International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

Ethno Medicinal Aspects of Some Medicinal Plants of District,

B. S. Hada PhD Scholar, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, , Rajasthan,

S. S. Katewa UGC-BSR-Faculty Fellow Laboratory of Agrostology and Ethanobotany Department of Botany, M.L.S. University, , Rajasthan, India

Abstract - The Bundi district area is part of south-east Rajasthan. Recently ethno medicinal studies have gained importance during recent years. However, this valuable source of knowledge is not adequately documented, which impedes their widespread use, evaluation and validation. Here, in the present work eighteen selected medicinal plant species, used extensively by local people and tribal communities residing in Bundi district have been screened qualitatively to find out their ethno medicinal properties. The present work listing includes botanical name, family and ethno medicinal uses of some plants. This work highlights updated information that may provide incentive for proper evaluation of the plant as medicinal agent against many human diseases. It may offer immense opportunity for researchers engaged in validation of the traditional claims and development of safe and effective medicine. This will be very useful for pharmacologists, phytochemists and pharmaceuticals.

Keywords: Ethno medicinal Plants, Medicinal Plants, Bundi District, Human Diseases

I. INTRODUCTION

In today’s world of expensive and highly-commercialized modern medicines, it is indeed the magical rejuvenator- herb. As per the reports of World Health Organization (WHO) nearly 80% of the world’s population relies mainly on plant-based-traditional-medicines to meet their primary healthcare needs [1]. The plant has been demonstrated to possess multiple ethno medicinal, pharmacological and medicinal activities, but systematic updated information lack on, a popular therapeutic effectiveness herbal remedy in India [2]. Since from the time of Rig-Veda (4500-1600 B.C.) and even earlier, the plants are utilized based on the “Doctrine of Signature” that is God wood mark or sign each plant in some way or the other to indicate its medicinal property. It is estimated that nearly one third of about 15,000 higher plant species in India are used by the tribal’s and poor people for cure of various diseases. Many plants in this country have potential medicinal uses but their contents may be influenced by edaphic and climatic factors which need further investigations. Information from ethnic groups or indigenous traditional medicine has played a vital role in the discovery of novel products from plants as chemotherapeutic agents [3]. Indigenous knowledge (often called traditional knowledge, folk wisdom and/or folk knowledge) is a local knowledge of any field of human inquiry that does not originate in academic or corporate research institutions but rather is based on local level accumulated knowledge that is inherited through tribalism and culture [4]. The recently born multidisciplinary science of ethno botany which has in a short time of a few decades has experienced a mushrooming growth over the world [5]. Ethnobotany, in totality, is virtually a new field of research, and if this field is investigated thoroughly and systematically, it is also important in terms of ecology and maintaining the climate of the region. This information could benefit humankind in many ways.

II. STUDY AREA

Rajasthan is one of the largest states located in the Northwestern part of of India and represents 10.41% of the country’s total geographical area. It has a rich heritage of culture and diversified habitat. Rajasthan state is a broadly divided into three main parts viz., Western Rajasthan, Central Rajasthan and South-east Rajasthan. South-east

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 28 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

Rajasthan is also known as region and it comprises of Kota, Bundi, Baran and districts. Bundi is called Queen of Hadoti. Which is situated between 75₀ 19’ 30’’ to 76₀ 19’ 30’’E and 24₀ 59’11’’ to 25₀ 53’ 11’’N having total area of 5850.5 km2 (Fig. 2).Total population of Bundi district is 1,110906 and percentage of rural and urban population are 80.06% and19.94%. The climate of the south-east Rajasthan is tropical with the maximum temperature ranging between 38.0°C to 47.0°C in summer and minimum between 8.0°C to 12.0°C during winter. Average rain fall is 76.41cm. Ethno botanical studies in Rajasthan have been carried out by many workers [6-9]. The rural people and tribal grow different types of cash crop regularly. As far as Rajasthan state is concerned, a quality work on Ethnobotany has been carried out in the different regions, this type of studies have been undertaken in Bundi district [10]. The present study is towards the importance of ethno medicinal plants and their medicinal uses by the people of Bundi District Rajasthan. Communities of this district have a rich knowled0ge of plants based traditional medicines used in herbal and folk remedies.

Figure 1. Map of Bundi District

III. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

The field trips for collection and documentation of Ethanomedicinal plants from different places of Bundi district were made during different seasons in the period of 2013. The collected plants were brought to the laboratory, identified and classified to their respective species level. The information about plants in fields was gathered from knowledgeable informers, farmers, tribals and local people. The information regarding traditional uses of plants was collected by means of personal interviews of tribal men and women, Vendors, Ojhas, Bhopas and Vaidhyas as they posses inherited knowledge regarding the plants of ethno medicinal importance mainly, the information were collected for general diseases like fever, headache, diseases of eyes, nose, and ear, child diseases, gynecological diseases and other diseases including veterinary diseases.

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 29 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

India possesses the second largest concentration of tribal people anywhere in the world. The prominent tribal areas constitute around 15 percent of the total geographical area of this vast country [11]. Besides this plant based veterinary medicine from traditional knowledge of India has been recorded in Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India [12]. Recently ethno medicinal studies have gained importance during recent years and enjoy a respectable position today, especially in the developing countries, where modern health service is limited. The field approach of study of ethno botany plays a vital role because of the direct contact that can be established with the authentic information on the uses of plants both wild and cultivated. However, this valuable source of knowledge is not adequately documented, which impedes their widespread use, evaluation and validation. In the enumeration, the collected ethno medicinal plants were arranged in alphabetical order according to botanical names, family, their uses and some photographs were given in Table-1 and Figure-2.

Here, in the present work total 13 plant species belonging to 13 genera and 13 families have been enumerated. These plants are being used by various ethnic group and rural people of Bundi district. Medical administration included inhalation, oral administration, poultice and paste/applying and rubbing/massage. These plants are commonly used in vomiting, diarrhea, ringworm, ear pain, gastric problem, stone, infertility, diabetes and blood pressure.

Table-1 Ethno medicinal uses of plants by the rural people of Bundi district of Rajasthan

Plant Botanical/ Local Name Family Name Part used Medicinal use Mode of administration

About 12-15 leaf juice use to cure Diarrhea.

Flower is crushed with vinegar to cure ringworm.

Diarrhea, Powder of flower’s takes Ringworm, with candy to treat Jaundice and jaundice three times in a Gonorrhea day.

The pest of leaf applied to Leaf, Flower cure of wound. and Gum 20 gm gum put in a glass of water and gave syringe to cure swelling of cystitis and envy of gonorrhea.

Acacia nilotica (L.) wild. ex (Deshi babool) Mimosaceae

Plant use as a teeth brush.

Root is crushed with water and gives a dose in the Achyranthus aspera L. Jaundice and morning and evening to Asthma treat for Jaundice. (Andhi jhara / Latjeera) Amaranthaceae Stem, Root The powder of Achyranthus root and black pepper should be

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 30 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

taken with water to cure the Asthma.

Root is crushed and takes to relief in Asthma in the morning and evening.

Decoction of its leaf and used it with pure honey Whooping take 2-3 times in a day to cough, treat whooping cough. Leaf and Toothache and Root Arthritis About 30gm leaf crushed with Sendha salt to treat in teeth pain (Toothache).

Barleria prianitis L. Grind its roots and hot or applied on knee to relief (Katsarria) Acanthaceae Arthritis.

Decoction of its leaf should be taken to sleep.

Chewing its root to control Urine infection, Scorpion’s poison. Antidote, Leaf and Cramp, Blond Its roots use in control the Root body and Heart poison of Snake. disease Their roots crushed with water are given to treat in urine infection.

About 30 gm roots decoction take in the morning and evening with water to treat cramp relief.

Take its roots with cow milk for blond body.

Boerhavia diffusa L. Vegetable of its leaf beneficial for heart (Sathi) Nyctanginaceae patient.

Cough, The powder of its seeds Cassia tora L. Diabetes, Loose with hot water takes to motion, relief for cough. (Pawand) Caesalpiniaceae Ringworm, Skin Seed, Root disease and Make a decoction of 25 and Leaf Blood gm root with one liter water and used it to relief

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 31 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

purification for diabetes.

The decoction of its leaf should be taken to treat in loose motion.

About 10 gm its seed crushed with radish juice and slapping for ringworm.

The vegetable of its leaf and should be eaten in skin disease.

To bath with the water of its decoction gives relief in ringworm.

To take regularly to blood purring should be given about 5 gm roots powder with 10 gm Ghee and sugar.

To relief in bleeding it should be taken about Leaf and Bleeding and 20gm juice of leafs with Root Eruptions blast 20gm candy.

Clitorea ternatea L. Root is crushed with vinegar to treat in Aprajitta Papilionaceae eruptions blast.

Climber is crushed and applied to cure skin disease.

Make a decoction of

climber and applied it on Skin disease, stomach to treat liver liver disease, increasing. Swelling of Scrotum and Steams of climber are Climber Gastric trouble treated to down for swelling of Scrotum. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Boil the climber and tied (Amarbel / Akashbel) on stomach to treat the gastric problem. Cuscutaceae

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 32 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

Dangling grass of well, crushed with 30ml water to treat kidney stone.

Cynodon dactyion (L.) Pers. (Dhoob Leaf and Kidney stone ghass) Poaceae stem

To control Snake’s poison take about 20 gm leaf crushed with 5-6 black pepper’s.

Warm the stem and take Leaf, Stem Antidote, the juice to treat Asthma. and Latex Asthma and Ringworm The latex of Dudhi use to Euphorbia thymifolia L. treat in ache and (Dudhi) ringworm.

Euphorbiaceae

About 50gm leaf of Lawsonia over night in Leprosy, water after crushed and Headache and filter in the morning and Ringworm take to leprosy cure.

10 – 12 flowers are crushed with vinegar and Leaf, Flower, water applied on forehead to treat for headache.

The powder of Lawsonia leaves pest to treat ring worm.

Lawsonia inermis L. (Mahendi) Lythraceae

The vegetable of its leaf should be taken regularly some weeks to cure in Diarrhea disease.

The germs of teeth will Diarrhea, Dental Psoralea carylifolia L. destroy by the powder of disease, its root with salt. Leaf, Root (Bakuchi) Fabaceae Pregnancy and and Seed Leprosy After menstrual cycle put its grind seed in vagina for destroying the power of

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 33 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

pregnancy.

Psoralea, Tamirandus, Cassia tora and fig leaves grinned with water to cure in leprosy disease.

Fruit powder take with cow milk to treat for gastric problem.

Gastric problem Fruit powder takes with Spaeranthus indicus L. and Anemia honey three times in a day (Gorkhmundi) Asteraceae to relief Anemia patient.

Fruit

The powder of bark should be taken three Bone fracture, times in a day to relief in Fever, Heart bone fracture. Bark disease and Urine disease Make a decoction of bark should be used in fever.

Make a decoction of bark and used to wash the wounds.

To relief the heart attack patient, decoction of bark should be taken in morning and evening.

The powder of its bark beneficial for heart patient.

Terminalia arjuna Roxb. Decoction of bark should (Arjun) Combretaceae be taken in urine disease.

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 34 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

Figure 2. Some important Ethno medicinal Plants

Psoralea carylifolia Clitorea ternatea L. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.

Spaeranthus indicus L. Barleria prianitis L. Lawsonia inermis L.

V. CONCLUSION In the present paper total 13 plant species belonging to 13 genera and 13 families have been enumerated. These plants are being used by various ethnic group and rural people of Bundi district. These plants are commonly used in vomiting, diarrhea, ringworm, gastric problem, stone, diabetes, liver diseases, Skin diseases, swelling of scrotum, Dental disease, Pregnancy, Leprosy, Arthritis, urine infection, Asthma, Jaundice etc.

The aim of present study is to evaluate the medicinal use of local plants to provide safety and efficacy information for people who cannot afford Western prescription alternatives, to encourage the preservation of culture, tradition, conservation and sustainable utilization of plant wealth occurring in this sanctuary. Furthermore, the information generated will also inform future validation studies, so as to increase the acceptability of plant-based remedies in human and animal health care systems both nation- ally and internationally. Such efforts are indeed necessary for successful commercial metabolites for medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes and may open alternative sources overcoming the present threat of biodiversity.

The survey indicates that the flora of Bundi region is rich in medicinal plants. The area is an important area of plant wealth for healthcare in Rajasthan. These medicinal plants have been used by local people, tribal communities,

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 35 ISSN: 2278-621X International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)

vendors, and native doctors such as Ojhas, Bhagats, Bhopas and experts of Ayurvedic fields since long time in herbal and folk remedies. The present information on the ethno medicinal plants will help in developing idea for the cultivation of traditional medicine and economic welfare of rural and tribal population. Hence these medicinal plants have great potential to be used in drug and pharmaceutical industries.

REFERENCES

[1] World Health Organization. Traditional medicine-growing needs and potential. WHO policy perspectives on medicine, No. 2. WHO/EBM/2002. WHO: Geneva; 2002. (WHO, 2003, Revised Traditional Medicine Facts. Sheet No. 134. [2] C. Bhattacharyya and G. Bhattacharyya, “Therapeutic potential of Giloe, Tinospora cordifolia: The Magical Herb of Ayurveda”, International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives 4(4) (2013) 558 – 584. [3] S. S. Katewa, ”Indigenous People and Forests: Perspectives of an Ethnobotanical study from Rajasthan (India)-Herbal Drugs: Ethnomedicine to Modern Medicine”,. Springer Berlin, 2009, pp. 33-56. [4] A. R. Niazi, “Enhancing the role of indigenous knowledge for sustainable development”, The News, weekly Business Review, 07-03-2011, 2011. [5] A. Pareek and P. C. Trivedi, ”Ethnobotanical Studies on Medicinal Plants of Kaladera Region of ” Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences 1(1) (2011) 59-63. [6] S.S. Katewa and B.D. Guri, “Ethnomedicinal observations on certain wild plants from southern Aravalli hills in Rajasthan,Vasundhara” 1997,pp. 85-88. [7] L. Sharma and S. Khandelwal, “Traditional uses of plants as cooling agents by the Tribal and Traditional communities of Dang region in Rajasthan,India”, Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14 (2010) 218-224. [8] B. B. S. Kapoor and S. Lakhera, “Ethnomedicinal plants of District, Rajasthan used in herbal and folk remedies”, Indian J.Pharm.Biol.Res 1(4) (2013) 71-75. [9] S. Joshi and M. Sharma,”.Ethno-medicinal plants used in Birth Control by Tribals of Kota region of Rajasthan”,Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio. 28(2) (2013) 237-243. [10] D. Shekhawat and A. Batra, “Household Remedies of Tehsil in Bundi District, Rajasthan”,International Journal Of Pharmaceutical Innovations 1(1) 2011. [11] V. F. Haimendorf, “Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. [12] L. K. Sharma, N. K. Dadhich, and A. Kumar,”Plant based veterinary medicine from traditional knowledge of India”, Bull. of Botanical Survey of India 47,pp.43-52. 2005.

Vol. 5 Issue 1 January 2015 36 ISSN: 2278-621X