Fitriani1, Widawati1, Eleonora Satria Bijaksana1, Gerald Tamuntuan2, Agustine1, Kartika Hajar Kirana1, Joko John King3, James Russell4, Silvia Jannatul Kusmoro2 Fajar1, Kartika Hajar Kirana1

1 Department of Geophysics, Faculty of 1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung 40132, Indonesia

66

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

2Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Adi Susilo1, Sunaryo1 Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia 1Geophysics Engineering, Physics 3Graduate School of Oceanography, Department, Sciences Faculty, University of University of RI, NarraganseU 02882-1197, Brawijaya , Indonesia USA 4Department of Earth, Environmental and Magnetic research has been carried out on Planetary Sciences, Brown University, the Sidoarjo (LUSI = Lumpur Providence 02912, USA Sidoarjo), Sidoarjo District, East Java, Indonesia. This mud volcano has a Magnetic minerals are proven indicators of large impact, both on the surface, environmental change, but can be affected environmentally and on subsurface by a diverse array of processes including conditions. Studies and evaluations on biogeochemical cycling in lakes and their environmental impacts have been largely sediments. To investigate the controls of undertaken through various disciplines; on environmental magnetism in lakes, we social, economic, and environmental compared the mineral magnetic behaviour aspects. However, investigation and of sediments from two tectonic lakes in evaluation on the impact of subsurface Sulawesi, namely Lake Towuti and Lake structures is not widely known. The study Matano, located in the Eastern Sulawesi was conducted in the area around the Ophiolite belt, Indonesia. These are the source of mud volcano. More than three largest lakes in the Malili lake system: Lake hundred magnetic data were collected in Towuti is 561 km2 in size with maximum the area of about 5 km x 5 km. Field depth of 203m, while Lake Matano is 164 measurement value data is called total km2 in size with maximum depth of 590 magnetic field anomalous, which is in the m. Two cores namely MAT10-2B (from range from 43,700 to 46,500 nano Tesla Lake Matano, 9.07 m in length) and (nT). There are at least two kinds of TOW10-9B (from Lake Towuti, 11.50 m in magnetic data processing, which are daily length) were subjected to rock magnetic correction and IGRF Correction analysis to test the possible environmental (International Geomagnetic Reference Field and sedimentary processes that control the Correction). When both corrections were magnetic properties of their sediment. applied, the final value is called residual Despite their differences in size and in anomalous. After all corrections were depth, the results show that these two cores undertaken, the results of residual have three distinct magnetic zones that are anomalious were between -160 nT and similar in their age and magnetic 120 nT. Qualitative interpretation, based properties. In both cases, the magnetic on closure dipole anomaly (positive and properties of the sediment differ from the negative) and zero crossing of residual magnetic properties of the soils, suggesting anomaly iso-intensity, indicates that the that despite the large differences in depth presence of local dipole zone of residual of Lakes Towuti and Matano they anomaly was at the center area of mud experienced similar limnological changes volcano (LUSI), which has a diameter of through time. Diagenesis in the form of about 1km. The conduit is likely circular. magnetite precipitation and/or magnetite Quantitative modeling/interpretation was dissolution is likely the major process in the performed by connecting a pair of dipoles formation of magnetic minerals in these closure (magnetic is a dipole, while gravity two lakes. is monopole). This was conducted by Investigation of the impact of Sidoarjo mud taking line from maximum (high intensity) vulcano (“Lusi”) on the subsurface based and minimum (low intensity) closure. This is on magnetic data at Sidoarjo district, called as AA' cross section. It is obtained Indonesia that the magnetic anomaly source

67 dimension (body) has a contrast value for susceptibility and IRM saturation curves. the first body is -0.005 unit. This first body The vertical lava variation, meanwhile, is is between 100 m and 1340 m from the represented by frequency-dependent surface in one place, and the second body magnetic susceptibility and magnetic which has contrast value of about 0.008, hysteresis parameters. was between 407 m and 1526 m from the surface. This second body was located in another place. From the both of the results above, it indicated that there is connection between two bodies, and when viewed on a geological map, there is an indication of fault line in this area.

Characterization of lava through whole- rock geochemistry and rock magnetism analysis at Volcanic Complex, Banyuwangi, east Java, Indonesia Aditya Pratama1, Satria Bijaksana1, Mirzam Abdurrachman2

1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Lava in general has complex geochemical characteristics based on differences in eruption sources, eruption events, and emplacement of its flow. Identification of lava characteristics is useful in understanding the geological conditions of volcanic region. Recently as complement to geochemical methods, rock magnetic methods have also been employed to characterize lava. To explore the potential uses of rock magnetic methods in lava characterization, series of magnetic measurements were carried out in lava samples from 13 locations in Ijen Volcanic Complex (Banyuwangi, East Java). These locations were grouped in 3 eruption centres. The magnetic measurements include frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility, thermomagnetic, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), and hysteresis curve analyses. These measurements were also supplemented by XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) and petrographic analyses. The lateral lava variation is well represented by low frequency magnetic

68

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Friday 17 November 2017 Sunaryo1, Adi Susilo1

1 Correlation analysis of anisotropy of Geophysics Engineering, Physics Department, Sciences Faculty, University of magnetic susceptibility and porosity from Brawijaya Malang, Indonesia μCT imaging in igneous rock from Ijen Volcanic Complex, east Java, Indonesia Research on the Sidoarjo mud flow to get subsurface structure using a 1 Fadhli Ramadhana Atarita , Reyhan Fariz magnetotelluric method has been carried 1 1 Taqwantara , Satria Bijaksana , Aditya out. The Sidoarjo mud (commonly called 1 1 Pratama , Fourier Dzar Eljabbar Latief LUSI) flow has been ongoing since May 29, 2006 which had a large impact on the 1Institut Teknologi Bandung environment and subsurface conditions. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) Studies and evaluation on environmental has been used in various studies related to impacts related to social, economic, and the interpretation of lava flow direction. environmental quality aspects have been Some previous studies showed there is an widely implemented. However, studies and ambiguity regarding the interpretation of evaluation on the impact of subsurface lava flow direction using AMS data. To structures have not yet been implemented. solve this problem, we proposed a new Based on this case, the study on the impact parameter that can be used to determine of subsurface structures has been lava flow direction. In this study, we used conducted by using magnetotelluric rock porosity images to support the method. This study was conducted in an interpretation of lava flow direction using LUSI which located at coordinates AMS data. Porosity image can be used to 112.705E; 7.541S and 112.729E; 7.518S. determine lava flow direction by observing Twenty data were obtained on the grids the direction of the long-axis of the pore with the distance between grids about inside rocks. The images are generated 500m. Data acquisition was performed using microcomputed tomography (μCT) using 3 frequencies: 128Hz, 4000Hz, and method. The rocks used in this study are 6000Hz. An analysis and data processing lava flow type igneous rocks from Ijen was carried out in order to determine the Volcanic Complex, East Java, Indonesia. relationship between frequency and phase, These rocks have similar characteristic, with and frequency and amplification. The differences only in porosity presentation resistivity was also determined and found and size of opaque minerals. Magnetic to be in the range of 0-256Ωm with depth susceptibility measurements were to bottom is 4500m. Based on the performed using Bartington Susceptibility distribution of resistivity values it is Meter MS2 instrument, meanwhile porosity suggested that there is a structural imaging using μCT method was performed alignment in a northeast-southwest using Micro – CT Scanning Devices – orientation. Furthermore, the subsurface SkyScan 1173 instrument. The correlation structure of the Sidoarjo mud flow zone can between AMS and porosity is examined be divided into a three type of rocks as from the inferred lava flow direction from arganizers of the lithology structure of these parameters. This study shows a LUSI location, i.e. an upper from surface positive correlation between AMS and to 1000 m (with resistivity value <100 Ωm) porosity in 5 out of 6 rocks that were depth is alluvium rocks, a central section studied. from at depth of 1000m to 3500m (with resistivity value 100-250Ωm) represented Identification of Sidoarjo mud (Lusi) flow by sandstone and mudstone ,and the subsurface structure using magnetotelluric bottom at depth of >3500m (with resistivity method value >250Ωm) representing volcanic

69 rocks, possibly basalt. The results also used to identify magnetic minerals, suggest the presence of a conduit-like confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and structure with the direction perpendicullar scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based downward until 1000m, but at depth on that analysis, magnetic minerals such as between 1000m and 2750m which turns Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) and or Iron Titanium southeast ward relatively, and after 2750m Oxide in guano from Bau-bau caves were with the direction perpendicullar downward found. Identified peaks of magnetic again. susceptibility triggered by magnetic minerals in the caves were interpreted as The magnetic properties of volcanic ashes environmental change events that ranged in guano deposited from caves in east from ~15–5 cal kyr BP. We found that Kalimantan, Indonesia peaks in magnetic susceptibility were closely related volcanic eruptions that Hamdi Rifai1, Erni2, Christopher M. occurred in Indonesia. However, the Wurster3 potential of guano deposits to record 1Physics Department, Universitas Negeri volcanic events should be further Padang, Jl, Prof. DR. HAMKA, Padang, investigated. Sumatera Barat 25132, Indonesia 2Physics Department, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Palembang-Prabumulih, Indralaya, Sumatera Selatan 30662, Indonesia 3School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia

Indonesia consists of many guano caves distributed on islands such as Sumatra Java, Sulawesi and Borneo. Here, the magnetic properties of guano that contain transported from the environment should be unique relative to guano sediments, and has the potential to record individual events. However, the production of long palaeoeruption records from guano deposits is still a major challenge. Fresh guano does not contain magnetic minerals, and any magnetic minerals in guano sediment were thus transported into the cave. Changes in the distribution and properties of magnetic material through a deposit are likely a proxy of environmental change, most particularly that of volcanic eruptions. This study aims to test the hypothesis that volcanic eruption events are recorded in guano deposit via variations of magnetic properties. We looked at guano from Bau- bau cave East Kalimantan profiles. The concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic susceptibility was measured every 5 cm for each profile. Magnetic properties such as type, grain and domain size were

70

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Saturday 18 November 2017 supported by the SEM and other non- magnetic analyses. Identifying lithogenic and anthropogenic magnetic components in the river Scanning electron microscopy and sediments leading to Lake Limboto, magnetic characterization of magnetic Gorontalo, Indonesia minerals suspended sediments from Citarum River, west Java, Indonesia Raghel Yunginger, Satria Bijaksana, 1 1 Darharta Dahrin, Siti Zulaikah, Abd. Sudarningsih , Satria Bijaksana , 1 1 Hafidz, Sudarningsih, Kartika Hajar Kirana, Wododo , Irwan Iskandar , Silvia Jannatul 1 1 1 Silvia Jannatul Fajar Fajar , Kartika Hajar Kirana , Abd Hafidz , Raghel Yunginger1 1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum 1 Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung, Indonesia Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Malang Citarum River in West Java is one of the University, Malang, Indonesia vital rivers in Indonesia supporting three major dams as well as providing water, not Lake Limboto in Gorontalo, North Sulawesi only to the capital region, but also to major is one of the major lakes in Indonesia that rice producing regions in Java. Earlier is undergoing rapid environmental studies show that the magnetic properties changes leading to its current critical in the suspended sediment from the condition. One of the major problems is its relatively pristine upstream area of Citarum rapid sedimentation brought by several River are stronger than that from the rivers that empty into coming from streams polluted downstream area. In this study, and rivers that empty into this lake. As the lithogenic and anthropogenic these rivers passed through agricultural components of magnetic minerals taken and residential areas, some of the from the suspended sediments were sediments are anthropogenic rather than studied. Samples were subjected not only lithogenic. In this study, sediments from to magnetic analyses such as magnetic upstream and downstream of three rivers hysteresis measurement but also to AAS (Alo, Bionga, and Talumelito) that empty (atomic absorption spectrometer), SEM into Lake Limboto were studied to identify (scanning electron microscopy), and XRD their lithogenic and anthropogenic (X-ray Diffraction) as well as ICP-OES components by characterizing their (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical magnetic properties. The study includes Emission Spectrophotometer) analyses. The magnetic analyses, such as measurement results show that main magnetic mineral is of magnetic susceptibilities and low coercivity ferromagnetic minerals, such measurement of magnetic hysteresis. These as magnetite. The shapes as well as the measurements were supplemented by AAS compositions of these magnetic minerals (atomic absorption spectrometer), SEM were also found to be unique so that (scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray lithogenic component could be identified Diffraction) as well as ICP-OES (Inductively readily from that of anthropogenic Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission component. This finding supports the Spectrophotometer) analyses. The results prospect of using magnetic methods as show that there clear are differences in the (proxy) indicators river pollution. magnetic signatures of lithogenic

compared to that of anthropogenic components. Such differences are also

71

Distribution of magnetic minerals in the to the other locations. These findings surface sediments and the configuration of indicate that the distribution of magnetic riverine system in Lake Towuti, Sulawesi, susceptibility values is associated with Indonesia detrital influx of the lake. When compared with the magnetic properties of lateritic 1 1 Silvia Jannatul Fajar , Satria Bijaksana , soils from the surrounding area, the 1 2 Kartika Hajar Kirana , James Russell , magnetic properties of the sediments tend 3 4 Hendrik Vogel , Martin Melles to be similar suggesting that the majority of magnetic minerals in the sediments were 1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, originated from the soils which were then Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung, 40132, transported into the lake as product of soil Indonesia erosion. Differentiation of magnetic 2Department of Earth, Environmental and contents as well as grain sizes was likely to Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 324 be controlled by the configuration of Brook St. BOX 1846, Providence, RI 02912, riverine systems around the lake that in USA turn depends on the topography and 3Institute of Geological Sciences, & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change hydrology. Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Magnetic properties of lateritic soils around 4Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Lake Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 1 50674 Cologne, Germany Kartika Hajar Kirana , Silvia Jannatul Fajar1, Abd Hafidz1, Satria Bijaksana1, La Lake Towuti is the largest tectonic lake in Ode Ngkoimani2 Indonesia with surface area of 561 km2 surrounded by ultrabasic rocks which is a 1Faculty of Mining and Petroleum part of the Eastern Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt. Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Eighty four samples of surface sediment Jalan Ganesa 10 Bandung, Indonesia 2Faculty of Earth Science and Mineral were collected in 2015 using a sediment Technology, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari grabber to identify the pattern of magnetic 93231, Indonesia mineral distribution in this lake. The samples were then subjected to a series of Lacustrine sediment is strongly influenced magnetic measurements that include by detrital influx. One of the sources of measurement of mass-specific magnetic detrital influx entering Lake Towuti in South susceptibility, frequency-dependent Sulawesi Indonesia is the lateritic soil magnetic susceptibility, ARM (anhysteretic around the lake. In this study, six samples remanent magnetization), IRM (isothermal of laterite soil from two different soil remanent magnetization), and magnetic outcrops were studied for their magnetic viscosity. The results show that the characteristics. The outcrops are located in predominant magnetic mineral is pseudo- the pathways of soil erosion towards the single domain magnetite. High magnetic lake. The samples were subjected magnetic susceptibility values of up to 534.3 × 10-8 measurements as well as SEM (scanning m3kg-1 were found in places where the electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray rivers enter the lake while the sediments in diffraction), and XRF (X-ray fluorescence) the centre of the lake tend to have lower analyses. The results show that the values of magnetic susceptibility (lower magnetic susceptibility values are high and than 100.0 × 10-8 m3kg-1). Distribution vary with depth. The magnetic susceptibility of frequency-dependent magnetic is also affected by superparamagnetic (SP) susceptibility values infer that the finer grains. XRF analyses show that the Fe superparamagnetic grains tend to be content in the samples is high. XRD and higher in the centre of the lake compared SEM analyses indicate that magnetite is the

72

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

predominant magnetic mineral in the samples. Such highly magnetic soil may seriously affect the magnetic characteristics of sediment in Lake Towuti.

73

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Magnetic properties of natural iron sand in Sarmi Octolia Togibasa1, Satria Bijaksana2, Gesti Cita Novala2

1Department of Physics, Universitas Cenderawasih, , 99358, Indonesia 2Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 50132, Indonesia

Indonesia, a geologically unique country, is well known possess a large deposit of natural iron sand. Higher concentrations were found in West Sumatera, Southern Java and Northern Papua, specifically in the vicinity of Sarmi . To the author's knowledge, the iron sand originated from Sarmi, Papua have never been studied. In this study, we investigated detail magnetic characterization of natural iron sand from the Sarmi coast area, to explore the possible utilizations of iron sand. Our previous study has revealed that iron sands were highly deposited from Tor River estuary, in Sarmi coast area. These iron sands was having mass-specific magnetic susceptibility values vary approximately from 1.9 to 2.7 × 10-4 m3/kg, while the particle size values vary from 150 to 200 um. The magnetic properties will be delivered from the vibrating sample magnetometer measurement. Furthermore, the mineral compositions and the crystallographic structure were also will be discussed.

74

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 vulnerability map has been produced Session 09: highlighting the different degrees of Hydrogeology, intrinsic vulnerability in the karst system of S03 Ziria. Hydrology and Effect of groundwater salinity on the Water Resources compressibility of Semarang-Demak S04 Chairpersons: Stefan Gӧdeke & aquitard

Langping Wu Dwi Sarah1, Lambok M. Hutasoit1, Robert M. Delinom2, Imam A. Sadisun1, Taufiq S06 Wirabuana3 ORAL PRESENTATION 1Department of Geological Engineering, S07 Friday 17 November 2017 Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung

Vulnerability maps: a useful tool for karst 40132, Indonesia 2 groundwater protection: The case study of Research Center for Geotechnology, S08 Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Ziria karst system, south Greece Bandung 40135, Indonesia 3Center for Groundwater Resource and Eleni Zagana1, Eleni-Anna Nanou1 Environmental Geology, Geological Agency, Bandung 40122, Indonesia S09 1University of Patras, School of Natural Science, Department of Geology, Rion, Large cities in the Northern Java are mostly 26500 Patras, Greece located in the coastal areas, like Jakarta, S10 In the last years vulnerability maps have Semarang and Surabaya. The North coast been used as a tool to highlight the areas of Java is composed of underconsolidated with the greatest potential for groundwater and compressible Quaternary alluvial S14 pollution based on the hydrogeological sediment, hence susceptible to land conditions and the respective human subsidence. The groundwater quality in the

impacts. Several regions of Greece depend coastal area ranges from fresh to saline. completely or partially on drinking water The high rate of land subsidence in the S15 from karst aquifers, thus the production of coastal cities like Jakarta and Semarang vulnerability maps for such karstic areas is raises a question whether the groundwater considered essential. In the present study, quality affects the compressibility of the S17 an assessment of aquifer intrinsic aquitard layer. This paper aims to analyze vulnerability has been conducted applying the effect of groundwater salinity on the the COP method in the Ziria karst system. compression characteristics of Semarang- The latter is located at the Northeast part of Demak clay. Salinity of the groundwater S18 Peloponnese in South Greece and is used was determined and clay consolidation as a public resource for drinking water. tests were carried out at various salinity This method, which has been developed condition. Clay mineralogy and fabric S19 for carbonate aquifers, uses the properties analyses were also performed separately. of the overlying layers above the water The results showed that saline clay has table (O factor), the concentration of flow higher compressibility, consolidation rate S20 (C factor) and the precipitation regime (P and hydraulic conductivity. The clay fabric factor) over the aquifer. The COP method analysis revealed that saline clay particles

considers karstic landforms as factors have parallel alignment that facilitates which decrease the natural protection faster dissipation of pore water as S21 provided by the overlying layers of a karst compared with the flocculated alignment of aquifer. With the use of GIS tools the the fresh water clay.

75

Seasonal trace elements concentration in management policies may help in further domestic groundwater wells in parts of developing the available groundwater Kelantan, Malaysia resources for agriculture and other domestic purposes. Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan1, Kishan Raj Pillai A/l Mathialagan1, Hafzan Eva Bt Mansor1, Nor Shahida Bt Shafiee1

1Department of Geoscience, Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Campus Jeli, Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

Groundwater is one of the main sources of fresh water supply in northern Kelantan region. Groundwater demand for agricultural usage has also shown a steady increase in the region. Return flow from agriculture and domestic water use have the potential for groundwater contamination. The purpose of the present study was to assess the degree of trace element pollution and the suitability of groundwater for drinking. Trace element analysis for thirty-two groundwater and surface water samples were carried out. The groundwater samples were collected from shallow aquifers in the northern part of Kelantan state. A total 15 trace elements (As, Pb, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cr, B, Se, and Al) were analyzed. The samples were transported to the laboratory and analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). The study reveals that most of the analyzed samples contain low concentrations of trace elements. Majority of toxic elements are found to be in minute quantities and thus assumed to be harmless. The trace elements concentration from most wells are well below the permissible limit of WHO which points to the unpolluted source of water supply in the area and is thus suitable for drinking and other domestic purposes. Recommendations for the usage of groundwater must take into consideration, factors such as soil categories, type of crops, plantation management practices and proper drainage systems. Appropriate use of regulations and effective water

76

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Saturday 18 November 2017 and aluminium, and aluminium and pH. For chloride the correlation between Ground and surface water investigations in rainfall and turbidity was less significant. Brunei Darussalam The results indicate that strong rainfall events can lead to increased aluminium 1 1 Stefan Herwig Gӧdeke , Lee Hoon Lim , content in the river water as the aluminium 2 2 Nur Hakimah Mansor , Lim Sui Kau Alice gets washed out from the soil. The soils in this area consist of recent deposits of clay 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of and sand overlain by peat. The threshold Science, Department of Geology, Jalan analysis indicates that at a pH lower than Tungku Link, BE1410,Bandar Seri Begawan, 4.5, more aluminium is mobilized. These Brunei Darussalam low pH events thus have an important 2Department of Water Services, Public effect on the increase of aluminium in the Works Department, Ministry of river water. The moderate correlation Development, Bandar Seri Begawan, between turbidity and aluminium could BB3510, Brunei Darussalam indicate the importance of the colloidal Brunei relies almost exclusively (>99 %) on transport mechanism for aluminium. As a surface water for drinking water purposes. next step rainfall intensity will be utilized to This water is sourced from rivers as well as strengthen the statistical analysis of the water reservoirs away from urban centres. data. However, growth in population size and Chemistry and fluid mineral equilibria of industrialization as well as emerging warm thermal waters in the Los Banos and contaminants are putting more and more Calamba areas, Laguna, Philippines pressure on the importance of reliable

water resources. This project plans to Maria Ines Rosana Balangue-Tarriela1, investigate the water quality at selected Angelina Z. Pena1, Fernando P. Sringan2, water reservoirs in Brunei Darussalam as Karen Ann Jago-On3, Ronald Lloren3 well as to explore potable groundwater resources in Brunei Darussalam. 1 National Institute of Geological Sciences, Key water quality parameters for the College of Science, University of the monitoring of the raw water intake for Philippines, Diliman 1101, Quezon City, treatment consist of pH, turbidity, colour, Philippines and the presence of aluminium as well as 2Marine Science Institute, College of chloride ions. These water quality Science, University of the Philippines, parameters are measured twice daily. In Diliman 1101, Quezon City, Philippines this study, the daily water quality data of 3School of Urban and Rural Planning, river water obtained from the Bukit Layong University of the Philippines, Diliman 1101, and Bukit Barun areas of Brunei were Quezon City, Philippines analyzed over a three year period (2014 – 2016). Statistical analysis of the data was Water samples from 17 pumped hot performed and the geometric mean and springs pools and domestic wells in Los average on a monthly basis were Banos and Calamba areas were collected calculated and correlation with the average and analyzed. The thermal waters do not annual rainfall (1901 – 2015) were differ much in their chemistry but show performed. A threshold analysis was increase in some solutes (Na, K, Mg, Ca,

performed to determine the pH at which Cl, SO4, and Al) from Los Banos to

more aluminium becomes mobilized at Calamba hot springs. The Cl-SO4-HCO3 lower pH values. Generally the analysis and Na-K-Mg ternary diagrams, silica and shows a moderate correlation between cation geothermometers, mixing models, rainfall and turbidity, as well as rainfall and saturation index plots (using SOLVEQ

77

2013) and stable isotopes were used to Engineering, Shah Alam, Selangor, characterize the waters and estimate the Malaysia subsurface temperature. The results show Quantification of groundwater recharge is that most of the waters are in not in very important for effective groundwater equilibrium with the rock or are resource management in the Lower “immature” waters. The hot waters in the Kelantan River Basin (LKRB). The estimation study area can be classified as Na-K will help to determine the sustainable yield HCO -Cl. Cation geothermometers are not 3 of groundwater exploitation in which 90% applicable in such cases, while the quartz of the water supply in LKRB is from with no steam loss geothermometer is groundwater. In this study, various suggested as the most likely useful tool to techniques have been applied to estimate estimate subsurface temperatures of such the recharge rate such as Water Table systems. The quartz no steam loss Fluctua6on (WTF), Chloride Mass Balance geothermometer gives subsurface (CMB), Temperature-Depth Profile (TDP) temperature ranging from 134.4 to and Numerical Modelling (NM). The 163.8oC. Values for the chalcedony estimated recharge rates are compared geothermometer and the Na/K with total rainfall for the area. Recharge geothermometer values do not correspond obtained by WTF, CMB, TDP and NM with each other. Log Q/K plots from ranges from 10-18%, 16-37%, 2-13% and solution- mineral equilibrium studies 5-11% from the total rainfall, with an suggest the geothermal fluids from the two average value of 14%. The variation from hot spring areas are departure from overall the average value for all methods ranges equilibrium but some minerals such as between -3 to 23%. The variation of quartz, chalcedony, and calcite seem to recharge rate is subjected to the principle approach equilibrium with the solution. The of the recharge estimation techniques and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes were the representative data. WTF gives used to trace and determine the origin of reasonable recharge value and is in good the thermal waters. Thermal waters have agreement with the NM. The best value more negative deuterium values than cold should be based on the long term waters. All the waters are close to the local hydrological records and best represent the meteoric line, parallel to the world whole area. meteoric line, indicating that the hot and cold waters are of local meteoric origin, Introducing water quality assessment of with no apparent oxygen isotope ratio shift. Taman Tasik Medan Idaman based on This may indicate that aquifer temperatures inorganic solids are not high enough to cause significant shift, or that good permeability exists in the Nazia Hossain1,2, Labiba Mahmud2 reservoir. 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Assessment of multiple groundwater Integrated Technologies, Jalan Tungku Link, recharge estimation techniques for a BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam Quaternary aquifer in the lower Kelantan 2International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Faculty of Engineering, Department Ismail Yusoff1, Nur Hayati Hussin1, Wan of Biotechnology-Biochemical Engineering, 2 3 Zakaria Wan Muhd Tahir , May Raksmey Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 1University of Malaya, Department of Geology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia This study was conducted to assess the 2 Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, water quality of Malaysian lake, Taman Selangor, Malaysia Tasik Medan Idaman located beside 3University Technology MARA, Faculty of populated urban area in Gombak,

78

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Selangor. The main objective of this study 2International Islamic University Malaysia was to determine total suspended solid (IIUM), Faculty of Engineering, Department (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), volatile of Biotechnology-Biochemical Engineering, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, suspended solid (VSS), total phosphorus Malaysia (TP), total nitrogen (TN), copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). This study measured the water Water scarcity is a consistent crisis around quality and classified according to Interim summer season (April-July) in Gombak National Water Quality Standard (INWQS), area, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Drinking Malaysia for residential usages and and household water supply in Gombak is survival of aquatic species. TSS and VSS usually based on groundwater source. In were measured by conventional weighing summer season, the hot-dry climate and method, TDS by TDS meter, Cu, Zn, TP and the lack of rainfall in key catchment areas TN by atomic absorbance spectroscopy usually causes the escalation down of (AAS). The experimental result showed that groundwater level and results in water TSS was quite high, 60mg/L that was pumping system breaking off and this categorized under class III and classified as temporarily stops water supply. Offline polluted water based on water quality water treatment plants shutting down due index (WQI) Malaysia, which can be to ammonia contamination has also been utilized only for livestock drinking and a contributing factor in the water crisis. To tolerant with aquatic species existence. Cu resolve this water shortage issue, this study was measured as 0.02 mg/L grouped investigated an alternative surface water under IIA/IIB that can be used for supply source for Gombak region, the lake recreational purpose, body contact and Taman Tasik Medan Idaman. The objective sensitive aquatic species existence. Zn, TP, of this research was to analyze the physio- TN amount were 1.91mg/L, 0 mg/L, 0 chemical characteristics of the lake water mg/L, respectively that qualified for class I and determine the water standard for its (very clean) water. Moreover, TSS and VSS potability. This study measured the pH, amount were 165.9 mg/L and 720 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen respectively; TSS can be categorized as Demand(COD), Biological Oxygen

class I albeit VSS was recommended to Demand in 5 days(BOD5), and turbidity; minimize. Therefore, the experimental experimental results were 6.97, 18.6mg/L, results proved that this lake water can be 82mg/L, 43mg/L and 9.4 Nephelometric used for irrigation, animal husbandry and Turbidity Unit (NTU) respectively. pH level non-sensitive aquatic life with precaution proved to be within levels deemed safe to but cannot be implemented on domestic consume while other factors were required use. For such case, this study to undergo purification processes to attain recommended water purification processes standard ‘Class I’ according to Malaysian such as vacuum filtration to reduce TSS, EQA (Environmental Quality Act) 2009. TDS and VSS as well as adsorption process Furthermore, this study also investigated by activated carbon to lessen Cu and Zn. the purification approaches to improve the water quality. Alum flocculation to reduce Investigation of physio-chemical the turbidity level, addition of hydrogen characteristics of Taman Tasik Medan peroxide (H2O2) with ozone (O3) or by Idaman water, Malaysia H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation (UV) application to improve DO, COD, BOD Nazia Hossain1,2, Labiba Mahmud2 5 and to reach palatable water standard 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of ‘Class I’. Integrated Technologies, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam

79

water type. The relatively elevated Na POSTER PRESENTATIONS concentration in the Ca-Na-HCO3 type is mainly attributed to ion-exchange Interpretation of the factors defining processes, to the presence of evaporates groundwater quality of the site subjected to and in some cases seawater intrusion. the wildfire of 2007, in Elia prefecture, Nevertheless, the aforementioned south- concentrations were below the permissible Stavroula Dimitriadou1, Konstantina limits (Directive 98/83/EC). The statistical Katsanou1, Stavros Haralampopoulos1, analysis resulted in a four-factor model that Nikolaos Lamprakis1 represents the 75% of the initial-values information. The first factor associates the 1University of Patras, Department of groundwater-temperature to the presence Geology, Laboratory of Hydrogeology, Rio- of Li and B. In the literature, the presence Patras, GR 26504 of these elements, along with higher Tw The present study examines the factors that values, has been extensively associated define groundwater quality of the site with deep water circulation through tectonic subjected to the wildfire of 2007, in Elia structures, and thus longer residence time. Prefecture, SW Peloponnese, Greece, that The second factor expresses the relation of was the most severe wildfire in Greece for Fe and Mn to slightly acid water in the the last decades. This wildfire caused aquifers of and Pineia. The third deforestation, urban damages and human factor relates the increased concentrations losses. It also threatened the stadium in of Cr, U and As, to reducing conditions in Olympia where the , were the central part of the area which has agricultural, livestock, and urban land- held during the ancient times. Αn extensive uses. The third factor displays high sampling was carried out three months loadings mainly for redox potential. Eh after the fire. The 99 samples that were negative values indicate reducing collected, were analysed in the environments that are confirmed by Hydrogeology Laboratory of University of comparing the distribution maps of second Patras for major and trace elements, and third factor. There was no indication of immediately after the sampling. The wildfire’s impacts on groundwater of Elia. hydrochemical results were processed with R-type factor analysis and each factor was spatially distributed. The bedrock of Elia consists of formations of the Ionian zone, the Olonos-Pindos zone and the Gavrovo- Tripolis zone, which are overlain by Neogene and Quaternary deposits. Τhe Neogene formations host several aquifers. The most productive aquifers are those of Vounargon, Kalathas, and Lalas conglomerates. The study area is characterised by intense tectonic activity. The groundwater samples were classified into three hydrochemical types. The prevailing type is Ca-HCO3, which is evenly distributed over the study area, is typical of fresh water with efficient recharge. The dilution of the gypsum that is abundant in the Neogene formations of the area leads to samples of Ca-HCO3-SO4

80

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 lithostratigraphy and the relationship Session 10: between each lithofacies. It is based on the Continental vs. study of cores logging of the exploration S03 wells in the area and petrography of Oceanic selected samples. The sequences of deposits compose of centimeter-to-meter Lithosphere: scale interbeds of gypsum-anhydrite, S04 carbonate rocks and silicic-clastic beds with Processes and minor conglomerate and breccia beds. The Evolution beds of gypsum and anhydrite have S06 Chairpersons: Federicca prominent laminae of carbonate mud and clays which are the synsedimentary Zaccarini & Giorgio Garuti deposits. The original evaporite sedimentary structures of the beds might S07 have been obliterated by recrystallization of ORAL PRESENTATION gypsum and rehydration of anhydrite into secondary gypsum. The gypsum-anhydrite S08 Thursday 16 November 2017 associated with carbonate and mud rocks suggest that these beds form in a restricted Petrology, structure and alteration of basin, probably in shallow lagoon setting. calcium sulphate deposits in Late S09 The results of studies indicated that the LW Palaeozoic rocks of Wang Saphung area, sulphate deposits have passed through at Loei Province, Thailand least 4 stages of diagenesis; (1) at least the Nusara Surakotra1, Sarunya Promkotra1, largest portion of the deposits was S10 Punya Charusiri2, Ken-Ichiro Hisada3 originally precipitated as gypsum, (2) gypsum-to-anhydrite transformation 1Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of resulting from burial diagenesis. These S14 Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon alterations are indicated by the corrotopic Kaen, 40002, Thailand and felted anhydrite. (3) Rehydration of 2 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, anhydrite-to-gypsum, indicated by distorted S15 Bangkok, 10330, Thailand of gypsum rocks, which resulting from the 3 Graduate School of Life and increase of volume due to the rehydration

Environmental Sciences University of from anhydrite to gypsum, recrystallization Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City of anhydrite and/or primary gypsum to S17 Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan secondary gypsum (alabastrine, selenitic, The gypsum-anhydrite deposit at Loei- and gypsarenite secondary gypsum) (4) Wang Saphung area in northeast Thailand Uplift and re-expose of gypsum, indicated S18 presents only in boreholes with no outcrop by the karstification and dissolution cavities exposure. This is a small evaporite and gypasarenite veins. sediments deposit with is an up to 50 m The Ranau peridotite: Implications on the thick gypsum-anhydrite beds. The gypsum- S19 petrogenesis of subcontinental mantle in anhydrite deposits are overlain by cross- Sabah (east Malaysia) laminated and fine-grained sandstone

beds and algal boundstone of the Chee Hui Teo1, Rahmat Tarif1, Nur’Aqidah S20 Carboniferous to Permian rock units in the Norazme1, Thenmalar Wang Saphung area. This paper Rajoo2, Elena Ifandi3, Basilios Tsikouras1 documents some characteristics of the 1 S21 deposits, included; lithologies, texture and Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of structure of gypsum-anhydrite and Science, Physical and Geological Sciences, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410 Gadong, associated rocks in the exploration wells,

81

Brunei Darussalam 1Geology Research Group, Bandung 2Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Faculty of Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering, Indonesia Department of Geosciences, 32610 Seri 2Global Geophysics Group, Bandung Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, 3University of Patras, Department of Indonesia Geology, Sector of Earth Materials, 265 00 3Department of Geology, Sekolah Tinggi Patras, Greece Teknologi Mineral Indonesia, Bandung 40263, Indonesia Peridotites in the region of Sabah, Malaysia have not been extensively studied and are Violent eruption of Volcano generally reported as parts of an ophiolite located in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia has complex. However, the data presented in attracted earth scientists around the world this study, which have been collected from as one of the killer eruptions in human samples from multiple outcrops in the civilization. Although much data have been vicinity of Ranau suggest a different origin. reported, the interior of subducted slab and The Ranau peridotites are characterized by mantle structure beneath this volcano is the predominance of lherzolites, which poorly known. We combined geochemical exhibit distinct mineral textures and modal data, major, trace and rare earth elements composition, as well as mineralogical and with seismic tomogram to characterize the whole-rock compositions. Harzburgite is interior of subducted slab and mantle subordinate. Moderately rich in Cr spinels structure at the junction of Sumatra and with lobate boundaries suggest that the Java subduction systems (Krakatoa Volcano lherzolite has suffered a low degree of area). Geochemical data are suitable with partial melting. Nonetheless, extremely Al- previous studies of partial melting in rich spinel coexisting with Al-augite and subduction system and also show a good pargasite in the lherzolite strongly agreement with P-wave tomographic recommends its fertile character and its model. Whereas, the tomographic image subcontinental mantle origin. Local of S-wave suggests that subducted slab has symplectites of spinel and orthopyroxene been intruded by hot material of mantle. crystals, reminiscent of a garnet precursor, The presence of both partial melting and indicate decompression and are in line with mantle plume might be caused by the the above interpretation. Formation of subduction of tearing India Australian Plate olivine and clinopyroxene neoblasts along beneath Krakatau Volcano. with enrichments in certain incompatible Petrographic characteristics of the Jugan trace elements indicates the refertilized gold deposit, Sarawak, Malaysia from core nature of the Ranau lherzolites. samples Furthermore, sporadic diabases in tectonic relationship with the lherzolite provide Aubrey Marie R. Villareal - Tirona1, Ma. strong argument that they were exhumed Ines Rosana D. Balangue-Tarriela1 and exposed in ocean-continent transition zones. It is recommended that the Ranau 1 Institute of Geological Sciences, University peridotite comprises a subcontinental of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, mantle type peridotite similar to orogenic Philippines 1101 peridotite massifs in northern Lanzo and The Jugan Gold Deposit is one of the many Ronda. mineral deposits found in the northeast Geochemistry and seismic tomogram trending Bau Mineral District in Sarawak, beneath Krakatau volcano, Sunda Strait, East Malaysia. This paper presents results Indonesia from the petrography studies conducted on core samples to characterize the different Mirzam Abdurrachman1, Sri Widiyantoro2, lithologies of Pedawan Formation and Bambang Priadi1, Taufik Ismail3

82

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

alteration minerals, to differentiate the is suggested that the Au found within various occurrences of sulphide minerals diagenetic sulphides are of lesser value and to identify the characteristics of the Au compared to the hydrothermal sulphides. bearing sulphide minerals. Petrographic study of core samples in the Jugan deposit Platinum Group Minerals (PGM) in reveals that several sedimentary rocks such chromitites from Sulawesi Ophiolite Belt, as shale, siltstone, sandstone (greywacke) Indonesia: Their evolution from high to low and interbedded units host Jugan Gold temperatures Deposit. Alteration minerals present in Federica Zaccarini1, Arifudin Idrus2, Jugan include sulphide minerals, Giorgio Garuti1 carbonate (dolomite and ankerite), clay (illite and kaolinite) and silica. Sulphide 1Department of Applied Geosciences and minerals (mainly pyrite and arsenopyrite) Geophysics, University of Leoben, Peter were observed to occur with varying Tunner Str. 5, A-8700 Leoben, Austria 2 morphology, which suggest four origins for Department of Geological Engineering, the minerals. These are PY1 & APY1 Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Grafika 2 (detrital), PY2 & APY2 (diagenetic), PY3a & The occurrence of platinum group minerals APY3a (disseminated hydrothermal) and (PGM) in the Indonesian Archipelago has PY3b & APYb (stockworks hydrothermal). been previously reported only from Borneo. Hydrothermal sulphide minerals occur In this area, the PGM have been together with carbonate and silica discovered from placers deposits, which alteration and are highly associated with are considered to have derived from the high Au values. The hydrothermal fluid that erosion of ophiolitic chromitites, Alaskan- caused the emplacement of ankerite and type complexes and skarn deposits. Borneo dolomite veins in shale is inferred to be is also the type locality of two PGM, the similar to the carbonate cement in most rare vincentite, ideally (Pd,Pt)3(As,Sb,Te) sandstone/ greywacke because of the and the most common Ru-bearing mineral, similarities in their petrographic laurite, ideally (Ru,Os)S2. Chromite characteristics especially the morphology/ deposits occur in the ophiolite belt of the textures of the carbonate minerals. The South and Southeast Arms of Sulawesi, difference in the mode of deposition is Indonesia. The variation of the Cr# = attributed to the different characteristics Cr/(Cr + Fe3+) indicates that the chromite such as the permeability, porosity and composition varies from Cr-rich to Al-rich. mineral composition of each rock units. This bimodal composition and the slight Occurrence of silica is localized, meaning enrichment in TiO2 observed in some they are not observed in all samples. chromitites suggest a vertical zonation due However, once present it is rather intense to the fractionation of a single batch forming jasperoid/ chalcedony. Illite and magma with an initial boninitic kaolinite are late stage mineralization and composition during its ascent, in a supra- is not associated with any type of sulphide subduction zone. This observation implies minerals. Based on the characteristics of the accumulation of Cr-rich chromitites at the host rock, sulphide minerals and deep mantle levels and the formation of alteration minerals, it can be stated that the Al-rich chromitites close or above the Jugan Gold Deposit has undergone several Moho-transition zone. Small PGM, 1–10 geologic event that may have resulted in μm in size, have been found in both the the emplacement of two types of Au rich Cr-rich to Al-rich chromitites. The most sulphide mineralization. Au in the area is abundant PGM is laurite, which occurs postulated to be a result of both diagenetic included in fresh chromite or in contact and hydrothermal processes. In with chlorite along cracks in the chromite. conjunction with the Au fire assay result, it Laurite forms polygonal crystals, and it

83 occurs as single phase or in association arc during Eocene to Pliocene time that with amphibole, chlorite, Co-pentlandite had been followed by gradual changing of and apatite. Small blebs of irarsite (less K2O content (low to high). Whereas, the than 2 μm across) have been located relative reposed volcanism during Middle within awaruite and Co-pentlandite in the Miocene was resulted from collision chlorite gangue of the chromitites. Our between Indian-Australian Plate and mineralogical observation suggests that all Eurasian Plate margin in the eastern the laurites are magmatic in origin, i.e., Indonesia. New geodynamic evolution for entrapped as solid phases during the Java is presented. crystallization of the host chromite at temperature of about 1200 °C and a sulphur fugacity below the sulphur saturation. Irarsite possibly represents a low temperature, less than 400 °C, exsolution product. Geodynamic Evolution during Eocene to Recent and its implication for Volcanism and Magmatism in Java Mirzam Abdurrachman1, Dardji Noeradi1 1Department of Geology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

Volcanic activities in Java occur at least since Eocene time, the first activities took place from 40 Ma to 19-18 Ma. The second activities occurred between 12 Ma or 11 Ma to 2 Ma about ~50 km north of older arc and were overlaid by Quaternary volcanism of Sunda Arc. The movement of magmatic arc was followed by the changing of K O content. Although there 2 were some volcanism and magmatism during Middle Miocene, e.g., Pacitan, Cirotan, Pelabuhan Ratu, Kulon Progo, Wonosari, , Wayang volcano, Kulon Progo and Selogiri, the volcanism and magmatism during this period relatively decreased or reposed and they have been the subject of many investigations. It is also noteworthy that magmatism in South Sulawesi also terminated at 18 Ma and it was renewed at 12 Ma by post-subduction K-rich magmatism. Our study shows that the changing of subduction rate and arc development that caused northward advance of the subduction hinge are responsible to the movement of magmatic

84

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

structure. Moreover, intergranular and POSTER PRESENTATIONS poikilitic texture between plagioclase and hornblende phenocrysts are occasionally Petrographic characterization of volcanic found in some samples. On the other rocks from Mount Bijang, Laguna, hand, the volcanic glass groundmass Philippines showed a fabric variation, with flow Gildanel C. Belesario1, Denise Faye S. structure either as color banding or flow Janer1, Mark Angelo B. Somosa1, Cleodette layering. In some samples, fragmentation l. Lagata1, Maria Ines Rosana Balangue- in volcanic glass was also observed. These Tarriela1 initial observed variations of the volcanic rocks in Mt. Bijang most likely reflect 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, fluctuating physical and/or chemical states University of the Philippines-Diliman, during emplacement. More extensive Quezon City 1101, Philippines fieldwork to delineate the occurrence of the Mt. Makiling, situated in Macolod Corridor, different rock types and geochemical southwestern Luzon, is a stratovolcano analysis may be conducted to correlate the marked by a number of silicic volcanic bulk composition of the source magma domes. Five of these, namely Mt. Bijang, with the textural manifestation observed in Tanauan Hill, San Antonio, Olila, and the volcanic rocks to better understand the Bulalo, have been reported to contain eruption history of the Mt. Bijang dome. similar mineral assemblage and generally Petrology and geochemical analysis of occur as glassy and microlitic (Vogel et al., Bangui Volcanics and Bojeador Volcanics 2006). This study presents preliminary of Ilocos Norte, Philippines results on the petrography of the rocks found in the Mt. Bijang dome. From limited L.P. Olayta1,2, J.M. Nablo1,3, C.M. rock exposures of the dome, hand Tanpoco1, B.M. Flores1, C.R. Gibaga1,2, C. specimens showed variation in colour, Arcilla1,2,4 ranging from light to dark, and grain size. 1 Petrographic analysis confirmed similar National Institute of Geological Sciences, composition assemblage in samples University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines collected. Mt. Bijang rocks are all made up 2Earth Materials Sciences Laboratory, of plagioclase, hornblende, and National Institute of Geological Sciences, clinopyroxene phenocrysts set in a volcanic University of the Philippines Diliman, glass groundmass. Using the International Quezon City, Philippines Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) 3Earth Materials Laboratory, National classification of volcanic igneous rocks, Mt. Institute of Geological Sciences, University Bijang samples made up of less than 80% of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines volcanic glass were identified as andesite; 4Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, otherwise, it was identified as obsidian Quezon City, Philippines based on Shelley (1993). In terms of texture, petrographic assessment showed The study area, which covers most of Ilocos that all samples are vitrophyric, with Region found northwest of Luzon Island, average volume percent estimation of 25% Philippines, encompasses a major portion for phenocryst and 75% for volcanic glass. of Ilocos-Central Region Basin. Although Phenocrysts/groundmass ratio also varies numerous geologic researches have been from one sample to another. The conducted in the area, none have focused phenocrysts occur as fine to medium- on the Late Cretaceous Pillow Lavas of grained, with resorbed edges. Plagioclase Bangui Formation and Early Miocene grains occur both as mega and Volcanics of Bojeador Formation, let alone microphenocryst and exhibit trachytic on the aspect of their magmatic origins.

85

Twenty-five samples were obtained, initially oceanic basin and to elucidate the identified as basalts, andesites, and processes of the ocean opening. Detailed agglomerates. petrographic investigation showed that the Petrographical analysis was performed to diabase includes primary clinopyroxene, further supplement the identification of the orthopyroxene and plagioclase, showing samples. Samples were subjected to X-ray variable degrees of alteration. Whole-rock Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled geochemical analyses in these rocks show Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) major and trace element signatures similar analyses. The whole rock geochemical to the underlying gabbros and the analysis of the samples reflected rare earth overlying basalts. The sheeted dyke elements (REE) and high field strength complex shows considerable petrographic elements (HFSE) characteristics of magma and geochemical resemblance to the from a suprasubduction zone, related to sheeted dyke members of other, well- the subduction of Eurasian plate. known ophiolites, however, its size is much Furthermore, previous geochemical studies smaller than the later. Detailed study of the from nearby igneous complexes and petrological characteristic of this dyke volcanic flows suggest similar geochemical member will provide new insights in the imprint with the analyzed samples, evolution of the oceanic lithosphere in the suggesting a single parent melt. region of Sabah.

Preliminary results from a new occurrence Preliminary results on the geochemical of a sheeted dyke complex in the Ophiolite evolution of rodingites from Complex of Telupid (Sabah, Malaysia) Sabah (East Malaysia)

1 2 Nur’Aqidah Norazme , Thenmalar Rajoo , 1 2 1 Thenmalar Rajoo , Nur’Aqidah Norazme , Chee Hui Teo , Rahmat 2 Tarif1, Elena Ifandi3, Basilios Tsikouras1 Chee Hui Teo , Rahmat 2 3 2 Tarif , Elena Ifandi , Basilios Tsikouras 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Science, Physical and Geological Sciences, 1Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Faculty of Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410 Gadong, Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering, Brunei Darussalam Department of 2Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Faculty of Geosciences, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Geosciences & Petroleum Engineering, Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia Department of Geosciences, 32610 Seri 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia Science, Physical and Geological Sciences, 3University of Patras, Department of Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410 Gadong, Geology, Sector of Earth Materials, 265 00 Brunei Darussalam Patras, Greece 3University of Patras, Department of Geology, Sector of Earth Materials, 265 00 A new outcrop of a well exposed sheeted Patras, Greece dyke was discovered in the ophiolite of Telupid, close to the village of Tongod. The Rare rodingite dykes occur in variably outcrop is part of the dismembered Telupid serpentinised peridotites in the region of ophiolite and it comprises a dyke swarm Sabah, Malaysia. The rodingites occur as consisting of diabase and lesser basalt, as whitish rocks with a homogenous an indication of a slow spreading centre. appearance, including a variety of Ca-Al Structural measurements of the strike and and Ca-Mg silicate minerals, such as dip of the dykes revealed the existence of grossularitic garnet, chlorite, diopside, two orientations. These measurements prehnite and tremolite. They are were plot on a stereonet and were reset to nonpervasively altered and their the vertical position in an effort to mineralogical associations and reactions determine the spreading direction of the

86

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

enable us to unravel their petrogenetic relatively Si-poor melt. This is further evolution. Extensive petrographic study of corroborated by field observations and the their textural and mineralogical alignment of spinel grains in trails, parallel characteristics suggest that their potential to the foliation of the rocks. Although the protoliths include gabbroic and doleritic suggested reaction does not occur rocks. These lithologies, are their intrusion exclusively in continental mantle rocks, the in the ultramafic country rocks, were results of this research strongly indicate that metasomatised by fluids percolating the Beluran pyroxenites have a replacive through the adjacent serpentinised character are continental peridotites. peridotites. The geochemical exchanges and mass transfer between the rodingite An example of isocon analysis on protoliths and their surrounding formations rodingites from the Veria-Naousa ophiolite is studied with the aid of isocon analysis. A (north Greece) series of mineral reactions and a possible Nina Zaronikola1, Aikaterini Rogkala1, evolutionary path on a T-XCO2 diagram is 1 suggested using the TWQ software. The Petros Petrounias , Panagiota P. 1 2 evolution of the rodingites is investigated in Giannakopoulou , Basilios Tsikouras , 1 the geotectonic framework of the east Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou Borneo. 1University of Patras, School of Natural Science, Department of Geology, Rion, GR- Preliminary results on the petrogenetic 26504, Patras, Greece evolution and origin of beluran pyroxenites 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of (Sabah, east Malaysia) Science, Department of Geology, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Bandar Seri Rahmat Tarif1, Chee Hui Teo1, Elena Begawan, Brunei Darussalam 2 1 Ifandi , Basilios Tsikouras Dykes of rodingites occur in serpentinised lherzolite and harzburgite in the Veria- 1 Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Naousa ophiolite. Three groups of Science, Physical and Geological rodingites have been defined according to Sciences, Jalan Tungku Link, BE 1410 their different protoliths. Type I rodingites Gadong, Brunei Darussalam contain garnet + vesuvianite + diopside + 2University of Patras, Department of chlorite ± perovskite and are thought to Geology, Sector of Earth Materials, 265 00 derive from a gabbroic protolith. Type II Patras, Greece rodingites include garnet + diopside +

chlorite and have an ultramafic protolith The occurrence of pyroxenites near Beluran whereas type III rodingites contain garnet village, Sabah, is mainly associated with + vesuvianite + diopside + chlorite and lherzolites and minor harzburgites. have been derived from diabase. Isocon Petrographic observations indicate that plots are used to investigate and discuss they comprise variably serpentised the geochemical behaviour of certain orthopyroxenites. elements. Ti and Zr have remained Petrographic observations and immobile in type III rodingites whereas they geochemical evidence, involving a detailed were largely mobile in types I and II. Cr interpretation of rare earth elements (REE) and Ni were highly mobile; both elements and other immobile trace elements patterns escaped from type II and entered types I are in favour for a replacive origin during and III rodingites. Dissolution of spinel and melt percolation. It is suggested that olivine in the ultramafic precursors are evolution of these pyroxenites involves a considered the likely source of Cr and Ni melt-rock reaction between olivine and Si- amounts that were leached from type II rich melts to produce orthopyroxene and a rodingites. Rare earth elements (REE) show

87 a different behaviour in the rodingite types, Moreover, montmorillonite and kaolinite as they remained constant only in type III are also identified through the analysis, but rodingites. Mobilisation of REE, as well as are only present in certain formations in Ti and Zr in the rodingite types I and II can Brunei. Transformation and conversion of be explained by fluid-rock interaction, and both montmorillonite and kaolinite plays a the incorporation of ligands, such as OH-, major role in contributing to the abundant under alkaline conditions and relatively amounts of illites and chlorites. In the Liang high concentration of CO2 in the Formation, kaolinite, illite and chlorite are metasomatic fluid. present in the Lumut Member whereas the Berakas Member only has kaolinite and Characterization of clay minerals in Liang, illite. The Belait Formation shows the Belait and Seria Formations and modern presence of only illite and chlorite. The offshore sediments, Brunei Darussalam recent offshore sediments collected from Muara and Seria Formations contain Khairunnisa Nazirah Karim1, Nur Fazrenna kaolinite, illite and chlorite whereas the Nazzerah Mohamed Kamransah1, Elena Ifandi2, Basilios Tsikouras1 recent offshore sediments collected from Tutong contains kaolinite, illite, chlorite 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam and montmorillonite. 2University of Patras, Department of Geology, Sector of Earth Materials, 265 00 Characterization of the volcanic rocks of Patras, Greece Nihia area, Milos island, Greece

There are limited researches done on the Panagiota Tsigrou1, Paraskevi clays and clay minerals found in Brunei Lampropoulou1, Ioannis Iliopoulos1, Darussalam. This paper aims to determine Angelos G. Kalampounias2, Aikaterini the mineralogical composition and the Rogkala1, Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou1, geochemical properties of clays and clay Petros Petrounias1, Sofia Karipi1, Christos minerals found in the Liang Formation, Katagas1 which consists of the Lumut and Berakas Members, the Belait Formation, the Seria 1University of Patras, School of Natural Formation and from recent offshore Science, Department of Geology, Rion, GR- 26504, Patras, Greece sediments (from the sea-boXom offshore 2University of Ioannina, Department of Brunei-Muara and Tutong Districts). A total Chemistry, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece of twenty samples were collected for this study. This study characterizes the clays Preliminary results of the study of acid from these formations according to their volcanic rocks from Milos island (Nihia locality, clay colour, moisture content and area) are presented here. These results the clay minerals contained. Study of based on petrographic, mineralogical and secondary electron images, spectra geochemical rock features were obtained acquired with Energy Dispersive via Petrographic Microscopy, ICP, XRD, Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray SEM and Raman techniques. Three distinct diffractograms revealed that the analyzed groups were established, according to the samples contain abundant illite followed by petrographic analysis of the samples kaolinite and chlorite. The results of the examined. The first group (MIL-I) comprises analyzed samples do not contradict recent dark-coluored massive rocks with glassy studies, which stated that the northern luster and characteristic conchoidal Borneo fluvial sediments are rich in illites fracture. They mainly contain sanidine, and chlorites. Illite can be formed due to plagioclase (The second group (MIL-II) neoformation processes that cause encompasses samples characterized by a weathering of K- and Al-rich minerals (e.g. massive structure with no glassy luster muscovite, feldspars). which display conspicuous alternating light

88

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

and dark parallel oriented bands, reflecting lava flow. These oriented microstructures of trachytic texture are mainly composed of quartz microlites, while small amounts of plagioclase (mainly (The perlitic-spherulitic texture with its characteristic cracks (commonly prevailing over the vitrophyric luster) is the dominant feature of the third group (MIL-III) established herein. The extensive devitrification also differentiates these volcanic rocks from those of the former groups. Plagioclase (mainly An40), hornblende (magnesio-hornblende to actinolite), biotite and oxides have been detected whilst the “amorphous” phase is less abundant (~ 60-70%) but richer in silica (~80-92 wt %) compared to the one of MIL-I samples. The hydration of these samples is assumed by Raman analyses too, maybe due to their water content. The combination of the petrographic and mineralogical results presented above with the geochemical data indicates that the studied volcanic rocks have a rhyolithic to rhyodacitic composition and can be classified as glass-sub alkaline and specific calc alkaline volcanic rocks (obsidian, perlite).

89

S01

S02 Session 14: Mineral degrees and types of alteration types and degree of alteration (e.g., oxidation, Resources chloritization, serpentinization). Samples S03 from Bulacan are mostly porphyritic basalt Chairpersons: Chun Kit Lai, and fine to coarse-grained sandstone with Elena Ifandi & Lisa Thieme some cavities, microfractures and cracks S04 caused mainly by vesicles and occurrence ORAL PRESENTATION of veinlets of silica and carbonate. Rizal aggregates are composed dominantly of Friday 17 November 2017 basalts and andesites with minor clastic S06 rocks and tuffs. The aggregates collected Petrography of aggregates in Luzon, from Zambales are mainly products of

Philippines: Identification of components erosion of the ophiolite from the Zambales S07 and deleterious materials Range (as observed from the presence of ultramafics and basalts), mixed with the Ma. Ines Rosana Balangue-Tarriela1, lahar deposits from the Pinatubo eruption. Cleodette l. Lagata1, Raymond Leuterio1, Meanwhile, Pampanga aggregates are S08 1 Ma. Lourdes Abad also mostly lahar deposits, especially pumice, a poor choice for aggregate 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, composition because of its low hardness, S09 College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman brittleness and vesiculated texture. Aside from the lithological classification, Aggregates are granular materials, such as potentially alkali-reactive constituents were S10 sand, gravel, or crushed stone that is observed to be present in some samples in combined with asphalt or cement to form all the four study areas. The quartz from concrete which are used as bases of all devitrification of groundmass, silica veins, concrete structures. The quality of and amygdales of silica add more to the S14 aggregates significantly affects the deleterious materials observed. Potential properties of the concrete since it durability of the aggregates may be constitutes about 70% of the volume of the influenced by the presence of micro S15 concrete (Al-Dulaijan et al., 2002). In this fractures, cavities and clay minerals. study, aggregate materials were collected Further testing of the aggregates for either from rock exposures or as alluvial durability and strength suggested as per S17 deposits from the four areas near use of the aggregates. Use of XRDA and Manila, Philippines: Bulacan, Rizal, other analysis in testing for verification of Pampanga, and Zambales. These areas the compositions can also be used to are the main sources of aggregates for the confirm the presence of potential S18 different construction activities in Metro deleterious materials. Manila. The samples were subjected to petrographic studies primarily for rock Identifying of peat soil layers using K- S19 identification and secondly, to characterize means clustering in the south Kalimantan, physical and chemical properties of the Indonesia aggregate materials that may present Mimin Iryanti1, Ahmad Aminudin1, potential problems on the structures such Eleonora Agustine2, Satria Bijaksana3, S20 as alkali-silica reactivity, pop-out distress Wahyu Srigutomo4, Tedy Setiawan3 and structural weakening to the strength of

the aggregate materials. Petrographic 1Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences S21 assessment showed that the aggregates Education, Universitas Pendidikan vary in terms of rock types (e.g., andesite, Indonesia basalt, gabbro, pyroclastic) with different 2Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran

90

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

3 Faculty of Mining and Petroleum publishing papers where data came from Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung coal mining companies (Foronda, et al 4 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural 2011, Limos-Martinez and Watanabe Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2006), no attempt has been made to The various type of soils have been collect, review, and interpret the geologic identified by electrical and magnetic data from the coal-bearing sequences of properties especially on peat soils. Peat Bislig Formation. The objective of the study soils are commonly considered being partly is to determine the lithological and decomposed vegetation. In this study, geochemical characteristics in one of the electrical and magnetic properties have identified coal measures of the Bislig been used for K-means clustering to Formation. identify layers of peat soils. K-means Kabubunan Coal Measure belongs to the clustering is a partitioning method that Bislig Formation. Lithological and coal treats observations in the data. Data core quality studies suggest that the Kabubunan were obtained every cm for its electrical Coal Measure was formed in a delta conductivity and magnetic susceptibility environment intercalating with fluvial and properties. A 291 cm core was obtained at shallow marine environments. Coal seams Tegal Arum Village in the South are relatively thin (<1m); the dominant Kalimantan, Indonesia. The K-means lithofacies hosting the coal are mudstones clustering results indicate two different deposited in interdistributary bays. layers at 148 cm and it is supported by Sandstone interbeds originated from Loss on Ignition (LOI) measurement. In the distributary channels and levees were first layers it was found 87.65% LOI that deposited during flooding, and resulted on associated with peat soils (above 148 cm) coal seams with medium to high (10 – and whereas second layers 26.11% that 47%) ash yield. The limestones and other associated with mineral soils (below 148 calcareous sedimentary rocks which are cm). The results of this study using K-means occasionally found in between the coal clustering can be used to delineate soil seams are interpreted to represent layers. successive phases of delta out-building interspersed with occasional marine Depositional setting of the Kabubunan coal incursions. They also overlie the whole coal measure of the Bisling Formation, measure. The low to medium sulphur (0.82 Bunawan, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines – 3%) content on all the coal seams indicate deposition of coals in a freshwater 1 Raymond G. Leuterio , Ma. Ines Rosana D. to brackish water swamp. Coal is classified Balangue-Tarriela1, Valerio Joseph M. as Lignite A to Sub-bituminous B (<6,300 Foronda1, 2 BTU/lb – 10,500 BTU/lb) on air dried 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, basis. No variability has been observed University of the Philippines, Diliman, with residual moisture (<9%), volatile Quezon City, Philippines 1101 matter (~27%), and fixed carbon content 2 Philippine National Oil Corporation – (~25%) on air dried basis. Exploration Corporation, Building 1, Energy Center, Rizal Drive, Bonifacio Global City, Trace element signatures of apatite from Taguig City, Philippines 1634 Hillside, south Australia The Philippines’ Department of Energy has Roniza Ismail1, Cristiana Ciobanu2, Nigel estimated 69.55 million metric tons of coal Cook2 reserves in the Surigao Coal Region. This region is hosted by the coal-bearing Late 1Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Faculty of Oligocene to Early Miocene Bislig Earth Science, Department of Geoscience, Formation. Although there were efforts on Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan

91

2University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Arif1, Mujiburrahman1, Heri Irawan1, Engineering, Adelaide, South Australia, Muhammad Suprapto1 5005, Australia 1Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB, Faculty Hillside deposit located on the Yorke of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Peninsula, is one of the recent discoveries Engineering, Jalan Adhiyaksa No 2, in the Gawler Craton of South Australia. Banjarmasin, Indonesia The deposit has the characteristics of an It has been estimated that South Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) system Kalimantan has 13,116,000 tons of kaolin but also features skarn alteration. Apatite is claystone which spread in several regencies one of the most abundant accessory covering Banjar, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Utara minerals that can be found throughout all and Kotabaru. To make use of Kaolin stages, spanning igneous to skarn Claystone as geopolymer, characterizing its assemblage. It also can incorporate phases both by using qualitative and significant concentrations of rare earth quantitatively was conducted. The samples element (REE). Thus, it is important to of kaolin claystone were taken based on achieve a better understanding of trace the largest distribution in the area of Banjar elements concentration and distribution in regency which located in Sungai Tabuk (ST) apatite at Hillside because they could be and Cintapuri (CT), while in the area of different among the stages. The distinct Tapin regency, the location is in Tatakan trace element signatures of apatite possibly (TT). Claystone which had been sampled represent the alterations. In this study, was prepared by using siphoning method, analyses of apatite by laser ablation then, characterized by using X-ray inductively coupled plasma mass diffraction (XRD) to determine the phase in spectrometry (LAICPMS) were used as a the samples. Qualitative analysis was used main tool to assess the distribution of rare by using search-match of X’Pert HighScore earth element (REE), incompatible and ore- Plus software, while quantitative analysis forming elements in several lithologies. was based on Rietveld refinement method Mineralogical and petrographic studies by Reitica software. The research findings using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) which based on XRD pattern resulted from and scanning electron microscope (SEM) qualitative analysis showed that there were also were undertaken to support the two main phases: Quartz (SiO ) and findings. LAICPMS spot analyses of apatite 2 Kaolinite (Al Si O (OH) ). In addition, in Hillside show that apatite is a significant 2 2 5 4 quantitative analysis using Reitveld showed REE-carrier in the deposit, with total trace that Quartz and kaolinite quantity in the element values ranging from 200 ppm to samples subsequently ST 30.42%, 69.58%, >4 wt.%. Variation in trace element CT 23.78%, 76.22% and TT 15.77%, signatures and chondrite-normalized REE 84.23%. Having percentage of GoF fractionation trends of apatite has potential (Goodness of Fit) less than 4%, quantitative application to mineral exploration and can analysis was accepted. Therefore, based be used as petrogenetic tools and on this research, the best quality of kaolin exploration vectors. claystone in South Kalimantan can be Rietveld analysis of south Kalimantan found in Tatakan, Tapin regency. kaolin claystone XRD pattern Mineralogy control for problematic ore at Muhammad Saukani1, Muhammad Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) reserve Irfansyah1, Muhammad Firman1, Budi underground mining Freeport, Indonesia Hartadi1, Ice Trianiza1, Firda Herlina1, Fence George Aiwoy1, Ildrim Syafri2, Euis Rendi1, Abdurrahim Sidiq1, Gusti Rusydi T.Yuningsih3, Bambang Antoro4 Furqon Syahrillah1, Jainal Arifin1, Syaifullah

92

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

1Faculty of Magister Geology, Padjadjaran valuable minerals such as copper and University, Indonesia gold. The result of metallurgical analysis by 2 PT Freeport Indonesia Affiliate of Freeport- float method shows that high mass yield McMoran Copper and Gold exceeds the threshold value of 12.5%, with Grasberg Block Cave is an underground high sericite and clay and pyrite mineral mine passed under an open mine content of more than 10%. This result Grasberg reserve, with the "Cu-Au reduces the value of valuable minerals Porphyry" deposit type, located within the such as copper and gold. Problematic ore Contract of Work A (COW "A") of PT. at Grasberg Block Cave reserve can Freeport Indonesia, Ertsberg District, classified by Cu and Au recovery data from Papua. The reserve in January of late metallurgical analysis. In addition, January 2015 was 1.011 million tones with laboratory results of Mass Yield values 1% copper (Cu) and gold (Au) 0.77 g / t. more than 12.5%, minerals including, Grasberg Block Cave is a porphyry deposit pyrite and oxides. The presence of where the highest Cu-Au grade hosted impurities usually found in problematic ore within stockwork material in a horse-shoe types decrease recovery of copper and shape at the margin of barren core Kali gold. Therefore, geological observations in diorite. Metallurgy performance reflected in the field combined with laboratory analysis ore type is need by mine engineer to get an are very important to determine the optimal metal target. Clean ore type will problematic ore at Grasberg Block Cave produce higher metal recovery compared reserve. To reduce the risk of recovery of to problematic ore material. Problematic copper and gold, mainly due to the ore in Grasberg Block Cave is propose to detrimental minerals in the problematic ore recognize early before mining. The type, mixing method with cleaner ore types problematic ore study on Grasberg Block can be adopter. Ore characterization and Cave reserves was conduct to determine the blending method has resulted in the characteristics and controls of increased cost efficiency in processing ore mineralogy in this type of ore in order to for the Grasberg Mine. reduce losses due to decreased acquisition of valuable ore minerals. The method used is XRD data mapping-field geological sampling, XRD drilling data and metallurgical analysis in the laboratory. The problematic ore type base on geo- metallurgy Freeport Indonesia standard minimum problematic in the Grasberg open pit and predicted to Grasberg block cave is influenced by impurity minerals such as mineral sericite-clay> 10%, pyrite >5%, and mica-silica >15%. Metallurgical test results are helpful in calibrating the early geological model data and actual geological data or mapping in the field used as a reference for determining the type and characteristics of the ore. In general, these impurity minerals produce metallurgical test data with a high yield rate exceeding 15%, and a high mica- sericite mineral content of more than 10%. This can certainly reduce the value of

93

crystals with distinct oscillatory zoning. POSTER PRESENTATIONS Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) results show a negative correlation of As with S in Characterization of pyrites in an alkaline- pyrite. This is consistent with the substitution hosted deposit of As for S in the pyrite structure as Cleodette l. Lagata1, Ma. Ines Rosana B. previously studied by various authors. (Fleet Tarriela2, Janice Wayan3 and Mumin, 1997 and Reich et al., 2005) A clear positive linear correlation between 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, gold and arsenic grade is also present in University of the Philippines-Diliman, the samples as reported by FCF in a study Quezon City, 1101, Philippines in 2015. Morphological, textural and 2National Institute of Geological Sciences, chemical studies of pyrite reveal that the University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines fine -grained, disseminated or aggregates 3FCF Minerals Corporation, Brgy. Runruno, of pyrite are “barren” while euhedral to Municipality of Quezon, Nueva Vizcaya anhedral coarse-grained pyrites contain Au 3713, Philippines and various trace elements. Gold, more specifically, is present in arsenian pyrite as The Runruno ore deposit is one of the few structurally-bound Au1+ or Au-bearing known yet less studied ore deposits in the nanoparticles. Philippines hosted by alkaline rocks. It is located within a large alkaline volcanic Sulphur, strontium, carbon, and oxygen complex with a defined resource of 1.73 Isotope Record of calcium sulfate deposits million ounces of gold and 45.58 million in Late Carboniferous Rocks of Loei -Wang pounds of molybdenum as estimated by Saphung (LWS) Area, Loei Province, Metals Exploration (2014). The style of Thailand mineralization in the area is mainly hydrothermal, with mineralized rocks Nusara Surakotra1, Punya Charusiri2, mostly containing pyritic assemblages or Sarunya Promkotra1, Teruyuki Maruoka3, their oxidized equivalent. Evidences from a Ken-ichiro Hisada4 previous study by Jensen (2008) show that significant gold mineralization associated 1Department of Geotechnology, Faculty of with strong K-silicate + pyrite alteration. In Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon this study, we investigated the use of pyrite Kaen, 40002, Thailand 2 mineral chemistry and crystal morphology Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, as potential indicator of the style of gold Bangkok, 10330, Thailand mineralization in the Runruno ore deposit. 3School of Life and Environmental Sciences Using the assay data, representative University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, samples with pyrite content were collected Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan from depths with low, intermediate and 4Graduate School of Life and Environmental high-gold content. Secondary electron and Sciences University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 back-scattered electron (BSE) imaging in Tennodai, Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan the Runruno samples showed the differences in morphology and textures in Evaporite sulfate deposits of the Loei – pyrites in relation to gold content. Pyrites Wang Saphung (LWS) area in northeastern associated with low gold occur as Thailand with interbeds of carbonate layers disseminated fine-grained anhedral crystals were investigated and analysed for S, O, and aggregates of anhedral pyrites. Those C, and Sr isotope compositions. The aim of with intermediate gold content are related the investigation is to document stable to anhedral to subhedral individual crystals isotope data and to interpret depositional of pyrites, while high gold pyrites has environment as well as age of formation. coarser subhedral to euhedral individual

94

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Sulphate samples yield average values of which was used for all types of aggregates, δ34S of 14.615‰ while give the was prepared by using carbonate sand. 87Sr/86Sr ratio of gypsum of 0.708282 The results showed that the specimens and anhydrite of 0.708288. Carbonate made with mafic aggregates showed layers yield the average values of higher resistance in uniaxial compressive δ18OPDB, and δ13C values of -12.52‰, strength (UCS) than these made using and -0.1‰, respectively. Results from the ultramafic rocks, in the majority of studied stable isotope data reveal the LWS samples. Detailed microscopic evaporite deposit was originally formed examinations through optical polarized from seawater and the negative value of microscope before and after the UCS δ18O isotopic signal was a result of testing revealed that the mineralogical meteoric alteration during subaerial composition is a critical factor in the exposure of the sections. Additionally, behaviour of aggregates, including both selected samples were analysed for the Sr their strength and interactions with the isotope show slightly higher values with cement paste. Serpentine, which is a very mild variations. This suggests that the common alteration product in ultramafic LWS deposit was not affected by rocks plays a negative role in their subsequent hydrothermal alteration by performance, whereas primary and younger igneous dikes in this area. secondary minerals in mafic are harder Therefore these isotope signatures are hence explaining their better performance. considered as preserved primary textures, despite the fact that the deposit underwent anchizone to epizone metamorphism. Results of the S and Sr isotope values indicate the depositional age of the LWS

sulphate deposit in Middle - Late Carboniferous. A comparative study of mafic and ultramafic ophiolitic rocks from Greece for their suitability as concrete aggregates

Petros Petrounias1, Panagiota P.

Giannakopoulou1, Aikaterini Rogkala1, Alkiviadis Sideridis1, Basilios Tsikouras2,

Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou1 1University of Patras, School of Natural Science, Department of Geology, Rion, GR- 26504, Patras, Greece 2Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Jalan Tungku Link, BE1410, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam Mafic and ultramafic rocks from different ophiolite complexes in Greece are assessed for their suitability as concrete aggregates. Cubic test pieces of concrete were prepared using these rocks for the aggregate fraction and were tested for their mechanical properties. The cement paste,

95

S01

S02 Session 15: Carbon carbonate gas reservoirs, respectively. Using compositional simulation, supercritical state CO was injected into Sequestration 2 S03 these two gas reservoirs with the same Chairpersons: Diomedes Racelis operating conditions for 30 years of & Elenita Racelis simulation. Sensitivity analysis was then S04 conducted in order to investigate the effects ORAL PRESENTATION of injecting parameters on the sequestration efficiency of each reservoir. S06 The advantage and disadvantage of Wednesday 15 November 2017 sequestering CO2 for the purpose of CO2 storage and enhanced gas recovery in

Comparative study of carbon dioxide these two reservoirs will be also compared S07 sequestration efficiency in coal seam gas and discussed. and depleted carbonate gas reservoirs: The Indonesia field case Soil carbon assessment of selected pine forest stands in Benguet Province, 1 1 S08 Edo Pratama , Mohd Suhaili Ismail , Philippines Syahrir Ridha1 Elenita L. Racelis1, Diomedes A. Racelis2 1Faculty of Geosciences and Petroleum S09 Engineering, Universiti Teknologi 1University of the Philippines Los Baños, PETRONAS College of Forestry and Natural Resources

(CFNR), Training Center for Tropical Injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into gas/oil S10 reservoirs will not only provide an Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability opportunity for Indonesia to improve (TREES) College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 2 energy supply and security, but will also University of the Philippines Los Baños, S14 store the greenhouse gas in a proven College of Forestry and Natural Resources subsurface formation. Geological Institute of Renewable Natural Resources (IRNR), College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 assessment in terms of CO2 sequestration efficiency is critical to examine the The study assessed the carbon stored in effectiveness of a reservoir to store targeted S15 soil in selected natural, managed and CO quantity. This paper aims to evaluate 2 poorly stocked Benguet Pine (Pinus the CO sequestration efficiency in coal 2 kesiya Royle ex Gordon) forest stands. It S17 seam gas and depleted carbonate gas adopted a single stratum stratified reservoirs by designed CO flooding 2 sampling. Google image and GIS were through a vertical injection well and a used to classify and assess the types of producing well with the case study in S18 stand based on crown stocking density Indonesia. A coal seam gas reservoir (CSD): high (2/3 CSD), medium (> 1/3 - located in Sumatera and a depleted < 2/3 CSD) and low (>1/3 CSD). carbonate gas reservoir located in Java Composite soil samples were collected per S19 was chosen to conduct the study. The coal plot from each soil depth (0-10 cm; 10-20 seams are of sub-bituminous rank and coal cm and 20-30 cm) and replicated per matrix is fully saturated by methane. The elevation type (high, mid and lower lithology of the carbonate reservoir is S20 elevation). dolomite with single porosity system and Results showed a mean soil C of 93.56 Mg the reservoir fluid is lean gas condensate, ha-1, 91.47 Mg ha-1 and 85.46 Mg ha-1 wherein the main composition is methane. S21 for high, medium and low density stands, Adsorption trapping and solubility trapping respectively. Expectedly, the stored soil C were considered as the main sequestration per stand type increases from low density mechanism in coal seam gas and depleted

96

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

to high density stands. Further, it means Pine plantations of the project. It measured that the amount of carbon stored increases the five carbon pools; namely: trees, as the quantity of vegetation also increases. understorey/herbaceous, course woody The SOC share in the overall amount of debris (CWD), roots and soils. The study carbon stored among carbon sinks per adopted a single stratum stratified stand type ranges from 47-69%. The study sampling which included a 20 m x 100 m finds relevance on the global initiatives on plot for big trees with dbh> 30 cm reducing emissions of carbon dioxide including CWD with ≥ 5cm dbh and 0.5m

(CO2) mostly by assessing the carbon length while the 5m x 40m subplot absorbed in soils and associated included trees with dbh 5-30 cm. The vegetation. Forests play a significant role understorey/ herbaceous and litter samples in global carbon cycle. They either served were collected in a 0.5m x 0.5 m subplot as carbon sink or source of carbon. Plants inside the 5m x 40 m subplot. Composite

assimilate CO2 from the atmosphere soil samples were collected at various soil through the process of photosynthesis and depths (0-10 cm; 10-20 cm and 20-30 release it through respiration. When plant cm) replicated per elevation type (high, mid dies its stored carbon is also released to and lower elevation). Google image and the atmosphere or to the soil where it GIS were used to classify and assess the decomposes slowly and thus increases soil three types of stand based on crown carbon content. However, there is little stocking density (CSD): high (2/3 CSD), information on the level of soil carbon medium (> 1/3 - < 2/3 CSD) and low stored depending on the stocking rate of (>1/3 CSD). The forest inventory Benguet Pine forest stands in the determined an average biomass density of

Philippines. 176.83 t ha-1 with equivalent C and CO2 stored of 169.74 t ha-1 and 622.37 t ha-1, Estimating the carbon sequestration respectively. Its mean annual increment potential of Padcal mine reforestation (MAI) at age 27 was estimated at 6.55 t ha- project 1 yr-1 with equivalent of 2.95 t ha-1 yr-1 C or 10.81 t ha-1 yr-1 CO . Using the computed Elenita L. Racelis1, Diomedes A. Racelis2 2 MAI of this study plus MAI of younger 1University of the Philippines Los Baños, plantations from other studies of the same College of Forestry and Natural Resources species, the proposed 600-ha reforestation (CFNR), Training Center for Tropical sites to be established up to 2020 have a Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability projected mean annual sequestration rate (TREES) College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 of 10,199.18 t CO2 yr-1. 2University of the Philippines Los Baños, Numerical modelling of CO injection in a College of Forestry and Natural Resources 2 homogeneous anisotropic medium: Case Institute of Renewable Natural Resources study of carbon capture and storage pilot (IRNR), College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 project Gundih field, Indonesia The study forecasted the potential of the Fatkhan1, Cahli Suhendi2, David P. Philex-Padcal Mine new reforestation Sahara3, Mohammad Rachmat Sule1 projects to store carbon over the next six years. It has been targeted that the 1Seismology, Exploration and Engineering company will establish 100 hectares Research Group, Faculty of Mining and additional plantation sites yearly for a total Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi of 600 hectares from 2015 until 2020. The Bandung, Indonesia projection was based on actual 2Geophysical Engineering, Department of measurements made on the existing Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, plantations both pure and mixed Benguet Indonesia

97

3Global Geophysics Research Group, distributed. A 3D model of a layered Faculty of Mining and Petroleum formation consists of porous and Engineering, InstitutTeknologi Bandung, permeable reservoir layer and non-porous Indonesia and impermeable cap rock. The model is initialized in hydrostatic condition and The injected CO2 propagates in the stress induced by gravitational loading. In reservoir, according to its in-situ stress and this stage, the model will be compacted permeability, and change pore pressure before the injection. A boundary condition and effective stress of the reservoir. Studies is set as no lateral displacement normal to have been performed on the modelling of side boundary and no vertical this CO2 injection in an effort to monitor its displacement normal to bottom boundary. propagation and anticipate its potential Results show that program code developed leakage. In an anisotropic reservoir, this has successfully simulate the CO2 injection issue gets bigger as the propagation might into reservoir model. Another finding is the concentrate. We developed a Graphical coupled fluid–flow and geomechanical User Interface (GUI) of program code to simulation improve our understanding on solve this coupled Thermo-Hydro- dynamic reservoir responses due to CO2 Mechanical (THM) problem in a fluid injection. homogeneous anisotropic material. We used this coupled software to simulate the coupled THM process of CO injection. 2 Gundih Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project, if successfully run, can be regarded as the first CCS pilot project in Indonesia. The project is devoted for research and development of CCS technologies since Indonesian’s government has a plan to reduce CO2 more than 20% by 2020. One of technologies developed to reduce CO2 emission is by injecting CO2 into subsurface formation. In this pilot project the CO is planned to be injected within 2 10,000 tonnes/years. Findings of Geological and Geophysical studies conclude that Ngrayong Formation is the most possible candidate to be the storage formation. The CO2 fluid is injected into Ngrayong formation at the depth around 800 m. At this depth, CO is expected to 2 be in supercritical condition, in which the phase depends on the hydrostatics pressure and gradient thermal. In order to have more information behaviour of reservoir rocks, we proposed to simulate injection into VTI (Vertical Transverse Isotropic) media. Rock permeability have important role in CO2 injection and is assumed with horizontal to vertical permeability ratio is around of 5. It will affect where and how much the CO2 flux is

98

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 almost in the N-S and E-W direction with Session 17: an average dipping angle of 56⁰ and 77⁰ Structural Geology respectively. It is interpreted that this area S03 had suffered from an internal stress and Tectonics coming from the igneous tectonic. This Chairpersons: Claudia deformation was responsible for the S04 Baumgartner-Mora & Afroz formation of the conjugate joints based on the calculated stress obtained from the rose Ahmad Shah diagram. The maximum principal stress is mainly coming from the NE-SW direction. S06 ORAL PRESENTATION From the rose diagram plotted, the shear to the right and shear to the left can be determined. This paper presents additional Friday 17 November 2017 insights on the structural elements and S07 deformation mechanism of the Semanggol General geology of north eastern central Formation along with its relationship with Gunung Semanggol, Bukit Merah: the Bok Bak Fault. Due to outcrop Findings on the 2017 recent fieldwork and S08 limitation within the transect area, the mapping activities speculation whether the linear ridge Danial Ashraff bin Mohamad Iskak1, Md formation of Gunung Semanggol as a S09 Yazid Mansor2, Mohd Shaufi Sokiman3 result of granite emplacement across north Peninsular Malaysia is still unclear.

1Geoscience Department, Faculty of Geoscience & Petroleum Engineering, Assessment of relative active tectonics in S10 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 parts of Aravalli Mountain range, India: Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Implication of geomorphic indices, remote 2 Geoscience Department, Faculty of sensing and GIS Geoscience & Petroleum Engineering, S14 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Syed Ahmad Ali1, Javed Ikbal1 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia 1 3Geoscience Department, Faculty of Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim Geoscience & Petroleum Engineering, University, Aligarh, India S15 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Aravalli Mountain Range is an example of erosional mountains, trending NE-SW, The study area is situated on the eastern shows numerous faults and lineaments. S17 part of Gunung Semanggol which is in the Udaipur area, situated in south-east part of vicinity if Bukit Merah where the rocks are the mountain, is considered as tectonically not clearly exposed due to the thick active. So the main objective is to study S18 vegetation. The main lithology observed relative tectonic activity of the Ahar here consists of the Permo-Triassic watershed of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. To sandstone, interbedded sandstone and assess relative tectonic activity of the area, siltstone, quartzite and contact breccia geomorphic indices such as stream-length S19 known as the Semanggol Formation. A gradient index (SL), asymmetry factor (Af),

detailed geological mapping has been basin shape (Bs), valley-floor width to done in this area in order to produce a valley height ratio (Vf), mountain front S20 geological and cross sectional map. sinuosity (Smf), hypsometric integral (Hi), Geological structures found are mainly hypsometric curve, and transverse joints, bedding and veins. Features such as topographic symmetry factor (T) is applied. S21 faults and folds were not observed during DEM (SRTM), Google earth image and this study. For each outcrop, there are enhanced images of Landsat TM (2008) is about two sets of joints mainly striking used to extract linear features. Result of

99 these geomorphic indices of each sub- facies of shallow-water carbonates provide watersheds are used to divide area from time constraints on tectonic events, which low to high relative tectonic activity classes, are essential in order to reconstruct the expressed as relative active tectonic index past evolution of the active margin of (Iat) and according to Iat value the sub Central America. Here, we review tectonic watershed UDSW2, 3 and 4 is tectonically processes with which shallow-water relatively more active than remaining part carbonates may be associated:1) Intra-arc of the area. Field validation associated with rifting occurred in Honduras during the evidences highlighted by using geomorphic Aptian–Albian leading to the deposition of indices as well as stream deflections and the shallow-water Atima Fm. The rifting is lineament analysis reveals that the Ahar interpreted as an extensional event watershed of Aravalli Range, particularly following arc-arc collision. 2) Collision of the north-western flank, is most affected by oceanic plateaus occurred along the Costa the tectonic activity. Rican active margin during the Campanian and the Palaeocene. Both events coincided Shallow-water carbonates as tectonic event with shallow-water deposition (El Viejo, markers in convergent margins: Mesozoic– Barra Honda fms.) on uplifted forearc Cainozoic examples from central America lithologies associated with volcanic arc Goran Andjic1, Peter Oliver Baumgartner1, cessation. 3) Collision of seamounts Claudia Baumgartner-Mora1 occurred along the Costa Rican active margin during the middle–late Eocene. 1University of Lausanne, Institute of Earth These events coincided with the uplift of the Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland active margin in forearc and back-arc settings, allowing deposition of various The construction of the Central American shelf deposits. 4) Strike-slip faulting land bridge represents a long-term process affected the Sandino Forearc Basin that initiated in Cretaceous time. Since that (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) during the time, collision/accretion, subduction and Oligocene. We interpret the formation of strike-slip processes operated in narrow anticlines as a response to oblique association with arc volcanism, building a subduction which preceded the break-up of complex geological puzzle. The present- the Farallon Plate. The Isla Juanilla Coral day terrane collage consists mainly of a Reef grew on one of these structures. 5) northern province (from Guatemala to N Intra-arc rifting occurred in Nicaragua Nicaragua), made of Precambrian– during the Pliocene, possibly in relation to Mesozoic continental terranes (Chortis slab roll-back. The footwall of the Block s.s.), and a southern province (from S Nicaraguan Depression was back-tilted Nicaragua to Panama) made of Mesozoic– and shallow-water carbonates (El Salto Cenozoic oceanic assemblages. The Fm.) unconformably encroached on pre- oceanic assemblages reveal the long-lived Pliocene forearc lithologies. influence of the Galápagos hotspot on the geologic history of southern Central America. The latter has been shaped by the collision/subduction of seamounts, ridges and plateaus since the Late Cretaceous. In addition, the fore-, intra-, and back-arc basins overlapping these provinces recorded the tectonic evolution of the active margin. Tectonic events led to major facies changes, unconformities, deformations, and variations in the supply of arc-derived material. In these basins, the age and

100

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

Structural geology of Miri anticline in Borneo Stephan Ongetta2, Navakanesh M. Batmanathan2, Shah A. A1

1Department of Physical and Geological Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei 2Department of Geological Sciences University Curtin Sarawak, Malaysia

The work presented here shows structural geology of Miri anticline, which is ~NE-SW trending structure that extends for > 8km, and is located in Northwest Borneo. The topographic expression of the anticlinal structure is clearly visible on the satellite data as it rises abruptly in an otherwise flat region. The sharp topographic break that extends for most of its length suggests a strong structural control on its development and growth. This motivated us to undertake a detailed geological field investigation in the region. Thus here we demonstrate, using freely available satellite data and detailed field investigations, that Miri anticline is controlled by faulting. We have mapped a number of new faults in the region, which are both normal, and reverse. The topographic break close to the Grand Old Lady oil well cuts oblique to the anticlinal axis and we have mapped a new thrust fault that dips ~31 towards SW. The southwestern portions of the ~NE dipping fold limb preserve very steeply dipping beds, which are not observable in the northeastern portion of this limb. This suggests an asymmetrical fold geometry, which is possibly controlled by fault at depth. Thus we propose a fault-bend fold structural model for the formation, and development of Miri anticline.

101

S01

S02 Session 18: Earth (borehole) configuration. The groundwater and DNAPL flow is controlled by the Sciences in Service diffusion equations, while the SP problem is S03 governed by the electrical Poisson of the Environment equation. The diffusion and the Poisson

Chairperson: Eleni Zagana & equation are solved using the finite S04 Elena Ifandi difference scheme and applied into a 2D subsurface model. This model is adapted to represent the physical properties of the ORAL PRESENTATIONS closed aquifer stream and the pollutant S06 material going into it. The last part of the Thursday 16 November 2017 study is a-proposed inverse modelling

scheme that can be done for the further Forward and inverse modelling of self S07 analysis of the SP signal. The inverse potential time series response for DNAPL calculation is done in a hope for the detection in closed aquifer location detection of the added pollutants S08 Harry Mahardika1, Neny Kurniasih1, and also characterization of the DNAPL Muhammad Zaki1, Aditya Fabio1 properties. The study will probably give alternative to the current pollutant detection 1Institut Teknologi Bandung, Faculty of method and also to create a foundation for S09 Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Earth future field application in hydrology and Complex System Physics Research problems. Group, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung

40132, Indonesia S10 Meteorological and hydrological drought Self-potential (SP) method is a passive analysis of Langat River Basin in peninsular geophysical method that measures the Malaysia electric potential response of the Earth. The S14 Md. Munir Hayet Khan1,3, Nur Shazwani SP signals are generated from the bulk Muhammad1, Ahmed El-Shafie2 , Adil interaction of subsurface fluid flow inside Rassam Timimi3, Ahmed Ali Jabir3 S15 the porous rock with its solid matrix frame via electrokinetic effect mechanism. In 1Department of Civil & Structural recent geoscience studies, SP method have Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan been applied to detect and characterize the Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor S17 movement of the groundwater flows, oil Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2 and water during hydrocarbon reservoir Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of operations, and also the intrusion of salt or Engineering, University of Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ionic species for long-term toxic wastes. In 3Faculty of Engineering & Quantity S18 this study, we would like to develop a Surveying, INTI International University numerical model to simulate a monitoring (INTI-IU), Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra mechanism for dense non aqueous phase Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, S19 liquids (DNAPL) intrusion inside a closed Malaysia aquifer system. The addition of DNAPL may Malaysia is one of the countries that has cause contamination to the community's been experiencing droughts caused by drinking water and agriculture farms that S20 warming climate. Drought is an extreme use water from the closed aquifer. The meteorological phenomenon that causes numerical simulation consist of three parts: great environmental and economic one is the groundwater flow and the damages. It is mainly classified into S21 evolution of the DNAPL, and second is the meteorological, hydrological and generation of SP signals that can be agricultural droughts. Among these detected in the surface and subsurface classifications, assessment of hydrological

102

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

drought has more importance in the water resources management perspective. Drought analysis & forecasting is an essential tool for effective water resource management as well as mitigation of some of the more adverse consequences of drought. This study considered the areas of langat river basin in Peninsular Malaysia. The assessments were made with Standard Index of Annual Precipitation (SIAP) over 360 months’ time from October 1986 to September 2016 (30-years). SIAP outcome was used to develop a model based on artificial neural network (ANN) for the station A (3018107) and performance of the model was evaluated. It was found that the coefficient of determination (R2) was at 0.808 between observed and forecasted values. In this study, assessments were also made of historical hydrological droughts using Standardized Water Storage Index (SWSI). For this purpose, water level data was obtained for the Semenyih river basin that is one of the three principal tributaries of Langat River and was used for calculating SWSI. The calculated index indicates that there were severe to moderate drought during 1998 and 1999, which was an El Nino year. A neural network based (ANN) model was developed as well to forecast drought in the near future, with the results of SWSI indices. The model generated was very precise and achieved a correlation co- efficient of 0.95. This proves that the created model can predict hydrologic droughts very close to the observed values. Overall, this study helps to understand the history of drought conditions of the past 30 years in the Langat river basin. It further helps to forecast drought and assist in water resource management.

103

Saturday 18 November 2017 1Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 2 Modelling adiabatic boiling of the Biliran Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia geothermal wells using CHIM-XPT

In north central Ethiopia, population John Paul Mendoza1, Maria Ines Rosana increase is forcing farmers to expand their Balangue-Tarriela1, Mark H. Reed2 land by clearing forests, bushes and scrubs 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, for crop cultivation, construction purposes University of the Philippines -Diliman, and for fuel as energy source. Therefore Quezon City (1101), Philippines the study has been carried to evaluate 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of changes in landuse/ landcover dynamics Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA and estimation of soil erosion in Gozamin Boiling is a very common process in catchment Amhara region Ethiopia, with geothermal wells where the primary water emphasis given to socio-environmental quickly ascends to the surface and impact that has occurred following the decreases temperature due to the change and related causes. It is very conversion of liquid water to steam. An important aspect of study so as to make assumption to this system is that there is no sound environmental management heat exchange between wall rock and strategies and land use planning. To this boiling water, thus it becomes isoenthalpic. end, digital image classification of remotely The study aims to determine the changes in sensed data i.e. Landsat images of 1972, the fluid composition of a particular well as 1986 and 1999 were carried out to it ascends to the surface and to identify produce six classes of landuse and which minerals would precipitate out of the landcover. Universal Soil Loss Equation solution at certain temperature conditions. (USLE), which considered the parameters This information is useful for producing including, Rainfall Erosivity Factor (R), Soil geothermal fields since issues such as Erodebility Factor (K), Slope Gradient scaling may be predicted and can be Factor(S), Slope Length Factor (L), Cover properly addressed. Using FORTRAN and Management Factor (C), and Programs SOLVEQ and CHIM-XPT, Conservation Practice Factor (P), is adopted adiabatic boiling was simulated for the to estimate soil erosion of the study area. normal enthalpy wells of Biliran Then, the final landuse maps and all these geothermal field. Results of theoretical thematic layers are prepared in a geothermometry for the wells are consistent Geographical Information System (GIS) with the reported silica geothermometers platform, following field verification and and fluid inclusion studies. Aside from the accuracy assessment. The results indicates steam phase, Well BN-1 formed chlorite that, there is sharp increase in cultivated and calcite (up to 170°C) in the initial land and grazing land, while there is a boiling process followed by kaolinite at sharp decrease in bare land, and bush lower temperatures. Well BN-2 precipitated land. The other interesting result gained mostly talc and calcite almost all from this particular study is that the forest throughout its ascent. Both of which are area coverage, which was only 3258.01 consistent with the alteration and scales hectare (1.8 %), has increased to reported in previous works. 4488.5764 hectare (2.5 %) of the total area. Finally map of soil erosion is Evaluation of land use/land cover prepared by GIS layers over lapping dynamics and estimation of soil erosion: A method which ultimately estimated soil case study in north central Ethiopia erosion rate of study area. The study revealed that 72607 hectare of the study Syed Ahmad Ali1, Teshome Tsegaw2 area is characterized by 0-12t/ha/yr soil

104

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

erosion rate; 90471 hectare of the study at 750°C for 3 hours made metakaolin area is characterized by 12-211t/ha/yr soil material so exhibit pozzolanic properties. erosion rate, whereas 16922 hectare of the Fly ash, metakaolin and alkali solution study area is characterized by greater than were mixed to produce a geopolymer 211t/ha/yr soil erosion rate. When material with ratio Si:Al = 4. The alkali estimated for soil erosion, it was found that solution used for the geopolymerization

out of the whole catchment, 169.22 km2 process was NaOH/Na2SiO3 with molarity area lies under high soil erosion rate. The variations 2M to 5M NaOH. The curing findings of this particular research suggest temperature was set at 60 ° C for 12 hours that land degradation expansion is major and the setting time is 14 to 28 days. change in the area which made larger Geopolymer samples formed were tested area to be unsuitable for agriculture and for compressive strength, density and appear as vacant land, due to failure of porosity. The best compressive strength was crop productivity. These land use/cover the sample with 5M molarity with 28 days changes in turn caused paramount impact setting time. The compressive strength upon the environment and livelihood of the value was 91.6 MPa with density of 2.04 people. Especially, land degradation which g/ml and porosity of 5.88%. The result of is intensifying itself in the area requires this measurement indicated that the fly immediate attention like afforestation ash/kaolin geopolymer has a great programs, terracing and other remedial potential to be developed much further in a solutions for the area. building sector.

The compressive strength analysis of fly Analyses of morphology and contaminant ash-Tatakan kaolin geopolymer to the composition on hydrocarbon contaminated molarity different of NaOH soil using Scanning Electron Microscope Gusti Rusydi Furqon Syahrillah1, (SEM) images at Woncolo Artisanal mining Muhammad Saukani1, Muhammad area, central Java Baihaqi1, Nurul Hidayat2 Eleonora Agustine1, Dini Fitriani1, Wahyu 1Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB, Faculty Srigutomo2, Ilma Danandika Dimawani1 of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jalan Adhiyaksa No 2, 1Department of Geophysics, FMIPA Banjarmasin, Indonesia Universitas Padjadjaran Sumedang, 2Universitas Negeri Malang, Faculty of Indonesia Mathematical and Natural Science, 2Department of Physics, FMIPA Institut Department of Physics, Jalan Semarang No Teknologi Bandung, Bandung Indonesia 5, Malang, Indonesia Geophysical survey at an artisanal mining The study of the comprehensive strength to area in Wonocolo, Central Java was the combination of fly ash and kaolin has carried out to identify changes in properties been conducted to initiate the research. Of of hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Miners the observation to chemical composition in in the area extract hydrocarbon fly ash and kaolin clay which was traditionally without imposing a proper characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), procedure of waste treatment. In a long it is showed that elements contained in the term, this situation causes health and fly ash (which was taken from coal environmental issues that affect the quality combustion waste of Asam-Asam power of people’s health in the area and its plant) were 44.58% Si and 6.38% Al, while surrounding. Soil samples were collected the kaolin (which was taken from Tatakan by coring from an area having sub-district, South Kalimantan) contained hydrocarbon contaminated soil and from 72.98% Si and 21,08% Al. Calcined kaolin an area having uncontaminated soil.

105

Samples with high electrical conductivity and storm surge. An important component (EC) values were extracted using strong of the ecotown approach is the vulnerability electromagnet to obtain magnetic grains assessment mapping phase. It was which then were then morphologically conducted in selected municipalities in analyzed using SEM. EDX analysis was Siargao Island and San Vicente, Palawan conducted also to obtain information on as an input to the formulation of climate the elemental contents of the samples. change-adaptive local action plan. Based on the results it is concluded that Vulnerability assessment was done on higher heavy metal contents (Fe and Ti) climate change-related events which were found in soil sampled at the include consists of drought, rain-induced contaminated area compared with that of landslide, storm surge, flood, and sea level the original soil. The contaminated soils rise. GIS-generated tables showed risk to will have round-shaped grains indicating the events to of various sectors including the characteristic of contaminated soil that agricultural, education, health, and differs from the morphology of natural and tourism. The pilot project shows how the uncontaminated grains that have ecotown approach promotes sustainable tetrahedral shape. The distribution of development in terms of environmental elements in samples also confirms the protection, natural resources conservation, contamination of the soil. To overcome this poverty reduction and social progress. It condition, it is suggested that a waste also enhances environmental protection treatment procedure using IPAL should be and natural resources conservation through implemented by miners in the area. the generation of accurate spatial information on the state of the environment Ecotown as an approach towards and natural assets. The approach results in sustainable development in the Philippines poverty reduction in terms of introducing sustainable livelihood activities with the Diomedes A. Racelis1, Elenita L. Racelis2, marginalized sectors of the local Angela A. Limpiada3 communities. The approach permits 1University of the Philippines Los Baños, climate-proofing of the various economic College of Forestry and Natural Resources sectors to minimize damages and losses (CFNR) Institute of Renewable Natural whenever extreme climatic events occur in Resources (IRNR) College, Laguna, the locality. Philippines, 4031 2 University of the Philippines Los Baños, Stable isotope fractionation concepts to College of Forestry and Natural Resources track in situ degradation of Training Center for Tropical Resources and hexachlorocyclohexane Ecosystems Sustainability (TREES) College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 1 1 3University of the Philippines Los Langping Wu , Yaqing Liu , Ralf 2 2 Baños,College of Forestry and Natural Trabitzsch , Holger Weiß , Ivonne 1 1 Resources Makiling Center for Mountain Nijenhuis , Hans H. Richnow Ecosystems (MCME) College, Laguna, 1Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Philippines, 4031 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental The ecotown approach was piloted in Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany selected municipalities in the Philippines to 2Department of Environmental Informatics, demonstrate how climate change is Helmholtz Centre for Environmental mainstreamed into sustainable local Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 government planning. The municipalities Leipzig, Germany were selected based on their high level of vulnerability to climate-induced natural Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) from the disasters such as flood, landslide, drought, former production of Lindane has spread around the globe and HCH are found in

106

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

remote areas and accumulating in arctic fractionation. food chains. The HCH are practically inert We will provide a brief overview on our to chemical degradation under typical ongoing work with respect to evaluation of environmental conditions and only the degradation processes of HCH in soils, biodegradation processes leading to sediments and aquifers at the scale of a elimination of HCH in the environment. landscape. Further the transformation of Thus it is interesting to characterise HCHs in food webs using compound biodegradation processes directly in the specific isotope analysis, enantiomeric environment and to link sources and sinks fractionation and enantiomer specific of HCH. isotope analysis will be discussed. α, ß, γ, δ and ε-HCHs are formed during photo-chlorination of benzene, of which α- Subsurface mapping of electrical resistivity appears as racemic mixture of 2 on leachate pond in Sarimukti landfill stereoisomers, γ-HCH is used as pesticide 1 1 and other isomers are waste products Dini Fitriani , Eleonora Agustine , Anggie 1 1 mostly dumped in the vicinity to the Susilawati , Mia Uswatun Hasanah , 1 2 production site. Anaerobic and aerobic Kartika Hajar Kirana , Diky Irawan S microbial degradation of HCH has been 1Department of Geophysics, Faculty of shown. Mathematics and Natural Sciences, We studied the stable isotope fractionation Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya HCHs in order to characterise degradation Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang processes in the environments. Reference 45363 2 experiments with cultures and enzyme Geostroom (D.I.S) assays were conducted with α-HCH for In waste disposal site with open dumpsite obtaining carbon isotope and enantiomer type, leachate is usually produced. fractionation factors for developing a Leachate is one of the pollutant sources for concept to analyse processes in field the environment since it could penetrate studies. The correlation of enantiomer and into subsurface. Sarimukti landfill is an isotope fractionation have some diagnostic open dumpsite waste disposal site. In potential for characterising the mechanism Sarimukti landfill, leachate from four waste of chemical and biological degradation dumping zones is channeled into a large processes. pond called stabilization pond for We selected Bitterfeld (Germany) and treatment before further processing. In this Lucknow (India) as the model site to study, we have applied electrical resistivity evaluate the potential to track degradation method to determine the magnitude of processes in the environment. Technical leachate resistivity and map subsurface HCH mixtures were produced in both areas electrical resistivity along leachate ponds for many years. Industrial wastes were and surrounding areas in Sarimukti landfill. buried in the site, eventually contaminating Subsurface mapping of resistivity could be regional aquifers. Waste water was useful to identify leachate migration. The discharged to local rivers and the measurements were performed with contamination was spread to agricultural Schlumberger configuration on 8 lines over soil due to storm water flooding, as well as the pond and and parallel to the pond. The by airborne transport of dust from result shows that leachate has a very small production sites. Reactive transport resistivity (<1Ωm). In addition, the processes governing HCH uptake from resistivity cross-section shows that there is contaminated soils into plants, and HCH leakage of the leachate around leachate accumulation in food and wild animals stabilization ponds. were investigated. These processes can be characterised by enantiomer and isotope

107

Effective utilisation rice husk to produce D- impregnation ratio of rice husk to acid xylose in Pakistan: An alternative to its solution were also optimised. Analyses land-filling to mitigate the associated were carried out using high performance environmental hazards liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Restek Pinnacle II Amino Column. Highest yield of 1, 2, 3 2 Ashfaq Ahmed , Arshad Chugtai , D-xylose was achieved as 36 wt% at Abdul Sattar2, Mujahid I. Alhinai1, Bacha hydrolysis temperatures of 100 °C and Rehman4, Muhammad S. Abu Bakar1, Rahayu S. Sukri4 optimised hydrolysis time of 3.5 hours, diluted acid concentration of 5 wt% and 1Faculty of Integrated Technologies, impregnation ratio of 1:6 between rice Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku husk to sulphuric acid solution. Study is Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam expected to provide a useful alternative to 2Institute of Chemical Engineering and the traditional disposing off methods for Technology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan rice husk, ultimately contributing towards 3Department of Chemical Engineering, the reduction of associated geological COMSATS Institute of Information hazards in terms of environmental Technology Lahore Campus Raiwind Road pollution. Lahore, Pakistan 4Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Estimation of environmental flow of Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri River for future water allocation and Begawan BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam management Pakistan is agriculture based economic Shahriar Shams1, Md. Abdul Matin2, country which produces huge quantity of Amimul Ahsan3, Rozeana Binti Hj. Md. rice husk every year causing serious Juani4, Guo Zhenren5 problems of its storage and dumping off. Traditionally, utilisation of rice husk 1Civil Engineering Programme Area, includes its land filling and direct Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB), Brunei combustion for energy production; Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong consequently, causing considerable BE1410 2 disposal and environmental problems in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Northern University Bangladesh, Sher the country. In this study, an effort have Tower, Holding #13, Road #17, Banani been made to utilize rice husk biomass C/A, Dhaka, Bangladesh effectively to produce D-xylose by adopting 3Dept. of Civil Engg., & Institute of hydrolysis process. D-xylose is valuable Advanced Technology, University Putra compound important for pharmaceutical Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia 4 and chemical industry. D-xylose is a type of Civil Engineering Programme Area, sugar and could be used as an alternative Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB), Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong to white sugar. It is a natural healing BE1410 agent, having antifungal and antibacterial 5Civil Engineering Programme Area, properties and is safe to use in the food Universiti Teknologi Brunei (UTB), Brunei stuff. Hydrolysis of rice husk was carried in Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong acidic environment using diluted sulphuric BE1410 acid solution which resulted in the The concept of environmental flows and its conversion of all carbohydrates to their application and enforcement is a major basic constituents. Different types of challenge in many developing countries. compounds and sugars were synthesised The services and benefits derived from with the D-xylose being the compound with ecosystem are worth and indispensable to highest yield percentage, reported up to 36 sustain the livelihood of people particularly wt%. The process parameters such as living in coastal area. Decision-makers hydrolysis time, acid concentration and often ignore ecosystems from water

108

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

allocation, as the supporters of ecosystems are less vocal as compared to other stakeholders. This study emphasis on establishing guidelines for maintaining the minimum amount of flow known as environmental flow of Brunei River for the sustainability of its rich ecosystem. In this study, the flow of Brunei River was simulated based on land use, climate change, potential growth of industries using Water Evaluation and Planning System, a computing tool. The study finds that the month of March and June (1.48 - 3.92 m3/s) are more vulnerable to low flow. The study recommends 2.7 m3/s as the threshold value for environmental flow for Brunei River in order to preserve its rich and diversified ecosystem. The threshold value has been selected based on 90% time exceeded stream flow. Successful enforcement and application of E-flows rely greatly on promoting awareness about the existing river conditions and the knowledge and interest of the stakeholders is vital. It is recommended that flow should be monitored every two weeks to check whether the flow is above the recommended threshold value. There should be a retention pond located upstream to augment the required flow to maintain the threshold value during dry period.

109

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

A study report on Clean Ganga Mission under Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan

1 2 Mehboob Nagarbawdi , Sajid Hundekar , Zaid Ahmed Shaikh3

1Department of Physics, Poona College, Pune – 411001

2Department of Geology, Poona College, Pune – 411001 3Department of Geology, Wadia College, Pune – 411001

Mahatma Gandhi wish to see a “Clean India”. To work towards this vision of Gandhiji, Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendre Modi launched the Swachh Bharat mission on October 2, 2014 and asked people from all walks of life to help in its successful implementation of this mission. The mission seeks to achieve the goal of clean India in the next 5 years. Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan is not just about cleaning surroundings but also seeking the participation of people in planting trees, creating a garbage-free environment, providing sanitation facilities all paving the way to accomplishment of the vision of “Clean India” by October 2, 2019 the th 150 birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, including, National Mission of Clean Ganga aims at nurturing the holy River back to life, and creating a safe and better ecosystem. River Ganga has been the source of physical and spiritual sustenance of Indian civilization for millennia. National Mission for Clean Ganga aims at nurturing the river Ganga back to life. To rejuvenate the river, National Ganga River Basin Authority ( NGRBA) has started the mission clean Ganga with a changed and comprehensive approach to champion the challenges posed to Ganga through four different sectors, namely , wastewater management, solid waste management, Industrial pollution and river front development.

110

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 calcareous microfossil foraminifera from Session 19: Remote samples at equivalent depth of two basins Sensing and (Cambay and Subathu) to support the field S03 evidences. Landsat 8 images of these three basins are downloaded from Geographic Earthexplorer.usgs.gov. and satellite image Information of Mahanadi basin is used for S04 reconnaissance study . All these three Systems in Earth basins are situated thousands of kilometers Sciences apart and in different tectonic settings. The S06 Chairperson: Afroz Ahmad Shah LANDSAT images are made a layer stack of bands 1-7 and a spectral library is

created using spectral profiles of the S07 ORAL PRESENTATIONS original subset image. Present study also intends to work out the geochemical history

Thursday 16 November 2017 by studying bulk Rock XRD, XRF of forty samples from equivalent depth and S08 Landsat satellite imagery: A new analyzing clay mineral slides of two basins. informative source in the palaeontological A noticeable thing is observed from the study: Case study of Mahanadi Basin, band ratios that the rock strata which held S09 Odisha, south eastern India the fossils like foraminiferal taxa (Rhabdammina, Pyrgo, Sigmoilopsis,

Swagata Chaudhuri1, Ajoy K Bhaumik1, Reophax, Nummulites, Assilina and Sarmistha Chowdhury1 Alveolina), ostracods and mammal tooth S10 are abundant in clay minerals and 1 Department of Applied Geology, Indian mineralogically comprise kaolinite, siderite, Ins6tute of Technology (Indian School of quartz, smectite. Medium to high quartz Mines), Dhanbad-826004, India S14 content and other detrital elements may Low-cost analysis of satellite image data support increased erosional power, Landsat 8 can be used efficiently for the manifested as a quantitative increase in ‘remote prospecting’ of a geological detrital flux for these basins. Thus remote S15 terrain for reconnaissance study. A sensing approach is successfully tested to systematic comparative study of LANDSAT find fossil producing region with cost and images and representative time efficiently and it becomes more S17 palaeontological-geochemical analysis prevalent in palaeontology, especially in from three basins of India, Mangrol-Valia the development of remote field areas. Lignite Mine section S18 (21°30'52''N:73°12'20.5''E) of Cambay Utilization of remote sensing for estimating Shale Formation, western India and Jigni geothermal prospective areas and power

section (33°14'45"N:74°22'0"E) from plant sites selection - a case study in Subathu Formation in northern India and Karanganyar district, central Java S19 Mahanadi Basin (20°16' N: 80°25'E) in Dheni Kusumarani1, M. Satya Danuartha2, south eastern part of India was undertaken Yazid Abdurrazzaq S2, Ahmad Faisal for landscape analysis of these successions. Faruq2, Fadhilatul Karimah3, Dr. Agung S20 As these areas are distinctly lacking Setianto, S.T, M.Si2 vegetation and other land cover (like water bodies), accuracy of received satellite 1Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, image data is maximum. The present work Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah S21 was carried out by studying bulk rock XRD, Mada 2 XRF, clay mineralogy and analyzing Department of Geological Engineering,

111

Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Mada 2 University Technology of Petronas, Faculty 3Vocational School, Universitas Gadjah of Geosciences and Petroleum Engineering, Mada Petroleum Geoscience Department, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia Indonesian government’s roadmap plan on energy has focused on geothermal Understanding hydrocarbon migration is development, as the country holds 40% of one of the importance step in hydrocarbon world’s geothermal researcrves. To exploration, since it could determine maximize the use of geothermal energy, whether one exploration project would be a thermal power plants need to be built success or otherwise. The hydrocarbon around some potential areas. This study migration modelling using geophysical intended to investigate the geothermal method may have limitation due to data potential area using remote sensing availability. Therefore, this study aims at technique in the region of Mt. Lawu located complementing hydrocarbon migration in Karanganyar district, Central Java. modelling using Geographic Information Landsat 8 OLI in thermal band is used in System (GIS) technology (ArcGIS) assisted this study. Based on radiometric by hydrocarbon field analysis software calibration, atmospheric correction, and PETREL to model secondary migration of emissivity calculation with NDVI threshold hydrocarbon in the north-eastern Malay method, split window algorithm is applied basin Malaysia. In petrel, seismic data was to retrieve the Land Surface Temperature interpreted to produce horizon which (LST) of the study area. The temperature indicated occurrence of hydrocarbon anomaly found in the area indicates the migration, then it is exported to ArcGIS for discovery of heat manifestation and with advanced processing, utilizing subsurface the discussion of regional geology and water flow modelling in it to model geothermal mechanism, the geothermal hydrocarbon modelling since it is assumed areas are identified. Land Surface secondary migration of hydrocarbon is Temperature retrieved from the algorithm similar to the surface water flow concept. shows some hot spots existence on the The difference lies in mechanisms and flow southwestern area of Mount Lawu. direction. While water flow direction is Jabolarangan Formation shows the downward due to gravity, hydrocarbon potential of geothermal reservoir and the migration on the other hand is upward regional structure of normal fault with the because it is driven by buoyancy and east-west direction shows the potential of capillary pressure, this scenario can be geothermal flow path, which is the most shown if the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) prospective area of Lawu. Combined with of the basin could be developed to physical and social data, Geographic simulate the profile of the Top of Group E Information System (GIS) is used as an Horizon. In the next step, this DEM was analysis tool to define suitable area for processed in ArcGIS using its 3D analysis geothermal power plant sites in the region. and spatial analysis to show secondary migration of hydrocarbon in the study Geographic information system area. Finally, all the data were overlaid to methodology for modelling secondary produce a map of secondary migration of migration of hydrocarbon: Example from hydrocarbon in north-east malay basin north-eastern Malay Basin, Malaysia Malaysia.

Rudini1, Abd Nasir Matori1, Jasmi Ab Utilization of satellite imaging for mapping Talib2, Abdul-Lateef Balogun1 potency of subsurface water in karst 1University Technology of Petronas, Faculty region, Pacitan, Indonesia of Engineering, Civil and Environment Engineering Department, 32610 Seri

112

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

Ayi Syaeful Bahri1, Diptya Mas Nugraha1, data itself already poses problems mainly Adib Banuboro1, Moch. Fauzan Dwiharto1, due to instability along slopes. Engineering Nizar Dwi Riyantiyo1, Robi Alfaq Abdillah1 geologists often resort to mechanical tools, but this does not decrease the risk of 1 Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, danger. This paper provides a solution to Faculty of Civil Environmental and Earth alleviate manual measurements along Engineering, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Jalan Arief Rahman Hakim, dangerous slopes by applying a low-cost Surabaya, Indonesia digital photogrammetry technique (Structure-for-motion) by generating a Pacitan is an area located in southern part digital terrain model (DTM) derived from of East Java and adjacent to Central Java photographs obtained with the use of Province. The main problems of the area commercial cameras. Rock mass are the availability of water for daily characterization was executed using necessities and agriculture. The lack of COLTOP 3D by extracting the orientations water availability mainly occurred in the and measurements of major structural area of east and west of Pacitan. features. The methodology was applied to Theoretically, karst areas actually have a section of mine bench in the Didipio abundant subsurface water potency. Mines operated by OceanaGold Potency of water in the karst area is found Philippines, Inc. Results show that the in its subsurface rivers, which is the channel average values of discontinuity of water-filled caves. These conditions are measurements obtained from the characteristic of the complexity of Karst generated terrain models are comparable geohydrology, especially the Karst Region with the average of the geotechnical Pacitan. However, the search for measurements. Out of four major subsurface flow by direct tracing is almost geotechnical survey readings obtained impossible due to the wide coverage of the from Stage 6, two trends measured from region and the complex subsurface the photogrammetry-derived digital terrain topography conditions with difficult terrain. model (DTM), 72/346 and 61/112 are The purpose of this study is to map similar to the measurements 72/330 and subsurface rivers using satellite imaging 63/112 from the geotechnical data. In data (composite bands 4.5 and 6), landsat Stage 4, two of the three geotechnical images and regional geology of research measurements are in agreement with the areas. The expected outcomes of this DTM-derived measurements. Structural research are the recommendations of measurements: 81/208 and 70/348 spatial and area arrangement and the obtained from the simulations shows conservation of karst areas in Pacitan. congruence with measurements: 85/220 and 80/340 respectively, from the Structural analysis of Didipio open-pit mine geotechnical data. The results obtained wall using off-the-shelf digital camera presents good veracity, but higher accuracy Jan Albert Macario B. Galang1, Carmille M could be achieved should there be an axial arie J. Escape1, Romer Carlo T. Gacusan1, photograph sequence of the pit walls Lawrence T. Custodio1, Ma. Ines Rosana D. taken. Balangue-Tarriela1 Geodetic slip rates along Sumatran Fault 1 UP National Institute of Geological Zone (SFZ) estimated by using GPS Sciences, Oceana Gold Philippines campaign-mode surveys Exploration Corporation

Structural analysis of rocks is commonly Ashar Muda Lubis1, Iwan Hermawan2, Rio 1 2 2 performed to ensure operational safety of Saputra , Emma Hill , Kerry Sieh , and Nugroho Hananto3 open-pit mines. However, gathering of

113

1Department of Physics, Faculty of deformations at GPS sites due to recent Mathematics and Sciences, Bengkulu great earthquake in Sumatra. We removed University, Jl. WR Supratman, Kandang such these deformations from vector GPS Limun, Bengkulu, 38371, Indonesia deformations in order to obtain signal 2Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang deformation only from the SFZ. Based Avenue, Block N2-01a-15, Singapore, simple elastic model, we estimate that the 639798 slip rates vary along the segments of the 3Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, SFZ from 10-20 mm/yr. More data from Puslit Geoteknologi. JL. Sangkuriang, future survey campaigns will help us to Kompleks LIPI, Bandung 40135, Indonesia beber slip rates along SFZ. This estimation is important for future hazard assessment, The Sumatran fault Zone (SGZ) system is mitigation and planning purposes in the one of the perfect examples on studies region. about slip partitioning to accommodate the oblique convergence along the South East Asian plate boundaries. Previous studies suggest that the SFZ accommodates the strike-slip motion where its slip rate increases from South to North. However, recent study shows that the slip rates may not vary along the GSF. Therefore, in this research, we reinvestigate the distribution of slip rate along southern part of the SFZ using SuMo (Sumatran Fault Monitoring), a dense GPS campaign network to provide a beber understanding of segmentation and slip rates along the SFZ., During 2013- 2017, we have installed about ti0 GPS monuments from south to north of SFZ. The GPS sites are mainly selected on access to locations and based on rupture area of great historical earthquakes such us two great earthquakes occurred in Liwa in 1933 (M 7.5) and 1994 (M 7.0), at Sianok and Sumani-Suliki segments where historically the great earthquakes occurred in 192ti (Ms=7.0), 1943 (Ms=7.4), 2007 (Mw= ti.5) as well as the biggest earthquake at Angkola-Barumun segments of SFZ (M=7.7) in 1892.We have conducted several times campaign surveys on GPS stations (3-4 days of measurement for each occupation site). Field observation data were converted into RINEX file and processed using GAMIT/GLOBK sogware in order to obtain daily position for each GPS stations. The campaign solutions were combining with IGS-GPS solutions and merged into one unique solution, which was accurately mapped into the ITRF2008. We computed long-term viscoelastic

114

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

detected by the satellite images is <5 m. POSTER PRESENTATIONS Thus, combining low cost SSS and satellite imagery in mapping reefs can give a better Mapping coral reefs using low-cost side definition of the extent of the coral reef. scan sonar and satellite imagery in Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines

1 Paul Caesar M. Flores , Fernando P. Siringan1

1Geological Oceanography Laboratory, the Marine Science Institute, University of the

Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Coral reefs in shallow and clear waters are easily seen in satellite images. However, coral reefs and coral communities may extend to depths beyond 30 meters. Mapping these features beyond the reach

of satellite images are essential in management. Side scan sonars (SSS) which cost less than 1000 USD, can provide an acoustic image of the seafloor to depths of 40 m. Combined with spot optical images or grab samples, the side scan images can be used in mapping the seafloor. Masinloc is a municipality in the province of Zambales, Philippines that has well developed reefs in San Salvador and Magalawa Islands. Satellite images show

that reefs extend ~0.5 km from the western coast of San Salvador and ~1 km from

northern Magalawa. This study aims to determine the extent of these reefs using low-cost SSS. A dual-frequency SSS operating at 86/455 kHz was used to collect single-beam bathymetric data and sonar images of the seafloor. The bathymetric data was then interpolated using kriging method. The SSS images were mosaicked and classified accordingly based on the type of substrate. The survey area is gently sloping and covers 2.34 km2

with a depth range of 1.5-117 m. SSS images show that the shallow reefs extend to depths up to 40 m, to a distance of ~0.5 and 0.75 km further offshore in western San Salvador and northern Magalawa, respectively. Overlaying the bathymetric data and satellite image indicate that water depth in the reef

115

S01

S02 Session 20: Artificial film could be good industrial mineral for IT-SOFC. Materials and S03 Synthesis and properties of YSr2Co3O8 Technology perovskite cathode for IT-SOFCs

Chairperson: Abul Kalam Azad Auji Afiqah Binti Mohd. Kamis1,*, Abdalla S04 M. Abdalla1, Shahzad Hossain1, Nyuk Yoong Voo2 and Abul K. Azad1 ORAL PRESENTATIONS 1Faculty of Integrated Technologies, S06 Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Thursday 16 November 2017 Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam 2Centre for Advanced Materials and Energy Fabrication and characterization of Zn Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, S07 doped BaCe Zr Y O -δ industrial 0.7 0.15 0.15 3 Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, based thin film proton conducting minerals Brunei Darussalam for IT-SOFC YSr Co O pervoskite structure was S08 2 3 8 Ahmed Afif1, Abul K. Azad1, Mridula prepared by standard solid state reaction Biswas2, Juliana Zaini1 at 1200 ºC for application in Solid Oxide

Fuel Cells (SOFCs). The structural and 1 S09 Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of thermal characterizations have been Integrated Technologies, Jalan Tungku Link, performed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam

2Defiant Renewables Pvt. Ltd. Pune, India Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), S10 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Considering high proton conductive and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). chemically stable electrolyte materials is the Rietveld analysis of the XRD data shows the key to develop proton conducting solid material crystalizes in tetragonal symmetry S14 oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate in the P4/mmm space group with the cell temperature. Wet chemical sintering route parameters: a =3.8197(2) Å, b = offers the opportunity to fabricate very thin 3.8197(2) Å and c = 11.4331(1) Å. The S15 electrolyte films than traditional powder- TG/DTA experiment was performed under based materials. A novel method for the constant flow of nitrogen gas which exhibits preparation of a thin film proton- a gradual weight loss at 300 oC up to S17 conducting electrolyte is presented. The 1000 oC, in a good agreement with the present work deals with the fabrication of 5 literature. The SEM images of the sample o % Zn doped BaCe0.7Zr0.15Y0.15O3-δ showed that the sample sintered at 1200 C

(BCZYZn15) thin film electrolyte. Electrolyte was porous structure and suitable to use as S18 materials were prepared by an acetate- cathode in SOFCs. Particle size methoxyethanol solution method and measurements showed that the particles examined by multilayer (4, 6, 8 times) vary from 7 to 11 micron. S19 coating on silicon and anode (NiO- BaCe0.7Zr0.15Y0.15Zn0.05O3-δ) substrate at different temperatures. A thin, dense, crack free BCZYZn15 electrolyte film was S20 successfully obtained on a dense anode by spin coating. Postmortem analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revels S21 that no crack on 6 layers coating at 1100°C. Furthermore, this work shows that,

Zn doped BaCe0.7Zr0.15Y0.15O3-δ dense thin

116

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

of the samples were emphasized on the POSTER PRESENTATIONS genetic relations of the minerals. The combination of the above mentioned Combined use of remote sensing data, laboratory analyses with the spectroscopy mineralogical analyses, microstructure completed the detailed characterization of studies, spectroscopy and Geographic studied samples. The laboratory results Information System for geological mapping revealed that specific corrections should be of Antiparos island (Greece) made in the previous geological map of Konstantinos G. Nikolakopoulos1, Antiparos concerning the volcanic rocks Paraskevi Lampropoulou1, Dimitrios especially at the south part of the island. Papoulis1, Aikaterini Rogkala1, Panagiota Significant conclusion is that the rock P. Giannakopoulou1, Petros Petrounias1 described as volcanic in the previous map, proved to be a fossiliferous limestone 1University of Patras, School of Natural which includes micritic matrix of calcite with Science, Department of Geology, Rion,GR- an insignificant amount of fossils. It should 26504 Patras, Greece be noted that, the presence of dickite, a This study presents the combined use of mineral which is formed in temperatures field mapping, remote sensing data about 200oC, shows that the rocks are analysis, mineralogy, spectroscopy and GIS hydrothermally altered. All the analogical techniques for the geological mapping of and digital data and the results of the Antiparos Island. Antiparos consists part of petrographic analysis were imported in a the Cyclades Blueschist Belt located in the geodata base specially designed for central Aegean, where gneisses, schists geological data. After the necessary and Pliocene volcanic rocks occurred. topological control and corrections the During the extended field work, a number data were unified and processed in order of volcanic rock samples were collected to create the final layout at 1/25.000 scale. from the South part of Antiparos. The Surface chemistry-microstructure-rheology sampling strategy was to collect samples of washed titania and zirconia suspensions from the primary as well as the altered

rocks in specific areas previously located Pek-Ing Au1, Yee-Kwong Leong2, Wendy from the remote sensing data processing. Pei-Qin Ng1 In this study, high resolution satellite 1Department of Chemical Engineering, images have been carried out in order to Curtin University Malaysia detect, allocate and separate the different 2School of Mechanical and Chemical geological formations. Furthermore the Engineering, the University of Western existing geological map was Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia georenferenced and all the tectonic lines and boundaries were digitized. All these Mineral ores from different deposits display features were implemented in a Mobile different physical and chemical properties. Mapper CE GPS using Arcpad GIS and The motivation of this study was to checked in situ. The collected samples were understand the relationship between analyzed in the laboratory using various rheology and microstructure of relatively techniques including XRD, Petrographic size-monodispersed oxide suspensions Microscopy, SEM and IR-Spectroscopy. The particularly under the effect of changing qualitative mineralogical analyses were surface chemistry. The knowledge and conducted by using XRD. The study was understanding of such inter-relationship supplemented by the petrographic are still limited due to a lack of definitive observations providing a detailed microstructure data. Often, the surface characterization of rock textures. In chemistry conditions were not specified addition, SEM study and SEM-EDS analyses even though it determined the type of

117 aggregation process and the microstructure obtained for both washed ZrO2 and TiO2 formed. In this study, the rheological suspensions. parameter, including zeta potential and yield stress, of washed ZrO2 and TiO2 suspensions were characterized under changing pH conditions. The mechanical strength of the oxide suspensions correlated well to the surface charge properties. A consistent maximum yield stress at pH ~7 was detected for TiO 2 suspensions at all solid loadings, which was also the location of isoelectric point.

On the other hand, ZrO2 suspensions exhibited a similar yield stress-pH behaviour as TiO2 but over a different pH range. The pH range for flocculation appeared to be narrower than that of TiO2. The yield stress decreased with pH on either side away from the isoelectric point corresponded to the increasing surface charge density. The yield stress was also found to be dependent upon both the particle size and shape. At a given solid concentration, the finer suspensions of

ZrO2 produced a larger yield stress than

TiO2 due to the higher particle concentration, and hence a greater density of attractive interaction in the gels.

The vitrified microstructures of ZrO2 and

TiO2 suspensions under different surface chemistry conditions were captured by cryo-SEM. The network structure remained unaffected despite the changing surface chemistry. The rough surface nature of ZrO2 and TiO2 promoted particle interaction resulting in large, irregular shaped, and compact aggregates being formed and arranged in a manner with significant inter-aggregate porosity. Inter- aggregate void and surface roughness played an important role in strengthening the aggregate structure of relatively spherical particles in highly concentrated suspensions. The yield stress-volume fraction data of all suspensions (at all pH) obeyed a power law model with an exponent value of ~3. This exponent value is related to fractal dimension Df of the gel by scaling theory. Df values of ~2.3 was

118

Friday 18 November 2017 S01

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017 S02 is robust to dirty data and simple to deploy. Session 21: General It is based on the ‘crawl and index’ Session algorithms used by Google in its search S03 engines and consists of a periodic search Chairpersons: Owais Ahmed over a number of drives to identify files of Malik & Mohamed Abdul Salam interest and index the data within these. An additional step of tagging the metadata S04 within the files is used to add the ability for ORAL PRESENTATIONS files to recognise themselves and flag themselves for inclusion in future searches. S06 Saturday 18 November 2017 This creates what is known as 'semantic interoperability’ and it essentially turns any Simple solutions to big data problems to disk, such as the C drive on a PC, or enable deployment of analytical tools collection of disks into an intelligent smart S07 across disciplines database. The search function then knows

Stephen Tyson1, Morteza Jami1 which files on your disk, or your organisation’s disks, contain information S08 1University of Technology Brunei on for example, wells, and of these which Darussalam, Faculty of Engineering, files, .LAS, .docx, .pdf, .xlsx and so on, Department of Petroleum and Chemical contain information on any particular well. S09 Engineering, JalanTungku Link, BE1410, The semantic interoperability then allows Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam the user to issue queries such as; “get all

Petroleum companies are increasingly the information within a 10km radius of looking to solutions offered by analytical well ‘A1’, put a copy of this in a new folder S10 tools that have been developed by and create a basemap”. Moreover, the companies such as Google to investigate scanning step can optionally test each of very large amounts of diverse data in an the files for compliance and flag those files S14 effort to reduce expenditure since the oil with incomplete metadata like the SEGY or price downturn that started in late 2014 LAS headers. and reached a low of less than $30/barrel A set of simple tools will be presented that S15 in January 2016. Discussions with technical add semantic interoperability to disparate staff in petroleum companies and datasets and to provide basic querying and

government organisations dealing with mapping support. large volumes of data, particularly from S17 Perceptions on greening existing buildings unconventional reservoirs which typically

have significantly higher numbers of wells M Motiar Rahman1, Zubair Abu Bakar1, than conventional fields, suggest that their Nadhirah Jaya1, and Nuratikah Mohamad1 S18 experiences with ‘big data’ solution 1 providers have been unsatisfactory due to Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei the complexity of the heterogeneous data. Darussalam These complexities include problems S19 Emerging trend of geosciences focuses related to data cleaning and quality control on climate change and sustainable and multiple interpretations of data. development, among others. Green Conventional solutions, such as only building, on the other hand, adopts the S20 looking at the sanitised data, miss concepts of sustainable development and important insights and manually checking focuses on reducing CO emission, which old data that exists outside corporate 2 is one of the major causes of climate relational databases is expensively time- S21 change. Green building, is therefore, consuming. directly linked to the topics of ICES2017. An alternative technique is proposed which

119

Green building is the practice of creating example, consultants consider the benefit structures and using processes that are “increase in building value” ranks 4, environmentally responsible and resource- compared to rank 12 by clients. However, efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle the outcomes are largely similar to from siting to design, construction, elsewhere. On the whole, the outcomes operation, maintenance, renovation and show a general awareness of the deconstruction. This practice expands and respondents to the overall benefits of complements the classical building design greening existing buildings. Such outcomes concerns of economy, utility, durability, and are expected to inspire the clients to comfort. Green buildings also offer undertake more greening projects, e.g. different types of economic, social and when they will consider retrofitting or environmental benefits, which are, again, renovation works. the core proposition of sustainable development. As such, the practice of Factors deterring sustainable construction green building is globally getting increased M Motiar Rahman1, Muhd U’kasyah bin attention day-by-day. However, it is Omar1, Nurul Atikah binti Rahim1 relatively new in Brunei, and the industry participants appear not to be widely aware 1Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei of this. As the concept implies, Darussalam implementing green building is better Sustainable development (SD) provides a suited through constructing new buildings, framework, which recognises that which requires considerable investment, development to be based on efficient and especially by demolishing existing ‘non- environmentally responsible use of natural green’ buildings. Despite the fact that resources, to satisfy human needs and existing building stocks were constructed improve quality of life, including the use of using conventional methods and utilised raw construction materials, water, and older technologies; but they are in good energy, as well as production of waste, and conditions and are economically viable to emission of gases responsible for climate be used for another 15-20 years. change. These are within the scope of Demolishing those buildings is therefore earth sciences in general, and geosciences argued to be wastage of resources. An in particular, and are therefore directly alternative is to ‘greening existing related to sustainable construction (SC), as buildings’, i.e. to equip the existing SC refers to the application of SD principles buildings with ‘green features’. A study in construction. SC helps to minimise the was therefore undertaken to generate use of raw materials, energy and water; to and/or gauge the awareness of green reduce the emission, waste and pollution to building in Brunei, through identifying and the environment; as well as to protect assessing the key benefits of greening employees’ and occupants health and existing buildings over constructing new safety. For such wider and proven benefits, ‘green buildings’. This paper presents the SC is being increasingly adopted in many outcomes of a questionnaire survey of 68 countries. responses, who are mainly clients and However, it is relatively new in Brunei and consultants. 15 benefits were identified, uptake is low. A study was therefore with “reduced energy / electricity undertaken to identify the factors, and consumption” topping the list, and assess their degree of importance, that “increase in building occupancy/usage deters implementing SC in Brunei. 62 rates” at the bottom. Clients and factors were identified, in seven groups, consultants broadly agree on the related to people, cost, time, technology, importance levels of 10 benefits, but market, legislations/regulations, and disagree on other five benefits. For industry/external environment. A structured

120

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

questionnaire survey collected data on the Rendah, Penapar and Pasir Putih substation importance levels of those 62 factors from sites in the Tutong district of Brunei 110 responses from Brunei construction Darussalam, where, the earthing industry participants. All the factors were resistances with charcoal and ash are found as considerably important, with measured to be 2.03 Ohm and 0.71 Ohm, highest importance index of 0.806, and 0.57 Ohm and 10.9 Ohm, 1.9 Ohm and lowest importance index of 0.653. With a 5.39 Ohm respectively. The CYME GRD few exceptions, the three groups of software is used to determine the rms respondents (i.e. clients, consultants and errors between the measured and contractors) consider the importance levels calculated soil resistivity and these values of individual factors largely in the same are found to be 1.18% and 0.13%. In way. However, factors within ‘people’ addition, feed-forward back-propagation group are seen with higher importance artificial neural network has been used to over other groups of factors, and those estimate the earthing resistances and good within ‘market’ group with lowest agreements are found between actual and importance. On the whole, the outcomes predicted results in case of charcoal. highlighted the key areas to focus on. It is expected to help the policy makers in designing suitable strategy, and thereby help implement SC in Brunei construction.

ANN estimation and improvement of resistance of existing earthing system using additive materials

M. A. Salam1, Q. M. Rahman2, Fushuan Wen1, Syeed Hasan2, Md Aminul Islam3, Owais A. Malik3, G. K. Han1

1Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 2Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University Canada, London, ON, Canada 3Faculty of Science, University Brunei Darussalam

Maintaining a minimum value of the earthing resistance is an important task. This paper deals with the measurement and improvement of the existing earthing resistance at some selected sites using charcoal and ashes as additive materials. The measurement of the soil resistivity has been carried out using F Wenner four pole equal method. For soil resistivity measurement, Fluke 1625 Advanced Earth Tester equipment was used. The investigation in terms of soil resistivity is carried out in and around at the Sekolah

121

Simulation on cooling and freezing POSTER PRESENTATIONS simulation of sand with flowing pore water

Textural characterization and evolution of a Rangga Adiprima Sudisman1, Masahiko speleothem from Perama Cave, Ioannina, Osada2 Greece 1Universitas Pertamina, Masahiko Osada 2 Alkmini Tzoumaka1, Elena Ifandi1, Basilios Saitama University Tsikouras2, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou1 Freezing pipes are often used as heat exchangers in artificial ground freezing 1 , Department of Geology, Section of Earth Materials, GR- practices. Numerical simulations with Finite 265 00 Patras, Greece Element Method have been conducted to 2 Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of evaluate the reliability of the surface Science, Physical & Geological Sciences, thermal measurement experiment of sand Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, with flowing pore water due to a cooling Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam and freezing pipe. Besides, simulations are also required for confirming the effect of This research focuses on the evolution of a high velocity water flow to the frozen body stalactite from the Perama Cave, Ioannina, formation. It is conducted by combining the in northwestern Greece. Microtextures were Brinkman equation with the heat studied using polarising macroscope, convection and heat conduction equations whereas Secondary Electron Images (SEI) for porous media. The authors used were used as a corroborate method for COMSOL 5.2 software to calculate the flow results evaluation. Four main phases were velocity and temperature in a two- observed in the stalactite. These phases dimensional model of the x-y plane of the display columnar (C), columnar open (Co), surface thermal measurement experiment. columnar elongated (Ce), columnar microcrystalline (Cm), micritic (M), Preliminary study on the potential frost microsparitic (Ms), replacive microsparitic heave development in the freezing of (Msmra) and mosaic (Mc) calcite fabrics. saturated sand around a freezing pipe The stalactite is dominated by Cm and Msmra fabrics. Particularly, in the first Rangga Adiprima Sudisman1, Masahiko phase, Ce, C, Mc and less Msmra and Ms, Osada2 were observed. In the second phase the 1 presence of Msmra and Ms is increased, Universitas Pertamina, Masahiko Osada 2Saitama University while in the third and fourth phases the growth of large calcite crystals with A preliminary experimental method that predominant Cm and Msmra fabrics focuses on the frost heave development appear. Moreover, mineral microanalyses and freezing deformation around a with Electron Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) vertically buried freezing pipe is conducted. combined with Fourier-Transform Infrared Deformation may occur due to the upward spectroscopy (FTIR), showed that this fluid movement and freezing expansion of speleothem is mostly composed of pure pore water. This preliminary experiment calcite whereas minor Mg-rich calcite and aims to evaluate the applicability of 3D scarce dolomite are present in some of the laser scanning method for monitoring the growth phases. The combined use of these spatial changes around a freezing pipe. procedures proved to be useful in the This preliminary experiment combines identification of the complicated growth freezing process, thermal measurement, mechanisms of this speleothem, as it is and surface profile monitoring of sand denoted by the large variety of fabrics specimen, while the seepage flow does not identified.

122

Friday 18 November 2017

fhjsjxsxksFriday 18 November 2017

apply. The result shows that there is a recent years. To investigate if there are significant ice development near the deviations in the typhoon tracks, the surface around the pipe. However, further overlap of the land area traversed by TCs investigation is required to define the in consecutive years were measured. cause of the deformation. Besides, a Results show that deviations from the path comprehensive thermo-hydro-mechanical often happen during years when there is freezing experiment method is proposed an observed increase in sea surface based on the combination of freeze-flow temperature. This may indicate that global experiment and the evaluation of this warming or in a long time frame, climate preliminary experiment. change, may have caused the TC track deviation. Results also showed that less Track analysis of tropical cyclones entering intensity TCs occur during seasons of La the Philippine land area in the period Niña. Moreover, as a result, we created 1945-2015 hazard maps based on TC frequency and areas with high occurrence of TC in the Carlo Martin M. Marfori1, Marisol P. Philippines were identified. Martinez1, Ranzivelle Marianne L. Roxas- Villanueva1

1Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 Laguna, Philippines

The Philippines is one of the most exposed countries in the world to tropical cyclones (TC). Tropical cyclones cause destruction that affects a country’s economy and environment. Researches have been conducted to observe the formation and movement of a TC. These may help to improve forecasting of the TCs path and intensity which may prove beneficial in preparation and prevention of worst case scenarios in its aftermath. In this study, we use Quantum Geographic Information System to perform spatiotemporal analysis on TC tracks from 1945 to 2015. The TC tracks retrieved from Unisys Weather have a 6 hour interval between each point. The tracks were constructed by connecting the points and intersecting the resulting lines with the provincial layer of the Philippines. This intersection was able to provide attribute data used for analysis. The plots and maps show that the northern parts of the Philippines experience more tropical cyclone than the southern parts. Moreover, a higher average of tropical cyclone occurrence is present in recent years. The deviation from the average frequency of tropical cyclone was also observed in the

123

S18