Question 1. Prepare the diagram that depicts the features of the , the Ryotwari, and the Mahalwari land revenue systems. Answer: Village headman Ans. Tax collected was collected tax given to the company Tax was collected Zamindar Collected directly from farmer the Tax HSSLive.Guru Ownership was Zamindar Became for farmers theland owner

Collected 60% Mahalwari of the yield as tax Ta rate WeTe frequently increased Tax was compulsory Excessive tax rate Tax was to be paid in Cash Tax was collected dividing Excessive tax rate the villages into units Question 2. How did the British land revenue Policy make the peasantry fall easy prey to the How did the British land revenue Policy make the peasantry fall easy prey to the exploitation of moneylenders? Explain. Answer In the permanent land revenue settlement the tax was collected by zamindars. When the zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants. The tax to be paid to the Government was exactly estimated. In the Ryotwari system the ownership of the land was vested with the farmers. The condition of the farmers did not improve. The tax to be paid was of high interest.

HSSLive.Guru Question 3. Conduct a discussion on 'British policies Question 3. Conducta discussion on 'British policies and commercialization of agriculture. Answer The commercialization of agriculture began as a result of landlordism and revenue policy. The products made by them were used to meet their needs. The products were based on both their daily needs and luxury. They began to cultivate cotton. Indigo after Industrial Revolt.

Farmers did not get much income. Indian goods were thrown away. Indian goods lost their value with the arrival of foreign goods. Tax was more during the British rule. Indian lands became the cultivating field of Europe. Indigo, cotton, sugarcane, tea, jute and wheat were cultivated during that period. Question 5. Analyse the circumstances that led to the Indigo Revolt. Answer Indigo was a product in the market. It was used for dyeing. Indigo was found from Indian farms for Europe. The British compelled Indian farmers. Low rate was permitted for the fanners. No other products were allowed to be made. Farmers came with protest, first in . They attacked indigo factories with arrows, swords and spears. As the protest be came severe, factories were closed. By the end of 1860 Indigo cultivation in Bengal came to an end. How did the British rule make the Tribal life miserable. Examine? Answer The tribes became the victims of the British rule. Gathering forest produce, cattle rearing, shifting cultivation, and hunting were their major means of livelihood. The Forest Acts imposed by the British made their life miserable.

They were prohibited to enter forest when the British declared forests as protected.The forests that were abundant with trees required by the British were declared as protected forests.

The British widely felled trees from forests to lay railway lines and build ships, and for plantation. The British levied tax at higher rates on the forest produce collected by the tribes. Question 7. Analyse the reasons for the decline of the Indian textile industry and complete the diagram below. Answer: Decline of Indian textile Industry

British expl Export raw oitation materials

high tax on export of Indian textiles machine

HSSLive.Guru goods expansion of railway Question 8. Prepare an article on the problems faced by different sections of people due to the British policies in . Answer: have the The rules of the British helped Land Revenue people in many ways. them. According to is one among System land. fanners lost their many the rule, rate to pay heavy were compelled They and the inflation in Bengal taxes. The as heavy tax, workers, poverty, of the the life agriculture, field of decline in the money of Zamindars, exploitation affected the

merchants all and lenders people badly. QuesiOn 9. Discuss the causes of the Revolt of 1857 based on the hints below.

Miseries of farmers. Poverty of the craftsmen. Dissatisfaction of kings. Miseries ofthe sepoys.

Answerr The Rebellion was started by the sepoys of Meerut. Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their resentment. The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied enfield rifles were greased with the fat of Indians. COWS and pigs provoked

It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers.The Soldiers who were unwilling to use the the new cartridge were punished by officers.Along with the kings and the also took part in sepoys, Common people the revolt. The British rule had adversely the revolt. The British rule had adversely affected the kings too. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of in efficient rule and were annexed by the British.

This made the kings lead the Rebellion.The salient features of this Rebellion was the active participation of the common people like farmers and craftsmen.The rioters could not overcome the superior military povwer of the British and the rebellion was extremely suppressed.

Though the revolt could not succeed Completely, it was marked as the foremost massive resistance of the Indians against the British.1857 sepoy revolt brought several changes in the policies and administration of the British. The British parliament took over Indians from the British company. Economic exploitation of the British The British parliament took over Indians from the British . Economic exploitation of the British reached its extreme level in the post 1857 phase. Prepare a note on Drain Theory. Answer The financial exploitation of British created hatred among the Indians. Dadabhai Naoroji published the facts on the deterioration of Indian economy under British rule. He established the fact that a huge amount of money was flowing to the British every year. He proved that the drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. His findings were known as 'Drain Theory' The sources of drain of wealth from India to British were of different types.

Export ofIndian raw materials. Pension and salary given for British employees. Profit gained after selling British products. Tax collected from India.

The drain of wealth to foreign countries was iust a nart of exnloitation in India The drain of wealth to foreign countries was just a part of exploitation in India. The British used the methods of heavy taxes, unfavorable marketing etc. They gained more through these means. Question 2. Match column A with column B.

A B

Santhal rebellion Malabar

Mappila rebellion Dadabhai Naoroji

Kurichya rebellion Hills

Drain Theory Wayanad

Answe

A B

Santhal rebellion Rajmahal Hills

Mappila rebellion Malabar

Kurichya rebellion Wayanad

Drain Theory Dadabhai Naoroji Question 5. 'Kurichya rebellion was a resistance by the tribes against the British exploitation.' What were the circumstances that led to the Kurichya rebellion? Answer: Kurichya revolt was another tribal in Surgency against the British in Wayanad. It was organised by the Kurichya and the Kurumba tribes of Wayanad in 1812. There are various reasons for this revolt. Imposition of excessive tax by the British, compulsion for paying tax in cash and seizing of agricultural land for non- payment of tax, etc. are some of them.

The Revolt was led by the Kurichya leader Rama Nambi. Several people other than the tribes also joined in this struggle. The British government suppressed the struggle and killed Rama Nambi. Besides the Santhal and Kurichya revolt. Several other tribal insurgencies broke out in different parts of India. The important anac amana tham ara different parts of India. The important ones among them are.

Pachariya Rebellion .KolRebellion Bhil Rebellion Munda Rebellion Khasi Rebellion Question 8. Evaluate the role of Drain theory by Dadabhai Naoroji in stimulating national feeling among the Indian masses. Answe Economic exploitation among Indians by the Britishers reinforced their anti British attitude. Dadabhai Naoraj ii's drain theory played an important role in making the Common people aware of the economic policy of the British and nationalism among Indians. Question 9. Analyzes the causes of the Revolt of 1857. Answer: There are various reasons for the Revolt of. 1857. The Rebellion was started by the sepoys of Meerut. Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their resentment. The rumour that the car ridge in the newly supplied infield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked Indians. It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiersS.

The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridge were punished by the officers. Along with the kings and the sepoys, common people also took part in the revolt. The British rule had adversely affected the kings too. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British. Question 11. Do you think that the Swadeshi Movement was a mass movement? Why? Answer: To check economic drain, the early national leaders pleaded with the people to boycott foreign goods and strengthen Indian industry by consuming Indian products. As a part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly. The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry.

As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, match box Companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. It was during the Swadeshi movement that the Bengal chemical store in Bengal, The Tata steel plant in Maharashtra and the Swadeshi steam Navigation company in Tamil Nadu were established. Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period.Massive participation of women, laborers, and students were another remarkable feature of this movement. Washer men look a vow that they would not wash foreign clothes.

The priests swore that they would not perform rituals and prayer using foreign items. Women boycotted foreign bangles and utensils. Students quit schools to take part in the movement. Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi movement.