Soils and Agricultural Suitability of the Gundiah Curra Area, Queensland
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QNRME04046 LandLLandLaanndd RResourcesRResourceseessoouurrcceess BulletinBBulletinBuulllleettiinn SoilsSoils andand AAgriculturalgricultural SuitabilitySuitability ofof thethe GundiahGundiah - CurraCurra Area,Area, QueenslandQueensland P R Zund 276 Land Resources Bulletin Soils and Agricultural Suitability of the Gundiah–Curra Area, Queensland P.R. Zund Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy Queensland 2004 QNRME04046 ISSN 1327-5763 This publication was prepared by Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy officers with funding provided by the Natural Heritage Trust. It may be distributed to other interested individuals and organisations. This report is intended to provide information only on the subject under review. There are limitations inherent in land resource studies, such as accuracy in relation to map scale and assumptions regarding socio-economic factors for land evaluation. Readers are advised against relying solely on the information contained therein. Before acting on the information conveyed in this report, readers should be satisfied they have received adequate information and advice subject to their enquiry. While all care has been taken in the preparation of this report, neither the Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy nor its officers or staff accepts any responsibility for any loss or damage that may result from any inaccuracy or omission in the information contained herein. State of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy 2004 Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy Locked Bag 40 Coorparoo DC Qld 4151 ii Contents List of tables iv List of figures v Accompanying maps vi Summary vii Introduction 1 Description of study area 3 Location 3 Climate 3 Water resources 4 Geology 4 Physiographic features 8 Vegetation 11 Land use 14 Soils 15 Previous investigation 15 Survey methodology 16 Description of the soil profile classes 24 Land Evaluation 97 Limitations to irrigated land uses 97 Land suitability 107 Agricultural land classification 109 References 110 Acknowledgements 115 Appendices I. Soil profile classes 116 II. A key to the soils of the Gundiah–Curra study area 126 III. Morphological and analytical data 134 IV. Land suitability classes 145 V. Land suitability classification scheme for irrigated crops 146 iii List of tables Table 1. Summary of temperature and rainfall data for Maryborough weather station 3 Table 2. Examples of forms of salinity, approximate areas affected and locations in the study area 9 Table 3. Land zones, related geological units and corresponding geomorphic units for the study area 11 Table 4. Regional ecosystems of the Gundiah−Curra area 12 Table 5. Land use within the study area 15 Table 6. Soil landscapes and corresponding Land Resource Areas 17 Table 7. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Pelion soil 27 Table 8. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Pelion soil 28 Table 9. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Robur soil 30 Table 10. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Robur soil 31 Table 11. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Timbrell soil 32 Table 12. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Timbrell soil 33 Table 13. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Woober soil 35 Table 14. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Woober soil 36 Table 15. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Kolan soil 38 Table 16. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Kolan soil 39 Table 17. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Butcher soil 41 Table 18. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Butcher soil 42 Table 19. Surface soil nutrients for the Gigoon soil 43 Table 20. Soil profile analytical data for the Gigoon soil 44 Table 21. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Givelda soil 45 Table 22. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Givelda soil 46 Table 23. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Owanyilla soil 47 Table 24. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Owanyilla soil 48 Table 25. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Tirroan soil 49 Table 26. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Tirroan soil 50 Table 27. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Alloway soil 52 Table 28. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Alloway soil 53 Table 29. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Isis soil 55 Table 30. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Isis soil 56 Table 31. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Bidwell soil 58 Table 32. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Bidwell soil 59 Table 33. Surface soil nutrients for the Aldershot soil 61 Table 34. Soil profile analytical data for the Aldershot soil 61 Table 35. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Bucca soil 63 Table 36. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Bucca soil 64 Table 37. Surface soil nutrients for the Copenhagen soil 65 Table 38. Soil profile analytical data for the Copenhagen soil 66 Table 39. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Granville soil 67 Table 40. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Granville soil 68 Table 41. Surface soil nutrients for the Jumpo soil 70 Table 42. Soil profile analytical data for the Jumpo soil 72 Table 43. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Mary soil 73 Table 44. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Mary soil 74 Table 45. Surface soil nutrients for the Miva soil 75 Table 46. Soil profile analytical data for the Miva soil 76 Table 47. Surface soil nutrients for the Mungar soil 77 Table 48. Soil profile analytical data for the Mungar soil 78 Table 49. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Tiaro soil 80 iv Table 50. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Tiaro soil 81 Table 51. Surface soil nutrients for the Walker soil 82 Table 52. Soil profile analytical data for the Walker soil 83 Table 53. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Watalgan soil 84 Table 54. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Watalgan soil 85 Table 55. Mean surface soil nutrients for the Farnsfield soil 87 Table 56. Mean soil profile analytical data for the Farnsfield soil 87 Table 57. Surface soil nutrients for the Baddow soil 90 Table 58. Soil profile analytical data for the Baddow soil 90 Table 59. Surface soil nutrients for the Rothchild soil 94 Table 60. Soil profile analytical data for the Rothchild soil 94 Table 61. Land use requirements and limitations for irrigated farming systems in the Gundiah– Curra area 97 Table 62. Irrigated land suitability classes and areas (ha) for different land uses 108 Table 63. Areas of each Agricultural Land Class 109 List of figures Figure 1. Monthly rainfall and evaporation for Theebine 3 Figure 2. Map of geomorphic landscapes 6 Figure 3. Five year moving average rainfall for Theebine over 113 years 10 Figure 4. Geology, lithology and associated soils of alluvial landscapes 19 Figure 5. Geology, lithology and associated soils of sedimentary landscapes 21 Figure 6. Geology, lithology and associated soils of acid to intermediate igneous landscapes 22 Figure 7. Geology, lithology and associated soils of metamorphosed sedimentary landscapes 23 Figure 8. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Pelion soil 27 Figure 9. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Robur soil 30 Figure 10. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Timbrell soil 33 Figure 11. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Woober soil 35 Figure 12. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Kolan soil 38 Figure 13. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Butcher soil 41 Figure 14. Profile salinity and sodicity for the Gigoon soil 43 Figure 15. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Givelda soil 45 Figure 16. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Owanyilla soil 47 Figure 17. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Tirroan soil 50 Figure 18. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Alloway soil 52 Figure 19. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Isis soil 55 Figure 20. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Bidwell soil 58 Figure 21. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Aldershot soil 61 Figure 22. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Bucca soil 63 Figure 23. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Copenhagen soil 65 Figure 24. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Granville soil 67 Figure 25. Mean profile salinity for the Gutchy soil 69 Figure 26. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Jumpo soil 71 Figure 27. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Mary soil 73 Figure 28. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Miva soil 75 Figure 29. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Mungar soil 77 Figure 30. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Tiaro soil 80 Figure 31. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Walker soil 82 Figure 32. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Watalgan soil 84 Figure 33. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Farnsfield soil 87 Figure 34. Mean profile salinity and sodicity for the Baddow soil 90 v Accompanying maps • in back pocket of report (i) Soils. Gundiah–Curra Area (Scale 1:50 000) NRM&E Ref No: GCL-I-A0 3334 (ii) Agricultural Land Classes (Scale 1:50 000) NRM&E Ref No: GCL-I-A1 3371 • available on request or on CD with report (iii) Suitability for furrow irrigated: Cucurbit (A1 3335); Navy Bean (A1 3337); Peanut (A1 3338); Potato (A1 3339); Sorghum (A1 3340); Soya Bean (A1 3341); Sugar Cane (A1 3342); Sweet Corn (A1 3343); Maize (A1 3336) (iv) Suitability for trickle irrigated: Avocado (A1 3360); Capsicum (A1 3361); Citrus (A1 3362); Cruciferae (A1 3363); Grapes (A1 3364); Macadamia (A1 3366); Lychee (A1 3365); Mango (A1 3367); Stone Fruit (A1 3368); Tomato (A1 3369); Zucchini (A1 3370) (v) Suitability for spray irrigated: Asparagus (A1 3345); Beans (A1 3346); Cucurbit (A1 3347); Improved Pastures (A1 3350); Lucerne (A1 3348) Maize (A1 3349); Navy Bean (A1 3351); Peanut (A1 3352); Pineapple (A1 3353); Potato (A1 3354); Sorghum (A1 3355); Soya Bean (A1 3356); Sweet Corn (A1 3358); Sweet Potato (A1 3359); Sugar Cane (A1 3357) (vi) Suitability for rain-fed Pinus Radiata (A1 3344) vi Summary The Mary River is a major coastal river in south-east Queensland, arising in the Conondale Mountains and running in a northerly direction, entering the sea at Maryborough.