Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Annual Report 2008

The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine The last year was also marked by quite extensive discussions and certain progress in the direction of creation of international nuclear fuel bank under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Thus, the temptation to build new capacities on isotope enrichment of uranium may be overcome. It should be noted, that the last year was the year of 55 anniversary of the prominent speech of the United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the session Dear Readers! of the UN General Assembly on December 8, 1953 (The This report was prepared by the State Nuclear text of Dwight Eisenhower’s speech is given I Annex 1). It Regulatory Committee of Ukraine to provide objective was the speech, where the idea of an international nu- and, to the extent possible, comprehensive information clear fuel bank was first announced, which put a corner concerning the status of nuclear and radiation safety stone in its foundation. in our country for the last year. The year 2008 brought In Ukraine there were no remarkable events in certain changes to the status of nuclear power industry 2008 in the area of nuclear power use. No new units and attitude to it both in Ukraine and in the world. were commissioned, and no new construction was In the world, the year 2008 was perhaps the most started. Nevertheless, certain progress can be re- intensive among the last years, regarding the dis- ported. Nuclear fuel was completely discharged from cussions about nuclear power renaissance and new all three Chornobyl NPP Units. For today, the rest of constructions. Twenty four of thirty NPP-operating the fuel is stored in the storage facility SFSF-1 and at- countries supported the idea of new power units’ reactor cooling ponds of units 1-3. The construction of construction, and about 55 countries that had no the facility LOT-3 was completed, which is a specially NPP on their territories, expressed their will to have equipped near-surface disposal facility for solid radio- them in future. Meantime, the year 2008 was the first active waste, and a procedure was started to license it one for many years when not any new unit was put for further operation. into operation. In 2008 the last years’ tendency of decreasing the number of incidents in the NPP operation was main- tained, and the number reduced to 22 (against 25 in 2007). The fist time for many years the nuclear safety issues were considered at the top national level – at the National Security and Defense Board, which was a start- ing point for important government decisions aimed at the enhancement of nuclear and radiation safety.

Chairperson of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Uktaine

Olena Mykolaichuk

1 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

List of Abbreviations Table Of Contents ChNPP – NPP NSCKPI – National scientific centre " Physics/ 1. EFFECTIVE LEGISLATION – CONSTITUENT PART OF EFFICIENT NUCLEAR CMU – Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine technical Institute" REGULATORY SYSTEM...... 4 ETС – Emergency Technical Centre PE – Public Enterprise FCM – Fuel-Containing Masses PPS – Physical Protection System 2. STATE REGULATION IN THE AREA OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE ...... 7 FA – Fuel Assembly SO – Scheduled Outage FE – Fuel Element RA – Regulatory Act 3. SAFETY OF NUCLEAR ...... 16 FS – Feasibility Study Radwaste – Radioactive Waste Nuclear Energy in Fuel and Power Complex of Ukraine ..... 16 IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency RIA – Risk-Informed Approaches Radiation Safety and Radiation Protection of NPP Personnel ..... 17 IAMS – Shelter integrated automated monitoring RNPP – Rovno NPP NPP Operational Events ..... 20 system RWDP – Radioactive Waste Disposal Point ICSRM – Industrial Complex for Solid Radioactive SA – State Association Upgrading and Safety Improvement of NPP Units ..... 20 Waste Management SAR – Safety Analysis Report Post-Commissioning Upgrading Measures at Khmelnitsky-2 and Rivne-4 ..... 23 IEC – Information/Emergency Center SE – Separate Entity Extension of NPP Power Units Operation Beyond the Design Lifetime ..... 24 INES – International Nuclear Events Scale SEIAS – State emergencies informational and IRS – Ionizing Radiation Source analytical system 4. SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT...... 26 KhNPP – Khmelnitsky NPP SFA – Spent Fuel Assembly Spent Fuel Management at Operating NPP ..... 26 KNRI – Nuclear Research Institute of the National SFSF – Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel Spent Fuel Management at Chornobyl NPP ..... 26 Academy of Sciences of Ukraine SINEI – Sevastopol Nuclear Energy and Industry LRTP – Liquid Radwaste Treatment Plant Institute 5. RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT...... 28 MFA – Ministry of Foreign Affairs SIP – "Shelter" Implementation Plan Radioactive Waste Management at Operating NPPs ..... 28 MFE – Ministry of Fuels and Energy SISP – State Interregional Specialised Plant Management of Radwaste from Ionizing Radiation Sources ..... 31 MH – Ministry of Health SNF – Spent Nuclear Fuel MHB – Multi-Place Hermetical Basket PSA – Probabilistic Safety Analysis Radioactive Waste Management in the Exclusion Zone ..... 32 MJU – Ministry of Justice of Ukraine SRW – Solid Radioactive Waste 6. SHELTER TRANSFORMATION INTO ECOLOGICALLY SAFE SYSTEM. MUE – Ministry of Ukraine for Emergencies and Affairs ICSRM – Solid Radioactive Waste Management of Population Protection from Consequences of the Industrial Complex CHORNOBYL NPP DECOMMISSIONING...... 34 Chernobyl Catastrophe SSE – State Specialized Enterprise Shelter Safety State ..... 34 NASU SSTCNRS – State Science and Technical Centre For – National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Shelter New Safe Confinement ..... 35 NAEK "Energoatom" – National Nuclear Generating Nuclear and Radiation Safety Company "Energoatom" TACIS – Technical Assistance For The Commonwealth Shelter Structural Stabilization ..... 36 NI – Nuclear Installations Of Independent States Chornobyl NPP Decommissioning ..... 36 NM – Nuclear Materials URSS – Ukrainian Radiation Safety Standards Radioactive Waste Management at ChNPP ..... 37 NNPT – Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty VSC – Ventilated Storage Cask Radioactive Waste Management Infrastructure at Chornobyl NPP ..... 38 NPU – Nuclear Power Unit WWER – Water Cooled Power Reactor NPP – Nuclear Power Plant SUNPP – South Ukraine NPP 7. SAFETY IN USE OF IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES ...... 40 NSC – New Safe Confinement ZNPP – Zaporizhzhya NPP 8. URANIUM MILLING SAFETY ...... 44 9. EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS ………...... 46 10.ACCOUNT AND CONTROL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS ...... 48 11. TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ...... 50 12. FULFILLMENT OF INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS BY UKRAINE ...... 51 Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine, Report 2008 was approved by the Editorial Board of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine (SNRCU) consisting of: Olena Mykolaichuk, Chairperson of the SNRCU, Oleksiy 13. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION...... 52 Ananenko, Information Emergency Department of the SNRCU, Iryna Balalina, Assistant to the Chairperson – Press- Secretary of the SNRCU, Sergiy Bozhko, Deputy Chairperson of the SNRCU, Taras Kozulko, Head of Organizational and Analytical Support Division of the SNRCU, Evgen Kolishevskiy, Acting Director of Dniprodzerzhynsk Environmen- tal Non Profit Organization "The Voice of Nature", Olga Makarovska, Deputy Chairperson of the SNRCU, Andriy Mar- tinuk, Rivno Public Organization “Ecoclub”, Ivan Nekludov, General Director of the National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Mykola Pylypenko, Director of S.P. Grigoriev's Institute for Radiology, Volodymyr Skubenko, People's Deputies of Ukraine, Volodymyr Holosha, Deputy Minister of Emergencies and Affairs of Popula- tion Protection from the Consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe of Ukraine. The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine extends its appreciation to the IAEA for assistance in publishing Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine, Report 2008, as well as to Grygoriy Gromov, Director of SSTC NRS of the SNRCU, Ilona Zayets, Direcotr of the Center for Information Policy and Public Communication of National Nuclear En- ergy Generating Company “Energoatom”, Sergiy Pavlusha, Deputy Minister for Fuel and Energy of Ukraine, Viacheslav Sandul, Ukrainian Environmental Public Organization “Hortytskiy forum” – for taking the active part in the prepara- tion and drafting of this Report.

In the process of preparation of the Report the IAEA and UN web-sites materials were used.

2 3 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

ing, international standards, including the standards lishes safety criteria and requirements at all stages of Effective Legislation – of the European Community, documents and recom- the nuclear facility lifetime. mendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency The next step in the improvement of safety regula- (IAEA), Western European Nuclear Regulators Asso- tion of the nuclear facilities was approval of the "Nucle- Constituent Part Of Efficient ciation (WENRA), and other international safety orga- ar Safety Rules for Reactor Facilities with Pressurized nizations. Water Reactors". These "Rules..." establish general A characteristic feature of the rule-making activity requirements on the design, characteristics, and op- Nuclear Regulatory System of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee in 2008 erating conditions of reactor systems, as well as or- was systematic transition in the regulations from the ganizational requirements aimed at ensuring nuclear Development and Improvement of and was their co-author. Since Ukraine signed the strict prescribing approach accepted in the former So- safety at all stages of the nuclear facility lifetime. Regulatory Framework in the Area of Amendment to the Convention on Physical Protection viet Union, to a more flexible approach in which at the Bearing in mind the tasks put by the Energy Strat- Nuclear Energy Use of Nuclear Material, this Amendment was ratified on level of codes and standards, only the basic provisions egy of Ukraine on the period till the year 2030 (ap- September 3, 2008. that do not require frequent revision remain solid. proved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers By the beginning of 2008 a well-developed nuclear Ratification of the Amendment to the Convention Establishing of technical requirements, which corre- of Ukraine of 15 March 2006, No. 145-r) on commis- legislation system was created and put in force on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material will es- spond to the basic provisions rests with the operator sioning new power units of nuclear power plants, the in Ukraine. The main international conventions, sentially enhance physical protection, because the or another licensee. State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine put regulatory documents and standards are opened Amendment to the Convention on Physical Protection It is necessary to note that the State Nuclear Regu- into force the "Safety Requirements to Selection of for the public at the web site of the State Nuclear of Nuclear Material covers not only the nuclear materi- latory Committee of Ukraine developed a hierarchical Nuclear Facility Site". The "Requirements…" estab- Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, www.snrc.gov.ua , als, but also nuclear facilities, (nuclear power plants, pyramid of regulations and standards on nuclear and lish basic criteria on nuclear and radiation safety subsection "Regulatory Acts". nuclear research reactors, disposal facilities, etc.). radiation safety. The pyramid includes both high-level concerning the site selection for a nuclear facility, As an important event in 2008, the Parliament of The ratification of the Amendment to the Convention legislative documents (laws, international agree- defines external hazards, which restrict its location, Ukraine passed the On National Spe- on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material will fa- ments), and lower lever acts (enactments of the Cabi- put the requirements on suitability of a site for a nu- cial Ecological Program on Radioactive Waste Man- vorably contribute to the enhancement of nuclear en- net and the President, codes, standards, etc.). clear facility. agement, and the law of Ukraine On Revising Certain ergy safety and security use and international nuclear This hierarchical pyramid defines the scope of the In 2008 the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Laws of Ukraine on Radioactive Waste Management. non-proliferation regime. regulatory framework necessary to regulate nuclear Ukraine undertook measures to create a special regu- The National Special Ecological Program on Radioac- To implement the requirements of the Amendment and radiation safety, i.e. acts, which are valid current- latory framework for the safe use of ionizing radiation tive Waste Management is aimed at further improve- to the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear ly, acts needed to eliminate deficiencies, and acts to sources in medicine. Separate regulations in this area ment of the state policy and planning of further efforts Material the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of be revised and amended to eliminate duplications and are necessitated by peculiarities in the use of ionizing on the management of radioactive waste produced at Ukraine prepared, endorsed and submitted to the incompliance and to be harmonized with other regula- radiation sources and the absence of documents in nuclear power plants of Ukraine, uranium mining and Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine a bill "On Revising Cer- tions. the existing regulatory system on nuclear and radia- milling facilities, and other enterprises, institutions tain Laws of Ukraine due to Ratification of Amendment All the documents in the hierarchical pyramid are tion safety, which would specify requirements on qual- and organizations located on the Ukrainian territory, to the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear grouped in the following regulatory areas: ity assurance for the use of ionizing radiation sources as well as the radwaste generated during the Chor- Material". This bill has been submitted to the Supreme • regulation of the safety nuclear facilities at all in medicine. nobyl accident. The adoption of new law of Ukraine Council of Ukraine. The bill will serve to improve the stages of their lifetime; The two documents "Safety Requirements and "On Revising Certain Laws of Ukraine on Radioactive national legislation in the part of regulating and ensur- • regulation of the safety of uranium facilities; Conditions (Licensing Conditions) for the Application Waste Management" ensures establishing of the Na- ing physical protection of nuclear facilities and other • regulation of the safety of ionizing radiation sourc- of Ionizing Radiation Sources in Radiation Therapy, tional Radioactive Waste Management Fund for ra- sources of ionizing radiation, as a constituent part of es; and Requirements on Quality Management System dioactive waste produced at nuclear power plants of national security of Ukraine. • regulation of the safety of radioactive waste man- to Conduct Diagnostics and Therapy With the Use of Ukraine, other enterprises, institutions and organiza- To improve the licensing procedure in the area agement; Ionizing Radiation Sources" are the first one to fill the tions in Ukraine, and is aimed at fulfillment of Ukrai- of nuclear energy use, the State Nuclear Regulatory • regulation of the safety of nuclear materials trans- existing gap. During 2009-2011 it is planned to de- nian obligations according to the Joint Convention on Committee of Ukraine developed and submitted a port; velop other six regulatory documents to regulate the the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety draft law of Ukraine "On Revising Law of Ukraine "On • safeguards; safety of medical application of sources of ionizing of Radioactive Waste Management". Besides, this Law Authorizing Activity in the Area of Nuclear Energy Use" • physical protection of nuclear facilities, nuclear radiation. is aimed at enhancing the safety and protection of the to the Parliament of Ukraine. After this law is passed, materials, radioactive waste, other sources of As regards the regulatory framework on the safe- present and future generations against the hazardous the procedures for issuing permits will become more ionizing radiation. ty of radioactive waste, the following shall be men- impact of ionizing radiation from radioactive waste, predictable and transparent. Besides, the law estab- One of the most important directions of nuclear tioned: lowering the social and psychological tension related lishes liability of entities in the area of nuclear en- and radiation safety regulation is the state regulation In 2008 the "Requirements on Siting of Radio- to mitigation of the Chornobyl accident consequenc- ergy use for disregarding the licensing procedures or of the safety of nuclear facilities at all the stages of active Waste Disposal Facility" were developed and es, and providing favorable conditions for the safe use non-compliance of the conditions of conducting the their lifetime. Therefore development and approval by approved. The objective of this act is to establish of nuclear energy to increase living standards of Ukrai- activities, which according to the law are covered by the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine of requirements on the site selection for near-surface/ nian people. licensing procedures. The bill has passed through first "General Provisions of the Safety of Nuclear Facilities" geological disposal of radioactive waste, and to de- A number of international agreements entered into debate in the Parliament of Ukraine and is under prep- became an important event in the regulatory field. This termine a list of factors – natural and man-caused by Ukraine became a part of Ukrainian nuclear legisla- aration for the second debate. document replaces the former "General Provisions of events and processes, which shall be analyzed in de- tion. This is in particular the Convention on Physical In 2008 improvement of the regulatory framework Safety Assurance of Nuclear Power Plants" of 1999, termining the suitability of a site to serve as a natural Protection of Nuclear Material, which is an important in the area of nuclear energy use was continued. This and is the main document on the safety of nuclear barrier in the radwaste disposal system for the whole instrument of ensuring international security. Ukraine work was done on a systematic basis taking into con- power plants and a basic one for the development of period when the disposed radwaste remains poten- complies with the Convention requirements, and takes sideration the experience in regulatory activity and the regulatory pyramid in this direction. The General tially hazardous, especially for the period when the active part in implementation of its provisions. It was practice in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety in Provisions in compliance with the IAEA recommenda- engineering barriers have lost their protection prop- our country that among other 25 member countries Ukraine, international practice of the leading coun- tions define safety principles and objectives (funda- erties, which is important first of all for long-lived initiated the move of amendments to this Convention, tries, and also achievements of science and engineer- mental, administrative and engineering ones), estab- high-level radioactive waste.

4 5 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

The "Rules and Requirements on Long-Term Stor- age of Long-Lived High-Level Radioactive Waste Prior STATE REGULATION IN THE AREA to Disposal in Deep Geological Formation" estab- lish requirements and rules to ensure nuclear and radiation safety at all lifetime stages of a facility for OF NUCLEAR ENERGY USE long-term storage of long-lived high-level radioactive waste – siting, designing, constructing, operating and decommissioning. To enhance nuclear and radiation safety of radioac- Rovno NPP tive waste management operations, in particular dur- The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine Chorobyl NPP ing radwaste storage, and to prevent exceeding of the is the main competent central executive body that dose limits, the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee regulates nuclear and radiation safety in Ukraine. L' v i v KYIV Khmelnitsky NPP of Ukraine approved the "Requirements on Structure It was established by the President Decree in Kharkov and Content of Safety Analysis Report of Radioactive December 2000. Waste Storage Facilities". This act establishes the re- The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Kirovograd Dnepropetrovsk quirements for Safety Analysis Reports for radioactive Ukraine, as a regulatory body is independent from South-Ukrainian NPP waste storage facilities at all stages of their lifetime – institutions and organizations that conduct their ac- Zhovti Vodi designing, constructing, operating, and decommis- tivity in the area of nuclear energy use. According to Zaporozhje NPP sioning. international requirements the State Nuclear Regu- During the year 2008 the work on improvement of latory Committee of Ukraine as a regulatory body is the regulatory framework on physical protection of nu- responsible for issuing official permits, conducting clear facilities, nuclear materials, radioactive waste, regulatory activities, reviewing and making assess- and other sources of ionizing radiation was carried out ments, undertaking inspections and enforcement on a systematic basis. measures, as well as establishing safety principles, Sevastopol The "General Requirements on Physical Protection criteria, provisions and guides. Systems of Nuclear Facilities and Nuclear Materials ", The main functions of the State Nuclear Regulatory As of December 31, 2008, total number of the and "General Requirements on Systems of Physical Committee of Ukraine in the area of regulation of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee personnel Protection at Nuclear Materials Transport" were de- safe use of nuclear energy are: was 238 (with 54 vacancies including 21 - in head- veloped and put in force to determine the content of • Establishing safety criteria, requirements and con- quarter, and 33 - in regional inspections on nuclear organizational, legal, engineering and administrative ditions in the area of nuclear energy use (norma- and radiation safety). Gender and age distribution measures and procedure of their application by opera- tive regulation); of the SNRCU employees is presented in the dia- tors in determining, establishing and continuous func- • Issuing permits and licenses to conduct activities gram below. tioning of physical protection systems of nuclear fa- in this area (licensing); 70 % of staff members have higher technical edu- cilities and nuclear materials, and also by transporting • Conducting supervisory activity on observance of cation. They were employed by SNRCU after gaining entities at determining, establishing and continuous codes and standards on nuclear and radiation experience in industry, design and scientific institu- functioning of physical protection systems of nuclear safety (supervision); tions. Most of them previously worked in the area of materials for specific shipments. • Imposing sanctions stipulated by law in case of vio- nuclear energy use. To ensure further improvement of physical protec- lations (enforcement). In June 2008 the activity of the State Nuclear tion, nuclear materials control and accounting (MC&A) Regulatory Committee of Ukraine on compliance with at specific stages of the nuclear facility lifetime, the The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine the IAEA standards was assessed in the framework of document "Requirements on Structure and Content of regulates the safety of: independent IAEA mission "Integrated Regulatory Re- Physical Protection Plan of Nuclear Facility and Nucle- • 15 power units in operation at the territory of Ukraine: view Service" (IRRS). ar Material, and Physical Protection Plan for Nuclear – 6 Zaporizhya NPP Units As the IAEA Director of Division of Nuclear Instal- Materials Control and Accounting" was put in force. – 4 Rivne NPP Units; lation Safety, Mr. Philippe Jamet pointed out, the It establishes the requirements on structure, con- – 3 South-Ukraine NPP Units, IRRS mission in Ukraine was the first such mission tent, and procedure of development and approval of – 2 Khmelnitsky NPP Units; in the post-soviet countries, and the third full scope documents that confirm the ability of an applicant to • 3 Chernobyl NPP Units at the stage of Decommis- mission in the world (the first full scope mission conduct activity on physical protection, and MC&A in sioning; compliance with the law of Ukraine. • 2 Spent Fuel Storage Facilities in operation at Gender and age distribution Zaporizhya NPP and Chernobyl NPP, and the Stor- of the SNRCU employees age Facility is under construction at ChNPP site; • 2 research reactors; 13 28 35 • radioactive waste storage facilities and radioactive 13 waste management plants: 6 Specialized Enter-

prises "Radon", State Specialized Enterprise "Com- 18 37 plex", State Specialized Enterprise "Technocenter"; 32 28 32

• uranium milling plants; 2 • radioactive material transport through the territory under 27 28-34 35-45 46-54 above 55 of Ukraine; female male • use and production of ionizing radiation sources.

6 7 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

CHAIRPERSON On 28 August 2008 the State Nuclear Regulatory a part of the QMS of the State Nuclear Regulatory OF THE STATE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMITTEE Committee of Ukraine obtained the international Qual- Committee of Ukraine. OF UKRAINE ity Certificate that confirms compliance of the SNRCU To develop recommendations on pending issues quality management system with the ISO 9001:2000 and key directions of activity in the area of state regula- requirements concerning the regulatory services in tion of nuclear and radiation safety a special advisory FIRST DEPUTY DEPUTY Deputy Chairperson the area of nuclear and radiation safety. It was pre- body – the Board of the State Nuclear Regulatory Com- DEPUTY CHAIRPERSON CHAIRPERSON Chief State Nuclear ceded by an internal audit, and a pre-certification au- mittee was established and started its work. The Board Organizational CHAIRPERSON Safety Inspector dit performed by independent organization. performs its work in the format of meetings which are and Analytical of Ukraine Support Division The first stage of implementation of the SNRCU held not less than once in three months. The Board Physical Protection Nuclear Safety Radwaste Man- Central quality management system was completed. members are Chairperson of the State Nuclear Regula- Regulation Installation Safety agement and Decommis- Inspection The quality management system has become an tory Committee, respective Deputies (according to the Department Assessment sioning Department Department Directorate Economics, Finance integral part of a management activity of the State position), other SNRCU top executives, managers of en- and Accounting Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, which is terprises, institutions and organizations, that are under Department Performance Radiation State Inspection on Nuclear confirmed by proposals made during audits to up- the control of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee Control Information Technologies Safety and Radiation Safety at Division Emergency Department. Zaporizhya NPP grade quality guides and methodologies. of Ukraine, and also, upon agreement, Parliament Del- Department Personnel The next step will extend the quality management egates and leading scientists representing National and Occupational State inspection on nuclear Safety Division West State Inspection and radiation safety at system to cover on-site and regional insections of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU). Managers Safeguard Division on Nuclear Rivne NPP the SNRCU. In this regard "Schedule of measures on and experts from other central and local executive au- and Radiation safety implementing the quality management system and thorities, local self-governing authorities, Parliament State inspection on nuclear Legal Division State Inspection and radiation safety at ensuring its functioning in the on-site inspections and Delegates of Ukraine, representatives of enterprises, on Nuclear Khmelnitsky NPP the state inspections on nuclear and radiation safety institutions and organizations, public, and mass-media and Radiation safety according to the standard ISO 9001-2001 for 2008- may take part in the Board meetings as well. South State Inspection State inspection on nuclear Administrative and radiation safety at 2009" was approved. In 2008 11 meetings of the SNRCU Board were Service Sector International on Nuclear Cooperation and and Radiation safety Chernobyl NPP Besides, the quality officers were assigned in the held, at which more than 30 issues important to nucle- European Integration inspection offices, and along with the inspection ar and radiation safety were considered. In particular, Division South-East State Inspection State inspection on nuclear on Nuclear and radiation safety at heads they passed a special training course. The the discussions were focused on safety enhancement and Radiation safety South-Ukraine NPP quality management documents were modified con- of the operating NPP units, safety issues of radioac- Internal Audits sidering the feedback of their application in regional tive waste management at the Chernobyl site and in Sector North State Inspection on Nuclear inspections. In 2009 it is scheduled to perform in- the Exclusion Zone, ensuring the safety and security and Radiation safety ternal audits (including state inspections). Accord- of ionizing radiation sources in Ukraine, radiation con- Diplomatic North-West State Inspection ing to results of these audits the quality manage- ditions of the facilities of the former industrial corpo- Advisor on Nuclear and Radiation safety ment documents will be corrected. It is planned to ration "Pridniprovsky Chemical Plant", safe operation question the system users, and analyze the system of the research reactor WWR-M of the Institute for East State Inspection on Nuclear functioning by top management, make preparations Nuclear Research of NASU. and Radiation safety to certification of inspections and the certification Materials of the SNRCU Board meetings are avail- Central State Inspection of the quality management system of inspections as able for the public at the web site of the State Nuclear on Nuclear and Radiation Safety

was held in France in November 2006, the second The review of the regulatory activity was performed one – in Spain in February 2008). Mr. Jamet also on the following directions: legal framework and gov- mentioned that the State Nuclear Regulatory Com- ernment authorities, regulatory body functions and mittee of Ukraine successfully and in a very short authorities, radioactive materials transport, emer- term managed to prepare to IRRS mission, includ- gency preparedness, radioactive waste and decom- ing self-assessment issues, and compliance of the missioning, management system. activity with IAEA standards. The IRRS mission results were summarized in the The group of the Mission experts was headed by report, which contained 20 recommendations, 34 Chairperson of the State Nuclear Safety Authority of suggestions, and marked out 14 good practices. Czech Republic, Mrs. Dana Drabova. The group con- The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of sisted of 20 experts from the regulatory authorities Ukraine prepared respective Plan of Implementation of Finland, , Bulgaria, the USA, Belgium, Slovak of the IRRS mission recommendations and sugges- Republic, France, Hungary, as well as experts from tions. This document was approved by Resolution of IAEA, European Commission and an observer from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 8.10.2008, No. Japan. 1307-r. The Plan contains 17 measures that are to be During the Mission working meetings were held implemented during 2008 – 2010. The Ministry of in the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, Ministry of Health, Fuel and Energy, Ministry of Emergencies, Ministry of SSTC NRS, NAEK Enegoatom, South-Ukraine NPP, Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Finance, Specialized Enterprise "UkrDO "Radon", "Grygoriev In- Ministry of Legal Affairs, and the State Committee stitute for Medical Radiology", and "Marzeyev Institute for Consumer Standards are engaged in the "Plan of for Hygiene and Medical Ecology". Implementation…" activity. The IAEA IRRS Mission to Ukraine, chaired by Mrs. Dana Drabova (Czech Republic)

8 9 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, www.snrc.gov.ua , Ukrainian experts there are Grigory Kopchinsky, Myko- decisions adequate to the current challenges and tions, proposals and comments made by members subsection "Activity". la Shteinberg, Anatoly Kryat, Nur Nigmatullin, Anatoly tasks of the society and technology development. of the Public Council were taken into consideration Demyanenko, and Andrey Serdiuk, among the interna- 4th of December 2008, Reactor Safety Council’s in the work of the State Nuclear Regulatory Commit- Advisory and consultancy functions at SNRCU are tional team there are Volodymir Asmolov, Larissa Ego- meeting considered the following issues: tee of Ukraine. fulfilled also by Scientific and Technical Council, Reac- rova, Victor Sidorenko from Russian Federation, Jur- • Safety as a basis for approval of the decision on Representatives of the Public Council actively par- tor Safety Council, and the Public Council. gis Vilemas from Lithuania, Rolf Janke from Germany, lifetime extension of NPP units; ticipated in the public actions that were held by the The main task of Scientific and Technical Council Borys Georgiev from Bulgaria, and Josef Mishak from • licensing of new NPP units. State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, the (STC) as an advisory body of the State Nuclear Regu- Czech Republic. Public Council opinion was regularly presented at the latory Committee of Ukraine is making proposals Mykola Shteinberg was elected as the Head of the Reactor Safety Council recommended to the State meetings of the SNRCU Border. As an example, 27 concerning determination of scientifically justified Reactor Safety Council, and Victor Sidorenko (Russian Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine to perform May 2008 the members of the Public Council took policy, aimed at solving the problems in the top di- Federation) and Rolf Janke (Germany) were elected as comprehensive analysis of the legislative and regula- part in the joint field meeting of the SNRCU Border rections of development of the state nuclear regula- his Deputies. tory basis in force, which determines or impact on li- and the Committee of the Supreme Council of Ukraine tory system, discussing the most important issues The countries of the European Union already have censing procedures for nuclear power units. On the ba- on the issues of ecological policy, use of natural re- of scientific and engineering achievements aimed to the experience of work of such consultative councils, sis of the analysis the measures should be developed sources and elimination of the Chernobyl accident enhance the safety, and also preparing conclusions and apply this form of constructive interaction with to unlock licensing process in Ukraine. It is necessary consequences. The meeting was focused on the eco- and recommendations for top management of the responsible authorities persons with the aim to make to have the licensing process clear and transparent logical and social consequences in area of the former State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine con- to all participants including the public. The process industrial corporation "Pridniprovsky Chemical Plant" cerning improvement of the regulatory practice in the Brief biographical notes: of licensing shall be aimed first of all at licensing of in Dneprodzerzhinsk town. area of nuclear and radiation safety, formation of the M. Shteinberg after graduating Moscow Power Engi- facilities with the proven safety level. The procedural In the framework of IRRS Mission in June 2008 a safety culture, etc. neering Institute worked as an engineer and operator at aspects shall not overshadow the main objective of li- meeting was arranged and held between IAEA experts Well-known experts and skilled specialists from ChNPP, Deputy Chief engineer of Balakovo NPP, in 1986- censing – to prove safety of the nuclear facility safety. and Public Council leaders. According to the IRRS Mis- different organizations and scientists from different 1987 Chief engineer at ChNPP, in 1987-1991 Deputy Minutes of the Reactor Safety Council and other sion results, establishing of the Public Council to SN- areas of science are invited to the Scientific and Tech- Head of the State Committee of the USSR on safety su- relevant information on its activity are placed at the RCU was marked as a "good practice". nical Council meetings. In the format of a meeting they pervision in nuclear power and general industry. In 1991- web site of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee Materials about Public Council activity are avail- have a possibility to express their considerations and 1995 – Head of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, www.snrc.gov.ua, subsection "Reactor able for public at the SNRCU web site www.snrc.gov. opinions, and propose ways of solution of problems of Ukraine, in 2002-2006 – Deputy Minister for Fuel and Safety Council". ua, subsection "Public Council". under consideration. Energy of Ukraine, Head of the commission on investiga- Among issues that were discussed by the SNRCU tion of causes of the Chernobyl accident, member of the To ensure efficient dialog with the public, the Pub- 2008 was the year of active work of such advisory Scientific and Technical Council in 2008 were the is- permanent consultative group on nuclear power under lic Board was established to SNRCU, and on its basis bodies of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of sues of radiation safety that could have direct impact the IAEA Director General. the Public Council was created in 2006. Among 35 Ukraine as Commission on Regulatory Standards and on health of personnel and the public because of haz- V. Sidorenko was born in Donetsk, graduated Moscow Public Council members there are representatives of the Licensing Commission. ardous impact of the ionizing radiation, namely: Institute for Engineering Physics, Doctor of Sciences, mass-media, scientists, and members of Ukrainian The Licensing Commission develops proposals for • Problems of dose monitoring of inner irradiation of academician-correspondent of the Academy of Scienc- local communities where nuclear industry facilities decision-making on issue, withdrawn, re-issue, pro- personnel of uranium mining and milling indus- es of the USSR, (1981), academician-correspondent are located. The Public Council Chair is the Head of longation, termination or cancellation, and renewal try, coal and iron mines, workers of the Exclusion the Academy of Sciences of Russia, one of the founders the Green Party of Ukraine, Mr. Sergey Kurykin; Mrs. validity of licenses in the area of nuclear energy use. Zone (07.10.2008); of the State Committee on safety supervision in nuclear Hanna Golubovska-Onsimova, Honored President of In 2008 the Licensing Commission held 50 meetings • Topical issues of arrangement and purpose of fur- industry, from 1988 – first deputy Head of the State NGO "MAMA-86", and Mr. Boris Prister, academician at which 521 cases were considered. The Licensing ther development of radiation monitoring system Nuclear Supervisory Committee (“Gosatomnadzor”) of of NASU were elected as the Chair deputies. Commission not only examined the observance of in Ukraine for emergency response and assess the USSR, in 1993-1996 Deputy Minister on Nuclear In 2008 three Public Council meetings were held, conditions of issue, re-issue, cancellation the licens- impact on the environment by enterprises acting Energy of Russian Federation, coordinator of work on which discussed the situation in the 30-km zone of es and amendings, but also analyzed the proposed in the area of nuclear energy use and radwaste elimination of the Chernobyl accident consequences, Zaporizhya industrial complex of Hydro- and Nuclear licensing conditions, proposed additional conditions management (23.12.2008). author of the monograph “Safety of Nuclear Power power plants, and realization of requirements of the and made instructions on the issues of improvement Plants” and number of basic regulatory documents on law of Ukraine No. 232-V of 05.10.2006, "On Certain of the licensing activity. In 2008 the Reactor Safety Council was estab- the safety of nuclear reactors, special articles of nucle- Changes in the Laws of Ukraine Concerning Social More detailed information is available at the web- lished. This is a consultative and advisory body with ar safety philosophy and economy, presently – mem- Protection of the Population Living in the Monitoring site of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of main objective to provide independent and qualified ber of scientific council of Russian Scientific Center Zone". The Public Council also considered the draft Ukraine www.snrc.gov.ua in the section "Activity". recommendations on the issues of shaping and im- “Kurchatov Institute. Program of re-arrangement and development of plementing national policy concerning the safety of R. Janke was born in Germany, he took his higher educa- the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine The aim of the supervisory activity of the State nuclear power and research reactors in accordance tion course in Moscow Power Engineering Institute, PhD for the years 2008-2012, the draft regulatory act Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine is to ensure with the practice of leading nuclear states. The first candidate in technical sciences, in 1974 –1986 he worked "Changes in the Order of Commissioning of Nuclear protection of personnel, the public, and the environ- meeting of the Reactor Safety Council was held in Kiev at different positions at NPP in Germany, from 1986 – a Power Plants with Pressurized Water Reactors", and ment against hazardous impact of ionizing radiation on 18 July 2008. researcher of the Chernobyl accident consequences as a draft Green Book "Safety of Ionizing Radiation and radioactive contamination, caused by work of The list of the Reactor Safety Council members was a member of international expert team, head of division Sources in Ukraine". At one of the Public Council nuclear facilities. composed of well-known experts that were resigned on NPP discharges monitoring of the Federal Ministry of meetings a presentation of the "Status Report on The supervisory (inspection) activity provides for from the government authorities or operating orga- Ecology and Reactor Safety of Germany, since 1991 he Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine" was made, • Supervision over complance with law, codes and nizations, but whose names were closely connected coordinated nuclear safety projects in the Association for at other meeting it was discussed the issue of cre- standards on nuclear and radiation safety, re- with the nuclear power history in the world. Their man- Technical and Nuclear Safety (GRS) of Germany; he was ation favorable conditions for disabled workers quirements and conditions of licenses and per- agement abilities and qualified opinions are impor- a co-author of a number of IAEA books, and a European at the enterprises, institutions and organizations mits, physical protection of nuclear facilities, nu- tant to formulate a balanced professional approach Commission consultant on reactor safety. which are under the control of the State Nuclear clear materials, radioactive waste, other sources to contemporary challenges in the safety area. Among Regulatory Committee of Ukraine. Recommenda- of ionizing radiation;

10 11 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

• Organisation and management of state account- inspectors of the State Nuclear Regulatory Commit- ing of nuclear materials, radioactive waste, oth- tee of Ukraine. Independent technical experts can RESULTS OF LICENSING ACTIVITY IN 2008 er sources of ionizing radiation, to ensure their be involved in work of inspection commissions if Number Number of licenses proper storage, and prevention of unauthorized necessary. circulation, etc.; In 2008 respective structural divisions of SNRCU Title of activity re- • Supervision over implementation of measures performed 441 scheduled inspections, 380 ad hoc in- new licenses can- amen­ with- issued celled ded drawn aimed at prevention of accidents at nuclear fa- spections, and 286 inspective examinations. cilities, radioactive waste management facilities, As a result of activity of inspection divisions of the Design of nuclear facility or facility for radwaste disposal (117) 3 1 – – – and uranium objects, during production and use State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, 3235 of ionizing radiation sources, and also inspecting violations were revealed, 728 prescripts, 94 inspec- Milling of uranium ore (118) – – – 1 – preparedness of enterprises, institutions and or- tion reports and 286 inspective examination acts Radwaste transport (119) 3 10 1 – – ganizations to mitigate accident consequences. were issued. Administrative sanctions were applied to persons Radwaste treatment, storage, and disposal (120) 2 3 1 7 – State supervision is performed in the form of guilty for violation of law on nuclear energy use. Production of ionizing radiation sources (121) 3 – – 2 1 scheduled and ad hoc inspections of the safety of rou- For the activity on nuclear energy use without ap- tine operations, and in the form of inspection surveys. propriate license the SNRCU Central State Inspec- Use of ionizing radiation sources (IRS) (122) 249 111 15 104 4 Scheduled inspections are performed according to tion submitted two cases to the Office of Public Pros- Design of physical protection systems of nuclear facilities, 1 2 1 1 – supervisory activity plans that are composed for the ecutor. nuclear materials, radwaste, other IRS (124) whole year. Such inspections shall determine and as- Interaction with the public and mass media – is Design of engineered technical means of security of nuclear sess compliance of the licensees’ activity in the area an integral part of the SNRCU activity. The SNRCU 1 4 1 – – facilities, nuclear materials, radwaste, IRS (125) of nuclear energy use with the established safety re- top management arranges meetings with individu- Mounting, adjustment, maintenance, repair of engineering quirements. Scheduled inspections depending on the als during reception hours on every week, and an- and technical means of security of nuclear materials, 2 4 1 – – purpose and scope of inspection can be comprehen- swers the questions that worry them. Besides, two radwaste, other IRS (126) sive, special, and operative. Ad hoc inspections are per- times a month SNRCU managers take part in "hot" Training, re-training, and upgrading of qualification of formed when scheduled inspections reveal directions telephone lines on the issues of nuclear and radia- specialists on technical protection of nuclear facilities, – – – 8 – of a licensee’s activity or particular works, in which tion safety. nuclear materials, radwaste, other IRS (127) safety deficiencies are found, and which require more Reception hours and schedule of "hot" telephone Operation of nuclear facility or storage facility for radwaste detailed or more frequent inspections. Ad hoc inspec- lines can be found at the SNRCU website www.snrc. disposal (130) 1 – – 8 – tions can be of reaction type and task-force type. gov.ua in the section "Internet reception office". Nuclear facility decommissioning (131) – – – 2 – Total: 265 136 21 126 5

ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS WERE APPLIED TO PERSONS IN 2008 Article 95 KUpAP Article 188-18 KUpAP TOTAL:

Structural divisions Number of cases/ Sum of Number of cases/ Sum of Number of cases/ Sum of persons penalized fines (Hr) persons penalized fines (Hr) persons penalized fines (Hr)

Department of assessment of nu- 2/2 3400 - - 2/2 3400 clear installations safety

Department of Radwaste Manage- 1/1 850 - - 1/1 850 ment State Inspectorate at KhNPP - - 1/1 170 1/1 170 State Inspectorate at ChNPP 8/7 7570 3/3 680 11/10 8250 State Inspectorate at SU NPP 1/1 510 6/6 2380 7/7 2890 Annual International Topical Meeting of Nuclear and Radiation Safety North State Inspectorate 10 1870 10 1700 20 3570 North-West State Inspectorate - - 17 2720 17 2720 Inspective examinations are the inspections of an Each year the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee applicant that are performed prior to issuing licenses of Ukraine issues the Status Report on Nuclear and West State Inspectorate 2 340 1 170 3 510 or permits for the activity on nuclear energy use, work Radiation Safety in Ukraine. This document presents South State Inspectorate 2 510 8 3230 10 3740 or operations. The purpose of inspective examinations the results of implementation of the state policy on South-East State Inspectorate 32/31 3740 9 1530 41/40 5270 is to check compliance of the actual status with the safe use of nuclear energy and ensuring observance information submitted by the applicant to SNRCU for of the nuclear and radiation safety requirements in Central State Inspectorate 18/16 2960 8 1530 24 4490 obtaining a license or permit, as well as check avail- Ukraine. The Status Report is issued in Ukrainian, East State Inspectorate 5 1020 7 1530 12 2550 ability of conditions to perform the declared activity Russian and in English. Crimean State Inspectorate 6 1020 2 340 8 1360 (either work or operations). Special attention is paid to the development of To perform inspection measures inspection com- the official website of the State Nuclear Regulatory Total 87/83 23 790 72 15 980 159/155 39 770 missions are created, which are composed of state Committee of Ukraine (www.snrc.gov.ua). Here the

12 13 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

current and objective information on different issues the Institute for National Security at the National Se- State enterprise "State Scientific and Tech- ucts with the established national codes and stan- is placed: daily reports on the status of NPP power curity and Defence Council of Ukraine, Olga Kosharna, nical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety" dards on nuclear and radiation safety, Derzhcenterya- units and failures in their operation; brief weekly re- expert of the State Scientific and Technical Center for (SSTC NRS) performs analytical, scientific, expert, kosti renders its services in the area of assessment ports about the status of operational safety of the Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSTC NRS) Stanislav technical, informational, consultative, and meth- and confirmation of compliance of the equipment and NPP units. The site contains also the information Sholomitsky, representatives from the Design Bureau odology support of the nuclear regulatory authority. components used in the systems important for safety about all areas of SNRCU activity, the SNRCU reports "Pivdenne" and National Airspace Agency of Ukraine, Scientific and technical activity of SSTC NRS is ac- of the nuclear power installations of Ukraine and Rus- and plans, regulatory documents, etc. Due to special Oleksandr Kashanov and Aleksandr Berdnik, and Olga companied by studying and analyzing the state-of- sian Federation. services the site visitors can participate in discus- Lyaschuk active member of the public organization art international experience in the area of regulating By the Decision of the State Committee of Consum- sion of draft documents placed on the site, express "Ecoclub-Rivne". and ensuring safety of nuclear energy use. The re- er Standards (Derzhspozhivstandart) of Ukraine the their opinion on top-listed issues of nuclear and Materials of the Second International Meeting are sult of this activity is development and harmoniza- Derzhcenteryakosti – OS SERTATOM was assigned radiation safety. The SNRCU site is visited not only available at SNRCU web-site www.snrc.gov.ua at the tion of national system of NRS regulation, regulatory as a body that confirms compliance of containers for by Ukrainian citizens, but also by people from many page with the same name. practice, and safety assurance with the best inter- storage and disposal of radioactive waste and sealed countries of the world. national practice. sources of ionizing radiation with the requirements of Striving to improve interaction with the public, the Scientific and technical support With the purpose of development of joint decisions technical specifications. State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine regu- of the state regulation in the area on key safety problems 70 SSTC employees co-worked larly conducts sociological surweys. In 2008 the first of nuclear energy use in 77 special advisory and consultative bodies, com- State Enterprise "Center for Information Tech- stage was completed of sociological surways "Vision missions, working groups, and committees. nologies on Nuclear Energy Use" ("Infoatom") is a of the main nuclear and radiation safety problems, in- The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine formation awareness and needs of citizens of differ- actively use expert support and interacts with ent regions of Ukraine". The surways is planned to be leading Ukrainian scientific organizations, which are completed next year, and its results will be included to competent in issues of nuclear and radiation safety. the Status Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in These organizations, among others, are "Grigoryev Ukraine in 2009. Institute for Medical Radiology" (Kharkiv), Kharkiv In 2008 on its 8th anniversary the State Nuclear Physics and Technical Institute, Institute for Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine held a traditional In- Reseaches of NASU, "Marzeyev Institute for Hygiene ternational Topical Meeting of Nuclear and Radiation and Medical Ecology" of the Academy for Medical Safety. Participants of this Meeting could take part in Sciences of Ukraine (AMSU), Taras Shevchenko State 4 topical sessions: National University, Kiev, Scientific and engineering • Legislation and regulatory basis of nuclear and ra- Center for Radio-hydro-ecological Field Researches of diation safety; NASU, Institute for Geochemistry of the Environment • Radiation safety in everyday life; of NASU and the Ministry of Emergencies, Institute for • Radioactive waste management safety; NPP safety problems of NASU, and others. • Experience and possibilities of public organiza- As a part of this activity, on February 8, 2008 the tions in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety. State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine and Marzeyev Institute for Hygiene and Medical Ecol- This year’s International Atomic Energy Agency ogy of the Academy for Medical Sciences of Ukraine (IAEA) participation in the Meeting was extended. signed a Memorandum on cooperation, partnership Eliana Amaral, Vladymir Berkovsky, and John Frazer and interaction on radiation safety and radiation Preston became the Meeting participants from IAEA . protection. In addition, the reports were presented by Swiss In 2008 scientific institutions performed a number Signing of a Memorandum on cooperation, partnership and interaction regulatory authority representative Mr. Klaus Linberg, of R&D works. In particular, specialists of the Taras on radiation safety and radiation protection and expert from the Association for Technical and Nu- Shevchenko State National University, Kiev developed clear Safety (GRS) of Germany Dr. Rolf Janke. a regulation "Requirements on Quality Management The important event for SSTC was obtaining of the scientific enterprise of branch level. It is aimed to pro- From SNRCU the reports were presented by Chair- System to perform diagnostics and therapy with the status of double subordination both to the SNRCU and vide information and analytical support to the State person of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of use of ionizing radiation sources", which was approved NASU, which was formalised by the special Order of Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, take part Ukraine Olena Mykolaichuk, and her Deputies Sergyi by SNRCU Order and registered in the Ministry of Jus- 25 November 2008. Now SSTC obtained a good basis in informing the public on the status of nuclear and Bozhko and Olga Makarovska. tice of Ukraine. for sustainable development and effective use of cre- radiation safety, as well as designing, creating, imple- The invitation to participate in the seminar was The Grigoryev Institute for Medical Radiology per- ative potential of its staff, for expanding its capabili- menting and supporting computer networks and auto- responded by experts of state enterprises subordi- formed R&D work "Analysis of practice of the legis- ties concerning scientific cooperation with the leading mated databases related to the status of nuclear and nated to SNRCU, representatives of institutions and lation of Ukraine and EC countries on radiation pro- scientific institutions of NASU. radiation safety, and necessary for supporting the SN- organizations acting in the area of nuclear energy use, tection at medical applications of ionizing radiation RCU activity. foreign experts on nuclear and radiation safety, the sources, and development of respective proposals". State enterprise "State Center for Regulation of public and mass-media representatives. Specialists of the Marzeyev Institute for Hygiene Quality of Supplies and Services" (DP "DerzhcenterY- The reports were made by: Head of the Reactor and Medical Ecology" of AMSU completed R&D work akosti") provides technical support to the State Nucle- Safety Council Mykola Shteinberg, Head of the Green "Statistical and Technological analysis of radiation ac- ar Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, methodology and Party of Ukraine and Head of the Public Council to cidents related with loss of control over ionizing radia- consultative support at improvement of regulatory re- SNRCU Sergiy Kurykin, Director of the Grigoryev Insti- tion sources at the territory of Ukraine. quirements on ensuring the quality of equipment and tute for Medical Radiology Mykola Pylipenko, Head of Besides, three state scientific and technical sup- services for the nuclear power facilities. laboratory of the Marzeyev Institute for Hygiene and port organizations (TSO) are subordinated to the State The main task of the DP "DerzhcenterYakosti" is Medical Ecology, Tatiana Pavlenko, leading expert oft Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine. independent confirmation of compliance of the prod-

14 15 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

• Conducting the SNRCU Board meetings to discuss Safety the status of the licensee’s adherence to the state and branch programs on safety enhancement of the operating NPP power units. Of Nuclear Energy In Ukraine The SNRCU pays special attention to measures provided for by a number of safety improvement pro- grams for operating NPPs and to the development of safety analysis reports for NPP units. Funding termination of operation and decommis- Nuclear Energy in Fuel Zaporizhya NPP (ZNPP), Rivne NPP (RNPP) and Khmel- sioning, including the development of design docu- and Power Complex of Ukraine nitsky NPP (KhNPP). mentation, is one of the key aspects in safe decom- The licenses establish conditions and restric- missioning of NPP units. A decommissioning fund for Nuclear Power Industry is one of the leading branches tions on the above activity and specify process sys- nuclear installations is to be established pursuant to of the Ukrainian economics and it provides for the tems and boundaries of the sites they apply to. The national legislation and international obligations of important aspect of the national safety – nuclear licenses authorize the NAEK Energoatom to conduct Ukraine. Thus, the requirement of the national Ukrai- energy. all operations at nuclear installations on its own or nian legislation is to observe the Law of Ukraine "On Upon closure of the Chornobyl NPP, four nuclear jointly with contractors. Therefore, according to the Settlement of Nuclear Safety Issues" of 24 June 2004 power plants with WWER reactors remained in opera- Law of Ukraine "On Nuclear Energy Use and Radiation and Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Nuclear Safety – Is The Priority! tion in Ukraine: Zaporizhya NPP, South Ukraine NPP, Safety", all the responsibility for the operational safety No. 594 of 27 April 2006 "Establishment, Accumula- Rivne NPP and Khmelnitsky NPP that operate 15 nu- of nuclear installations rests with the operating orga- tion and Use of Decommissioning Fund for Nuclear doses of personnel are the main quantitative and clear power units with the total installed capacity of nization which fulfills financial obligations for nuclear Installations". qualitative indicators of radiation safety and ra- 13,835 MW. damage at the rate and on terms established by the diation protection of NPP personnel); Ukrainian NPPs operate reactor installations that Ukrainian legislation. The licenses also identify activi- • Levels of daily releases of inert radioactive gases – are mostly of WWER-1000 (V-320) type – 11 reactor ties or operations that may be undertaken only under Radiation Safety and Radiation Protection IRG (xenon, krypton, argon); facilities, two of which were put into commercial an individual SNRCU permit. of NPP Personnel • Levels of daily releases of long-lived nuclides operation in 2005 and 2006 at Khmelnitsky NPP and Permits to start up power units after scheduled re- (LLN); Rivne NPP. pair outage involving core reloading (PPR) are issued NPP impact on personnel, the public and the envi- • Levels of daily releases of radioactive iodine radio- Except this, two WWER-440 (V-213) units at to the NAEK Energoatom only provided that measures ronment is assessed based on analyzing dose burgen nuclides (radioiodines). Rivne NPP, one WWER-1000 (V-302) unit and one identified in the previous permit and terms of valid li- on individuals, levels of radioactive releases into the WWER-1000 (V-338) unit at South Ukraine NPP are censes, in particular safety enhancement measures, atmosphere and radioactive discharges in water bod- In addition to the above, the following parameters in operation. have been implemented completely. ies according to the following parameters: are monitored at all NPPs: Since 1996, Zaporizhya NPP, South Ukraine The SNRCU permanently supervises the compli- • Exposure doses of personnel obtained during a • Monthly releases of manganese-54, cobalt-60, NPP, Rivne NPP, and Khmelnitsky NPP have been ance with the NPP operational licenses by: calendar year (individual and collective exposure zirconium-95, iron-59 (activation and corrosion

Structure and amounts of electric power generation at Ukrainian NPPs General characteristics of the NPPs in operation in Ukraine

Output (million kW*t) Unit Electric Date End of designed generation sources NPP num- Reactor type capacity, plan fact fact ber MW of commissioning lifetime 2008 2008 2007 Nuclear power Plant 89 287,0 89 841,4 92 542,4 1 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 December 1984 2014 Thermal Power Plant & Heat-Electric Generating Plant 86 242,0 82 346,9 84 253,9 2 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 July 1985 2015 Hydroelectric Power Plant & Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Power Plant 10 098,3 3 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 December 1986 2016 9410,0 11 345,6 Zaporizhya Diesel-Generator Stand-by Set 8350,2 8149,9 8226,3 4 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 December 1987 2017 5 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 August 1989 2019 electric energy by alternative energy sources (wind engines) 8,9 4,2 5,7 6 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 October 1995 2025 Total 193 298,1 191 688 195 126,6 1 WWER-440/В-213 420 December 1980 2010 operated by the National Nuclear Energy Generat- • Reviewing and assessing the NAEK Energoatom re- 2 WWER-440/В-213 415 December 1981 2011 Rivne ing Company Energoatom (hereinafter - NAEK En- porting documents on compliance with licensing 3 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 December 1986 2016 ergoatom). requirements; Since 2002, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine • Inspecting each NPP, with direct control over fulfill- 4 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 October 2004 2034 "On Authorizing Activity in Nuclear Energy Use" and ment of measures set by the licenses; 1 WWER-1000/В-302 1000 December 1982 2012 based on a comprehensive safety assessment of • Holding meetings prior to completion of planned South Ukraine 2 WWER-1000/В-338 1000 January 1985 2015 nuclear installations and assessment of the opera- outages and making decisions to permit transfer tor’s capability to take all safety measures, the State to hot zero power; 3 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 September 1989 2019 Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine has issued • Conducting the SNRCU Board meetings to dis- 1 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 December 1987 2017 licenses to the NAEK Energoatom to operate nucle- cuss the licensee’s adherence to licensing Khmelnitsky 2 WWER-1000/В-320 1000 August 2004 2034 ar installations at the South Ukraine NPP (SUNPP), terms;

16 17 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Dynamics of exposure doses Dynamics of the average daily releases of the main for RNPP personnel groups of radionuclides by RNPP into the atmosphere. average individual dose, mSV 7000 2,0 1.00E+12 1,8 6000 1,6 1.00E+11 5000 1,4 4000 1,2 1,0 000 3 0,8 +7 1.00E 2000 0,6 1.00E+6 0,4 1000 +5 0,2 1.00E 0 0 1.00E+4 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 number of persons being monitored ІRG, Bq/day LLN, Bq/day Radioiodines, Bq/day collective dose, person*mSv

The distribution of dose loads for RNPP personnel Number of Number of persons who received persons being a dose for the last 12 months "KHMELNITSKY NPP" monitored <1 1-2 2-6 6-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-50 >50 Zaporizhya NPP Rivne NPP mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv 3444 276 355 65 20 0 0 0 0 In 2008 no exceeding of individual and collective 4160 Exposure dose for 2008 products of process equipment metal), cesium During 2008 no exceeding of the permissible and Collective dose, person*Sv Average individual dose, mSv exposure dose limits was recorded. isotopes -134,137 (nuclear fuel decay products); reference levels of discharges into open water bodies 2,8 0,67 The bar charts demonstrate systematic decrease • Quarterly releases of strontium-89, 90; was recorded at ZNPP. The actual levels of radionu- in collective exposure doses of personnel. • Discharges of radionuclides in open water bodies clide release were from 4% (for caesium-134) to 67% In January and July-August 2008 the levels of re- (discharges are monitored by 15 radionuclides). (for tritium) of the reference levels and 4.72% of the leases for all groups of radionuclides increased be- permissible levels. was recorded at RNPP. The total index of radioactive cause of planned outages at KhNPP power units. One of the safety criteria for NPP safe operation is discharges into the Styr river was 2.71% of the per- During 2008 the actual radioactive releases into the non-exceeding of reference levels of radioactive missible level taking into account the contribution of the atmosphere constituted from 2.7% (for radioac- releases and effluents appropriately established and "RIVNE NPP" tritium. The discharge of reference cobalt-60 made up tive iodine) to 10% (for long-lived radionuclides) of the endorsed by the regulatory bodies. This criterion sets 83% as compared with 2007, the discharge of refer- reference levels and from 0.08% for inert radioactive the achieved level of radiation safety at an NPP and During 2008 no exceeding of individual and collective ence caesium-137 was reduced and made up 54% of gases to 0.23% for long-lived radionuclides of the per- the permissible level whose exceeding implies initia- exposure dose limits was recorded at RNPP. The its discharge in the last year. The contribution of tri- missible levels. tion of an emergency. distribution of dose burgen is presented below. tium to the index of the permissible discharges con- During 2008 no exceeding of the permissible and During 2008 the actual radioactive releases into stituted 18.6%. reference discharge levels into open water bodies was the atmosphere were from 0.2% (for zirconium-95) to recorded. The actual discharges, for example cae- "ZAPORIZHYA NPP" 9% (for strontium-90) of the reference levels and 2% of sium-137, made up 70% of the reference levels and the permissible levels. "SOUTH UKRAINE NPP" 0.0034% of the permissible levels, for tritium 85% of During 2008 there were no cases of exeeding both During 2008 no exceeding of the permissible and individual and collective exposure dose limits. The reference levels of discharges into open water bodies In 2008 no exceeding of individual and collective distribution of dose loads is presented below. exposure dose limits was recorded. The index of radioactive releases into the atmo- The distribution of dose loads The actual radioactive releases into the atmo- The distribution of dose loads sphere in 2008 was 0.14% of the permissible value. for ZNPP personnel sphere were 10-20% of the reference levels and 1-3% for SUNPP personnel The greatest contribution to the permissible release of the permissible levels. Number of Number of persons who received Number of Number of persons who received index is made by IRG, radioiodines, Co-60 and radio- persons being a dose for the last 12 months During 2008 no exceeding of the permissible and persons being a dose for the last 12 months <1 1-2 2-6 6-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-50 >50 <1 1-2 2-6 6-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-50 >50 cesium. The contribution of other radionuclides does monitored mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv reference level of discharges of radionuclides into monitored mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv not exceed 1%. 3960 294 364 137 47 1 0 0 0 open water bodies was recorded. 2296 284 298 94 53 0 0 0 0 Exposure dose for 2008 Exposure dose for 2008 4803 Collective dose, person*Sv Average individual dose, mSv 3025 Collective dose, person*Sv Average individual dose, mSv 3,8 0,78 3,2 1,06

Dynamics of exposure doses Dynamics of the average daily releases of the main Dynamics of exposure doses Dynamics of releases of the main groups of radionuclides for ZNPP personnel groups of radionuclides by ZNPP into the atmosphere. for SU NPP personnel by SU NPP into the atmosphere average individual dose, mSV average individual dose, mSV 7000 2,0 1.00E+12 7000 2,0 1.00E+12 1,8 1,8 6000 6000 1,6 1,6 1.00E+11 1.00E+11 5000 1,4 5000 1,4 4000 1,2 4000 1,2 1,0 1,0 3000 3000 0,8 +7 0,8 +7 1.00E 1.00E 2000 0,6 2000 0,6 1.00E+6 1.00E+6 0,4 0,4 1000 +5 1000 +5 0,2 1.00E 0,2 1.00E 0 0 1.00E+4 0 0 1.00E+4 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 number of persons being monitored number of persons being monitored ІRG, Bq/day LLN, Bq/day Radioiodines, Bq/day ІRG, Bq/day LLN, Bq/day Radioiodines, Bq/day collective dose, person*mSv collective dose, person*mSv

18 19 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

December 2005 were underway in 2008. All safety Assessment of events occurred at Ukrainian NPPs in 2008 by INES measures of the Concept are to be implemented by EVENT LEVEL BY INES* 2010, including activities under pilot projects, till the NPP end of 2008, in the following areas: – 0 1 2 3 4-7 1. Control of primary-to-secondary leak with equiva- Zaporizhya 1 4 – – – – lent diameter up to 100 mm. Rivne 1 6 – – – – 2. Limiting of equipment dependant failures and South Ukraine 2 3 – – – – common-cause failures resulting from internal Khmelnitsky 1 4 – – – – events. Total: 5 17 – – – – 3. Enhance improvement of heat removal through During 2008 there were no reported events at Chornobyl NPP. the secondary circuit. * – (-) Out of scale; (0) Deviation; (1) Anomaly; (2) Incident; 4. Enhance primary overpressure protection in a cold (3) Severe incident; (4-7) Accidents state and protection against thermal shock. INES Rating of Operational Events at Ukrainian NPPs 5. Enhance heat removal and primary pressure con- in 2002-2008 trol.

6. Enhance confining radioactive materials inside 31 25 the containment. 24 17 17 South Ukraine NPP Khmelnitsky NPP 7. Enhance emergency power supply. 22 21 11 8. Improvement of accident management. 9 10 8 8 5 the reference levels and 4% of the permissible levels. The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) is 9. More profound NPP safety analysis and substan- 5 1 2 5 0 0 This means that tritium is the main contributor to the widely used to assess the safety significance of tiation. 3 3 activity of liquid discharges. events in world nuclear energy and was specially de- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 veloped as a tool for informing the public. All events In order to comply with the Concept, the State Out of scale level "0" level "1" that occurred at Ukrainian NPPs in 2008 were ranked Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine and the NPP Operational Events as "deviation" or "out of scale" by INES. The latter level Ministry for Fuel and Energy of Ukraine prepared Joint Distribution of root causes of events includes events that have no nuclear and radiation Order "On Arranging Safety Improvement Activities in 2002-2008 Strict accounting of incidents and other events that safety relevance and, thus, are out of scale. INES rat- for Operating NPP Units" No.19/10 dated 25 January occur in NPP operation, thorough investigation of their ing of events at operating NPPs is shown in the Table 2006, which agrees upon a List of administrative and causes and implementation of corrective measures to below. technical measures to implement the Concept (here- 43 eliminate the drawbacks revealed and prevent similar Based on the results of the SNRCU Board meeting inafter referred to as the List). The List describes in 42 37

events in the future are major instruments to main- held in February 2008, the operating organization has brief the existing issues or safety deficiencies at op- 32 31 12 11 9 9 24 9 tain a proper level of operational safety. All this issues developed the Program (Action Plan) for preventing erating NPP units and safety enhancement measures 9 8 7 7 5 5 4 15 4 2 2 2 1 1 are regulated by the "Provisions on the Procedure for recurrence of operational events at same type units, in compliance with areas identified in the Concept. In 0 0 0 Investigation and Record of Operational Events at Nu- improving quality of investigations and determining accordance with the Joint Order, all measures identi- 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

clear Power Plants". root causes. fied in the List are to be performed by 2010. Therefore, Equipment failure Drawbacks of procedures Human errors Unidentified In 2008, 22 operational events occurred at Ukrai- all pilot projects in all nine safety improvement areas nian NPPs, including 5 at ZNPP, 7 at RNPP, 5 at KhNPP are to be completed by the end of 2008. Average Number of NPP Operational Events per Unit and 5 at SU NPP. Upgrading and Safety Improvement At SNRCU Board meetings the annual status of in 2002-2008

of NPP Units measures to implement the Concept are periodically 10 The distribution of dose loads reviewed. Thus, the results of the measures under the 8 for KhNPP personnel In order to bring target safety indicators of Ukrainian Concept for 2006 were considered at the meeting of power units to internationally recognized standards, the SNRCU Board on 25 January 2007. The activities 6 Number of Number of persons who received persons being a dose for the last 12 months rules and regulations on nuclear and radiation safety, of the NAEK Energoatom was considered insufficient. 4 monitored <1 1-2 2-6 6-10 10-15 15-20 20-30 30-50 >50 mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv mSv implementation of the measures under the "Concept On 24 January 2008 the SNRCU Board considered 2 2406 228 190 17 1 0 0 0 0 f o r S a f e t y I m p r o v e m e n t o f O p e r a t i n g N P P s " ( h e r e i n a f t e r the status of measures implementation under the Exposure dose for 2008 0 2845 Collective dose, person*Sv Average individual dose, mSv referred to as the Concept) approved by Resolution Concept in 2007. The Board noted that the measures 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1,6 0,56 of Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No.515-r of 13 related to upgrading systems and components of pow- ЗАЕС РАЕС ЮУАЕС ХАЕС По галузі

Dynamics of exposure doses Dynamics of the average daily releases of the main Analysis of efficiency Distribution of Operational Events by Reactor Type for KhNPP personnel groups of radionuclides by KhNPP into the atmosphere of NPP Event Investigation Commissions in 2002-2008 average individual dose, mSV 3500 2,0 1.00E+11 19% 1,8 9 4 3000 3 2 1,6 +10 44% 44% 47% 50% 2 1.00E 2500 1,4 54% 70% 3 1,2 2000 36 2 1,0 81% 1500 32 0,8 +6 30 31 31 1.00E 56% 56% 1000 0,6 53% 50% 22 1.00E+5 46% 20 0,4 30% 500 +4 0,2 1.00E 0 0 1.00E+3 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 number of persons being monitored ІRG, Bq/day LLN, Bq/day Radioiodines, Bq/day Number of events investigation Number of NPP operational events with WWER-440 collective dose, person*mSv Reports of appropriate quality Number of NPP operational events with WWER-1000

20 21 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

er units were performed satisfactory. At the same time, • technical complexity in solving certain safety is- for pilot units at non-pilot units was performed with dards and eliminate a number of deviations from cur- analyses and calculations to identify ways to eliminate sues under some measures implemented for the delays. rent safety rules. safety deficiencies were not performed in a prompt first time; During 2006-2008 NAEK Energoatom submitted Pursuant to the schedule of "post-commissioning" manner, which is critical in viewpoint of prospects to • duration of tender procedures and terms to equip- 199 reports on pilot measures and 133 reports on measures: bring the operating units into compliance with inter- ment manufacte; measures to be adapted to the State Nuclear Regula- 80 measures are to be implemented at KhNPP-2 national standards on nuclear and radiation safety. In • inter-relation with implementation of other prob- tory Committee of Ukraine. 171 and 115 reports, re- (16 – in the first, 17 – in the second and 47 – in the spite of certain positive progress in implementation of lematic issues. spectively, were accepted by the State Nuclear Regu- third fuel campaign); measures under the Concept as compared with previ- latory Committee of Ukraine by the end of 2008. 81 measures are to be implemented at RNPP-4 ous years, there were: Resulting from the discussion of the abovemen- By the late 2008, reports on 13 pilot measures (17 – in the first, 13 – in the second and 51 – in the • a certain number of problematic measures that tioned information, the Ministry for Fuel and Energy of have not been submitted to the State Nuclear Regu- third fuel campaign). provided for analyses and calculations to identify Ukraine and the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee latory Committee at all, that demonstrates NAEK En- ways to eliminate safety deficiencies, which were of Ukraine were obliged to agree upon the extension of ergoatom is serious shortcomings in planning of the The third fuel campaign at KhNPP-2 has been com- planned for implementation in 2006-2007, but the pilot measures to be then absolutely implemented implementation of safety enhancement measures. pleted, and SNRCU confirmed that 41 measures were the operator had no technical decisions for their by the end of 2009. In 2008 the status of measures under the Concept implemented as of the end of 2007. implementation; By the end of 2008 the State Nuclear Regulatory was considered by the State Nuclear Regulatory Com- The third fuel campaign started only on 25 July • risks that certain equipment at some pilot power Committee of Ukraine confirmed implementation of mittee of Ukraine and the Ministry for Fuel and Energy 2007 at RNPP-4, and the SNRCU confirmed that units would not be replaced by the end of 2008 171 of the 250 measures planned for implementation of Ukraine during the joint Board meeting held on 22 43 measures were implemented as of the end of since producers could not manufacture and de- in 2008. Its constituted 68% of the total number. Ex- January 2008. The following was noted at the Board 2007. liver it on time; cept this, 24 reports on implementation of measures meeting: In December 2007 NAEK Energoatom informed • delays in submitting chapters of Safety Analysis submitted by NAEK Energoatom to the State Nuclear • while performing measures under the Concept, the the SNRCU that 18 measures for KhNPP-2 and 6 mea- Reports (SARs) that may result in risks in adapta- Regulatory Committee of Ukraine at the end of 2008 NAEK Energoatom did not set priorities to the sures for RNPP-4 could not be implemented in full tion of SARs of NPP units for non-pilot units by the and they are under consideration now, 4 reports were measures with dominant impact on NPP safety; scope by the end of the third fuel campaign. This was end of 2009. returned for revision. In 2008 the pilot measures sub- • as in 2007, the measures at "adapted" units were caused by delay in credit arrangement and mainly by mitted to and accepted by the State Nuclear Regula- implemented ahead of the schedule; a considerable amount of time needed to manufac- In order to perform all pilot projects according to tory Committee of Ukraine constituted 95% and 82%, • improper status of developing SARs for Ukrainian ture equipment. Conceptual decisions and technical the Concept in 2008, the Board recommended to respectively. NPP units was caused by long-term inactivity and specifications were developed and agreed for these NAEK Energoatom undertake measures to involve all According to the Concept area 9 – "Extension of insufficient level of safety culture of NAEK Ener- measures, tenders were conducted and contracts for possible resources to solve the problems and to im- NPP Safety Analysis and Substantiation" – NAEK En- goatom officials. equipment supply and development of design were prove the system of engineering and technical support ergoatom accomplished more than ten-year effort on concluded or on signing stage. to identify ways to eliminate safety deficiencies and developing materials of Safety Analysis Report for pi- The Joint Board recognized that the NAEK Ener- Experts of Khmelnitsky and Rivne NPPs, NAEK substantiate the safety while developing technical de- lot NPP units (except Level 2 Probabilistic Safety As- goatom inadequately complied with the Schedule Energoatom Directorate and KhNPP-2/RNPP-4 proj- cisions. sessment for SUNPP-1 and Integrated Safety Analy- for administrative and technical measures for 2008 ect management unit analyzed the status of each Additionally, in April-May 2008 meetings of the SN- sis Reports). Pursuant to the established procedure, to implement the Concept for safety improvement of measure that could not be completely implemented RCU management were held at RNPP, SU NPP, ZNPP, the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine operating NPP units. The decision was made to re- by the end of the third fuel campaign. The analysis and KhNPP sites as a part of systematic supervision conducted the state review on nuclear and radiation vise and endorse the Schedule for administrative and demonstrated that current safety would not be sig- and control over implementation of safety enhance- safety (NRS) of the materials and informed NAEK En- technical measures for 2009 relative to the extension nificantly affected if the measures in question will be ment measures under the Concept. ergoatom of its results. In order to organize activities of deadlines for pilot projects till 2009 without chang- carried over from the third to fourth scheduled out- On 9 September 2008 under the chairmanship of to make corrections taking into account SNRCU com- ing deadlines of the Concept as a whole. age. Experts of the SNRCU (SSTC NRS) and Euratom the Minister for Fuel and Energy of Ukraine a meet- ments, NAEK Energoatom, upon consent of the State In 2008 the measures of branch programs on im- (Riskaudit) have agreed that the measures can be car- ing was held jointly with the State Nuclear Regula- Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, approved provement of the safety and operational reliability ried over to the fourth scheduled outage without an tory Committee of Ukraine and NAEK Energoatom to a procedure which establishes procedure for interac- were also included in PPR of NPP power units. adverse effect on safety. analyze the current status of the Concept, individual tion and set. It should be noted that NAEK Energoatom Taking into consideration the expert conclusion, pilot measures scheduled for 2008, which could not did not comply with procedure that caused significant in 2008 SNRCU has informed the Department of EC be timely implemented in full scope, causes of delays delays in correction of SAR materials resulting from Post-Commissioning Upgrading Measures Economic and Financial Directorate and NAEK Ener- and ways to solve the problem. The following factors the review and in failure to perform pilot measures un- at Khmelnitsky-2 and Rivne-4 goatom about its consent on implementation of 17 caused delays: der the Concept in 2008. Adaptation of SAR materials measures for KhNPP-2 and 6 measures for RNPP-4 in In order to comply with the Law of Ukraine "On the fourth fuel campaign. In April 2008 the EC Direc- NUMBER Current status the Ratification of the Guarantee Agreement torate General on Economic and Financing informed OF PILOT MEASURES of the Concept between Ukraine and the European Atomic Energy the NAEK Energoatom on agreeing upon extension of Community" (No. 2818-IV of 7 September 2005), the Credit Agreement for the fourth fuel campaign of 77 post-commissioning safety enhancement measures KhNPP-2 and RNPP-4. 63 at Khmelnitsky-2 and Rivne-4 are to be implemented At the beginning of 2009 the State Nuclear Regu- 53 116 126 250 41 116 during the three fuel campaigns in accordance with latory Committee of Ukraine confirmed implementa- 37 93 200 the implementation schedules agreed by the SNRCU. tion of 59 measures at KhNPP-2 and 69 measures 21 53 172 16 17 40 Eighty post-commissioning measures are to be at RNPP-4 at which the fourth fuel campaign will be 24 2 5 0 0 1 1 implemented at Khmelnitsky-2, and 81 measures - at completed in 2009. Rivne-4. In 2008 the SNRCU (SSTC NRS) and Euratom ЗАЕС ЮУАЕС РАЕС ХАЕС НАЕК 2006 2007 2008 The safety enhancement measures under the (RISKAUDIT) experts carried out the safety assess- Under review/amending Number of endorsed reports Performed Number of submitted reports Khmelnitsky-2/Rivne-4 upgrading program will en- ment of the implemented "post-commissioning" mea- Total Number of planned measures sure the compliance of safety with international stan- sures at KhNPP-2 and RNPP-4.

22 23 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

In the framework of the "Memorandum of Under- Extension of NPP Power Units Operation of Ukraine No. 263-r of 29 April 2004, "Action Plan proved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Minis- standing on Cooperation in the Field of Energy between Beyond the Design Lifetime of NAEK Energoatom to implement the "Comprehen- ters of Ukraine No.515-r of 13 December 2005. Ukraine and the EU" as of "Nuclear Safety" on October sive Program for Lifetime Extension of Operating • Development of programs on technical conditions 13-24, 2008 the IAEA Mission on design safety was Rivne NPP-1,2 and South Ukraine NPP-1 were Nuclear Power Units" PN-D.0.08.341-04, and the assessment and substantiation of safe operation carried out at Khmelnitsky NPP unit 2. Western experts identified as pilot power units for lifetime extension appropriate schedule. for power unit crucial elements (reactor pressure verified the compliance of the power unit state with the beyond the designed period. Their designed lifetime Resulting from scheduled repair outages of Rivne vessel, upper unit, reactor internals and support IAEA Standard "Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: De- expires in 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. NPP-1,2 conducted in 2007, positive prospects ap- elements, the containment system). sign", NS-R-1. In a result of the mission, the IAEA ex- Activities on extension the NPP units operation peared at early 2008 to extend operation of the unit • Equipment qualification; perts noted that KhNPP-2 meets, in whole, provisions beyond the design lifetime are carried out in compli- above beyond the design lifetime in compliance with • Extension of Zaporizhya NPP-1 (pilot unit in view- of this IAEA standard. There are certain inconsistencies ance with the "Comprehensive Program for Lifetime the schedules agreed upon with the SNRCU. point of lifetime extension of power units with in equipment qualification, seismic safety and severe Extension of Operating Nuclear Power Units" ap- However, in the middle 2008 the tendency to vio- WWER-1000) operation beyond the design life- accident analysis which have been taken into account. proved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers late deadlines for the implementation of main mea- time is at the initial stage. sures on Rivne NPP-1 lifetime extension was evident. By the end of the year a number of problem areas Important measures of branch programs implemented under PPR-2008 were identified at Rivne NPP-1, namely: • assessment of technical condition and resource Unit АЭС number Содержание мероприятия reassignment of buildings and structures has not been completed; • Installing additional sensitive protection against phase-to-phase short circuits in 0.4 kV • substantiation of safety operation beyond the de- 1 power circuit. sign lifetime of such critical components as reac- • Replacing equipment of the systems for group and individual control of control rods and tor pressure vessel, upper unit, reactor internals, reactor facility emergency protection, as well as software upgrading of the neutron flux 2 monitoring system relative to reactor calculation period; steam generators has not been completed; • only 34 of 60 safety enhancement measures en- • Installing additional sensitive protection against interface short circuits in 0.4 kV visaged by the "Concept on Safety Improvement • Reconstructing low level of information-calculating system relative to one group of trains of the control safety system; of Operating NPP Power Units" approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine 3 • Replacing double-flow mixed bed demineralizers by one-flow mixed bed demineralizer at Zaporizhya unit condensate demineralizer; No.515-r of 13 December 2005 have been im- • Replacing control valves in steam generator power centers plemented; • there is a delay in equipment qualification; • Replacing interlocking cabinets of turbine compartment normal operation systems 4 • heat-mechanic equipment and piping have not Replacing radiation monitoring equipment of 1,2,3 safety system trains been brought into compliance with the require- • Installing additional sensitive protection against interface short circuits in 0.4 kV power ments of the current standards, rules and regula- 5 circuit; tions on nuclear and radiation safety on strength • Upgrading full-scale simulator hardware components calculations; • Implementing automatic gas fore-extinguishing in rooms with electric and electrons 6 • beginning of the activities related to pressurization equipment of the power unit tight barrier was delayed. • Replacing equipment, cables and software and hardware complex of the first safety system train; This caused delays in preparing the Report on pe- • Implementing measurement channels GIM-206 to monitor dose rate of gamma-radiation in the riodic safety re-assessment. Based on the Report unit containment; results, the SNRCU will take a decision on possibility Rivne 3 • Modernizing the secondary automatic chemical monitoring; and conditions to extend Rivne NPP-1 operation be- • Improving software of the neutron flux monitoring equipment relative to calculation of reactor yond the design lifetime. period; Based on the mentioned above a possibility still ex- • Implementing the seeping method for monitoring tightness of fuel assemblies; ists for Rivne NPP-1 shutdown after expiration of its • Upgrading the operation algorithm of the reactor power limitation controller design operation lifetime to implement the aforesaid • Replacing control valves in the essential service water supply system; 1 measures in full scope. • Replacing safety valves in the emergency low pressure cooldown system At the end of 2008, Rivne NPP-1,2 were taken out • Reconstructing the air conditioning system in the control safety room; of operation for long outage to implement the activi- South Ukraine ties envisaged by the schedules. 2 • New software and hardware complexes of the reactor facility emergency and preventive protec- Similar issues have to be solved, while extending tion system Rivne NPP-2 operation beyond the design lifetime with 3 • Reconstructing polar crane electric components the only difference that there is one more year avail- able for this purpose. • New software and hardware complexes of the reactor facility control rods control and protec- Activities on extension of South Ukraine NPP-1 Khmelnitsky 1 tion system: emergency and preventive protections; neutron flux monitoring system; power limitation controller and accelerated preventive protection.* operation beyond the design lifetime are being devel- oped and programs and guidelines are being agreed

* The International experts of Riskaudit during a visit to the Khmelnitsky NPP noted the high technical level and quality of the upgraded upon now. However, even now there is failure to com- ply with the schedule at this power unit, namely: equipment that was manufactured and supplied at KhNPP No.1 by the national manufacturer - Closed Joint-Stock Company “Radii” • Measures provided for by the Concept on Safety (city of Kirovograd) and Closed Joint-Stock Company “Impul’s” (city Severodonets’k). Improvement of Operating NPP Power Units ap-

24 25 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

On 26 June 2008 based on the comprehensive as- burgen on the personnel involved in operations Spent sessment of ISF-1 safety, review of materials on sub- with SNF and SAA; stantiation of nuclear and radiation safety, positive re- • The issue on SAA long-term storage is solved, as sults of ISF-1 inspections, the SNRCU Board sets that well as the problem of storing damaged SNF; Fuel Management the ISF-1 safety level and the ability of the Chornobyl • Progress of the existing cracks and new defects in NPP to perform all the measures to ensure safe opera- CSM doubts the possibility of safe long-term stor- tion allow issuing a license to operate ChNPP ISF-1. age of SNF. Nowadays, in accordance with the conditions of SN- RCU License EO No.000859 "Operation of a nuclear fa- The SNRCU notes that ChNPP has not determined a Spent Fuel Management at Operating NPP tutes 50 years. The DSFSF design is based on the prov- cility –Chornobyl NPP ISF-1", Chornobyl NPP is carrying final option for SNF and SAA management. en technology of the US Duke Engineering & Services out the activities according to the "Plan of ISF-1 Safety Taking into account the approaches identified in Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) resulting from the production Company and meets standards, rules and regulations enhancement measures". these conceptual decisions to SNF and SAA manage- of energy in nuclear reactors is one of the most on nuclear and radiation safety. The spent fuel stor- ment, the SNRCU returned to the applicant the "Con- important components of the NPP process cycle. age site is designed to accommodate 380 containers ceptual Decision on Modification of ISF-2 Design" and After its use in the reactor core, nuclear fuel is to hold over 9000 spent fuel assemblies. Nowadays, Design for Completion of the Constraction the "Conceptual Decision on "Modification of a Nuclear moved to reactor cooling pools to be stored during 4-5 74 containers with spent nuclear fuel are stored in the of the Chornobyl NPP Dry-Type Spent Facility. Handling of Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel at years to decrease residual energy release. storage facility. Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility (ChNPP ISF-2) Chornobyl NPP" for correction. Residual energy release is a process induced by ra- All components for containers manufacturing are At the same time, the SNRCU suggested to the Min- dioactive decay of fission products. After cooling in the produced at plants located in the immediate vicinity to Terms of license EO No.000124 "Construction of a istry for Emergencies and Public Protection against reactor pools, spent fuel is loaded into special contain- ZNPP. Nuclear Facility" issued by the SNRCU on 13 May 2003 Consequences of the Chornobyl Disaster of Ukraine, ers that ensures its safety during transportation and is The experience in storage of spent nuclear fuel provides for construction of ISF-2 only after SNRCU ap- as a state management body and ChNPP, as an oper- sent to a spent fuel storage facility. in "dry" containers gained by Ukrainian experts at the proves the revised ISF-2 Construction Design accord- ating organization, carry out a comprehensive analysis The state of the world nuclear energy under the ZNPP site allowed the operating organization NAEK ing to the established procedure and agrees upon the of all aspects (safe management of SNF and SAA, in- up-to-date level of development in sciences and tech- Energoatom to sign an Agreement with the American ISF-2 Preliminary Safety Analysis Report. ternational and financial aspects) of the SNF and SAA niques does not allow making final conclusions on sub- company "Holtec International" to construct a central- In compliance with the schedule for 2008 after posi- management options. This analysis will result in deter- sequent management of spent fuel. There are several ized dry-type spent nuclear fuel storage facility (CSFSF) tive results of the state review on nuclear and radiation mination of the most optimal option for SNF and SAA approaches to subsequent management of spent fuel for Rivne, Khmelnitsky and South Ukraine NPPs. safety, the SNRCU approved the "Concept for the Com- management to implement ISF-2 project in the future. in the world: The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine parative Analysis in Chornobyl NPP ISF-2 Design". 1. Deferred decision is provided for long-term spent No.131 of 4 February 2008 approved the CSFSF feasi- The SNRCU together with Riskaudit experts carried fuel storage that allow moving a decision on sub- bility study. out the technical assessment of the "Conceptual Deci- sequent spent fuel management taking into ac- sion on Modification of ISF-2 Design". count future technologies and economic factors. Moreover, ChNPP submitted the "Conceptual De- The deferred decision is applied by Argentina, Spent Fuel Management sign on Modification of a Nuclear Facility. Handling of Denmark, Spain, Canada, Lithuania, Germany, at Chornobyl NPP Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel at Chornobyl NPP" to the Norway, South Korea, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, SNRCU. Czech Republic, and Croatia. As of 2009 units No.1,2,3 cooling pools store 3735 ChNPP considers two options for management 2. Processing of spent fuel. There are two types of spent fuel assemblies (henceforth – SFA). 1275 SFA of SNF and spent additional absorbers (henceforth – processing – domestic or abroad: are stored in unit No.1 cooling pools, 1057 SFA – in SAA), namely: • Local processing – processing of spent unit No.2 cooling pools, and 1403 – in unit No.3 • First option (based on the "Conceptual Decision on fuel to obtain components and substances cooling pools. ChNPP ISF-2 Modification"): to divide a spent fuel which usage is economically justified (Great It is difficult to remove all spent nuclear fuel (SNF) assembly (SFA) into two parts and store them in Britain, India, Russia, France, Japan); from Chornobyl NPP units No.1,2,3 until the ISF-2 proj- horizontal canisters in concrete storage modules • Processing in other countries – process- ect is implemented. Considering the abovementioned (henceforth – CSM), SAA are stored in an ISF-2 ing of spent fuel with return of light-level and existing radioactive waste at power units, ChNPP special room; waste back to a country – owner (Australia, had been performing during the last years the activi- • Second option (based on the "Conceptual Decision Bulgaria, Greece, the Netherlands, Switzer- ties on extension of units No.1,2 system and elements’ on "Modification of a Nuclear Facility. Handling of land); lifetime related to SNF storage and radioactive waste Damaged Spent Nuclear Fuel at Chornobyl NPP": 3. Disposal – spent fuel cooling and burial in deep management. SFA and SAA are stored in vertical canisters, SFA geological formations (USA, Finland, and Sweden). division is not envisaged. Chornobyl NPP Wet-Type Spent Nuclear Fuel Nowadays spent fuel from Rivne, Khmelnitsky and Storage Facility (ChNPP ISF-1) The SNRCU notes the acceptability of both options South Ukraine NPPs is transported to Russia. WWER- for SNF and SAA management and their compliance 1000’s spent fuel is transported for storage and WW- As of early 2009, ISF-1 cooling pools housed 17549 with the current regulatory and other acts on safety. ER-440’s spent fuel (RNPP-1,2) - for processing. spent fuel assemblies. During 2006-2007 Chornobyl While comparing both options for SNF and SAA man- Taking into account a substantial concentration of NPP carried out the activities to establish and justify agement, the SNRCU noted the advantages of the sec- power at Zaporizhya NPP-6 with WWER-1000, in 1998 duration and conditions for further ISF-1 operation. ond option relative to handling operations to prepare the decision was made to construct a spent fuel stor- After completion of these activities, in November SNF and SAA for transport because: age facility within the NPP site. 2007 Chornobyl NPP submitted the application with a • SFA division is not envisaged and there is possibil- In 2001, Zaporizhya NPP commissioned a dry spent package of documents needed to obtain a ChNPP ISF-1 ity less number of handling operations with fuel fuel storage facility (DSFSF) which service life consti- operational license to the SNRCU . that results in decrease of SFA damage and dose

26 27 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Dynamics of Radwaste Generated and Processed planned to commission the solid radwaste pro- Radioactive at RNPP (м3) cessing plant which includes: • Retrieval facilities; • Fragmentation and sorting facilities; Waste Management • Supercompactors; • Radiation monitoring systems for the radioactive

waste management.

Based on results of the tender carried out by the European Commission, contracts on manufacture and 975,00 969,50 932,00 1103,00 1550,00 1856,00 1031,00 1612,08 1294,00 325,09 338,02 335,81 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 286,50 2035,32 432,52 Radioactive Waste Management at Dynamics of Radwaste Generated and Processed supply of appropriate equipment were signed with or- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Operating NPPs at ZNPP (m3) ganizations-winners of tenders. Liquid radwaste generated Solid radwaste generated Liquid radwaste processed Solid radwaste processed Radioactive Waste Management at ZNPP For receipt and temporary storage of liquid rad- ry, used sorbents, etc.) are similar to other operating waste RNPP operates iron reservoirs from 100 to Solid and liquid radioactive waste are created during NPPs. 750 m3 in volume that are placed in separate rooms of

operation of ZNPP units and planed outages. The main volumes of solid radioactive waste at active water treatment buildings. Before reuse liquid radioactive waste is treated in RNPP are generated during scheduled repairs (re- In order to collect and store solid radioactive waste water treatment systems, then water returns to the placement of heat insulation, repair of equipment, de- resulting from units’ operation, there are special stor- 978,00 986,00 1337,00 1493,00 1978,5 1223,10 1218,50 1625,00 1613,40 1376,20 1039,00 1278,78 1347,40 1047,00 1368,87 1002,00 1227,87 1362,00 2369,6 282,00 technological process and final treatment products contamination activities, etc.). ages that are also located in active water treatment 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (secondary radioactive waste – vat residue (evapora- Volumes of Liquid Radwaste Generated at SS RNPP buildings. These storages are cells closed with lock- Liquid radwaste generated Solid radwaste generated tion concentrate), slurry, used sorbents, salt fusion Liquid radwaste processed Solid radwaste processed in 2008: • Salt fusion cake – 11,8 %; able hatches to prevent the spread of radioactive con- cake etc.) are transferred to liquid radioactive waste • Vat residue – 83,0 %; tamination and limit exposure to personnel, release storage facilities for cooling and temporary storage. Nowadays ZNPP operates the following radwaste • Used sorbents – 0,2% of radionuclides into the environment. The dynamics processing facilities: Volumes of solid radwaste generated at SS RNPP in of radwaste accumulation in NPP storage facilities is Volumes of Liquid Radwaste Generated at ZNPP in • 2 deep evaporators (processing of vat residue 2008 : • low-level waste – 94,0 %; presented below. 2008: • Salt fusion cake – 15,0 %; (evaporation concentrate); • intermediate-level waste – 4,0 %; • Vat residue – 83,8 %; • Solid radwaste incinerators; • high-level waste – 2,0 % • Slurry – 0,4 %; • Solid radwaste compaction unit; Radioactive waste management at SUNPP • Used sorbents – 0,8% • Solid radwaste sorting unit. SS RNPP operates the following radwaste process- Volumes of Solid Radwaste at ZNPP in 2008 ing facilities: Laundries, floor drains from power units are the main : • low-level waste – 98,0 %; In the framework of the international assistance • Centrifugation facility (flood drains processing); sources of liquid radwaste at SU NPP in 2008. • intermediate-level waste – 1.7 %; it is planned that a radwaste processing complex will • Two deep evaporation facilities (processing of vat The main types of "secondary" liquid radioactive • high-level waste – 0,3 % be commissioned at ZNPP in 2011. This complex will residue (evaporation concentrate). waste are vat residue (evaporation concentrate) and include an incinerator, a supercompacting unit, and a • In 2012 under the international assistance it is used sorbents resulting from active waste treatment fragmentation unit. Appropriate tenders were carried building, they are temporary stored in appropriate out in the European Commission and organizations storage facilities to be cooldonw and prepared for Accumulation of solid radwaste Accumulation of solid radwaste in ZNPP storage facilities (m3) were determined that would manufacture and supply in RNPP storage facilities (m3) their transformation into a solid state and transported relevant equipment in 2008. to specialized enterprises for disposal are. 19 513,00 To receipt and store temporarily liquid radwaste, 13 837,00 ZNPP operates iron reservoirs from 100 to 750 m3 in Volumes of Liquid Radwaste Generated at SU NPP in volume that are placed in separate rooms of active 2008 : • Vat residue – 94,0 %; 6599,41 5831,08 6263,60 8041,95 8828,62 water treatment buildings. 4979,20 5227,99 • Used sorbents – 6,0% 5918,80 6737,10 7515,86 To collect and store solid radioactive waste result- Volumes of Solid Radwaste Generated at SU NPP in 5497,90 4493,00 4751,00 4969,50 5317,70 ing from units’ operation, there are special storages 21,72 182,88 396,5 636,62 916,7 2008: • low-level waste – 98,0 %;

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 that are also located in active water treatment build- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 • intermediate-level waste – 1.7 %; Vol. of solid radwaste accumulated With salt fusion cake ings. These storages are cells closed with lockable Vol. of solid radwaste accumulated With salt fusion cake • high-level waste – 0,3 % Design capacity of storage facilities hatches to prevent the spread of radioactive con- Design capacity of storage facilities tamination and limit exposure to personnel, release of radionuclides into the environment. The dynamics Dynamics of Radwaste Generated and Processed Accumulation of liquid radwaste Accumulation of liquid radwaste of radwaste accumulation in NPP storage facilities is at SUNPP (m3) in ZNPP storage facilities (m3) in RNPP storage facilities (m3) presented below. 4800,00 8390,00

Radioactive waste management at RNPP

2497,10 Floor drains from power units, active water treatment 5320,3 2064,00 2305,00 2435,00 2465,00 6675,60 6370,50 5819,30 buildings and laundries remain the main sources of 6895,50 591,92 184,10 178,4 657,14 382,50 311,40 384,00 330,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 208,00 202,30 471,00 714,70 730,43 729,50 715,06 liquid radwaste at RNPP in 2008. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Generation sources of so-called "secondary" liquid Design capacity of storage facilities Vol. of liquid radwaste accumulated Design capacity of storage facilities Vol. of liquid radwaste accumulated Liquid radwaste generated Solid radwaste generated radwaste (vat residue (evaporation concentrate), slur- Liquid radwaste processed Solid radwaste processed

28 29 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Figure 1. Accumulation of solid radwaste Volumes of Solid Radwaste Generated at hNPP Special storage facilities located also in the rooms in SUNPP storage facilities (m3) Dynamics of solid radwaste loading in storage facili- in 2008: • low-level – 99,2 %; of the waste storage buildings are designed to collect ties of the specialized plants 27 114,00 • intermediate-level – 0,6 %; and store temporarily solid radwaste resulting from Mass of SRW, kg • high-level – 0,2 % power units operation. The disposal facilities are 300 000 constructed in the form of cells closed with hatches The main volumes of solid radwaste at KhNPP are to prevent distribution of radioactive contamination, 200 000

14 839,03 15 234,64 16 242,16 16 532,72 16 526,86 generated during the scheduled and preventive main- and limit the personnel exposure. Dynamics of rad- tenance (replacement of heat isolation, equipment re- waste accumulation in the storage facilities is pre- 100 000 pair, decontamination activities etc). sented below. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 The following radwaste management facilities are Vol. of solid radwaste accumulated 25 000 Design capacity of storage facilities operated at KhNPP: 20 000 • deep evaporation facility (processing of vat resi- Management of Radwaste 15 000 due); from Ionizing Radiation Sources Accumulation of liquid radwaste 10 000 3 • radioactive oil incineration facility; in SUNPP storage facilities (m ) 5 000 • centrifugation facility (processing of floor-drain The use of ionizing radiation sources (IRS) in the 4850,00 0 water). national economy provides generation of radioactive 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 waste. Radwaste should be transferred to the state DSISP KSISP LSISP OSISP KhSISP Storage facilities in the form of metal tanks of 100 inter-regional specialized plants (SISP). The waste to 400 m3 located in separate rooms of waste stor- producers are responsible for the safety of the gener- waste as the ordinary solid radwaste, or without bio- 3208,9 age buildings are used for acceptance and temporary ated radwaste until the moment of its transfer. logical shielding in special disposal boreholes. 3356,50 3030,00 2996,90 3040,10 storage of liquid radwaste at KhNPP. A site for module Six state inter-regional specialized plants: Kyiv As of 02 January 2009 the storage facilities of the radwaste storage (salt fusion cake) in containers is (KSISP), Odessa (OSISP), Kharkiv (KhSISP), - specialized plants contained: 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Design capacity of storage facilities Vol. of liquid radwaste accumulated operated separately. petrovsk (DnISP), (LSISP), and Donetsk (DonISP) • solid low- and intermediate-level radwaste with are incorporated into the state corporation Ukrainian total mass about 8240 t and total activity about Dynamics of Radwaste Generated and Processed State Radon Association UkrDO "Radon". 1.22Е+16 Bq; The main volumes of solid radioactive waste at at KhNPP (m3) Each specialized plant has its own service area. • liquid low- and intermediate-level radwaste with to- RNPP are generated during scheduled repairs (re- Solid radwaste, biological waste contaminated tal volume about 620 m3 and total activity about placement of heat insulation, repair of equipment, de- with radioactive materials and disused ionizing radia- 1.94 Е+12 Bq; contamination activities, etc.). tion sources are transferred to the specialized plants. • spent IRS in biological shielding 288830 units with The Figure shows that the volume of solid radwaste The specialized plants do not accept liquid rad- total activity about 3,10E+16 Bq; generated was reduced at SU NPP under implemen- waste. The waste is preliminary solidified and then • spent IRS without biological shielding 46351 units

tation of certain measures for minimizing radwaste stored as solid radwaste. The liquid radwaste pro- with total activity about 5,84E+14 Bq. generation levels duced by specialized plant is stored in the dedicated 152,33 0,00 265,17 285,37 101,42 160,39 197,27 120,58 185,00 320,21 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 205,11 215,49 240,52 232,77 226,73 212,28 SU NPP operates the solid radwaste compaction tanks. Dynamics of loading solid radwaste, spent shield- 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 unit. Solid radwaste is stored in the containers in the ed and unshielded IRS into storage facilities of the Liquid radwaste generated Solid radwaste generated For receipt and temporary storage of liquid rad- Liquid radwaste processed Solid radwaste processed storage facilities for solid radwaste. specialized plants within 2000-2008 is presented in waste SU NPP operates iron reservoirs from 190 to Biological radwaste is placed separately from solid Figure 1-3. Accumulation of solid radwaste 500 m3 in volume that are placed in separate rooms of radwaste in special storage facilities with the use of The specialized plants perform their activity based in KhNPP storage facilities (m3) active water treatment buildings. layered concreting technology. on licenses of the State Nuclear Regulatory Commit- In order to collect and store temporary solid radio- 10 292,00 Spent ionizing radiation sources are stored bio- tee of Ukraine issued for radwaste collection, trans- active waste resulting from units’ operation, there are logically shielded in the storage facilities for solid rad- port, processing and storage. To make a decision on special storages that are also located in active water 3847,25 4123,98 Figure 2. Figure 3. treatment buildings. The dynamics of radwaste accu- 3342,20 3527,13 3109,43 Dynamics of shielded spent IRS loading in storage Dynamics of unshielded spent IRS loading in storage mulation in NPP storage facilities is presented below. facilities of the specialized plants facilities of the specialized plants 645,4 671,6 700,4 750,4 785,60 Number of IRS, pcs Number of IRS, pcs Radioactive Waste Management at KhNPP 25 000 900 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Vol. of solid radwaste accumulated With salt fusion cake 800 Floor-drain water from the power units and special Design capacity of storage facilities 20 000 700 storage buildings remains the main source of liquid Accumulation of liquid radwaste 600 radioactive waste at KhNPP. 3 in KhNPP storage facilities (m ) 15 000 Similarly to other NPPs, end products of liquid rad- 500 waste processing – so-called "secondary" liquid rad- 3050,00 400 waste (vat residue (evaporation concentrate), sludge, 10 000 used sorbents and etc.) are sent to liquid radwaste 300 storage facilities for cooling and temporary storage. 200 5 000 630,90 632,3 596,60 100 Volumes of Liquid Radwaste Generated at KhNPP in 178,20 240,52 2008: • Salt fusion cake – 14,0 %; 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 • Vat residue – 85,0 %; Design capacity of storage facilities Vol. of liquid radwaste accumulated DSISP KSISP LSISP OSISP KhSISP DSISP KSISP LSISP OSISP KhSISP • Oil – 1,0%

30 31 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

further management of "historical radwaste" located signed capacity of 15 000 m3 was increased as agreed plex on Radwaste Decontamination, Transport, Pro- • disposing or long-term storage of radwaste gener- in the facilities of the specialized plants, the licensees with the regulator) is about 40 000 m3. In this regard cessing and Disposal). ated at industrial enterprises, medical, research should make safety assessment of existing facilities. the Ministry for Emergencies, as a state body respon- According to the feasibility study the Complex and other institutions; Reference levels of individual doses for personnel cible for radwaste management, has made a decision "Vector" should be constructed in two stages. Stage • disposing high-level radioactive waste produced of category A, reference levels of permissible radionu- to reconstruct the "Buryakivka" RWDS by constructing І is intended for disposal of short-lived radwaste re- as a result of processing spent nuclear fuel of clides concentration in the air of working areas, and six additional trenches to place 120k m3 of radwaste. sulted from Chornobyl accident. The design provides Ukrainian NPPs in the Russian Federation. reference levels of radiation monitoring parameters At the "Pidlisny" RWDS (operated from December for construction of 13 disposal facilities of TRO-1 In 2008, the feasibility study of the Complex "Vec- for category B were not exceeded in 2008 at the spe- 1986 to 1988) modules А-1 and B-1 with total capac- type, and 40 disposal facilities of TRO-2 type within tor" Stage II investment was endorsed by stakehold- cialized plants. ity 22880 m3 are partially filled with long-lived high- Stage I. ers in order to submit it to the Cabinet of Ministers of level radwaste (volume - 3960 m3, activity - 1,0 Е+15 To speed up the "Vector" commissioning, the Ukraine for approval as a basis for designing and con- Bq) and low- and intermediate-level radwaste (vol- Startup complex was separated from the design of structing the radwaste management facilities. Radioactive Waste Management ume – 7040 m3, activity - 2,5 Е+12 Bq). Stage I; it includes the infrastructure facilities and Before designing specific facilities within Stage in the Exclusion Zone At the "ChNPP Stage III" RWDS (operated till the one radwaste disposal facility of each type (TRO-1 – II, Technocenter should develop and endorse by the end of 1986) radwaste with total volume of about for radwaste disposal in ferroconcrete containers, State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine the The Chornobyl Exclusion Zone is a part of Ukrainian 26200 m3 and activity 3,91Е+14 Bq is placed. TRO-2 – module – for radwaste disposal in bulk). The following documents: territory contaminated with radionuclides as a result The "Pidlisny" and "ChNPP Stage III" RWDS are not infrastructure facilities of the Startup complex should • implementation strategy for the Complex "Vector" of Chornobyl accident. This radwaste varies greatly operated; "Complex" performs routine safety activities also provide operation of the engineered near-surface Stage II which, in particular, will determine an on its radionuclide composition and specific activity at the sites. Radiation and environmental monitoring disposal facility for solid radwaste ENSDF (LOT-3 IC- optimized radwaste management scheme, prior- levels. of the RWDS environment detected no exceeding of SRM) constructed at the "Vector" site and funded by ity of the facilities design and construction, their Total radwaste volume (Shelter excluded) is about reference levels for radionuclide contamination of air the European Commission within the ChNPP decom- capacity, lifetime, appropriate technologies etc., 2.8 million m3; over 2.0 million m3 of it with total ac- and soil. missioning program. based on the more accurate assessment of rad- tivity of about 7х10E+15 Bq is located at radwaste dis- In 2008 "Complex" analyzed the safety of the In 2008 the following documents submitted within waste volumes and characteristics; posal sites (RWDS) and radwaste interim confinement "ChNPP Stage III" RWDS and disposal facilities of the the licensing process on the Complex "Vector" Stage • document with integral system of permissible sites (RICS). "Pidlisny" RWDS. The mentioned work was performed I radwaste disposal facilities operation were consid- (design) levels as regards limitation of Stage II The main radwaste management enterprises in within the development of the projects for closure of ered for disposal facilities TRO-1 and TRO-2: facilities radiation impact for their operation pe- the Exclusion Zone are State Specialized Enterprises the "ChNPP Stage III" RWDS and the "Pidlisny" RWDS • safety analysis report for disposal facilities TRO-1, riod and after closure of the radwaste disposal "Complex" and "Technocenter" which are the operating to comply with the special conditions of license. and TRO-2 taking into consideration the design facilities. organizations of radwaste disposal facilities and have RICS is composed of trenches and clamps with ra- documents related to amending the design of the appropriate licenses of the State Nuclear Regulatory dioactive waste. Total number of the revealed trench- Complex "Vector" Stage I: "Main amendments and Committee of Ukraine. es is about 1000 units. "Complex" performs activities technical decisions on design", "Main amend- ments to technical decisions", "Main amend- Figure 4. Dynamics of solid radwaste transfer to the Buryakivka RWDS ments to construction decisions"; for disposal for 2000-2008. • emergency plan of the Complex "Vector" (common for TRO-1, TRO-2 and ENSDF), • design document as regards the Complex "Vector" dose monitoring system.

One of the main issues to be solved in the licensing process as regards operation of the radwaste dispos- 23755,25 26063,89 29145,78 35022,72 25883,99 25920,49 23572,55 23213,28 22826,40 al facilities – ENSDF and TRO-1, TRO-2 – is to assess total long-term impact of these and other facilities 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 planned at the "Vector" site. The "Complex" collects, processes and transports on RICS examination, certification and radwaste re- ChNPP is a radwaste supplier to ENSDF. To fill radwaste in the Exclusion Zone, operates the Burya- disposal from them. In particular, research and indus- TRO-1 and TRO-2 disposal facilities the operating or- kivka RWDS, monitors conservated Pidlisny RWDS trial work on radwaste re-disposal from the trench ganization should cooperate with the suppliers who and ChNPP Stage III RWDS, monitors RICS. "Naftobaza RICS" has been performed. will collect, remove, certify, sort, process and condi- RWDS and RICS in the Exclusion Zone were formed Despite the fact that in 2008 the costs provided tion radwaste from Exclusion Zone in order to prepare under the extreme post-accident conditions in 1986. for closure of the "Buryakivka" RWDS trenches No. 25, it for disposal in the Complex "Vector" Stage I disposal That is why the first-priority directions of the licensed 27 and 28 (completely filled with radwaste) were allo- facilities. activity of Complex is maintaining of RWDS and RICS cated in full scope, "Complex" did not provide isolation Vector complex Stage ІІ is constructed for: in the safe condition. of the trenches and appropriate control of compliance • processing and long-term storage of long-lived "Buryakivka" RWDS was constructed in 1986 right with the closure technologies in due time. As a result radioactive waste resulting from Chornobyl acci- after the Chornobyl accident and has been operated of violation of rules and standards on nuclear and ra- dent; since 1987. diation safety the Director of "Complex" was penalized • disposing short-lived radioactive waste resulting As of 01 January 2009 radwaste with total mass according to law. from the Shelter operation and waste to be gen- of about 1130.5 thousand tons and total activity "Technocenter" has the appropriate license and erated during the Shelter transformation into an 2.47х10E+15 Bq (estimated value) was located in the carries out the activity on design and construction of ecologically safe system; "Buryakivka" RWDS. Design capacity of the Buryakivka three radwaste disposal facilities (TRO-1, TRO-2 and • disposing short-lived radioactive waste resulting RWDS is about to be exhausted – the remained free ENSDF) and the facilities technologically related to from NPP operation and waste to be generated at volume of 30 design trenches of 22 000 m3 each (de- them at the "Vector" site ("Vector" – Industrial Com- decommissioning of all NPPs;

32 33 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

In 2008, radiation indicators tended to be stable. Shelter liquid radwaste is generated in the decontam- Shelter Transformation Reference levels of γ-radiation exposure dose rate ination of rooms, equipment and tools, dust suppression, and radioactive contamination were not exceeded at operation of check points and results from natural fac- Into Ecologically Safe System. off-site facilities, site and Shelter attended and peri- tors: penetration of precipitation into the Shelter through Chornobyl Npp odically attended premises. Shelter releases and ra- loose places and moisture condensation. Dynamics in the registered maximum values of γ-radiation EDR in cooling pool.

Decommissioning Gamma-radiation ERD, R/h R2=0,9432 6000

5000

4000

• Practical activities were continued on creation of 3000

the Shelter integrated automated monitoring sys- 2000 tem; 1000 • Measures were taken on Shelter physical protec- 0 tion upgrading; • Working design on the Shelter fire protection sys- 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 tem was endorsed. dioactive airborne concentrations in Shelter premises As compared with 2007, the volume of liquid ra- and on adjacent territories did not exceed reference dioactive waste removed from the Shelter in 2008 Urgent stabilization measures were levels. decreased by 20 m3 and made up 2818 m3 with total completed on Shelter Observation of dynamics in concentration of ra- activity 7,54E+10 Bq that is by 1,45E+9 Bq higher than dionuclides in water accumulations inside the Shelter in 2007. Shelter activities are carried out under License EO was continued. This is due to the destruction of lava- During Shelter activities, radiation and dosimetric No. 000033 issued by the State Nuclear Regulatory like FCM and leaching of uranium and plutonium from monitoring is ensured, as well as accounting for dose Committee of Ukraine to Chornobyl NPP in December them. Uncontrolled accumulation of such water (liquid loadings of ChNPP personnel and subcontracting or- 2001. The license established the scope of authorized radioactive waste (LRW)) leads to greater migration of ganizations. Shelter Safety State activity, its conditions for Shelter transformation into radionuclides in Shelter premises and outside it. In In 2008 the average individual dose of ChNPP per- an ecologically safe system within the Shelter Imple- order to decrease the volume of water penetrating in- sonnel worked at the Shelter did not exceed previous To improve the Shelter safety and transfer it into an mentation Plan (SIP). side the Shelter, in the second half of 2008 the ChNPP year values and is 2,05 mSv, that is 73% of the level ecologically safe system in 2008: Shelter nuclear safety is ensured through a system completed repair of the light roof over the Shelter cen- in 2007. of administrative and technical measures and routine tral hall. The average individual doses of subcontracting • Urgent stabilization measures were completed; monitoring of fuel-containing materials (FCM), which Mixed construction waste resulted from dismount- personnel were reduced by about 23% as compared • Light cover over the Shelter central hall was re- must be remained sub critical and a self-sustained ing of Pilot Wall Berm, preparation of the territory for with previous year and made up 4,50 mSv. paired; chain fission reaction must be prevented by introduc- construction of the Shelter new safe confinement, Representatives of the ChNPP State Nuclear Safe- • Development of the "Document on Safety under ing neutron-absorbing mixtures. and upgrading of the physical protection system is the ty Inspectorate and SNRCU Department on Radwaste the Concept of the First Startup Complex of New The Shelter safety is permanently assessed source of solid radwaste generation source during the Safe Management and Decommissioning supervise Safe Confinement"(DBKP) was completed; through routine measurements of FCM monitoring pa- Shelter activity. the safety of Shelter-related activities. • Working design for new ventilation piping of ChNPP rameters (exposure dose rate of γ-radiation, neutron As compared with 2007, the total amount of solid II stage was agreed upon; flux density). radwaste resulting from Shelter operation and SIP • Activities were started within the agreed projects In 2008, monitoring systems recorded no inci- activities increased by 549 tons and made up 1383 Shelter New Safe Confinement on preparatory work for new safe confinement dents caused by changes in the above FCM param- tons with total activity 2,51E+11 Bq that is by 1,93E+11 (NSC) construction: cleaning of territory, dis- eters. Exposure dose rate of γ-radiation and neutron Bq higher than in 2007. This is conditioned by fulfill- The New Safe Confinement for the Shelter (NSC) is mounting and transfer of buildings, excavation flux density in FCM accumulations have not essen- ment of large scope of preparatory activities for NSC one of the main SIP designs. for construction of NSC foundations at the Shelter tially changed and remain within the indicators for design. In 2008 ChNPP continued preparatory activities site; previous years. under construction of the first start-up complex of the

SRW generation dynamics during activities at the Shelter Dynamics of Volumes of Removed Liquid Radwaste as Compared with Precipitation Mass, t Activity, Bq Precipitation, mm/year Liquid radwaste volume, m3 105 1014 800 4500 700 4000 104 1013 600 3500 500 300 103 1012 400 2500 300 2000 102 1011 200 1500 100 1000 10 1010 0 500 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Mass, t Activity, Bq Precipitation Liquid radwaste volume

34 35 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Shelter New Safe Confinement (NSC SC-1). In May the Shelter Structural Stabilization sion on the possible lifetime extension of ChNPP unit Radioactive Waste Management Pilot Wall Berm was removed to prepare the south- No. 2 systems affecting upon safe management of at ChNPP ern area of the Shelter territory for NSC foundations. The Shelter containment is a combination of "old" spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste beyond the In the second part of 2008 ChNPP started practical structures of the destroyed Chornobyl NPP unit No. designed period" and unit No. 2 inspection results, Radioactive waste management at "Chornobyl activities to clean the territory, transfer buildings and 4 and "new" structures erected after the accident. In the SNRCU Board recognized that the state of the unit NPP" is implemented according to the conditions structures, perform excavation within the Shelter site 2008 the stabilization design of the Shelter building systems and components related to storage of spent established in the licenses of the State Nuclear to construct NSC foundations. structures (containment) was completed. nuclear fuel and radioactive waste management al- Regulatory Committee of Ukraine: In December 2008, the SNRCU under comprehen- Structures of this unique construction serve as a lows their safe operation beyond the design lifetime License ЕО No. 000040 of 22 March 2002 to de- sive state review considered and endorsed the con- physical barrier against radioactive and ionizing ra- till 21 December 2018. commission Chornobyl NPP; struction design for a new ventilation pipe of ChNPP II diation releases into the environment and limit atmo- In March 2008 ChNPP developed and the SNRCU License ЕО No. 000033 of 30 December 2001 to stage. The existing pipe prevents from construction of spheric impact on internal structures, accumulation endorsed the "Chornobyl NPP Decommissioning operate the Chornobyl Shelter; NSC and is to be dismantled. A new ventilation pipe is of fuel containing materials, other radioactive waste Program" (henceforth – Decommissioning Program) License OV No. 000334 of 23 August 2006 to to be installed before new safe confinement shifting inside the Shelter. Durability and lifetime of these which: transport radioactive materials. to the designed position. structures is very urgent to ensure the Shelter nuclear • Describtion in detail and justification of the select- In the framework of its activity the SNRCU consid- and radiation safety. ed decommissioning strategy for Chornobyl NPP Liquid radioactive waste resulting from the previ- ered the compliance with safety requirements during There were carried out 7 urgent stabilization mea- units – "postponed dismounting" that provides for ous operation is stored in two storage facilities at NSC construction to be the priority task to protect per- sures, and in 2008 also the light roof over the Shelter the following stages: ChNPP site which are connected with each other by sonnel, the public and the environment against ioniz- central hall was repaired. The activities performed – complete closure and preservation of reac- special piping for liquid radioactive waste transpor- ing radiation impact. were aimed at stabilizing beams B1/B2 support ar- tor facilities – 2013-2022; tation, and in temporary storage for spent radioac- The SNRCU carries out nuclear and radiation safe- eas (strengthening of the Shelter western fragment), – cooldown of reactor facilities – 2022-2045; tive oil. ty review of designs for NSC construction, state su- deaerator stack framework, northern and southern – reactor facilities dismounting – 2046-2064; As of the end of 2008, the ChNPP liquid radioac- pervision over compliance with safety requirements shields, southern shields - "rabbles", supporting ar- • establishes the priority, duration and the main con- tive waste storage facilities contained: 13214 m3 of at practical activities, involvement of other regulatory eas of the Mamont beam. tent of stages describing qualitative state of the vat residue (evaporation concentrate), 4054,90 m3 bodies into the review of designs in appropriate safe- At the end of October 2008 resulting from urgent facility after each stage; of spent ion-exchange resins, 2258,12 m3 of pearl- ty areas: the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Min- stabilization measures and repair of the light roof, the • includes information needed to apply this docu- ite pulp, 104,8 m3 of spent radioactive contaminat- istry for Regional Development and Construction of State acceptance commission accepted the facility ment as a Guide for Chornobyl NPP power units ed oil. Total volume of accumulated liquid radioac- Ukraine (Minregionbud), the Ministry of Environmental into operation after the activities carried out. decommissioning; tive waste is 19631,82 m3. Protection of Ukraine, the State Committee of Ukraine Safe operation life of the stabilized Shelter struc- • establishes an hierarchic documentation system During 2008, 57 m3 of vat residue (evaporation on Industrial Safety, Labor Protection and Mining Su- tures is 15 years. It is planned that a new safe confine- (from general to specification) to be developed concentrate), 30,25 m3 of spent ion- exchange res- pervision (Derzhgirpromnahlyad) and the State Fire ment will be constructed which will allow dismounting under decommissioning. ins, 5,60 m3 of pearlite pulp were produced at ChN- Safety Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Shelter non-stable structures and carry out ef- PP and transported for storage. of the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine (Derzhpo- forts to remove fuel containing materials from it. The main objective of the Decommissioning Pro- Solid radioactive waste resulting from ChNPP zhbezpeky). gram is to ensure strategic planning of activities, operation and mitigation of the 1986 accident is The SNRCU implemented and carried out regular cost estimate, human sources including all neces- stored in the solid radioactive waste storage facil- meetings between the Joint Coordination Team with Chornobyl NPP sary justification that will allow starting the develop- ity at the ChNPP site that is designed to store solid the participation of ChNPP and NSC –SC-1 Contrac- Decommissioning ment of individual Decommissioning projects. In the radioactive waste of activity groups I, II and III. The tor– "Novarka" to improve effectiveness of the state framework of the project under technical coopera- solid radioactive waste storage facility is a surface regulation on nuclear and radiation safety under NSC ChNPP units 1, 2 and 3 are in the stage of operation tion with IAEA in 2008 expert mission was carried concrete structure divided into three groups of sec- SC-1 activity and to reduce regulatory risks under this termination. Unit 1 was shut down in November 1996, out associated with consideration and discussion tions. The storage compartments are conservated design. unit 2 in October 1991 and unit 3 in December 2000. of ChNPP proposals to structure and content of "De- and the storage facility does not receive radioactive In January 2009 the SNRCU endorsed the Docu- For reference: operation termination is the final commissioning design. Stage of final closure and waste since the industrial complex for solid rad- ment on safety developed by the Consortium Novarka stage in the operation of a nuclear installation over preservation of Chornobyl NPP units No. 1, 2, 3". waste management is being constructed. The total under the Concept of NSC SC-1 (DBKP) that showed which nuclear fuel is completely removed from it or Resulting from the mission, IAEA experts submitted volume of solid radwaste in the liquid radwaste stor- the minimal compliance with the tasks aimed at re- is placed in spent fuel storage facilities designed for the report including recommendations. It is planned age facility is as follows: 1096 m3 – of group I waste, duction of regulatory risks under this design. long-term safe storage of spent nuclear fuel. that the abovementioned design will be developed 926,5 m3 - of group II waste, 506,93 m3 – of group Further decrease in regulatory risks has to be en- On September 26, 2007 the SNRCU endorsed the by 2011. III waste. sured at subsequent stages of the design through Chornobyl NPP decision "On possible extension of op- Low- and intermediate- level solid radwaste re- consideration of comments of expert conclusions to eration of unit No 1 systems affecting upon SNF and sulting from unit operation termination and Shelter DBKP, interaction of ChNPP, Contractor of the NSC radwaste management beyond the design lifetime till transformation into an ecologically safe system is first startup complex, regulatory bodies and their sup- the unit critical components be investigated". transferred to the "Buryakivka" radwaste disposal port organizations. On December 19, 2008 the SNRCU Board consid- site (RWDS) of the "Complex" in the Exclision Zone. ered lifetime extension of ChNPP unit No. 2 systems In 2008, 3016,50 m3 (3003,50 t) of low-level waste and components related to spent nuclear fuel storage was transported to the "Buryakivka" RWDS for dis- and radioactive waste management beyond the de- posal. signed period. High –level waste is collected into containers Taking into account positive conclusions of the (KTZV-0.2) designed to transport and store solid state nuclear and radiation safety review, the "Deci- radwaste of group III and is placed into the special temporary storage for solid high-level waste at ChN- * The first startup complex of NSC (NSC SC-1) is a protective building with process systems of life support and necessary PP site. In 2008, the temporary storage facility for infrastructure (Strategy for NSC design further implementation). solid high-level did not receive waste for storage.

36 37 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

The temporary storage facility for solid high-level SGN/Ansaldo) because of failure to fulfill contrac- Resulting from NRS review results, the SNRCU waste accommodates approximately 0,81 m3 of high- tual obligations. In 2007 after the meeting of the provided detailed comments to the main licensing level and long-lived solid waste with the total activity Assembly of Donors to the Nuclear Safety Account, documents - ENSDF Safety Analysis Report (Revi- of about 0.5 TBq. activities on LRTP design were renewed. In accor- sion 1) and Acceptance Criteria (Revision 3) to be dance with the "Strategy for completion of the liquid taken into account by a Licensee while their revision. radwaste treatment plant" approved at this meeting, Under these conditions and resulting from leaks in Radioactive Waste Management the work to be done is divided into four packages, the drain gallery and other drawbacks detected dur- Infrastructure at Chornobyl NPP which will be performed by national contractors after ing inspection it is recommended that Tekhnocenter tendering and contracting in compliance with EBRD revise the package of licensing documents. Infrastructure facilities for radwaste management rules. This work covers: a number of modifications In order to be sure that safety objectives related are constructed at the ChNPP site within to the project, particularly, relative to the liquid rad- to the subsequent operation of ENSDF are achieved, international assistance projects for Chornobyl NPP waste retrieval from storage tanks and its transport the SNRCU has initiated involvement of the Euro- decommissioning. They include: to LRTP for processing; creation of the automated pean Commission, as an investor of ICSRM project Liquid radwaste treatment plant (LRTP); process control system; revision of liquid radwaste implementation, into discussion of urgent issues Industrial complex for solid radwaste manage- treatment prescriptions to optimize them and to relative to licensing of ENSDF facility under partici- ment (ICSRM) consisting of: bring cemented radwaste into the compliance with pation of all stakeholders. Lot 1- solid radwaste retrieval facility, the acceptance criteria for disposal in ENSDF; de- The SNRCU has arranged and carries on a dia- Lot 2 – solid radwaste processing plant, velopment of a final safety analysis report. logue with Technocenter relative to appropriate re- Lot 0 - temporary storage for low- and inter- In 2008 only the contract with OJSC KIEP (Kyiv In- vision of the package of licensing documents in the mediate-level long-lived and high-level rad- stitute Energoproekt) was concluded for design ac- following aspects: long-term safety of the disposal waste designed for interim (during 30 years) tivities. Tendering for other activities is postponed facility, design decisions, operational safety, accep- storage of long-lived and high-level radwaste till 2009. tance criteria. that will result from in sorting at Lot 2, as well Currently, the facility is not completed and ChN- Taking into account that ICSRM and LRTP facili- as for storage of high-level radwaste resulting PP performs operational maintenance of systems ties represent a single technological complex, ChN- from preparatory activities for NSC construc- and equipment. PP and Tekhnocenter have to establish and ensure tion, observance of the monitoring procedures and meth- Lot 3 – ENSDF - engineered near-surface dis- ods for LRTP and LOT 2 products characteristics. posal facility for solid radwaste construct- Industrial complex for solid radwaste management ed at the "Vector" site with the capacity of (hereinafter ICSRM) is funded by the European 50250 m³ for disposal of conditioned ChNPP Commission within TACIS Program and by radwaste: concrete containers from Lot 2 and contribution from the State budget of Ukraine. 200 liter drums of LRTP. During 2008 construction activities at LOTs 1, 2 are completed, almost all equipment is mounted, Contractor carried out individual tests of mounted The liquid radwaste treatment plant systems and equipment. To carry out "active" tests, (LRTP) is intended to process radwaste resulting ChNPP has to obtain an individual written permit of from ChNPP operation and mitigation at the ChNPP the SNRCU for Lots 1, 2 commissioning after "non- of the 1986 accident, and to process liquid radwaste active" comprehensive tests. to be generated in ChNPP decommissioning. Contractor performed the whole scope of activi- In 2006 the contract was terminated with the ties provided for by the contract (Amendment No.4) contractor (international consortium of Belgatom/ relative to construction of temporary storage facility LOT 0 in view of which the "Certificate on LOT 0 ac- ceptance within ICSRM" was signed and the report on the "non-active" comprehensive startup testing results was issued. To avoid delays in licensing of this temporary storage facility, the SNRCU initiated reviewing draft safety analysis report for LOT 0 sub- mitted by ChNPP. The construction of LOT 3 disposal facility (ENS- DF) at the Vector site has been completed. The certificate of the State Acceptance Commission on commissioning the constructed facility was signed on 12 May 2008. The infrastructure facilities that have to ensure ENSDF operation are common for ENSDF and the first start-up stage of the Complex "Vector". A number of them are constructed and ac- cepted by the State Acceptance Commission. In August 2008 the SNRCU considered the Tech- nocenter application to obtain a license for ENSDF "Vector" site operation and a package of licensing documents.

38 39 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

The IRRS mission has determined that the system erence dose for single-type radiodiagnosis proce- Safety In of regulatory activity in the area of "radiation safety" dures. meets mainly the international requirements, however, In 2008 the SNRCU has carried out measures to needs to be improved as regards the state regulation implement Technical Specification of sealed IRS ap- Use Of Ionizing of IRS use safety in medicine, namely: proved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Improving cooperation between the SNRCU and of Ukraine No. 1382 of 05 December 2007, namely: the Ministry of Health of Ukraine relative to the state the national standards, which in case of voluntary Radiation Sources regulation of radiation safety; use, prove IRS compliance with the Technical Speci- Bringing health and safety rules into compliance fication requirements were analyzed and their list An ionizing radiation source (hereinafter - IRS) is a inafter – State inspectorates) covering 27 administra- with IAEA standards and Euratom Directives; was drawn up; proposals on assignment of a body to physical object containing radioactive substance tive and territorial units of Ukraine and located in the Developing state standards for medical equipment assess the compliance of sealed IRS with the Techni- or a technical device which generates or can following cities: Kyiv, Rivne, Ivano-Frankivsk, Odesa, with IRS, procedures and methodologies to test this cal Specification requirements are submitted to the generate ionizing radiation under certain conditions. Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Simferopol, Kharkiv. equipment; State Committee of Consumer Standard (Derzhspo- Radioactivity is first of all the energy represented as During 2008, 359 licenses were issued/reissued Introducing a unified state system for control and zhyvstandart). invisible waves or particles that are called radiation. to implement activity on IRS use. 100 of them are is- account of individual exposure doses. In accordance with the requirements of the regu- Why ionizing radiation sources are hazardous? Ra- sued to medical institutions which use IRS for diag- These aspects are the SNRCU first-priority activi- latory and legal acts, sources with expired lifetime diation technologies, as any other technologies, are nostic and therapeutic procedures, 76 licenses – for ties for 2009-2010 and are included to the Action Plan (spent) are to be transferred to specialized enterpris- related to significant benefits for mankind and, in enterprises which repair and maintain generating de- to implement IAEA mission recommendations and es on radwaste management. so doing, to certain risks. High exposure doses can vices and equipment containing sealed IRS. Entities suggestions. An issue to be solved as soon as possible nowadays jeopardize human health or cause cancer or genetic that have no licenses obtain prescriptions to termi- In 2008 the SNRCU has carried out activities to is to ensure further safe storage of spent high-level anomalies. Therefore, benefit of IRS applied in medi- nate the use of IRS, and enforcements are taken ac- ensure effective radiation protection in medicine, IRS stored involuntary by their owners at sites within cine, industry, scientific research etc. must be signifi- cording to the established procedure. namely: a long period of time (over 10 years). Such IRS include cantly higher as compared with potential harm related Licenses on IRS production activity were obtained • Started analyzing practices and legislation of high-level sources manufactured mainly to 1990 to to additional human exposure. It is also obvious, that by 19 entities: 9 of them manufacture medical gener- Ukraine and EU countries concerning radiation be applied in exposure installations of Ukrainian sci- it is necessary to prevent possible accidents. ating devices, 6 manufacture industrial and scientific protection of personnel and patients during IRS entific institutions, measurement and diagnostic de- Failure to comply with safety standards and rules generating devices, 3 – gamma-source units contain- medical application; vices, therapeutic installations. This situation results in the use of IRS may cause routine or potential expo- ing sealed IRS; 1 manufactures control IRS. • Completed development and registered in the Min- from a lack of IRS owners’ costs to transfer them for sure of personnel and/or the public and contamina- The state system on account and control of IRS – istry of Justice of Ukraine: "Safety Requirements subsequent safe storage to specialized enterprises tion of the environment. the State IRS Register is arranged in Ukraine (com- and Conditions (Licensing terms) to Implement on radwaste management. In order to decrease the probability of radiation mercial operation of the Register started March the Activity on Ionizing Radiation Sources Use To solve this issue the SNRCU made practical and accidents, systems for state regulation of radiation 2007). To ensure state control of and account of IRS, in Radiotherapy" approved by SNRCU Ordinance administrative steps to develop the State program safety are established in the world. they are recorded in the State Register in compliance No.193 of 28 December 2007, registered in the "Ensuring safe storage of spent high-level ionizing ra- Ukraine, like most other countries, performs regu- with the "Procedure for State Registration of Ionizing Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, Reg. No.31/14722 diation sources" (hereinafter – Program) approved by latory control over IRS and associated legal activities. Radiation Sources" improved by the Resolution of of 18 January 2008 and "Requirements to the the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine IRS use at the territory of Ukraine is based on a autho- the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukiraine No. 1718 of 16 Quality Control System in Diagnostic and Thera- No.1092 of 03 August 2006. rizing (licensing) principle whose objective, in compli- November 2000. peutic Procedures Using IRS" approved by SN- To fulfill the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers ance with the legislation, is to: By the end of 2008 the information on 25 305 IRS RCU Ordinance of No. 166 of 03 October 2008, of Ukraine No.56-21/999-10 of 19 March 2007 and • ensure use of those IRS that meet the internation- was entered into the Register computerized database: registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, No.55-21/2386-10 of 16 June 2007, the SNRCU in ally recognized requirements based on compre- 14 166 – sealed IRS, 289 – open IRS, 10 850 – gen- Reg. No.1054/15745 of 29 October 2008; 2008 developed draft the Resolution of the Cabinet hensive assessment of all the factors affecting erating devices; 549 – owners of radionuclide IRS, • Provision on Cooperation between the SNRCU and of Ministers of Ukraine "On New Revision of the State the safety, in particular, physical protection; 2476 – owners of generating devices. Also the infor- the Ministry of Health relative to Radiation Safety Target Program for Ensuring Safe Storage of Spent • permit the activity with IRS for those physical per- mation was entered into the Register on import of 254 State Regulation was developed and approved by High-Level Sources of Ionizing Radiation". sons or legal entities only that can ensure meeting radionuclide IRS to Ukraine, on 176 manufactured IRS, SNRCU and the Ministry of Health of Ukraine ap- Due date of the Program - 2007-2010, approxi- the requirements of the legislation, regulations, 250 cases when IRS owner is changed, 361 IRS trans- proved. mate amount of budgetary financing is 6,4 million rules and standards on nuclear and radiation ferred to the category of radwaste and transported to of hryvnyas, including for 2008 - 150 thousand of safety. specialized radwaste management enterprises, 46 X- In the framework of the Ukrainian-Swedish co- hryvnyas. ray units taken off from registration as those put out operation two international workshops were held in The SNRCU and other central executive bodies The SNRCU priority tasks in IRS use are to imple- of service and written off, 161 sealed IRS and 18 X-ray 2008 in Kyiv (28-29 October 2008 and 8-11 Decem- made significant efforts to involve the international ment preventive measures aimed at restriction of ac- units exported from Ukraine. ber 2008): "Use of PET-technologies in nuclear medi- technical support to implement measures provided cess to IRS to exclude possible IRS loss or theft, en- The SNRCU under IAEA support, exercises regular cine: technologies, legislation and control" and "Qual- for by this Program. sure observance of the requirements on IRS physical activities to ensure IRS safety and security. Result- ity systems and quality control in X-ray diagnostics". In particular, in 2008 the SNRCU implemented protection, exercise efficient state supervision and ing from the IAEA mission conducted in June 2008 a More than 150 representatives of medical institutions measures to prepare an international technical assis- licensing of IRS use, and ensure state account and "good practice" was pointed out relative to: participated in these workshops. tance project "Decommissioning of exposure installa- control of IRS, implement safety culture on IRS man- • Ensuring the state account and control of IRS; The first-priority areas for future international tions and ensuring of safe storage of ionizing radiation agement. • State supervision and licensing of IRS application cooperation is to improve personnel and patients sources". State regulation (rule-making, supervision, licens- and production; radiation protection through developing in Ukraine Jointly with the representatives of German Reac- ing activity) to ensure nuclear and radiation safety • Perfection in licensing conditions for medical insti- and putting the quality control system in medical tors and Facilities Safety Association (GRS mbH) – the and the international safety regimes at the Ukrainian tutions; radiology into the practice of medical institutions; project executor from the German party reviewed and territory is exercised by eight SNRCU State regional • Methodological support to scrap metal suppliers to develop programs to train medical physicists; to determined a number of scientific institutions and en- inspectorates on nuclear and radiation safety (here- relative to assurance of radiation monitoring. improve the licensing system and determining ref- terprises-bankrupts to be involved in the project.

40 41 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

In the framework of this project in 2009 - 2012 it age" mode, health procedures were stopped, procedural district) during inspection of observance of radiation is envisaged that spent IRS from a number of enter- equipment room was locked and sealed. Personnel of safety requirements, West State Inspectorate detect- prises be removed, transported and receipt for further the Private Scientific and Production Enterprise "Cobalt- ed absence of two IRS with radionuclide Cs-137 em- storage. Service" carried out an unscheduled repair. According to bedded into gamma-relay GR-7 with activity of about Successful implementation of these projects will preliminary information the IRS failure to return to the 5E+9 Bq. allow solving the issue relative to spent IRS and en- "storage" mode was caused by damage of mechanical Since 2002 OJSC "Oriana" was announced a bank- sure their further safe storage. parts of the gate valve. Gamma-therapeutic equipment rupt and was at the stage of reorganization, IRS were AGAT-R1 used in Ivano-Frankivsk oncology health center stored in an unequipped room without meeting the Radiation Accidents with IRS was manufactured in 1990. Gamma-therapeutic equip- radiation safety requirements and appropriate secu- ment of such type in Ukraine is used in 18 oncology rity barriers. Measures on searching for lost IRS were During 2008, 24 cases of radiation incidents were health centers (most of devices were manufactured in taken. revealed. 16 of them were the cases of detection of 1978-1992 and one device - in 1999). To prevent such cases in future, the State Nuclear contaminated scrap metal, 2 were related with the loss The State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Regulatory Committee of Ukraine issued the order to of IRS, 5 – IRS detection in unauthorized circulation, Ukraine determined root causes of an accident, devel- regional State Inspectorates to perform extraordinary 1 – loss of regulatory control over IRS as a result of a oped preventive measures, and informed 18 medical inspections at all enterprises-bankrupts of Ukraine technological accident (melting) of 1 IRS. institutions which use IRS of similar type, in order to which used to apply IRS in their production activity, re- The issue of personnel and patients radiation pro- implement preventive measures. garding observance of radiation safety requirements, tection assurance in using IRS for medical purposes is On May 21, 2008 at OJSC "MK Azovstal" (the city availability of measures on physical protection and of special concern. It is caused by the following radia- of Maryupol) during a scheduled radiation monitor- appropriate storage of radionuclide IRS, and its trans- tion accidents occurred in 2008: ing it was revealed that the coke humidity detector fer to specialized radioactive waste management en- On October 24, 2008, in Municipal institution equipped with IRS No. 385-02-05, contained radio- terprises. "Kryvorizhsky Oncology Health Center" an emergency nuclide 241Am+Ве with activity 1,1E+10Bq, was lost at In the fourth quarter of 2008 the enterprise UkrDO situation - release of two radionuclide ionizing radia- gravimetric funnel DP 4. It was classified as a radia- "Radon" carried out work on radiation accident elimina- tion sources of PT-K-11 type with radionuclide Со-60, tion accident. tion at the site of industrial waste landfill of PP "Ruta" activity of each 0,12 Ci (4,5E+9 Bq) - occurred during The cause of radiation accident was damage of in Kostyantyniv area of Illichivsk village in Donetsk therapeutic procedures at gamma-therapeutic equip- welded joints in the place of location of equipment district. 37 containers with radioactive waste of total ment AGAT-VZ. Route cause analysis of the accident with IRS, and as a result, IRS got into blast furnace weight 120 t were loaded and removed. Average spe- was made, and 20 medical institutions that use IRS of and was melted. cific activity of collected waste reached 107 Bq/kg. the same type were informed about the necessity to Appropriate commission was created at the en- In case of radiation incident and detection of unau- undertake preventive measures. terprise, and radiation accident investigation was thorized circulation of radioactive materials and IRS, On December19, 2008, in Ivano-Frankivsk Region- performed. As a result of that investigation, and labo- preliminary information about the incident should be al Oncology Health Center the equipment gate valve ratory examination of metallurgical manufacturing submitted within one hour to operating duty officer of failed to close after therapeutic procedure with the products and environmental samples a conclusion the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, use of remote gamma-therapeutic equipment AGAT- was made that the accident caused no hazardous im- and more detailed information should be submitted to R1. As a result, radionuclide source of Со-60 failed to pact on personnel of the enterprise, population and the State Inspectorate within one day. return into a "storage" mode. the environment. The health center personnel took measures accord- Information on that radiation accident and recom- ing to the "Emergency Action Plan During Gamma-roent- mendations regarding necessary safety measures gen Therapy in Radiological Department of the Oncology were sent to all metallurgical enterprises of Ukraine. Health Center", namely: the equipment gate valve was On November 27, 2008 at SE "Potassium plant" closed manually, and IRS was transferred to the "stor- of OJSC "Oriana" (the city of Kalush, Ivano-Frankivsk

Radiation Accident Elimination at the Site of PP "Ruta"

42 43 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

radiation monitoring systems were destroyed. This Ministers of Ukraine No. 857-r of 11 June 2008, and Uranium causes hazardous impact on the environment, popu- the "Plan of priority measures for 2009 on improving lation and personnel of the enterprises at the site of the ecological condition of Dniprodzerzhynsk" was de- the former Chemical Works. veloped and approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Milling Safety For rehabilitation and reclamation of the former Ministers of Ukraine No. 1425 of 12 November 2008. Dnieper Chemical Works site, the Resolution of the Also a new State Special Ecological program "Trans- Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1846 of 26 Novem- formation of uranium facilities of the former Dnieper ber 2003 approved the State Program for transforming Chemical Works to the safe state" is being developed. hazardous enterprises of the Dnieper Chemical Works Measures on putting the acting regulations and Uranium ore milling and processing on the territory of of maximally complete and accurate data on person- into an ecologically safe system and ensuring public laws of Ukraine into compliance with the current ra- Ukraine started in late 1940s, and was kept secret, nel individual doses. protection against adverse effect of ionizing radiation diation safety requirements regarding radiation safety with no ecological safety requirements. In order to solve the above issues SkhidGZK car- for 2005–2014 (henceforth – the Program). The "Bar- assurance during uranium facilities decommissioning Two enterprises dealt with uranium ore mining and ried out a set of researches on implementing at the rier" enterprise of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of are specified as the priority for 2009. milling at that time: State Enterprise "Eastern Ore Min- enterprise individual dosimetry of radon and its Ukraine takes measures under the Program. ing and Milling Works (Zhovti Vody, Dnipropetrovsk re- daughter decay products, uranium and long-lived al- To renew radiation monitoring system at uranium SE "Direction" gion) (henceforth – SkhidGZK) and Dnieper Chemical pha-nuclides using personal dosimeters produced by waste storage facilities of the Dnieper Chemical In 2008 the enterprise SE "Direction" carried out a Works (Dnipropetrovsk region). different manufacturers. Some positive results were Works, the Center for Monitoring and Environmental set of building construction and mounting, and major Today, only SkhidGZK processes uranium ore used obtained, reference levels of radiation hazardous fac- for fuel manufacturing for nuclear power plants. The tors were developed at SkhidGZK. Dnieper Chemical Works ceased its operation in 1991. Based on the monitoring results in 2008 no viola- Construction of the "State Enterprise Directorate tions of radiation conditions of the environment in the of Novokostyantyniv uranium ore deposits" (SE Direc- area of the facilities location were detected by Skh- torate) started in 2000 to increase uranium ore mining idGZK. on the territory of Kirovograd district. Dnieper Chemical Works SE SkhidGZK Dnieper Chemical Works ("PKhZ") is located in Currently SE SkhidGZK is the only enterprise that Dniprodzerzhynsk, Dnipropetrovsk district. From performs full-scale cycle of uranium ore mining and 1946 till 1991 uranium ore was processed at the milling in Ukraine. Uranium ore is mined at the Smolino enterprise, and Dniprovsky mineral fertilizer plant and Ingul mines (Kirovograd region). Uranium ore is used technological liquids with the dissolved uranium processed to obtain uranium ore concentrate (U3О8) production waste as a raw material to produce mineral at the Hydrometallurgical Plant (Zhovti Vody). fertilizers. Substantial amount of tailings is generated dur- Dnieper Chemical Works is located in Dniprodzer- ing uranium ore processing at the Hydrometallurgical zhinsk, Dnipropetrovsk district. Plant, which contain increased amount of natural ra- After the Dnieper Chemical Works ceased to pro- dionuclides. They are transferred to engineered tail- cess uranium ore, it was restructured. As a result, Uranium waste storage facility "Pivdenno-Skhidne" before and after filling up ing pits with the help of sludge line. In 2008, uranium over 10 different specialized enterprises were cre- ore processing tails were stored at the Scherbakivske ated, such as "Barrier", "Smoly", "Tsirkoniy", "PMGZ", Technologies (Kyiv) and Marseev Institute for Radia- mining construction works to provide the beginning of Tailing Pit located at a distance of 5 km from the city "Dnieper Chemical Works", "Polikhim", etc. tion Hygiene and Medical Ecology of Academy of Medi- uranium ore mining. of Zhovti Vody. As by the end of the year 2008 the Tail- The process of sharing the property of enterpris- cal Sciences of Ukraine started work on installation At present, the enterprise does not perform any ing Pit stored 3,515хE+7 of uranium processing tails es at the site of the former Dnieper Chemical Works of the observation wells network. These efforts are uranium ore mining activities. The State Nuclear Reg- with total activity of 3,8E+14 Bq. Dust suppression started, and continues now, without taking into ac- made under the Program for radiation monitoring of ulatory Committee of Ukraine and its regional body – measures are being taken constantly to minimize the count the nature of contamination, location, improper the "Barrier" uranium facilities. Central State Inspectorate on Nuclear and Radiation Tailing Pit impact on environment. In 2008 SkhidGZK maintaining the facilities of the former Dnieper Chemi- In 2008 two wells were equipped at the "Dniprovsk" Safety – take appropriate measures to ensure neces- carried out research and industrial testing regarding cal Works and negative impact of uranium waste ac- storage facility, and two - at the storage facility "Baza sary radiation safety level at preparatory stage of ac- the use of chemical reagent GIPAN for dust suppres- cumulated at its site on the environment and health S". Also the work on covering with earth of the radia- tivities, develop radiation monitoring system, and ac- sion. The obtained positive results confirmed high ef- of workers. tion contaminated plots the uranium waste storage cumulate information on natural radiation conditions fectiveness of its use. Based on radiation monitoring, the contamination facility "Pivdenno-Skhidne" was performed. in the area of the enterprise location. SkhidGZK experts monitor permanently the tech- of certain building structures and areas is from 0.05 Based on the SNRCU initiative, on May 27, 2008 the nical state of Hydrometallurgical Plant facilities, carry to 10 μSv/h and higher, while the background value joint field meeting took place of the representatives of out radiation monitoring of the environment both at is 0.02 μSv/h. As a result, workers of these facilities the Committee of the Supreme Council of Ukraine on the plant site and in its sanitary protective area, as are exposed to uncontrollable external and internal ir- ecological policy, use of natural sources and elimina- well as personnel dosimetric monitoring to prevent radiation. tion of Chornobyl accident consequences, and the initiation of emergencies (dust release, sludge line in- Engineering buildings of Dnieper Chemical Works Board of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of tegrity break). including uranium waste storage facilities "Dniprovsk", Ukraine. Ecological and social problems emerged at In 2008 no exceeding of reference (administrative) "Sukhachivsk", "Central Yar", "Zakhidne", Pivdenno- the site of the former Dnieper Chemical Works were level of personnel individual exposure was detected Skhidne", "Baza S", "Lantanova Fraktsiya", "DP-6" are considered at the meeting. According to the decision by SkhidGZK. At the same time, creation of modern not in operation at present, and the scope of monitor- made at that meeting, to solve ecological issues in Dni- personnel dosimetric monitoring system remains ur- ing is insufficient. The most part of these storage fa- prodzerzhynsk the Interdepartmental commission was gent at the enterprise. This system will allow receiving cilities is not preserved; their physical protection and created and approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of

44 45 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

if needed, including on-site emergency centers of non- Emergency Response emergency NPPs is a part of groups of engineering and technical support. To ensure a reliable video communication link in And Preparedness emergencies, the NAEK Energoatom installed a satel- lite communication system that covers the main and backup emergency centers, emergency centers of separated subdivisions. In 2008 a fiber optic communication link was ar- The Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Population tests with competent points of contcts in Austria, Bye- ranged between the NAEK Energoatom and the Rosen- and Territories against Man-Induced and Natural lorussia, Bulgaria, Latvia, Germany, Norway, Poland, ergoatom emergency center. This link is designated Emergencies" of 18 June 2000 sets forth the Romania, Slovakia, Turkey, Hungary, Finland and Swe- for obtaining consultations from Russian scientific organizational framework for the Unified State System den were condacted. and technical organizations in case of an accident at for Prevention of and Response to Man-Induced and The SNRCU, as a national point of contact estab- Ukrainian NPPs. Natural Emergencies (henceforth - USSE) that is lished within the Convention on Early Notification of a established in Ukraine. According to the Resolution Radioactive Accident, participated in IAEA ConvEx-1а Emergency Training and Exercises of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1198 of and ConvEx-2а exercises to test the communication 3 August 1998, the SNRCU is responsible for the with the IAEA emergency center and in ConvEx-2b ex- The Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (NRBU-97) establishment and operation of the USSE functional ercise to work out information exchange with the IAEA require emergency training of the operator’s personnel subsystem "Safety of Nuclear Power Facilities". emergency center in the event of a radiation accident. involved in emergency response actions. In 2008 the SNRCU participated in the following USSE Functional Subsystem "Safety NAEK Energoatom’s emergency exercises: of Nuclear Power Facilities" Emergency Centers • On-site emergency exercise at Khmelnitsky NPP with full EIC activation; The USSE functional subsystem "Safety of Nuclear The NAEK Energoatom emergency preparedness • On-site emergency exercise at Rivne NPP without Power Facilities" operates at national, regional and and response system is integral part of the USSE EIC activation, with involvement of the personnel facility levels. Facility-level activities are carried functional subsystem "Nuclear Energy and Fuel and of the Emergency and Information Department; out by on-site State Nuclear Safety Inspectorates, Energy Complex", which is within the competence of • Full-scale emergency exercise at WWR-M reactor regional-level activities are carried out by State the Ministry for Fuel and Energy of Ukraine. of the Nuclear Research Institute of the National Regional Inspections on Nuclear and Radiation This functional subsystem of USSE includes, as Academy of Sciences of Ukraine with full activa- Safety. technical means, the main and backup emergency tion of EIC; At the national level, the SNRCU Emergency and centers of the NAEK Energoatom, nuclear power plant • EIC internal emergency exercise based on a radia- Information Centre (EIC) is the key element of the sub- support center located at the separated subsidiary tion accident scenario with radiological terrorism system. The EIC is staffed with the most skilled SN- of this organization – "Technical Emergency Center" issues; RCU experts and subordinated organizations. During in the village of Bilohorodka, Kyiv district, and sepa- • International IAEA CONVEX-3 exercise of response 2008 EIC functioned in normal (routine) mode of op- rated subdivision "Atomremontservis". In the event of to a conditional radiation accident at Laguna- eration, when 24-hour duty is maintained, operational an emergency at NPP, experts of the Technical Emer- Verde NPP in Mexico without EIC activation and information is received from Ukrainian NPPs, analyzed, gency Center and Atomremontservis are sent to the with involvement of the personnel of the Emer- recorded, and published at the SNRCU website www. site where they are at the disposal of the site incident gency and Information Department; snrc.gov.ua. commander. • On-site emergency exercises at NPPs without EIC It is planned to implement at EIC the RODOS de- The NAEK Energoatom’s main emergency centre is activation with the aim of regulatory assessment cision support system in the event of a radiation ac- located at the Headquarters in Kyiv and the backup for regulatory assessment. During 2008 the State cident. In 2008 a licensing agreement was signed emergency centre is established and operates at the Nuclear Safety Inspections at NPP participated in between the SNRCU and RODOS Consortium for pilot former Chornobyl NPP emergency control centre in the 160 emergency exercises at NPPs, including 39 operation of the RODOS system at EIC, proposals were village of Dniprovske, Chernigiv region. on-site emergency exercises. prepared on the implementation of the RODOS system Current regulations envisage establishment of the in the framework of the cooperation program with the on-site and off-site emergency centers at each NPP. Based on exercise results, a set of the EIC person- European Commission. An on-site emergency centre is designed to manage nel procedures were revised (16 documents in total), In 2008 a number of the documents that regulate accident localization and mitigation actions at the NPP a meeting was held with the representatives of NRI of functioning of the USSE functional subsystem "Safety site and in the controlled area. An off-site emergency NASU, Holosiivska State Regional Administration and of Nuclear Facilities" were revised: Agreements be- center is located in the observation area and is to be the Central Directorate of the Ministry of Emergencies tween the SNRCU and the Ukrainian Hydrometeoro- involved in the event of such accidents when the on- in Kyiv to discuss emergency preparedness of NRI, a logical Centre of the Ministry of Emergencies on in- site centre cannot be used. In 2008 procedures for draft order was prepared to approve interaction pro- teraction in the area of emergency response and the information exchange of NPP emergency centers with cedure of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Provisions on USSE functional subsystem "Safety of EIC were developed, and activities were continued Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine on infor- Nuclear Facilities". on establishing data transmission system from NPP mation exchange in case of emergencies and was sent To fulfill intergovernmental agreements with other emergency centers to EIC through both primary and to the Security Service of Ukraine for approval. countries on early notification of a radioactive acci- backup lines. In 2008 a training seminar was held on emergency dent, information exchange and cooperation in nucle- When an accident occurs at NPP, the whole network response and preparedness for experts involved into ar safety and radiation protection, the communication of NAEK Energoatom emergency centers is activated, the EIC activity.

46 47 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

• 17 preliminary notifications on export/import of ticular, once the deadline of issuing access to the IAEA Account And Control nuclear materials were sent to the IAEA; inspectors at NPP sites exceeded, and inconsistency • other information provided for in the Safeguards was detected in the information submitted by the Min- Agreement and Additional Protocol was submit- istry for Fuel and Energy. Issues that occur in imple- Of Nuclear Materials ted to IAEA: schedules for repairs, information on menting the Additional Protocol were discussed at the radiation doses of the IAEA inspectors, etc. meeting of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine in November 2008. To solve these issues, an Figure 2 shows that the number of declarations action plan was accepted for the improvement of the sent by the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of State system for account and control of nuclear mate- The State system of account and control of nuclear for Nuclear Energy and Industry (SNINEI) – 1 in- Ukraine to the IAEA under the Additional Protocol rials. This plan was taken into account in drawing up materials in Ukraine, coordinated by the SNRCU, is a spection. has decreased since the submission of information the SNRCU Comprehensive Plan for 2009. basis for implementing the Agreement between Ukraine • 7 IAEA inspections were carried out at Ukrainian on Ukrainian nuclear activity is nearing completion. This primarily applies to the improvement of the and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the enterprises: Ukrainian State Izotop Production However, in 2008 the Agency intensified its activity to regulatory and legal framework. A new revision of Application of Safeguards in connection with the Treaty Enterprise, State Interregional Specialized Enter- verify this information – the number of verifications al- the Provisions on the System for Accounting for and on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (henceforth – prises of the Ukrainian State Radon Association, most doubled (Figure 3). The State Nuclear Regulatory Control of Nuclear Materials is to be approved by a Safeguards Agreement) and Additional Protocol to the "Ukrtekhprogress", "Solar-1", State Interregional Committee of Ukraine received 16 requests resulting Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The Agreement between Ukraine and the International Specialized Enterprises of the Ukrainian State from additional accesses and studying open infor- Provisions on implementing the Agreement between Atomic Energy Agency for the Application of Safeguards Radon Association in the city of Kharkiv, OJSC Ukraine and the International Atomic Energy Agency in connection with the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of "Dniprovazhmash", Manufacturing Company "Ma- Figure 2. for the Application of Safeguards to the whole nuclear Nuclear Weapons (henceforth – Additional Protocol) karov South Engineering Plant" in the city of Dni- Number of declarations submitted to the Agency material in every peace nuclear activity of Ukraine is ratified by appropriate Laws of Ukraine. propetrovsk; to be registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. It By the end of 2008 there were 125 establishments • IAEA inspectors obtained 10 additional accesses is also planned to revise the Rules on organization ac- and enterprises that undertook the state account and according to the Additional Protocol. By the way, count and control of nuclear materials, which estab- control of nuclear materials. They are divided territori- in 2008 first since 1995, when the Agreement lish a procedure for keeping accounting and reporting ally into materials balance areas as shown in Figure 1. on the Application of IAEA Safeguards in Ukraine 130 documentation on state control of nuclear materials During 2008 the SNRCU took the following mea- became valid, state inspectors have participated 75 at enterprises. 50 sures to implement the Safeguards Agreement and in all inspections and activities under additional Moreover, measures will be taken to create a state Additional Protocol: accesses of the Agency; system for professional training of experts on account 2006 2007 2008 • 75 IAEA inspections were carried out at Ukrainian • 271 reports on nuclear materials and other infor- and control of nuclear materials and to increase the nuclear facilities: ZNPP - 22 inspections, SUNPP – mation according to the Safeguards Agreement role of the SNRCU state inspections in operation of 12 inspections, KhNPP - 9 inspections, RNPP - 12 were processed and sent to the Agency; mation sources. Moreover, in July the Agency carried the State system of account and control of nuclear inspections, NSCKPI – 8 inspections, Kyiv Nuclear • updated information for Ukraine’s declaration as out a technical visit, involving managing staff of IAEA materials. Research Institute (KNRI) – 4 inspections, ChN- required by the Additional Protocol (50 declara- safeguards department to the city of Kharkiv. The del- These measures will contribute to strengthening PP – 7 inspections, Sevastopol’ National Institute tions) was prepared and submitted to the IAEA; egation met with the Kharkiv district administration, of the State system of account and control of nuclear visited a set of leading enterprises and establish- materials of Ukraine. ments of the city, particularly, Scientific and Techni- cal Complex (STC) "Monokristals Institute", Open Joint Figure 1. Stock Company (OJSC) "Khartron", Kharkiv Malyshev Territorial distribution of enterprises and establishments into materials balance areas Plant and conducted a technical meeting for leaders of Kharkiv district enterprises, scientific and research and development establishments dealing with nuclear materials or carrying out research and development RKQ0 (12) and design activities that may relate to nuclear fuel cycle. RKQ4 (37) Since the IAEA intensified its activity to verify the RKQ1 (25) information submitted by Ukraine under the Addi- tional Protocol, certain drawbacks took place. In par- RKQ3 (33) RKQ2 (18) Figure 3. Number of additional accesses (involving preliminary notification for 2 and 24 hours)

RKQ0 — City of Kyiv and Kyiv oblast 6 10 RKQ1 — Vinnytsya, Volyn, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zhytomyr, Carpathian, Rivne, Lviv, Chernivtsi, Khmelnytsky, Ternopil 5 RKQ2 —Sumy, Kharkiv, Poltava, , Chernihiv RKQ3 —Luhansk, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk 2006 2007 2008 RKQ4 —Zaporizhzhya, , Mykolayiv, Kirovohrad, Odesa, Crimea

48 49 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Transport Fulfillment Of Radioactive Materials Of International Obligations by Ukraine

Radioactive materials are transported for energy, Transport activities are licensed in compliance Participation of Ukrainian Delegation in the Forth Fulfillment of obligations by Ukraine under the Joint industry, medicine needs during radioactive waste with the legislation. As of the end of 2008, 34 enter- Review Meeting to Fulfill Obligations of the Nuclear Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Manage- management, as well as due to nuclear fuel transit prises had licenses to implement the activity on radio- Safety Convention (14-25 April 2008, Vienna, Aus- ment and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Man- through the Ukrainian territory. active materials transport. The following enterprises tria) agement Within 2008 the State Nuclear Regulatory Com- undertake the greatest scope of radioactive materials mittee of Ukraine issued 127 permits for international transport: NAEK Energoatom, Eastern Ore Mining and The Forth Review Meeting to fulfill obligations by In 2008 the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee transport of radioactive materials, particularly: Milling Enterprise, Ukrainian State Isotope Production Member States under the Nuclear Safety Convention of Ukraine jointly with the Ministry for Emergencies of Enterprise, State Interregional Specialized Enterpris- was held in IAEA headquarters in Vienna from 14 to Ukraine, the Ministry for Fuel and Energy of Ukraine, • transport of fresh nuclear fuel for Ukrainian NPPs – es of Ukrainian State Radon Association, Ukrgeofizyka 25 April 2008. the Ministry of Health of Ukraine developed and pub- 17 (including: 1 – for the Nuclear Research Insti- State Enterprise, State Complex Specialized Enter- lished the third National Report of Ukraine on fulfill- tute reactor of the National Academy of Science of prise. In 2008 the State Nuclear Regulatory Commit- The Ukrainian Delegation at the Forth Review Meet- ment of obligations by Ukraine under the Joint Conven- Ukraine, 1 – transport of defective fresh nuclear tee of Ukraine issued 3 licenses for legal entities deal- ing was headed by the SNRCU Chairperson. The Ukrai- tion on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on fuel from ChNPP to Russia); ing with radioactive materials transport, reissued 12 nian Delegation presented the Forth National Report the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management at the • transport of spent nuclear fuel from Ukrainian licenses, and amended 1 license. on fulfillment obligations by Ukraine under the Nuclear official web-site of the Joint Convention Secretariat. NPPs to Russia – 4; In 2008, eight certificates on approval of packag- Safety Convention and provided substantiated and The third Review Meeting to consider the national re- • transport of uranium ore concentrate from ing design and special shipments of radioactive mate- comprehensive answers to questions of other coun- ports of the Contracting Parties under Joint Conven- Ukraine – 1; rials transport were granted and reissued. tries’ representatives. tion will be held in May 2009. • transit of fresh nuclear fuel from Russia to Slovakia, Compliance of shipment participants with legisla- Hungary and Bulgaria – 10; tion and safety rules for radioactive material transport 138 written questions from other countries were • transit of spent nuclear fuel from Bulgaria to Rus- ensures the safety of the public, personnel and the received regarding the National Report of Ukraine – sia – 3; environment. No incidents or accidents occurred in Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Finland, Ro- • transit of spent nuclear fuel from the research re- radioactive material transport in Ukraine in 2008. mania, the Russian Federation, Japan, China and Pak- actor in Bulgaria to Russia – 1; istan demonstrated a great interest to Ukraine. • transport of ionizing radiation sources – 91. The presentations to the National Report were pro- vided by the SNRCU Administration and the President of NAEK Energoatom according to the competence.

In particular, the information was provided on a status and strengthening of the regulatory body inde- 72% pendence in nuclear and radiation safety, state of fi- nancial support and staffing, transparency in nuclear and radiation safety regulation in Ukraine and public involvement, regional inspectorates on nuclear and 11% radiation safety, findings of the rule-making activity on nuclear and radiation safety. 1% 3% 13% The information was also presented on implement- ing the safety improvement programs for NPP units, in particular, positive dynamics in performing safety en- hancement measures and increase in amount of their – Fresh nuclear fuel transport for Ukrainian NPPs – Spent nuclear fuel transport from Ukrainian NPPs financing. – Uranium ore concentrate transport from Ukraine – Transit of fresh and spent nuclear fuel The measures developed by the State Nuclear Reg- – Transport of other radioactive materials ulatory Committee of Ukraine and aimed at fulfillment of obligations by Ukraine under the Nuclear Safety Convention were included into the Action Plan to im- plement the Ukrainian Energy Strategy till 2030.

50 51 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine ZNPP, performing institutional and technical coopera- International from 8 to 20 June 2008 under the aspect "Regulatory tion with the regulatory body of Ukraine to develop its Issues". capabilities based on transferred European safety principles and practices, taking additional measures Cooperation Participation in Implementation of the European on the Industrial Complex for Solid Radwaste Manage- Commission Projects ment project at Chornobyl etc. International technical assistance rendered by the Euro- The International Community pays a great atten- pean Commission plays an important role in the interna- tion to Chornobyl NPP decommissioning and imple- tional cooperation within TACIS nuclear safety program. mentation of the Action Plan on Shelter transforma- Ukraine’s international cooperation in the peace- Within the preparation of Ukraine entering into the In 2008 a number of projects within TACIS Pro- tion into an ecologically safe system. As a result, in ful use of nuclear energy and nuclear and radiation Agreement on Energy Community and in order to ful- gram were implemented covering the following issues: 2008 taking into account the ISF-2 construction ac- safety is aimed at attaining world standards in safe fill provisions of Ukraine-EU Memorandum of Under- licensing assessment of on-site assistance projects, tivities performed by Ukraine, the European Bank for operation of nuclear power units throughout their life standing on Cooperation in the Field of Energy of 1 ZNPP modernization project, assistance in licensing Reconstruction and Development proposed to pro- cycle based on multilateral international agreements December 2005 in the area of "Nuclear safety", Joint of KhNPP modernization projects, development of vide support in ISF-2 licensing. It is planned to sign an and treaties. Project Ukraine-EC-IAEA on Ukrainian NPPs safety as- regulations and inspection procedures for commis- appropriate agreement on grant between EBRD and Multilateral international cooperation is conducted sessment was initiated. sioning of new nuclear facilities, support to the regu- Ukraine in 2009. within international organizations to which Ukraine is The Joint Project is aimed at general assessment latory body in assessing safety analysis reports for a member, multilateral international treaties, conven- of Ukrainian NPPs for compliance with the IAEA stan- operating NPP units, support to the regulatory body in tions, agreements etc. entered into by Ukraine, and in- dards in force in the following areas: licensing safety enhancement measures for operating Mechanisms of multilateral cooperation ternational programs and projects for peaceful use of • NPP design safety; NPP units, support to the regulatory body in licensing nuclear materials, application of advanced technolo- • NPP operational safety; activities related to TACIS/NSA financed decommis- Forum for Countrie that Operate WWER Reactors gies for nuclear energy development, improvement of • Radioactive waste management and decommis- sioning facilities of Chornobyl NPP-site assistance (Forum of WWER Regulators) 7-9 July 2008 nuclear reactors and technologies safety level, man- sioning; projects, support to the regulatory body in assessing From 7 to 9 July 2008 the 15th meeting of the annual agement of radioactive technologies etc. • Regulatory issues. Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA) for Ukrainian NPP Forum for WWER regulators was held in Kyiv, Ukraine, units, support in licensing of NPP radioactive waste aimed at information and experience exchange on Cooperation with IAEA To plan properly measures within the project and treatment etc. In 2008 the procedure was com- nuclear safety for WWER reactors, making joint deci- assess results of the activity performed, a Steering pleted on signing the Agreement on financing the An- sions on issues related to NPP safety operated in the The national projects implemented in 2008 for Ukraine Committee was created, including representatives of nual Nuclear Safety Actions Program for 2007 in the Forum member states. covered Chornobyl NPP units 1, 2, 3 decommissioning, the IAEA, European Commission and Ukraine. Meeting framework of the new Instrument for Nuclear Safety Top managers of regulatory bodies of Bulgaria, Chi- the Shelter, use of nuclear medicine in oncology, im- of the Steering Committee is held twice a year in the Cooperation (INSC) instead of the TACIS program. In na, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, India, Iran, Rus- provement of nuclear and radiation safety infrastruc- IAEA headquarters. accordance with the Agreement, a number of projects sian Federation, Slovakia and Ukraine took part in the ture, comprehensive safety assessments of radioac- In June 2008 a training workshop on self-as- will be initiated in 2009 which is aimed at rendering Forum. IAEA and GRS (Germany) experts participated tive waste in Ukraine, NPP life cycle management, and sessment was conducted at SU NPP for representa- sector assistance to develop long-term safety man- in the Forum as observers. improvement of NPP personnel training system. tives of Ukrainian NPPs, design institutes and NAEK agement in Ukraine (design safety), accomplishing the Each Forum member presented a report inform- The Ministry for Fuel and Energy of Ukraine, the Energoatom in the area of "NPP Design Safety". In construction project of the national training center at ing on the last achievements in nuclear legislation, Ministry for Emergencies and Public Protection October 2008, the IAEA mission was conducted at against Chornobyl Accident Consequences, the Min- KhNPP to verify the results of self-assessment and istry of Health, the State Nuclear Regulatory Commit- "design safety" activity for compliance with the inter- tee of Ukraine, NAEK Energoatom, Chornobyl NPP are national standards. The mission work results were beneficiaries of these projects. presented to NAEK Energoatom Directorate. On the In 2008 almost 200 representatives of the Minis- whole the "design safety" activity at KhNPP was tries and Departments of Ukraine, state enterprises, considered satisfactory and such that complies with medical institutions took part in IAEA events (techni- the international standards. By the end of 2008 SU cal meetings, working groups, workshops, conferenc- NPP and RNPP prepared and submitted the reports es, training courses etc.) carried out in Ukraine and on design safety self-assessment to IAEA experts abroad. for review. The 2008 was marked by successful implemen- In 2008 the missions were conducted at RNPP and tation of the IAEA National Project for the SNRCU –- ZNPP sites within the implementation of the "Opera- UKR/9/025 “Strengthening the Nuclear and Radiation tional safety" aspect. Safety Infrastructure in Ukraine”. Under the support of In July 2008 a training workshop on self-assess- this Project a number of experts from the regulatory ment was conducted for representatives of all Ukrai- authority of Ukraine participated in topical interna- nian NPPs under the aspect "Radioactive Waste Man- tional meetings, workshops and conferences. The as- agement and Decommissioning". The submission of a sistance under the Рroject was also directed at supply copy of the National Report of Ukraine on fulfillment of of server equipment to SNRCU and publishing of this obligations under the Joint Convention on the Safety Annual Report. of Spent Fuel Management and on Safety of Radioac- tive Waste Management became one of the activities Fulfillment of Ukraine-EU Memorandum of Under- under this aspect. standing on Cooperation in the Field of Energy of 1 The independent IAEA mission "Integrated Regula- December 2005 tory Review Service" (IRRS mission) was conducted in 15th meeting of the Forum for WWER Regulators (Kyiv, Ukraine)

52 53 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

regulation of nuclear and radiation safety and nuclear • Transport and interim storage of spent fuel; of Regulatory Body of Lithuanian Republic - the State ment at Ukrainian enterprises at the stage of sani- energy use, events occurred at NPPs which are of gen- • Radioactive waste management; Inspectorate on Nuclear Energy Safety (VATESI) – Mr. tation; activities on irradiating facilities decommis- eral interest and measures taken as a result of events • Emergency response and relevant capabilities; Gytis Maximovas visited Ukraine. sioning and ensuring the safe storage of disused investigation etc. • Regulatory oversight over radiation sources; The objective of this visit was to make coopera- high level IRS, as well as creating and equipping the During the Forum, leaders of working groups (three • Account for and control of nuclear materials, physi- tion between the Ukrainian and Lithuanian regulatory united national system of monitoring and account- working groups work under the auspices of the Forum: cal protection; bodies more active, and to come to a new format of ing of individual exposure doses of population in WG on regulatory aspects for applying probabilistic • Personnel training; bilateral relations that provides for regular consulta- Ukraine were discussed. During the meetings the safety analysis, WG on operational experience feed- • Strengthening of infrastructure capabilities. tions and drawing up agreed positions on political and facilities requiring assistance were inspected to back for NPP safety improvement, and WG on regulato- technical issues of nuclear safety. verify their current state. ry aspects for organizational issues and safety culture In compliance with the Memorandum the project During the visit, meetings with management and at NPP) presented results of their work for the period "Improvement of regulatory oversight over ionizing ra- experts of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee Finland past from the previous Forum meeting and plans of diation sources: computer equipment and software of Ukraine were held, as well as a technical tour to In 2008 a number of meetings were carried out with working groups for the next year. Based on common for 8 SNRCU regional inspectorates" was initiated in ChNPP, participation in the International Topical Meet- representatives of nuclear and radiation safety regu- decision of all the Forum participants the working 2008. In the framework of the project the computer ing on Nuclear and Radiation Safety Issues devoted latory authority of Finland (STUK). During the meetings groups’ activity was considered effective and a man- equipment and software was purchased for the SN- to the 8th anniversary of establishing independent proposals of cooperation between the SNRCU and date was provided for their following functioning. RCU regional inspectorates. It is also planned to pur- Ukrainian nuclear and radiation safety regulatory au- STUK were considered, and a Plan of bilateral coop- While general discussions the Forum participants chase dosimetric equipment and vehicles. thority - SNRCU. eration for 2008-2009 was signed. considered the issue on creating the Forum official In 2008 the project "Strengthening of the SNRCU web-site with restricted access, implementation of a infrastructure capabilities" was initiated. In the frame- tool for experience exchange on training and re-train- work of the project it is planned to purchase and in- ing of the regulatory bodies personnel, periodical open stall computer equipment and servers for the State meetings of the Forum, involving representatives of Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine. operating organizations, technical support organiza- tions etc. to discuss achievements and challenges to Department of Energy NPP safety. In order to fulfill the Implementing Agreement be- Resulting from the Forum work, the understanding tween the US Department of Energy and the SNRCU was achieved to continue information and experience concerning cooperation to enhance the security of exchange by e-mailing. An IAEA observer proposed Ukraine’s usable sources of ionizing radiation of 23 the IAEA support in subsequent coordination of the June 2006 and in frames of project implementation Forum. The next Forum meeting will be held in accor- "Improvement of security of radioactive sources used dance with the queue principle in the Republic of Bul- in Ukraine", in 2008 physical protection systems were garia in July 2009. upgraded at several enterprises on radwaste manage- Bilateral international cooperation in the area of ment as well as in medical institutions applying IRS for nuclear and radiation safety continued in 2008 in treatment of oncological patients. compliance with the concluded intergovernmental and interagencies agreements. Bilateral Cooperation with European Union Countries Cooperation with the United States of America Republic of Poland Nuclear Regulatory Commission A regularly scheduled bilateral meeting of represen- Bilateral meeting of representatives of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee The bilateral meeting of the Head of Ukrainian Del- tatives of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine and National Atomic Energy Authority of Poland (Rivno NPP, Ukraine) egation, Chairperson of the State Nuclear Regulatory of Ukraine and National Atomic Energy Authority of Committee of Ukraine - O.Mykolaichuk and Chairper- Poland took place in November 2008 in the city of Based on the visit results, a joint decision was This Plan specifies the following priority directions son of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission - Dale Kuznetsovsk at RNPP. The subjects of discussions made regarding more active cooperation between of cooperation: Klein was held on 16 April 2008 during the Forth during that meeting were the safety of Ukrainian NPPs Ukrainian and Lithuanian regulatory bodies. It was • Development of functional and technical specifi- Review Meeting on the fulfillment of obligations by (including the new KhNPP power units), the issues of also decided to prepare and agree a draft interagency cations for a mobile radiation monitoring labora- the Contracting Parties to the Nuclear Safety Con- radiation monitoring and radwaste management. The agreement during 2009. tory; vention. parties exchanged their experience in the area of rela- • Development of an information and reference sys- The results and the status of the USA and Ukraine tions of regulatory bodies with local communities (ex- Germany tem for training purposes and its use during work cooperation in nuclear and radiation safety and perience in carrying out exhibitions, workshops, and Within cooperation with Association for Installation by subdivisions of the State Nuclear Regulatory prospects for the subsequent development were dis- round-table discussions), issuing printed materials and Reactor Safety (GRS mbH) in February 2008 in Committee of Ukraine; cussed during the meeting. Based on the meeting re- and web site support. Berlin (Germany) the Program of workshops for 2008 • Development of specifications of equipment for sults the Memorandum was signed which determines Based on the meeting results, the Minutes were was signed according to project INT 9180 "Scien- regional inspections necessary to improve their cooperation aspects between the State Nuclear Regu- signed and cooperation plans were agreed for 2009. tific and Technical Exchange of Experience in Nuclear capability on nuclear materials identification. latory Committee of Ukraine and the US NRC for 2008- Safety Area with Regulatory Bodies of Central and 2009: Eastern Europe and Middle Asia". Sweden • Regulatory reviews; Lithuania During 2008 a number of meetings was held with During 2008 the fulfillment of joint projects with • Risk-informed regulatory activity; According to the invitation of the State Nuclear Regu- GRS mbH representatives where issues of technical Sweden in the area of radiation protection and • New fuel management; latory Committee of Ukraine in December 2008, Head assistance use to solve problems of IRS manage- emergency response continued. For the projects

54 55 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

implementation the Swedish Radiation Protection Spain Authority (SSI) and Sweden State Nuclear Regulatory In November 2008 after invitation of Nuclear Safety Annex 1 Inspectorate (SKI) was engaged from the Swedish side. Council of Spain the Chairperson of the State Nuclear According to the decision of Swedish Government Regulatory Committee of Ukraine Olena Mykolaichuk Address by Mr. Dwight D. Eisenhower, President of the United States of America, both agencies were united into one Regulatory Body took part in bilateral consultations on construction, to the 470th Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on Nuclear and Radiation Safety (SSM). licensing and operation of dry type spent nuclear During 2008 the following events took place: fuel storage facility. The meeting program envisaged Madam President and Members of the General ferred never to use. That new language is the language • Training seminar on methodology for inspecting a visiting to Trillo NPP and spent nuclear fuel storage Assembly; of atomic warfare. radioactive waste management facilities and ion- facility constructed at Hose Cabrero NPP based on When Secretary General Hammarskjold's invita- The atomic age has moved forward at such a pace izing radiation sources; the design of "Holtec". tion to address the General Assembly reached me in that every citizen of the world should have some com- • International workshop "Experience of adaptation During the meeting with administration of the Bermuda, I was just beginning a series of conferences prehension, at least in comparative terms, of the ex- of Swedish legislation in radiation protection area Nuclear Safety Council of Spain, Chairperson of the with the prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers of the tent of this development, of the utmost significance to EU requirements"; Council, Mrs. Carmen Martinez Ten proposed to re- United Kingdom and France. Our subject was some of to every one of us.Clearly, if the peoples of the world • Working meeting "Experience of adaptation of vitalize bilateral cooperation between the regulatory the problems that beset our world. During the remain- are to conduct an intelligent search for peace, they Swedish legislation to the EU requirements"; bodies of Ukraine and Spain and in this regard to der of the Bermuda Conference, I had constantly in must be armed with the significant facts of today's • Workshop "PET application in nuclear medicine. compose and sign a new Agreement on cooperation mind that ahead of me lay a great honour. That honour existence. Technologies, legislation and monitoring"; and information exchange. In turn, Chairperson of the is mine today as I stand here, privileged to address the My recital of atomic danger and power is neces- • Workshop "Quality monitoring and assurance in X- State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine, Mrs. general Assembly of the United Nations. sarily stated in United States terms, for these are the rays diagnostics"; O.Mykolaichuk invited Mrs. Martinez Ten to Ukraine in At the same time that I appreciate the distinction only incontrovertible facts that I know, I need hardly • Workshop "Radiation safety regulation"; August 2009 to sign the Agreement during her visit. of addressing you, I have a sense of exhilaration as I point out to this Assembly, however, that this subject • Training course "Quality system implementation look upon this Assembly. Never before in history has is global, not merely national in character. and monitoring in medical radiology". so much hope for so many people been gathered to- On 16 July 1945, the United States set off the gether in a single organization. Your deliberations and world's biggest atomic explosion. Since that date in In 2008 the negotiations with Swedish experts decisions during these sombre years have already re- 1945, the United States of America has conducted were held, where approaches on legislation improve- alized part of those hopes. forty-two test explosions. Atomic bombs are more ment in the area of physical protection of nuclear facil- But the great tests and the great accomplishments than twenty-five times as powerful as the weapons ities and nuclear materials, and results of cooperation still lie ahead. And in the confident expectation of with which the atomic age dawned, while hydrogen between Ukrainian and Swedish regulatory bodies those accomplishments, I would use the office which, weapons are in the ranges of millions of tons of TNT were discussed. for the time being, I hold, to assure you that the Gov- equivalent. To summarize the 2008 activities, and to discuss ernment of the United States will remain steadfast in Today, the United States stockpile of atomic weap- cooperation plans for 2009 in the area of radiation its support of this body. This we shall do in the convic- ons, which, of course,increases daily, exceeds by many protection and non-proliferation and safeguards, tion that you will provide a great share of the wisdom, times the total equivalent of the total of all bombs and several working meetings were carried out in De- of the courage and of the faith which can bring to this all shells that came from every plane and every gun cember. world lasting peace for all nations, and happiness and in every theatre of war in all the years of the Second well-being for all men. World War. A single air group whether afloat or land France Clearly, it would not be fitting for me to take this oc- based, can now deliver to any reachable target a de- During 2008 a draft Agreement between the casion to present to you a unilateral American report on structive cargo exceeding in power all the bombs that State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine Bermuda. Nevertheless, I assure you that in our delib- fell on Britain in all the Second World War. and French Institute for Radiological Protection erations on that lovely island we sought to invoke those In size and variety, the development of atomic and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) on cooperation in same great concepts of universal peace and human weapons has been no less remarkable. The develop- nuclear safety and radiation protection area was dignity which are so clearly etched in your Charter. Nei- ment has been such that atomic weapons have virtu- developed, as well as a draft Agreement between ther would it be a measure of this great opportunity to ally achieved conventional status within our armed the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine recite, however hopefully, pious platitudes. I therefore services. In the United States,the Army, the Navy, the and French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) on decided that this occasion warranted my saying to you Air Force and the Marine Corps are all capable of put- exchange of technical information and cooperation some of the things that have been on the minds and ting this weapon to military use. in nuclear safety and radiation protection area. hearts of my legislative and executive associates, and But the dread secret and the fearful engines of These Agreements were duly negotiated with the on mine, for a great many months: thoughts I had origi- atomic might are not ours alone. French side, and they passed necessary national nally planned to say primarily to the American people. In the first place, the secret is possessed by our endorsement procedures. I know that the American people share my deep friends and allies, the United Kingdom and Canada, Signing of these Agreements is planned for Febru- belief that if a danger exists in the world, it is a dan- whose scientific genius made a tremendous contri- ary 2009 during a working visit of the Chairperson of ger shared by all; and equally, that if hope exists in bution to our original discoveries and the designs of the State Nuclear Regulatory Committee of Ukraine the mind of one nation, that hope should be shared atomic bombs. Olena Mykolaychuk to France. by all. Finally, if there is to be advanced any proposal The secret is also known by the Soviet Union. The In June 2008 under assistance of French Institute designed to ease even by the smallest measure the Soviet Union has informed us that, over recent years, for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) tensions of today's world, what more appropriate au- it has devoted extensive resources to atomic weapons. a workshop "EPR reactor safety" was carried out in dience could there be than the members of the Gen- During this period the Soviet Union has exploded a se- Kyiv. During the workshop Ukrainian experts were fa- eral Assembly of the United Nations. ries of atomic devices, including at least one involving miliarized with the new type of European nuclear reac- I feel impelled to speak today in a language that in thermo-nuclear reactions. tor, and, particularly, with safety measures during its a sense is new, one which I, who have spent so much If at one time the United States possessed what operation, etc. of my life in the military profession, would have pre- might have been called a monopoly of atomic pow-

56 57 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

er, that monopoly ceased to exist several years ago. confidence that the peoples of every other nation en- the USSR. Beyond the turmoil and strife and misery of governments of the East and West, there are certain Therefore, although our earlier start has permitted us joy equally the right of choosing their own way of life. Asis, we seek peaceful opportunity for these peoples steps that can be taken now. to accumulate what is today a great quantitative ad- So my country's purpose is to help us to move out to develop their natural resources and to elevate their I therefore make the following proposal. vantage, the atomic realities of today comprehend two of the dark chamber of horrors into the light, to find a lot. The governments principally involved, to the extent facts of even greater significance. First, the knowl- way by which the minds of men, the hopes of men, the These are not idle words or shallow visions. Behind permitted by elementary prudence, should begin now edge now possessed by several nations will eventually souls of men everywhere, can move forward towards them lies a story of nations lately come to indepen- and continue to make joint contributions from their be shared by others, possibly all others. peace and happiness and well-being. dence, not as a result of war, but through free grant or stockpiles of normal uranium and fissionable ma- Second, even a vast superiority in numbers of In this quest, I know that we must not lack patience. peaceful negotiation. There is a record already written terials to an international atomic energy agency. We weapons, and a consequent capability of devastating I know that in a world divided, such as ours today, of assistance gladly given by nations of the West to would expect that such an agency would be set up retaliation, is no preventive, of itself, against the fear- salvation cannot be attained by one dramatic act.I needy peoples and to those suffering the temporary under the aegis of the United Nations. The ratios of ful material damage and toll of human lives that would know that many steps will have to be taken over many effects of famine, drought and natural disaster. These contributions, the procedures and other details would be inflicted by surprise aggression. months before the world can look at itself one day and are deeds of peace. They speak more loudly than properly be within the scope of the "private conversa- The free world, at least dimly aware of these facts, truly realize that a new climate of mutually peaceful promises or protestations of peaceful intent. tions" I referred to earlier. has naturally embarked on a large programme of warn- confidence is abroad in the world. But I know, above But I do not wish to rest either upon the reiteration The United States is prepared to undertake these ing and defence systems. That programme will be ac- all else, that we must start to take these steps - now. of past proposals or the restatement of past deeds. explorations in good faith.Any partner of the United celerated and extended. But let no one think that the The United States and its allies, the United King- The gravity of the time is such that every new avenue States acting in the same good faith will find the Unit- expenditure of vast sums for weapons and systems of dom and France, have over the past months tried to of peace, no matter how dimly discernible, should be ed States a not unreasonable or ungenerous associ- defence can guarantee absolute safety for the cities take some of these steps. Let no one say that we shun explored. ate. and citizens of any nation. The awful arithmetic of the the conference table. On the record has long stood the There is at least one new avenue of peace which Undoubtedly, initial and early contributions to this atomic bomb doesn't permit of any such easy solution. request of the United States, the United Kingdom and has not been well explored -an avenue now laid out by plan would be small in quantity. However, the proposal Even against the most powerful defence,an aggres- France to negotiate with the Soviet Union the prob- the General Assembly of the United Nations. has the great virtue that it can be undertaken without sor in possession of the effective minimum number lems of a divided Germany. On that record has long In its resolution of 28 November 1953 (resolution the irritations and mutual suspicions incident to any of atomic bombs fora surprise attack could probably stood the request of the same three nations to negoti- 715 (VIII)) this General Assembly suggested: "that the attempt to set up a completely acceptable system of place a sufficient number of his bombs on the chosen ate an Austrian peace treaty. On the same record still Disarmament Commission study the desirability of es- world-wide inspection and control. targets to cause hideous damage. stands the request of the United Nations to negotiate tablishing a sub-committee consisting of representa- The atomic energy agency could be made respon- Should such an atomic attack be launched against the problems of Korea. tives of the Powers principally involved, which should sible for the impounding,storage and protection of the the United States, our reactions would be swift and Most recently we have received from the Soviet seek in private an acceptable solution and report...on contributed fissionable and other materials. The inge- resolute. But for me to say that the defence capabili- Union what is in effect an expression of willingness to such a solution to the General Assembly and to the nuity of our scientists will provide special safe condi- ties of the United States are such that they could inflict hold a four-Power meeting. Along with our allies,the Security Council not later than 1 September 1954. tions under which such a bank of fissionable material terrible losses upon an aggressor, for me to say that United Kingdom and France, we were pleased to see The United States, heeding the suggestion of the can be made essentially immune to surprise seizure. the retaliation capabilities of the United States are that this note did not contain the unacceptable pre- General Assembly of the United Nations, is instantly The more important responsibility of this atomic so great that such an aggressor's land would be laid conditions previously put forward. As you already prepared to meet privately with such other countries energy agency would be to devise methods whereby waste, all this, while fact, is not the true expression of know from our joint Bermuda communique, the United as may be "principally involved", to seek "an accept- this fissionable material would be allocated to serve the purpose and the hopes of the United States. States, the United Kingdom and France have agreed able solution" to the atomic armaments race which the peaceful pursuits of mankind. Experts would be To pause there would be to confirm the hope- promptly to meet with the Soviet Union. overshadows not only the peace, but the very life, of mobilized to apply atomic energy to the needs of agri- less finality of a belief that two atomic colossi are The Government of the United States approaches the world. culture, medicine and other peaceful activities. A spe- doomed malevolently to eye each other indefinitely this conference with hopeful sincerity. We will bend We shall carry into these private or diplomatic talks cial purpose would be to provide abundant electrical across a trembling world. To stop there would be to every effort of our minds to the single purpose of a new conception. The United States would seek more energy in the power-starved areas of the world. accept helplessly the probability of civilization de- emerging from that conference with tangible results than the mere reduction or elimination of atomic mate- Thus the contributing Powers would be dedicating stroyed, the annihilation of the irreplaceable heritage towards peace, the only true way of lessening interna- rials for military purposes. It is not enough to take this some of their strength to serve the needs rather than of mankind handed down to us from generation to tional tension. weapon out of the hands of the soldiers. It must be put the fears of mankind. generation, and the condemnation of mankind to be- We never have, and never will, propose or suggest into the hands of those who will know how to strip its The United States would be more than willing - it gin all over again the age-old struggle upward from that the Soviet Union surrender what rightly belongs military casing and adapt it to the arts of peace. would be proud to take up with others "principally savagery towards decency, and right, and justice. to it. We will never say that the peoples of the USSR The United States knows that if the fearful trend of involved" the development of plans whereby such Surely no sane member of the human race could dis- are an enemy with whom we have no desire ever to atomic military build-up can be reversed, this great- peaceful use of atomic energy would be expedited. cover victory in such desolation. Could anyone wish deal or mingle in friendly and fruitful relationship. est of destructive forces can be developed into a great Of those "principally involved" the Soviet Union his name to be coupled by history with such human On the contrary, we hope that this coming confer- boon, for the benefit of all mankind. The United States must, of course, be one. degradation and destruction?Occasional pages of ence may initiate a relationship with the Soviet Union knows that peaceful power from atomic energy is no I would be prepared to submit to the Congress of the history do record the faces of the "great destroyers", which will eventually bring about a freer mingling of dream of the future. The capability,already proved, is United States, and with every expectation of approval, but the whole book of history reveals mankind's nev- the peoples of the East and of the West - the one sure, here today. Who can doubt that, if the entire body of any such plan that would, first, encourage world-wide er-ending quest for peace and mankind's God-given human way of developing the understanding required the world's scientists and engineers had adequate investigation into the most effective peacetime uses capacity to build. for confident and peaceful relations. amounts of fissionable material with which to test of fissionable material, and with the certainty that It is with the book of history, and not with isolated Instead of the discontent which is now settling and develop their ideas, this capability would rapidly the investigators had all the material needed for the pages, that the United States will ever wish to be upon Eastern Germany,occupied Austria and the be transformed into universal, efficient and economic conducting of all experiments that were appropriate; identified. My country wants to be constructive,not countries of Eastern Europe, we seek a harmonious usage? second,begin to diminish the potential destructive destructive. It wants agreements, not wars, among family of free European nations, with none a threat to To hasten the day when fear of the atom will be- power of the world's atomic stockpiles; third, allow all nations. It wants itself to live in freedom and in the the other, and least of all a threat to the peoples of gin to disappear from the minds the people and the peoples of all nations to see that, in this enlightened

58 59 Annual Report on Nuclear and Radiation Safety in Ukraine-2008

Annex 2 age, the great Powers of the earth, both of the East Addresses of State Inspectorates for Nuclear and Radiation Safety and of the West, are interested in human aspirations first rather than in building up the armaments of war; Head Administrative Address, fourth, open up a new channel for peaceful discussion State Inspectorate of State Phone number Inspectorate subdivisions e-mail and initiative at least a new approach to the many dif- Vinnytsya, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, 3, Avenue, ficult problems that must be solved in both private and Northern State Inspectorate Tel. +380 67 695 5350 Lyudmyla S. Kuraksa Cherkasy, Chernihiv, City 02100 Kyiv, Ukraine Kyiv Tel./fax +380 44 292 0195 public conversations if the world is to shake off the in- of Kyiv [email protected] ertia imposed by fear and is to make positive progress North-Western State Tel. +380 67 695 5361 41 S. Bandery Street, 33028 Volodymyr V. Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, towards peace. Inspectorate Tel./fax +380 362 236 185 Rivne, Ukraine Khabarov Khmelnytsky Against the dark background of the atomic bomb, Rivne Tel. +380 362 637 327 [email protected] the United States does not wish merely to present Tel. +380 67 695 5347 77 S. Bandery Street, office 103, Western State Inspectorate Carpathian, Ivano- Oksana V. Dzhuranyuk Tel./fax 76014 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine strength, but also the desire and the hope for peace. Ivano-Frankivsk Frankivsk, Lviv, Chernivtsi +380 342 713 426 [email protected] The coming months will be fraught with fateful deci- Mykolayiv, Tel. +380 67 695 5325 sions. In this Assembly, in the capitals and military Southern State Inspectorate P.O. box 115, 69044 Odesa, Ukraine Serhiy V. Kobylinsky Odesa, Tel./fax Odesa [email protected] headquarters of the world, in the hearts of men ev- Kherson +380 482 344 308 erywhere, be they governed or governors, may they be South-Eastern State Tel. +380 67 695 5427 2 Razenkova Street, 83003 Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, the decisions which will lead this world out of fear and Inspectorate Borys P. Zemsky Tel./fax +380 62 385 8446 Donetsk, Ukraine Luhansk into peace. Donetsk Tel. +380 62 385 8447 [email protected] To the making of these fateful decisions, the Unit- 52 Komsomolska Street Central State Inspectorate Dnipropetrovsk, Tel. +380 67 695 5374 Serhiy V. Myts 49000 Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine , ed States pledges before you, and therefore before Dnipropetrovsk Kirovohrad Fax +380 56 377 6499 the world, its determination to help solve the fearful [email protected] Tel. +380 67 695 5358 P.O. box 4619, 61022 atomic dilemma - to devote its entire heart and mind Eastern State Inspectorate Viktor T. Pravdyuk Poltava, Sumy, Kharkiv Tel./fax +380 57 705 4527 6 Svobody Square, Kharkiv, Ukraine Kharkiv to finding the way by which the miraculous inventive- Tel. +380 57 705 4528 [email protected] ness of man shall not be dedicated to his death, but Tel. +380 67 695 5330 P.O. box 1446, 95000 consecrated to his life. Crimean State Inspectorate Alla I. Pashentseva Crimea, Sevastopol Tel./fax +380 652 601 945 40M K.Mrksa Street, Semferopol, Simferopol I again thank representatives for the great honour Tel. +380 652 543 819 Ukraine, [email protected] they have done me in inviting me to appear before them and in listening to me so graciously. Annex 3

Addresses of State Registration Centres and regional registration centres of the State Register for Ionizing Radiation Sources

Coverage № Registration centre (oblasts) Address Contact person

The Main Registration Centre of 152 Gorkoho Street, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine the State Register for Ionizing Ukraine Borys S. Horemykin tel. +380 44 528 3104 Radiation Sources

Registration centre Rivne, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, 1 Soborna Street, office 310, 33000 Rivne, 1 Larysa O. Khabarova in Rivne Volyn Ukraine tel. +380 362 636 181

Registration centre 152 Gorkoho Street, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine 2 Odesa, Mykolayiv, Kherson Lidiya P. Strygina in Odesa tel. +380 44 529 0685

Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, Kyiv, Registration centre 152 Gorkoho Street, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine 3 Vinnytsya, Natalia N. Mikhailenko in Kyiv tel. +380 44 528 31 04 City of Kyiv

of.442, 52 Komsomolska Street, 49000 Registration centre 4 Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine Dmytro H. Hazhev in Dnipropetrovsk tel. +380 56 372 8013

5 Khodakovskoho Street, office 901-а, 83023 Registration centre Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, 5 Donetsk, Ukraine Serhiy V. Podolsky in Donetsk Luhansk tel. +380 62 312 7779

Registration centre 7/8 Povstannya Street, office 802, 8th floor, 6 Kharkiv, Poltava, Sumy Serhiy K. Bastanzhyyan in Kharkiv 61005 Kharkiv, Ukraine, tel. +380 57 732 8949

Registration centre Crimea 1 Kirova Street, office 607, 95015 Simferopol, 7 Kateryna L. Zaonehina in Simferopol Sevastopol Ukraine, tel. +380 65 254 3822

Lviv, Carpathian, Ivano- 77 Bandery Street, office 304, 76014 Registration centre 8 Frankivsk Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Oksana I. Olenych in Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi tel. +380 342 520 561

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