University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst The eN edle's Eye: Women and Work in the Age of Revolution 1-1-2006 Abbreviations, Notes, and Index Marla R. Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/umpress_tne Part of the Women's History Commons Miller, Marla R., "Abbreviations, Notes, and Index" (2006). The Needle's Eye: Women and Work in the Age of Revolution. 11. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/umpress_tne/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in The eN edle's Eye: Women and Work in the Age of Revolution by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABBREVIATIONS lepositones CHS Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Connecticut CSL Connecticut State Library, Hartford, Connecticut FL Forbes Library, Northampton, Massachusetts HCMRP Hampshire County [Massachusetts] Registry of Probate HHS Hadley Historical Society, Hadley, Massachusetts HN Historic Northampton, Northampton, Massachusetts JDC Joseph Downs Collection of Manuscripts and Printed Ephemera, Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum Library, Winterthur, Delaware. MHS Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts PPHP Porter Phelps Huntington Papers, Archives and Special Collection, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts* PVMA Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield, Massachusetts VHS Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier, Vermont. Publications CC Connecticut Courant HG Hampshire Gazette Proper Names TNC Tryphena Newton Cooke EFN Elizabeth "Easter" Fairchild Newton CPP Catherine Phelps Parsons EPP Elizabeth Porter Phelps EWPH Elizabeth Whiting Phelps Huntington RD Rebecca Dickinson * Most references to this collection in the notes are to letters between Elizabeth Porter Phelps and her daughter, Elizabeth "Betsy" Whiting Phelps Huntington, all housed in boxes 5 and 13 and filed chronologically. Citations to the PPHP materials assume these locations unless materials from else- where in the collection are cited, in which case box and folder numbers are provided as well. The full Finding Aid is available online at http://www.amherst.edu/library/archives/index.html. 233 This page intentionally left blank NOTES Introduction. Early American Artisanry: Why Gender Matters 1. Scot M. Guenter, The American Flag, IJJJ—1924: Cultural Shifts from Creation to Commodification (London: Associated University Presses, 1990), 101—3; Karol Ann Mar- ling, George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture, i8j6—i<)86 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988), 13-20; David Hackett Fischer, Liberty and Freedom: A Visual History of America's Founding Ideas (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 158-62. On the evolution of the Ross legend, see Allan E. Peterson, "Cher- ished and Ignored: A Cultural History of Betsy Ross" (master's thesis, San Diego State University, 2001). 2. William Timmins, Betsy Ross: The Griscom Legacy (Woodstown, N.J.: Salem County Cultural and Heritage Commission, 1983), 125—58, esp. 142—43. 3. Ken Ames, Death in the Dining Room and Other Tales of Victorian Culture (Phila- delphia: Temple University Press, 1992). 4. Important work that has challenged notions of self-sufficiency includes Joan Jen- sen, Loosening the Bonds: Mid-Atlantic Farm Women, 1750—1850 (New Haven: Yale Uni- versity Press, 1986); Carole Shammus, "How Self-Sufficient Was Early America?" Journal of Interdisciplinary History 13, no. 2 (1982): 247-72; Adrienne D. Hood, The Weaver's Craft: Cloth, Commerce, and Industry in Early Pennsylvania (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003). 5. Joy Parr, "Gender History and Historical Practice," Canadian Historical Review 76 (1995): 354-76, esp. 367; Steven Maynard, "Rough Work and Rugged Men: The Social Con- struction ofMasculinity in Working-Class History, Labour/Le Travailv, (1989): 159-69. 6. Harry R. Reubenstein, "With Hammer in Hand: Working-Class Occupational Portraits," in American Artisans: Crafting Social Identity, 1750—1850, ed. Howard B. Rock, Paul A. Gilje, and Robert Asher (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 184. 7. Lisa Lubow, "Artisans in Transition: Early Capitalist Development and the Car- penters of Boston, 1787—1837" (Ph.D. diss., University of California at Los Angeles, 1987), xiii, 593. See also Joshua R. Greenberg, "Advocating 'the Man': Masculinity, Orga- nized Labor, and the Market Revolution in New York, 1800-1840" (Ph.d. diss., American University, 2003). Of course, the increasingly masculine resonance of artisanal trades was also bound up in changing gender conventions of those decades; especially relevant here is Catherine E. Kelly, In the New England Fashion: Reshaping Women's Lives in the Nine- teenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999). 8. Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, "Martha Ballard and Her Girls: Women's Work in Eighteenth-Century Maine," in Work and Labor in Early America, ed. Stephen Innes (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Institute of Early American His- tory and Culture, 1988), 71. 235 236 Notes to Pages 6-7 9. The literature here is extensive. Among the most useful works are Judith M. Ben- nett, " 'History That Stands Still': Women's Work in the European Past," Feminist Studies 14, no. 2 (1988): 269-83; Judith G. Coffin, "Gender and the Guild Order: The Garment Trades in Eighteenth-Century Paris," Journal of Economic History 54 (1994): 768—93; Nat- alie Zemon Davis, "Women in the Crafts in Sixteenth-Century Lyon," in Women and Work in Preindustrial Europe, ed. Barbara Hanawalt, 167—97 (Bloomington: Indiana Uni- versity Press, 1986); Pamela Sharps, Adapting to Capitalism: WorkingWomen in the English Economy, 1/00—1850 (London: Macmillan, 1996). Katrina Honeyman and Jordan Good- man observe the longstanding effort among women's historians to understand wage dis- parities, past and present, in "Women's Work, Gender Conflict, and Labour Markets in Europe, 1500-1900, Economic History Review, n.s., 44 (1991): 608-28. 10. Honeyman and Goodman, "Women's Work," 608. 11. Gloria Main, "Gender, Work, and Wages in Colonial New England," William and Mary Quarterly 51 (1994): 39-66; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, The Age of Homespun: Ob- jects and Stories in the Creation of an American Myth (New York: Knopf, 2001), and "Wheels, Looms, and the Gender Division of Labor in Eighteenth-Century New En- gland," William andMary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 55 (1998): 3-38; Winifred Barr Rothenberg, From Market-Places to a Market Economy: The Transformation of Rural Massachusetts, 1/50—1850 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), and "The Emergence of Farm Labor Markets and the Transformation of the Rural Economy: Massachusetts, 1750- 18')')," Journal of Economic History 4% (1988): 537-66. 12. See, e.g., Rebecca J. Tannenbaum, The Healer's Calling: Women and Medicine in Early New England (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002); Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, A Midwife's Tale: The Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1/85—1812 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), and "Wheels, Looms"; Hood, Weaver's Craft; Martin Breugal, "Work, Gender, and Authority on the Farm: The Hudson Valley Countryside, 17905— 18505," Agricultural History 76, no. I (2002): 1—27; Jensen, Loosening the Bonds; Anne Yentsch, "Engendering Visible and Invisible Ceramic Artifacts, Especially Dairy Vessels," Historical Archaeology 25, no. 4 (1991): 132-55; Mary H. Blewett, "Work, Gender, and the Artisan Tradition in New England Shoemaking, 1780—1860," Journal of Social History 17, no. 2 (1983): 221—48; JoAnn Preston, "Domestic Ideology, School Reformers, and Female Teachers: School Teaching Becomes Women's Work in igth-Century New England," New England Quarterly 66 (1993): 531-661; Joel Perlman, Silvana R Siddali and Keith Whitescarver, "Literacy, Schooling, and Teaching among New England Women, 1730- 1820," History of Education Quarterly 37, no. 2 (1997): 117-39. 13. See Richard Bushman, "Markets and Composite Farms in Early America," Wil- liam andMary Quarterly 55 (1998): 364. 14. Judith M. Bennett, Ale, Beer, andBrewsters in England: Women's Work in a Chang- ing World, 1300—1600 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996); Katrina Honeyman, Women, Gender, and Industrialisation in England, 1/00—18/0 (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000); Martha C. Howell, "Women, the Family Economy, and the Structure of Market Production in Cities of Northern Europe during the Late Middle Ages," in Hanawalt, Women and Work, 198—222; Margaret R. Hunt, The Middling Sort: Commerce, Gender, and the Family in England, 1680—1/80 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996); Elizabeth Sanderson, Women and Work in Eighteenth-Century Edinburgh (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996); Sharpe, Adapting to Capitalism, and the essays collected in Pamela Sharpe, ed., Women's Work: The English Experience, 1650—1914 (London: Arnold, Notes to Pages 7—p 237 1998); K. D. M. Snell, Annals of^the Labouring Poor: Social Change andAgrarian England, 1660—ic>oo (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986); Jan de Vries, "Between Pur- chasing Power and the World of Goods: Understanding the Household Economy in Early Modern Europe," in Consumption and the World of Goods, ed. John Brewer and Roy Porter, 85-132 (New York: Routledge, 1993). 15. There is a thriving literature on women in artisanal crafts in other parts of the early modern Atlantic world. Some notable contributions that are particularly