DOCSLIB.ORG

Chronic Wasting Disease and Cervidae Regulations in North

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chronic Wasting Disease and Cervidae Regulations in North Chronic Wasting Disease and Cervidae Regulations in North America MI Department of Natural Resources Contact: Melinda Cosgrove ([email protected] 517-336-5043) April 2020 Agency (with jurisdiction over captive cervids ) Standard Regulations (listed only if different or in Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Regulations Ban on Importation and Movement of Cervid Carcasses/Parts or Animal CWD Found in CWD Found in Free- State/Province New Regulations in Development CWD Testing for Captive Cervids CWD Testing for Free-ranging Cervids Baiting Banned? Feeding Banned? and Contacts addition to those listed in Summary below) for Captive Cervids Products? Captive Cervids Ranging Cervids Thirty states and seven of the Canadian provinces listed prohibit the importation of live In thirteen states and five of the Canadian cervids from any county, region and/or state provinces listed, the state's Department of where CWD has been detected; have regulations CWD has been CWD has been found Agriculture, or equivalent, has jurisdiction over that can prohibit importation from CWD areas; found in captive in free -ranging cervids captive cervids. The Department of Fish and require that the state exporting the cervid be This column lists newly adopted or in devlopment Forty-four states and nine of the Canadian cervids in seventeen in twenty-four states Game, or equivalent has jurisdiction in eleven Ninteen states and five provinces ban the import of hunter-harvested cervid Standard Regulations are: 1)Certification of enrolled in an official CWD monitoring and regulations regarding CWD in the States and Canada. provinces listed perform some degree of Forty-nine states and ten of the Canadian provinces listed perform some level of Twenty-two states and three states and three and two Canadian states and five of the provinces listed. Captive Ten states and one of the Canadian provinces carcasses and certain parts from any state or province. Twenty-five states and Veterinary Inspection (health certificate), 2)Import certification program; and/or require only that The CFIA has updated its national CWD disease control captive cervid testing for CWD where captive CWD testing on wild cervids. Of those seven states and one province perform Canadian provinces do not allow Canadian provinces provinces (AR, CO, IA, cervid farms are jointly managed by both listed do not allow the feeding of cervids and one province ban the import of cervid carcasses and certain parts only from Summary or Entry Permit, 3)Negative brucellosis test (within there has been no diagnosis of CWD in the program, and is updating the national standards for the cervids are legal. In addition, a portion of the testing for targeted animals only. Currently, a portion of the surveillance and all the baiting of cervids. Fourteen (CO, IL, IA, KS, MI, IL, KS, MD, MI, MN, agencies in twenty-six states and one of the seveneen states and one province have states or provinces where CWD has been detected. Nine states and five 30-60 days of import), 4)Negative tuberculosis test originating herd or imported cervid. Nineteen vountary herd certification program. CFIA's federal import surveillance testing and all confirmatory testing confirmatory testing from across Canada takes place at CFIA's national reference states and one province have MN, MO, MT, NE, MO, MS, MT, ND, NE, eleven listed Canadian provinces. In Canada, certain restrictions. provinces have no particular ban in place. See each state or province for (within 30-90 days of import) states and three of the Canadian provinces listed requirements for live cervids from the USA were updated from across Canada takes place at CFIA's lab for CWD. certain restrictions on baiting. NY, OH, OK, PA, NM, NY, PA, SD, TN, The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), specific rules. have banned all cervid imports. One state and in October of 2017. national reference lab for CWD. SD, TX, UT, WI, TX, UT, VA, WI, WV, manages the national CWD control program for one of the Canadian provinces listed have no Alberta, Quebec, and WY, Alberta and captive cervids, and the national standards and specific rules listed. In Canada, national disease Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan). audit portions of the voluntary herd certification control of CWD falls primarily under the Health program (VHCP). of Animals Act, and Health of Animals Regulations. States The importation of body parts of any member of the family Cervidae, including but not limited to deer, elk, moose and caribou, is prohibited from all states, Cervid imports have not been allowed since 1973. territories, or possessions of the United States of America. Importation of body Sampling began in 2001. As of 5-1-20, 1,638 free-range deer tested in FY20. Department of Conservation and Natural It is illegal to have penned deer, several high fenced parts is also prohibited from all foreign countries. The family Cervidae includes Samples include target animals, road kills, hunter harvested animals, and Resources. areas do exist. Game breeders can buy and sell No, as long as the hunter has a but is not limited to white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, moose, caribou, fallow animals that die in licensed game breeder facilities. No positive animals have Contacts: Chris Cook (205) 339-5716 deer with permit, but no importation is allowed. Baiting Privilege License. This is deer, axis deer, sika deer, red deer, and reindeer. This regulation shall not Cervid imports have not been allowed since CWD Strategic Surveillance and Response Plan updated Mandatory testing of animals 12 months of age been found to date. Plans are to continue surveillance efforts. Education efforts Alabama [email protected] (wild cervids) Approximately 15 "grandfathered" propagators are required for all hunters (no No apply to importation of: meat that has been completely deboned; cleaned skull No No 1973. April 2020 or older that die in captive herds. have also made the public more aware of the need to report deer that may be Lt. Michael East (334) 242-3467 permitted to keep, breed, and release deer into an exemptions) using bait while plates with attached antlers, if no visible brain or spinal cord tissue is present; doing poorly or may not be acting normally. Those deer are submitted for testing [email protected] (captive enclosure. Permitted propagators can't add animals hunting deer. raw capes or hides, if no visible brain or spinal cord tissue is present; upper as well. Mandatory testing of animals 12 months of age or older that die in cervids) to their captive facility from the wild. Propagation canine teeth, if no root structure or other soft tissue is present; and finished captive herds. 460 captive deer tested in 2019. permits are no longer issued. taxidermy products or tanned hides. Importation of velvet covered antlers is prohibited unless they are part of a finished taxidermy product. Dept of Natural Resources-Division of Agriculture responsible for game farm permits and Imported cervids must have a certificate of The importation of whole carcasses and certain carcass parts from cervidae inspecting fencing. Dept of Environmental veterinary inspection, state import permit, individual Targeted and voluntary hunter harvested surveillance of deer and elk began in (including mule deer, white-tailed deer, black-tailed deer and elk) and other Imported cervids must have a certificate of Conservation-Division of Environmental Health animal id traceable to the premises of origin, 2003 with moose and caribou targeted surveillance added in 2004. Hunter CWD susceptible species into the state of Alaska is banned. Importation of veterinary inspection, state import permit, responsible for animal health regulations. Dept originate from a herd designated by a state as free Voluntary Certification Program that is harvest surveillance discontinued in 2009. Targeted surveillance scaled back to carcass parts from such species is restricted to: de-boned meat (cut and individual animal id traceable to the premises of of Fish & Game-Division of Wildlife Conservation of brucellosis and tuberculosis or has tested consistent with 9 CFR 55.23 (5 years to within 5 miles of an elk facility in March 2012. CWD surveillance other than wrapped, commercially or privately); quarters or other meat portions with no origin, negative TB and Brucellosis, originate Intrastate movement of captive cervids rerquires permit Alaska responsible for free-ranging cerivds. Contact: negative for brucellosis and tuberculosis not earlier achieve CWD low risk certified status) has clinical suspects has been discontinued. In 2013 -1966 SBT deer, 89 elk, 119 No baiting allowed. No feeding allowed. portion of the spinal column (including dorsal root ganglion) or head attached; No No from a CWD low risk herd as defined by 9 CFR from State Veterinarian. Department of Environmental Conservation than 60 days before importation , originate from a been established and supports testing for caribou and 740 moose have been tested, all negative for CWD. Surveillance processed meat (cut and wrapped commercially or privately); hides with no 55.23 (five years of surveillance) that is enrolled (captive cervids) Dr. Bob Gerlach CWD low risk herd as defined by 9 CFR 55.23 (five captive cervids. discontinued in 2014. Only clinical suspects or necropsy cases tested. heads attached; clean and disinfected skull plates; antlers with no meat or in an official CWD monitoring and surveillance [email protected], ADF&G-Division of years of surveillance) that is enrolled in an official tissue attached; clean and disinfected whole skull (European mount) - no meat program consistent with 9 CFR 55.23. Wildlife Conservation (free-ranging cervids) CWD monitoring and surveillance program that is or nervous tissue (brain, cranial nerves) attached; and teeth (upper canines or Kimberlee Beckmen, consistent with 9 CFR 55.23. buglers). [email protected] Effective 30 August 2003, no cervid can be imported into Arizona except for zoos under Yes, according to Article 3 R12-4-305, out-of-state hunters can only bring in specific conditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationship of Thai Cervids Inferred from Nucleotide Sequences of Protein Kinase C Iota (PRKCI) Intron
    Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 43 : 709 - 719 (2009) An Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationship of Thai Cervids Inferred from Nucleotide Sequences of Protein Kinase C Iota (PRKCI) Intron Kanita Ouithavon1, Naris Bhumpakphan2, Jessada Denduangboripant3, Boripat Siriaroonrat4 and Savitr Trakulnaleamsai5* ABSTRACT The phylogenetic relationship of five Thai cervid species (n=21) and four spotted deer (Axis axis, n=4), was determined based on nucleotide sequences of the intron region of the protein kinase C iota (PRKCI) gene. Blood samples were collected from seven captive breeding centers in Thailand from which whole genomic DNA was extracted. Intron1 sequences of the PRKCI nuclear gene were amplified by a polymerase chain reaction, using L748 and U26 primers. Approximately 552 base pairs of all amplified fragments were analyzed using the neighbor-joining distance matrix method, and 19 parsimony- informative sites were analyzed using the maximum parsimony approach. Phylogenetic analyses using the subfamily Muntiacinae as outgroups for tree rooting indicated similar topologies for both phylogenetic trees, clearly showing a separation of three distinct genera of Thai cervids: Muntiacus, Cervus, and Axis. The study also found that a phylogenetic relationship within the genus Axis would be monophyletic if both spotted deer and hog deer were included. Hog deer have been conventionally classified in the genus Cervus (Cervus porcinus), but this finding supports a recommendation to reclassify hog deer in the genus Axis. Key words: Thailand, the family Cervidae, protein kinase C iota (PRKCI) intron, phylogenetic tree, taxonomy INTRODUCTION 1987; Gentry, 1994). Cervids, or what is commonly called “deer,” are mostly characterized The family Cervidae is one of the most by antlers with a bony inner core and velvet skin specious families of artiodactyls, with an extensive cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Sequence Diversity of the Prion Protein Gene (PRNP) in Wild Deer and Goat Species from Spain
    Pitarch et al. Vet Res (2018) 49:33 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0528-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Low sequence diversity of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in wild deer and goat species from Spain José Luis Pitarch1, Helen Caroline Raksa1, María Cruz Arnal2, Miguel Revilla2, David Martínez2, Daniel Fernández de Luco2, Juan José Badiola1, Wilfred Goldmann3 and Cristina Acín1* Abstract The frst European cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in free-ranging reindeer and wild elk were confrmed in Norway in 2016 highlighting the urgent need to understand transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in the context of European deer species and the many individual populations throughout the European continent. The genetics of the prion protein gene (PRNP) are crucial in determining the relative susceptibility to TSEs. To establish PRNP gene sequence diversity for free-ranging ruminants in the Northeast of Spain, the open reading frame was sequenced in over 350 samples from fve species: Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama), Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) and Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica). Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in red deer: a silent mutation at codon 136, and amino acid changes T98A and Q226E. Pyrenean chamois revealed a silent SNP at codon 38 and an allele with a single octapeptide-repeat deletion. No polymorphisms were found in roe deer, fallow deer and Iberian wild goat. This appar- ently low variability of the PRNP coding region sequences of four major species in Spain resembles previous fndings for wild mammals, but implies that larger surveys will be necessary to fnd novel, low frequency PRNP gene alleles that may be utilized in CWD risk control.
    [Show full text]
  • Rule Making Activities
    RULE MAKING ACTIVITIES Each rule making is identified by an I.D. No., which consists the meaning of various terms in the existing regulations, clarify existing regulatory language, and bring the regulations into compliance with up- of 13 characters. For example, the I.D. No. AAM-01-96- dates to the act. 00001-E indicates the following: The following is a brief summary of the amendments to the existing regulations. AAM -the abbreviation to identify the adopting agency 1. Addition of a definition of the term “High Cost Area” to Section 01 -the State Register issue number 2160.2 of the Regulations and subsequent definitions in such section are 96 -the year renumbered accordingly. 2. Amendment of Section 2162.1 of the Regulations to update grant 00001 -the Department of State number, assigned upon re- limits to accord with the current statutory provisions found in Section ceipt of notice 1112(1) of the Act. E -Emergency Rule Making—permanent action not 3. Amendment of Sections 2163.1(b) and 2164.5(b) of the Regulations to add a new clause numbered Section 2163.1(b)(6) regarding fair housing intended (This character could also be: A for Adop- law compliance requirements and to add Section 2164.5(b)(6) regarding tion; P for Proposed Rule Making; RP for Revised methods to be employed to ensure fair and equitable access to assistance Rule Making; EP for a combined Emergency and and participation in the Project. Proposed Rule Making; EA for an Emergency Rule Text of proposed rule and any required statements and analyses may be obtained from: Jay Ticker, Associate Counsel, Affordable Housing Making that is permanent and does not expire 90 Corporation, 641 Lexington Ave., New York, NY 10022, (212) 688-0400, days after filing; or C for first Continuation.) e-mail: [email protected] Data, views or arguments may be submitted to: Same as above.
    [Show full text]
  • Deer from Late Miocene to Pleistocene of Western Palearctic: Matching Fossil Record and Molecular Phylogeny Data
    Zitteliana B 32 (2014) 115 Deer from Late Miocene to Pleistocene of Western Palearctic: matching fossil record and molecular phylogeny data Roman Croitor Zitteliana B 32, 115 – 153 München, 31.12.2014 Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare 1, Md-2028, Chisinau, Moldova; Manuscript received 02.06.2014; revision E-mail: [email protected] accepted 11.11.2014 ISSN 1612 - 4138 Abstract This article proposes a brief overview of opinions on cervid systematics and phylogeny, as well as some unresolved taxonomical issues, morphology and systematics of the most important or little known mainland cervid genera and species from Late Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene of Western Eurasia and from Late Pleistocene and Holocene of North Africa. The Late Miocene genera Cervavitus and Pliocervus from Western Eurasia are included in the subfamily Capreolinae. A cervid close to Cervavitus could be a direct forerunner of the modern genus Alces. The matching of results of molecular phylogeny and data from cervid paleontological record revealed the paleozoogeographical context of origin of modern cervid subfamilies. Subfamilies Capreolinae and Cervinae are regarded as two Late Miocene adaptive radiations within the Palearctic zoogeographic province and Eastern part of Oriental province respectively. The modern clade of Eurasian Capreolinae is significantly depleted due to climate shifts that repeatedly changed climate-geographic conditions of Northern Eurasia. The clade of Cervinae that evolved in stable subtropical conditions gave several later radiations (including the latest one with Cervus, Rusa, Panolia, and Hyelaphus) and remains generally intact until present days. During Plio-Pleistocene, cervines repeatedly dispersed in Palearctic part of Eurasia, however many of those lineages have become extinct.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronic Wasting Disease and Cervidae Regulations in North
    Chronic Wasting Disease and Cervidae Regulations in North America MI Department of Natural Resources Contact: Melinda Cosgrove ([email protected] 517-336-5043) May 2017 Agency (with jurisdiction over captive cervids ) Standard Regulations (listed only if different or in Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Regulations In Process of Developing or Implementing New or CWD Found in CWD Found in Free- State/Province CWD Testing Program for Captive Cervids CWD Testing Program for Wildlife Baiting Banned Feeding Banned Ban on Movement of Animal Parts and Contacts addition to those listed in Summary below) for Captive Cervids and Wildlife Additional CWD Regulations Captive Cervids Ranging Cervids Thirty-two states and six of the Canadian provinces listed prohibit the importation of In nine states and four of the Canadian provinces cervids from any county, region and/or state that listed, the state's Department of Agriculture, or CWD has been is endemic for CWD; have regulations that can CWD has been found equivalent, has jurisdiction over captive cervids. found in captive prohibit importation from endemic areas; require Fifteen states and five of the Canadian provinces listed in free -ranging cervids The Department of Fish and Game, or equivalent Forty-six states and ten of the Canadian cervids in sixteen that the state exporting the cervid be enrolled in are currently in the process of developing new and/or Twenty-two states do not allow in twenty-one states has jurisdiction in nine states and four of the Standard Regulations are: 1)Certification of provinces listed perform captive cervid testing states and two an official CWD monitoring and certification additional CWD regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Sand Dunes Species List
    National Park Service Great Sand Dunes U.S. Department of the Interior Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve List of Mammal, Reptile, Amphibian, and Fish Species *indicates species is Class Amphibia possibly extirpated Family Species Common Name Ambystomatidae Ambystoma tigrinum Tiger Salamander Bufonidae Bufo cognatus Great Plains Toad Bufonidae Bufo woodhousii Woodhouse’s Toad Hylidae Pseudacris triseriata Striped Chorus Frog Ranidae Rana pipiens Northern Leopard Frog * Pelobatidae Scaphiopus bombifrons Plains Spadefoot Toad Class Mammalia Family Species Common Name Antilocapridae Antilocapra americana Pronghorn Bovidae Ovis canadensis Bighorn Sheep Bovidae Bison bison Bison Canidae Canis latrans Coyote Canidae Urocyon cinereoargenteus Gray Fox Canidae Vulpes vulpes Red Fox Castoridae Castor canadensis Beaver Cervidae Cervus elaphus Elk Cervidae Odocoileus hemionus Mule Deer Cricetidae Clethrionomys gapperi Gapper’s Red-backed Vole Cricetidae Microtus longicaudus Long-tailed Vole Cricetidae Microtus pennsylvanicus Meadow Vole Cricetidae Neotoma cinerea Bushy-tailed Woodrat Cricetidae Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat Cricetidae Onychomys leucogaster Northern Grasshopper Mouse Cricetidae Perognathus apache Apache Pocket Mouse Cricetidae Perognathus flavus Silky Pocket Mouse Cricetidae Peromyscus maniculatus Deer Mouse Cricetidae Peromyscus difficilis Rock Mouse Cricetidae Phenacomys intermedius Heather Vole Cricetidae Reithrodontomys megalotis Western Harvest Mouse Cricetidae Zapus princeps Western Jumping Mouse Erethizontidae Erethizon
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Relationships of Five Newly Sequenced Cervid Species
    Systematic relationships of five newly sequenced cervid species Nicola S. Heckeberg1,2,3, Dirk Erpenbeck1,4, Gert Wörheide1,2,4 and Gertrud E. Rössner1,2,4 1 Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany 2 SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany 3 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom 4 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ABSTRACT Cervid phylogenetics has been puzzling researchers for over 150 years. In recent decades, molecular systematics has provided new input for both the support and revision of the previous results from comparative anatomy but has led to only partial consensus. Despite all of the efforts to reach taxon-wide species sampling over the last two decades, a number of cervid species still lack molecular data because they are difficult to access in the wild. By extracting ancient DNA from museum specimens, in this study, we obtained partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences for Mazama bricenii, Mazama chunyi, Muntiacus atherodes, Pudu mephistophiles, and Rusa marianna, including three holotypes. These new sequences were used to enrich the existing mitochondrial DNA alignments and yielded the most taxonomically complete data set for cervids to date. Phylogenetic analyses provide new insights into the evolutionary history of these five species. However, systematic uncertainties within Muntiacus persist and resolving phylogenetic relationships within Pudu and Mazama remain challenging. Subjects Biodiversity, Computational Biology, Evolutionary Studies, Taxonomy, Zoology Submitted 12 September 2015 Keywords Cervidae, Phylogeny, Polyphyly, Cytochrome b, Pudu, Mazama, Muntiacus, Rusa Accepted 9 July 2016 Published 4 August 2016 Corresponding authors INTRODUCTION Nicola S.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of a New Deer Species
    Description of a new deer species (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene of Eastern Europe, with a review of early dispersals and palaeobiogeography of the subfamily Cervinae Roman Croitor To cite this version: Roman Croitor. Description of a new deer species (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene of Eastern Europe, with a review of early dispersals and palaeobiogeography of the subfamily Cervinae. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, E Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2017, 283 (1), pp.85 - 108. 10.1127/njgpa/2017/0630. hal-01737204 HAL Id: hal-01737204 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01737204 Submitted on 14 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 283/1, 85-108 - Stuttgart, January 2017 Description of a new deer species (Cervidae, Mammalia) from the Early Pliocene of Eastern Europe, with a review of early dispersals and palaeobiogeography of the subfamily Cervinae Roman Croitor With 12 figures and 2 tables Abstract: A new deer species, Praeelaphus australorientalis sp. nov., is described from the Kuchurgan beds dated back to the Lower Pliocene (European Lang Mammal Zones MN14 – beginning of MN15).
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliography of the Parasites, Diseases and Disorders of Several Important Wild Ruminants of the Northern Hemisphere
    A Bibliography of the Parasites, Diseases and Disorders of Several Important Wild Ruminants of the Northern Hemisphere by Kenneth A. N eiland and Clarice Dukeminier Reindeer and Caribou, Genus, Rangifer Moose, Genus Akes Sheep and Related Mountain Game De r, Genus Odocoileus \ ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME \Vildlife Technical Bulletin 3 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PARASITES, DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF SEVERAL IMPORTANT WILD RUMINANTS OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE Reindeer and caribou, genus Rangifer Moose, genus Alces Sheep and related mountain game Deer, genus Odocoileus Kenneth A. Neiland and Clarice Dukeminier State of Alaska William A. Egan Governor Department of Fish and Game Wallace H. Noerenberg Commissioner Division of Game Frank Jones, Acting Director Donald McKnight, Research Chief •' Alaska Department of Fish and Game Game Technical Bulletin No. 3 June 1972 Financed through Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Project W-17-R CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................... PART I - Reindeer and Caribou, Genus Rangifer 1 Protozoa .. 2 Helminths ..................... 5 Arthropods .................... 16 Bacterial, Viral and Miscellaneous Diseases or Disorders 27 PART 11 - Moose, Genus Alces 48 General Sources 49 Protozoa .. 50 Helminths ... 51 Arthropods .. 58 Bacterial, Viral and Miscellaneous Diseases or Disorders 61 PART 111 - Sheep and Related Mountain Game. 64 Protozoa .. 65 Helminths .............. 66 Arthropods ............. 73 Bacterial, Viral and Miscellaneous Diseases or Disorders 75 PART IV - Deer, Genus Odocoileus 78 General Sources 79 Protozoa .. 80 Helminths ... 84 Arthropods .. .100 Bacterial Diseases .114 Viral Diseases ... .121 Miscellaneous Diseases .125 APPENDIX ......... .134 INTRODUCTION The following bibliographies are part of a series started when the senior author first became involved in wildlife disease studies in Alaska in 1959.
    [Show full text]
  • Family: Mustelidae
    New York State Mammals ORDER CARNIVORA Family: Mustelidae 1. Fisher (Martes pennanti) 2. American marten (Martes americana) 3. Mink (Neovison vison) 4. Long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata) 5. Short-tailed weasel (Mustela erminea) 6. River otter (Lontra canadensis) Family: Mephitidae 1. Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) Family: Felidae 1. Bobcat (Lynx rufus) FAMILY: Mustelidae • Usually slender with short limbs • Well developed anal scent glands • Contains smallest Carnivora mammal on earth • Sexual dimorphism •Males are larger than females • Carnassial teeth well developed Least weasel 50 g Fisher Martes pennanti • Habitat: Primarily forests • Declining in west, but expanding in east • Large mustelid • Males: 3.5 kg • Females: 2.5 kg • Dark brown pelage with silver/gold guard hairs on face American marten Martes americana • Habitat: Boreal forests • Semi-arboreal • Diet: red squirrels, other small mammals, birds (seasonal) • Smaller than fishers • Males 1.5 kg • Females 0.75 kg • Auburn to brown pelage with cream-colored throat patch Mink Neovison vison • Habitat: near water, usually in forests • Nocturnal • Diet: muskrats, rabbits, mice, chipmunks, fish • Males 1 kg • Females 0.75 kg • Dark brown-black pelage with white chin patch Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata • Habitat: Generalist, often avoids dense forests & high elevations • Males 2x larger than females • Tail at least ½ body length • Pelage: light brown dorsally, cream-colored ventrally, black-tipped tail • White in winter Short-tailed weasel, “Ermine” Mustela erminea • Habitat:
    [Show full text]
  • Spotted Deer
    Husbandry Guidelines For Chital or Spotted deer Axis Axis (Mammalia: Cervidae) Compiler: Holly Moran Date of Preparation: Western Sydney Institute of TAFE, Richmond Course Name and Number: Captive animals, RVU30204 Lecturer: Graeme Phipps, Jacki Salkeld, Brad Walker, DISCLAIMER 2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS Chital deer are a flighty animal and need plenty of room to run, feel safe and graze (or mimic) as they do in the wild. If chital deer to not have this room they will be very edgy and will cause problems for keepers. That will then create Occupational health and safety issues with regards to being in the enclosure with them. Give them plenty of room as they may kick but will most likely take off with the herd and become skittish. This is when a escape is most likely. Make sure all fencing is at correct height and that deer have a safe area to retreat too. When approaching deer do so in a quiet manner with no sudden moves but make sure they know you are coming. Daily cleaning must be done to clear fesses to unsure a clean enclosure and workplace. Cleaning routines should be carried out with gloves. Hands must also be washed when finished. A hazpac assessment should be carried out on any possible hazards. Keeper entrances must be at standing height. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 7 2 TAXONOMY .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mammals of Indiana This List of Indiana's Mammal Species Was Compiled by the State's Nongame Mammalogist Based on Accepted Taxonomic Standards and Other Relevant Data
    Mammals of Indiana This list of Indiana's mammal species was compiled by the state's Nongame Mammalogist based on accepted taxonomic standards and other relevant data. It is periodically reviewed and updated. References used for scientific names are included at the bottom of this list. ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES COMMON NAME STATUS* Didelphimorphia Didelphidae opossums Didelphis virginiana Virginia opossum Soricomorpha Soricidae shrews Sorex cinereus Masked shrew Sorex fumeus Smoky shrew SC Sorex hoyi Pygmy shrew SC Sorex longirostris Southeastern shrew Blarina brevicauda Northern short-tailed shrew Cryptotis parva Least shrew Talpidae moles Scalopus aquaticus Eastern mole Condylura cristata Star-nosed mole SC Chiroptera Vespertilionidae evening and vesper bats Myotis austroriparius Southeastern myotis SC Myotis grisescens Gray myotis FE, SE Myotis leibii Eastern small-footed myotis SC Myotis lucifugus Little brown myotis SE Myotis septentrionalis Northern long-eared myotis FT, SE Myotis sodalis Indiana myotis FE, SE Lasionycteris noctivagans Silver-haired bat SC Perimyotis subflavus Tri-colored bat SE Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat Nycticeius humeralis Evening bat SE Lasiurus borealis Red bat SC Lasiurus cinereus Hoary bat SC Corynorhinus rafinesquii Rafinesque's big-eared bat SC Cingulata Dasypodidae armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus Nine-banded armadillo Lagomorpha Leporidae rabbits and hares Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus aquaticus Swamp rabbit SE Rodentia Sciuridae squirrels Tamias striatus Eastern chipmunk Marmota
    [Show full text]