66 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY Chicago Wilderness alliance

The Chicago Wilderness Atlas of Biodiversity is a publication of the Chicago Wilderness alliance. Member organizations, as of September 2011, include:

Alliance for the Great Lakes Chicago Zoological Society/ Environmentally Conscious Oswego Brookfield Zoo (ECO) Commission Association for the Wolf Lake Initiative Chicagoland Bird Observatory Evanston Environmental Association Audubon - Chicago Region Chicagoland Councils of the Boy Experiencia Learning Center BackYard Nature Center Scouts of America Faith in Place Barrington Area Conservation Trust Chicago's Green City Market FamilyFarmed.org Barrington Area Council of Chiwaukee Prairie Preservation Fund, Inc. Governments Fermilab Natural Areas Citizens for Conservation Batavia Plain Dirt Gardeners Fernwood Botanical Garden and City of Chicago, Department of Nature Preserve Benedictine University Environment The Field Museum Biodiversity Project City of Elgin Parks & Recreation The Field Station Cooperative Bird Conservation Network Department First Baptist Church of Waukegan Blacks in Green (BiG) City of Park Ridge Fishin’ Buddies Bolingbrook Park District City of Rolling Meadows Clarendon Hills Park District Flagg-Rochelle Community Park Boone Creek Watershed Alliance District Coffee Creek Watershed Conservancy Bronzeville/Black Chicagoan Historical Forest Preserve District of Cook Society College of DuPage County Buffalo Grove Park District Congregational Unitarian Church Forest Preserve District of DuPage County Butterfield Creek Steering Committee The Conservation Foundation Calumet Ecological Park Association Forest Preserve District of Kane The Conservation Fund County Calumet Environmental Resource Conservation Research Institute Center Forest Preserve District of Will County Cooperative Wildlife Research Frankfort Square Park District Campton Historic Agricultural Lands, Laboratory at Southern Illinois Inc. University Carbondale Frederick Law Olmsted Society Campton Township Crystal Lake Park District Friends of Ryerson Woods Canal Corridor Association Deerfield High School Friends of Spring Creek Forest Preserve Caretakers of the Environment Deerpath Farm Homeowners’ International/USA Association Friends of the Chicago River Cary Park District Delta Institute Friends of the Forest Preserves Center for Humans and Nature DePaul University, Environmental Friends of the Fox River Science Program Center for Neighborhood Technology Friends of the Kankakee Downers Grove Park District Chicago Academy of Sciences and its’ Friends of the Morton Grove Forest Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum Ducks Unlimited-Great Lakes/Regional Preserves Office Chicago Audubon Society Friends of the Oak Park Conservatory Dundee-Crown High School Chicago Botanic Garden Friends of the Parks Dunes Learning Center Chicago Cultural Alliance Friendship Village of Schaumburg DuPage Birding Club Chicago Herpetological Society Garden Clubs of Illinois, Inc. Eden Place Nature Center Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Garfield Park Conservatory Alliance Planning Elmhurst Park District Geneva Lake Conservancy Chicago Ornithological Society Emily Oaks Nature Center Geneva Park District Chicago Park District Environmental Defenders of McHenry Global Alliance of Artists Chicago Wilderness Corporate Council County Go Green Wilmette Chicago Wilderness Trust Environmental Law and Policy Center of the Midwest GreenTOWN Waukegan, Inc. Appendices 67

The Grove National Historic Landmark Lake County Health Department- Northbrook Park District Environmental Health Services Homewood Izaak Walton League Northeastern Illinois University Lake County Parks & Recreation I&M Canal National Heritage Corridor, Department Northminster Presbyterian Church Civic Center Authority Lake County Soil & Water Conservation Northwest Indiana Forum Foundation, Illinois Audubon Society District Inc. Illinois Audubon Society, Fort Lake County Solid Waste Management Northwestern Indiana Regional Dearborn Chapter District Planning Commission Illinois Butterfly Monitoring Network Lake County Stormwater Management Northwestern University Environmental Policy & Culture Program Illinois Coalition for Responsible Commission Outdoor Lighting Lake Forest College Oak Brook Park District and Sam Dean Nature Center Illinois Department of Natural Lake Forest Open Lands Association Resources Oakbrook Terrace Park District Lake Katherine Nature Center and Illinois Endangered Species Protection Botanic Gardens Openlands Board Land Conservancy of Lake County Palos Park Tree Foundation Illinois Environmental Council & IEC Education Fund Land Conservancy of McHenry County Palos-Orland Conservation Committee Illinois Natural History Survey Land Trust Alliance Park District of Franklin Park Illinois Nature Preserves Commission LaPorte County Conservation Trust, Park District of Highland Park Inc. Illinois Ornithological Society Pierce Downer’s Heritage Alliance Liberty Prairie Conservancy Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Portage Park and Recreation Dept (IN) Program Lincoln Park Conservancy Porter County Plan Commission (IN) Indian Creek Watershed Project Lincoln Park Zoo The Prairie Club Indiana Department of Natural Lincoln-Way Community High School Prairie Crossing Homeowner's Resources Long Grove Park District Association Indiana University Northwest Loyola University Chicago, Center Prairie Crossing Charter School Inverness Park District for Urban Environmental Research & Prairie Woods Audubon Society Policy Irons Oaks Environmental Learning Prairies Forever Center Lurie Garden: Millennium Park Pringle Nature Center Izaak Walton League of America – Max McGraw Wildlife Foundation Illinois Division Protestants for the Common Good McHenry County Conservation Izaak Walton League of America – Foundation Purdue University Calumet Indiana Division McHenry County Conservation District Red Oak Nature Center John G. Shedd Aquarium Metropolitan Water Reclamation Richardson Wildlife Sanctuary Jurica-Suchy Nature Museum District of Greater Chicago Ridgeville Park District Kane-DuPage Soil & Water The Morton Arboretum Riding Club of Barrington Hills Conservation District Naperville Park District River Forest Park District Kendall County Forest Preserve District National Association for Interpretation Riverwoods Preservation Council Kendall County Soil & Water – Region 5 Conservation District Roots & Shoots Great Lakes National Parks Conservation Kenosha/Racine Land Trust Association – Midwest Region Office Safer Pest Control Project Kent Fuller Air Station Prairie Natural Land Institute Salt Creek Greenway Association Kettle Moraine Land Trust, Ltd. The Nature Conservancy - Illinois Save the Dunes Kishwaukétoe Nature Conservancy North Branch Restoration Project Save the Prairie Society Lake Bluff Open Lands Association North Cook County Soil & Water Scenic Illinois Conservation District Lake County Forest Preserves Schaumburg Park District 68 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY

Chicago Wilderness alliance (cont.)

School of Environmental Education, US Department of Energy, Argonne Village of Lincolnshire Riverside Brookfield High School National Laboratory Village of North Barrington Seeding the Snow US Department of Energy, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Village of Oak Park Shirley Heinze Land Trust US Environmental Protection Agency, Village of Orland Park Sierra Club, Illinois Chapter Great Lakes National Program Office Village of Riverside Southeast Environmental Task Force US Environmental Protection Agency, Village of Schaumburg Springbrook Nature Center Region 5 Warrenville Environmental Advisory St. Charles Park District US Fish and Wildlife Service Commission Taltree Arboretum and Gardens USDA Forest Service Washington Park Conservancy Team Green Environmental Network USDA Natural Resources Conservation Waukegan Citizen's Advisory Group Service Thorn Creek Audubon Society Wayne Park Commission USDI National Park Service/Indiana Town Square Condominium Dunes National Lakeshore West Chicago Park District Association Valley Lakes Community Association The Wetlands Initiative Trout Valley Homeowner’s Association Valparaiso Chain of Lakes Watershed Wheaton Park District The Trust for Public Lands Group Wild Flower Preservation Society, University of Chicago – Civic Village of Algonquin Illinois Chapter Knowledge Project Village of Brookfield Wild Ones Natural Landscapers, Ltd. University of Illinois at Chicago Village of Deer Park The Wildflower Preservation and University of Illinois at Urbana- Propagation Committee of McHenry Champaign Village of Frankfort County (The WPPC) University of Illinois Extension, Village of Glenview Wildlife Discovery Center at the Northeast Region Village of Hoffman Estates Historic Elawa Farm Upper Des Plaines River Ecosystem Environmental Commission Wildwood Nature Center Partnership Village of Homer Glen Woodland Savanna Land Conservancy US Army Corps of Engineers Village of Lake Barrington

chicago wilderness corporate council members

Applied Ecological Services ComEd Midwest Generation EME, LLC ArcelorMittal Countryside Industries, Inc. Nicor Gas Atrium Environmental Consulting & Pizzo & Associates, Ltd. Technology (ECT) Ball Horticultural Company Public Communications, Inc. (PCI) Futurity, Inc. BP America, Inc. Roux Associates Geosyntec Consultants Burns & McDonnell Engineering Serosun Farms Company, Inc. Gewalt Hamilton Associates, Inc. SET Environmental, Inc. Cantigny GRAEF Stantec Consulting Services, Inc. Cardno ENTRIX, Inc. Integrated Lakes Management Tallgrass Restoration, LLC Cardno JFNew Kubasiak, Fylstra, Thorpe & Rotunno, P.C. V3 Companies The Care of Trees McGinty Brothers, Inc. WRD Environmental Christopher B. Burke Engineering, Ltd. Appendices 69

Suggestions for Further Reading

Burnham, Daniel Hudson, Plan of Chicago, Nabu Louv, Richard, Last Child in the Woods, Saving our Press, Charleston, SC, 2010 Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder, Algonquin Carpenter, Lynn and Joel Greenberg, Birder's Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Guide to the Chicago Region, Northern Illinois Updated and Expanded edition, 2008. U. Press, 1999. Mann, Charles C., 1491: New Revelations of the Cronon,William, Nature’s Metropolis,W.W. Norton Americas Before Columbus, Alfred A. Knopf, & Co., New York, 1991. New York, 2005. Delcourt, Hazel R., Forests in Peril, Tracking Metzger, Janice. What Would Jane Say? City- Deciduous Trees from Ice-Age Refuge into the Building Women and a Tale of Two Chicagos, Lake Greenhouse World, The McDonald & Woodward Claremont Press, 2009 Publishing Company, Blacksburg, Virginia Packard, Stephen and Cornelia F. Mutel, eds., 2002. The Tallgrass Restoration Handbook, Island Press, Friederici, Peter, Nature’s Restoration, People and Washington, D.C., 1997. Places on the Front Lines of Conservation, Island Stevens,William K., Miracle Under the Oaks, Pocket Press/Shearwater Books, Washington, Covelo, Books, New York, NY, 1995. CA, London, 2006. Sullivan, Jerry. 2004. Hunting for Frogs on Elston Gobster, Paul H. and Hull, R. Bruce, eds., and Other Tales from Field and Street, The Restoring Nature, Perspectives from the Social University of Chicago Press. Sciences and Humanities, Island Press, Swink, Floyd and Gerould Wilhelm, Plants of the Washington, Covelo, CA, 2000. Chicago Region, 4th ed., Indiana Academy of The Great Lakes, An Environmental Atlas and Science, Indianapolis, IN, 1994. Resource Book, 3rd Ed., USEPA Great Lakes Watts, May T, Reading the Landscape, Macmillan National Program Office and Government of Publishing Co., New York, NY, 1975. Canada, Chicago, 1995. Wiggers, Raymond, Geology Under Foot in Illinois, Greenberg, Joel, A Natural History of the Chicago Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Region, University of Chicago Press, Chicago MT, 1997 and London, 2002 Willman, H.B., Summary of the Geology of the Greenberg, Joel, ed. Of Prairie, Woods & Water, Two Chicago Region, Circular 460, Illinois State Centuries of Chicago Nature Writing, University Geological Survey, 1971 of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 2008. Helzer, Chris. The Ecology and Management of Prairie in the Central United States, University Of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 2009. Hill, Libby, Chicago River: A Natural and Unnatural History, Lake Claremont Press, 2000. Ladd, Doug, Tallgrass Prairie Wildflowers, photos by Frank Oberle, Falcon Press Publishing, Helena, MT, 1995. Leopold, Aldo, Sand County Almanac, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1949. 70 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY

Acknowledgements

The 1997 edition of the Atlas was written by Stein of The Nature Conservancy; Richard Members of the Atlas working group included: Jerry Sullivan and designed by Corasue Nicholas Mariner of the Northeastern Illinois Planning Jill Listhius, Michelle Mohney, Chris Mulvaney, with information, advice, and manuscript review Commission; Lauren Rhein of the Northwestern Betsy Quail, Becky Schillo and Joe Swano. The provided by the following: Indiana Regional Planning Commission; Glenda following provided content or feedback for spe- James Steffen and Susanne Masi of the Chicago Daniel of the Openlands Project; Donald M. cific sections: Botanic Garden; Gerould Wilhelm of the Reed of the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Jim Anderson of the Lake County Forest Conservation Design Forum; Greg Mueller, Planning Commission; Kenneth Mierzwa of Preserves; Tom Anton of the Ecological Jack Murphy, and Daniel Summers of The Field TAMS Consultants; Dr. Dennis Nyberg, UIC; Consulting Group, LLC.; Mike Redmer of the Museum; Ralph Thornton, Steven Thomas, Jean Sellar of the US Army Corps of Engineers, US Fish & Wildlife Service; Judy Beck of the US and John Elliott of the Forest Preserve District Chicago District; Kent Fuller of US EPA Great Environmental Protection Agency; Jean Brokish of of Cook County; Wayne Lampa and JoEllen Lakes National Program Office; John Rogner and the Chikaming Open Lands; Marcy Colclough of Siddens of the Forest Preserve District of DuPage Amelia Orton-Palmer of the US Fish & Wildlife the Southwest Michigan Planning Commission; County; Marcella DeMauro of the Forest Preserve Service; Mark Bramstedt of the USDA Natural Greg Denny of Environmental Monitoring and District of Will County; Chris Parsons of the Resources Conservation Service; John and Jane Technologies, Inc.; Abigail Derby Lewis of The Friends of the Chicago River; Brian Anderson, Balaban of the Volunteer Stewardship Network; Field Museum; Ed Glatfelter of the Alliance for Vernon Kleen, Steven Pescetelli of the Illinois Kenneth Brock; Joseph Milosevich; Ron Panzer. the Great Lakes; Jim Herkert of The Nature Department of Natural Resources; James Herkert Funding for the 1997 edition was provided by: Conservancy; Timothy T. Loftus of the Chicago of the Illinois Endangered Species Board; Ardith USDA Forest Service; US Fish & Wildlife Service; Metropolitan Agency for Planning; Scott Meister Hansel and Michael Chrzastowski of the Illinois The Nature Conservancy of Illinois; Illinois of the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County; State Geological Survey; Scott Robinson and Department of Natural Resources, Conservation Jeff Mengler of Cardno ENTRIX; Oliver Pergams Christopher Phillips of the Illinois Natural 2000 Fund; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, of the University of Illinois-Chicago; Judy Pollock History Survey; Steven Byers of the Illinois Great Lakes National Program Office. of the Audubon – Chicago Region; Bob Moseley Nature Preserves Commission; John Bacone Updates for the 2011 edition were developed of The Nature Conservancy; Mike Redmer of the of the Indiana Nature Preserves Commission; by a Chicago Wilderness working group led by US Fish & Wildlife Service; Laurel Ross of The Jon Duerr of the Kane County Forest Preserve Kent Fuller. Arthur Melville Pearson provided Field Museum; James F. Steffen of the Chicago District; Andy Kimmel, James Anderson, and new and revised text. Cindy Copp of Center for Botanic Garden; Peggy Stewart of the Chicago Ken Klick of the Lake County Forest Preserves; Neighborhood Technology provided new and Park District; Doug Stotz of The Field Museum; Steven Christie of Lake Forest Open Lands; Wayne revised maps and other graphics. Graphic design Doug Taron of the Chicago Academy of Sciences/ Schennum, Ed Collins, and Susan Ladendorf of and layout was provided by Krista Mozdzierz- Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum; Tori Trauscht the McHenry County Conservation District; Skach and Mary Nodulman of the Chicago of Integrated Lakes Management; Tom Velat of Marlin Bowles, Christopher Dunn, and Jenny Zoological Society/Brookfield Zoo. the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County; McBride of The Morton Arboretum; Katie Jeff Weiss; Patty Werner of the Lake County Green, Stephen Packard, Laurel Ross, and Sandi Stormwater Management Commission.

Credits

Map and Graphic Credits Agency for Planning (formerly the Northeastern Jenny McBride of The Morton Arboretum. Page 13, Historic Range of the Prairie; Illinois Planning Commission). All other maps Pages 10-11, Pre-Settlement Vegetation: IL Page 24, Bur Oak; and Page 26, Wooded were created by Cindy Copp of the Center for DNR, Illinois Natural History Survey; Indiana Communities in Three Chicago Region Neighborhood Technology. Department of Natural Resources (IN DNR); Townships: Richard Vaupel and Leonard Walther Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Natural of the Cartography Lab at Northern Illinois Map Sources Heritage, Biodiversity Tracking & Conservation University, DeKalb, IL. Page 18, Grassland Page 2, Rare and Endangered Natural System; Marlin Bowles and Jenny McBride of Bird Area Sensitivity: James R. Herkert, Communities: Illinois Department of Natural The Morton Arboretum; WI DNR. Page 14, Robert E Szafoni, Vernon M. Kleen, and John Resources, Illinois Natural Heritage Database; Prairies in the CW Region: Forest Preserve E. Schwegman, Division of Natural Heritage, Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IL District of DuPage County; IL DNR, Illinois Illinois Department of Conservation, Northern DNR); Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Natural Heritage Database; IN DNR; Lake Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online (www. Natural Heritage, Biodiversity Tracking & County Forest Preserves; McHenry County npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/birds/manbook/index. Conservation System; Wisconsin Department Conservation District; Michigan Natural Features htm) (Version 16JUL97), 1993; re-formatted by of Natural Resources (WI DNR), Natural Inventory, Natural Heritage, Biodiversity Tracking Mary Nodulman, Chicago Zoological Society/ Heritage Inventory. Page 2, Endangered & Conservation System; WI DNR. Page 26, Brookfield Zoo. Page 52, Water Cycle: H. Allen and Threatened Species in Illinois: Wooded Communities in Three Chicago Wehrmann of the Illinois State Water Survey. IDNR. Page 5, Surface Deposits: Bryant Region Townships: Marlin Bowles and Jenny Page 53, Population Changes in the CW Scharenbroch of The Morton Arboretum; U.S. McBride of The Morton Arboretum. Page 33, Region 1950–2000: Center for Neighborhood Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Wetland Concentrations: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Technology; Metropolis 2020; Openlands. Page Conservation Service. Page 8, Lake Michigan Service (USFWS), National Wetlands Inventory; 63, Green Infrastructure Vision map: Chicago History: Illinois Geological Survey. Page 9, WI DNR. Page 38, Current Range of the Wilderness and the Chicago Metropolitan Physiographic Divisions: Marlin Bowles and Hine’s Emerald Dragonfly: Jeff Mengler of Appendices 71

credits (cont.)

Cardno ENTRIX; USFWS. Page 41, Range by Judy Pollock. Page 63, Green Infrastructure of Blanding’s Turtle in Illinois: IDNR, Vision map: source listing available at www.chi- Illinois Natural Heritage Database. Page 42, cagowilderness.org/pdf/TriState_Resource_Rich_ Distribution of Lakes: Frank Veraldi of the Protection_Areas_Map.pdf. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Page 45, River Systems: Kent Fuller; Shannon Photo and art credits Donley of Baetis Environmental Services, Inc.; Jeff Thomas Antonio: page 16, wild quinine; p. Mengler of Cardno ENTRIX; Holly Hudson of 17, prairie dock, rough blazing star, little blue- the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning; stem, New England aster. Dmitry Azovtsev ized stream. The Illinois Prairie Path: page 56, Peg Kohring of The Conservation Fund; Phillip (via Creative Commons license): page 40, river May Watts. International Crane Foundation: Willink of The Field Museum; Stephen Pescitelli otter. John and Jane Balaban: page 16, prairie page 39, sandhill crane. Dave and Lorene of IL DNR; Joe Marencik of the Illinois cinquefoil, LeConte’s violet, prairie alum root; Jagodzinski: page 15, new growth. Lake County Environmental Protection Agency; Todd Davis p. 16 and contents page, starry false solomon’s Forest Preserves: page 24, Rollins Savanna. Wayne of the Indiana Department of Environmental seal; p. 17, Kalm’s brome, sky blue aster. Lisa Lampa: page 34, smartweeds. Carol Lerner: Management, Office of Water Quality, Biological Brown: page 38, green darner. Steve Byers: page 15, drawing. Tim Lindenbaum: page 24, Studies Section;Sobat, Stacey L. March 23, 2010. page 36, both photos. Chicago Park District: Pembroke Savanna Nature Preserve, Kankakee [Personal Communication]. Located at: Indiana page 61, both photos; p. 64, fishing. Citizens for County. Maslowski Productions: page 29, fly- Department of Environmental Management Conservation: page 55, student field trip. Rob ing squirrel. Ray Mathis: page 60, Glacier Park, (IDEM), Assessment Information Management Curtis: contents page and p. 28, scarlet tanager; McHenry County. Kenneth S. Mierzwa: page System (AIMS) Database, Indianapolis, Indiana; p.18, upland sandpiper, dickcissel; p. 19, grasshop- 21, smooth green snake. Joe B. Milosevich: Brant Fisher of IN DNR, Atterbury Fish & per sparrow; p. 28, hairy woodpecker, northern page 39, egrets. The Morton Arboretum: page Wildlife Area; Joe Exl of the IN DNR, Lake oriole, ovenbird, red-headed woodpecker; p. 29, 22, Millennium Oak; p. 58, Floyd Swink. Jack Michigan Coastal Program; Greg Denny of the red-tailed hawk; p. 40, moorhen; p. 39, sora. Bob Murphy: page 27, coral fungus. The Nature Indian Creek Watershed Project; Tom Simon Daum: page 22 and p. 69, marsh marigolds; p. Conservancy: page 14, Dr. Betz; p. 54, fawn. of Indiana State University; Keith Gray of 58, before and after photos. Deere & Company: Corasue Nicholas: pages 6, 7, 23, 28, 32, 34, Integrated Lakes Management; Mike Adam of page 52, both images. Marcy DeMauro: page 35, 36, 43, 46, 47, graphics and artwork. Vincent the Lake County Health Department; Kathy 56, lakeside daisies. Manuel Diaz: page 49, Olivares, Chicago Academy of Sciences and Paap of the Lake County Health Department; Springbrook Prairie; p. 54, Messenger Woods. its Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum: page Charles Knapp of the John G. Shedd Aquarium; Richie Diesterheft: page 37, Volo Bog. Ken 57, silver-bordered fritillaries. Openlands: page Jim Robinett of the John G. Shedd Aquarium; Dritz: page 16, common blue-eyed grass, heart- 53, 1873 view of the Des Plaines. Steve Packard: Patty Werner of the Lake County Stormwater leaved meadow parsnip; p. 17, prairie gray sedge, pages 2-3; p. 27, trillium in forest; p. 36, ladyslip- Management Commission; Brian Gunderman copper-shouldered oval sedge. Amy Evenstad pers. Ron Panzer: cover butterfly; title page but- of the Michigan Department of Natural (www.magnificentfrigatebird.com/blog): page terfly; p. 20, all images. Arthur Melville Pearson: Resources and the Environment, Southern Lake 55, birdwatchers. Forest Preserve District of page 60, backyard garden. Ed Post: page 49: Michigan Management Unit; Roger Klocek of Cook County: page 17, bearded wheatgrass; Karner blue butterfly. James P. Rowan: Page Openlands; Nancy Schumm-Burgess of p. 54, committee. Allison Frederick, Lake 21, bison; p.25 and p. 67, maple leaves; p. 30, all Schumm Consulting LLC.; Thomas Slawski of County Forest Preserves: page 26, flatwoods images; p. 31, gray tree frog and chorus frog; p. 33 the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning of MacArthur Woods. Carol Freeman: pages and p. 71, Cowles’ Bog; p. 41, Blanding’s turtle; p. Commission (SEWRPC); Brook Herman of 14-15, controlled burn; p. 59, controlled burn. 44, river; p.46, Fowler’s toad. Ed Schneider: page USACE; Frank Veraldi of USACE; Elizabeth © Carol Freeman. Friends of the Chicago 19, brown thrasher. David Sollenberger: page McCloskey of the USFWS; John Lyons of WI River: page 51, Du Sable site. Kent Fuller: page 16, prairie phlox. Steve (via Creative Commons DNR. Page 50, Native American Villages 16, rattlesnake master; p. 18 marsh blazing star. license): page 40, beaver. Jerry Sullivan: page 7, in the Early 19th Century: Atlas of Great Emilian Geczi: page 64, exploring the prairie. esker. Brian Tang: page 54, coyote. Doug Taron: Lakes Indian History. Page 55, Protected Tom Gill (via Creative Commons license): page page 57, butterfly monitors. K. Taylor: page 17, Land: Berrien County Government; Chicago 40, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. Lana yellow coneflower. Ralph Thornton: page 25, Metropolitan Agency for Planning; Bruce Gits: page 25, drawing. L. Gits & L. Godson, woodlands. Tico (via Creative Commons license): Hamilton of the DeKalb County Government; The Prairie Arts: page 12, Turk’s cap lily. Bill page 37, sundew. Gary Tyson, Tiadaghton Forest Preserve District of DuPage County; Glass: front and back cover; pgs. 12-13, top; Audubon Society: page 19, eastern kingbird. Jerry Culp of the Forest Preserve District of p. 16, prairie violet, common cinquefoil, wild USDI National Park Service/Indiana Dunes Kane County; Forest Preserve District of Will strawberry, hoary puccoon, false toadflax, com- National Lakeshore: page 27, earth star; p. 40, County; IL DNR; IN DNR; Lake County mon spiderwort; p.17, wild onion, early golden- tree; p. 41, baby snappers; p. 51, women build- Forest Preserves; WI DNR; SEWRPC. Page 56, rod, Indian grass, heath aster; p. 35, Hitt’s Siding ing lodge. U.S. Environmental Protection Restoration Sites: Lee Botts; Kenosha/Racine Prairie Nature Preserve; p. 37, grass pink. Gilles Agency: page 47, zebra mussels. U.S. Fish & Land Trust; Milwaukee Area Land Conservancy; Gonthier (via Creative Commons license): page Wildlife Service: page 43, photos; p.45, stream; p. Northeastern Indiana Regional Planning 29, northern short-tailed shrew. Nancy Halliday: 57, pollination. University of Chicago, Joseph Commission; The Nature Conservancy. Page 57, page 13, drawing. Kim Harris, The Nature Regenstein Library: page 46, H. C. Cowles. Illinois Populations of the Prairie White- Conservancy: page 28, bluebird. John Hines: Mike VanValen (via Creative Commons license): fringed Orchid: IDNR, Illinois Natural Heritage page 62, Tryon Farm, Michigan City, IN. K. G. page 31, eastern milksnake. Rhonda Williams: Database; USFWS. Page 59, Spring Creek Hubert: page 34, buttonbush. © K G Hubert. All page 29, white-footed mouse. Grassland Birds: Audubon – Chicago Region rights reserved. Illinois Department of Natural report: Restoring Large Prairies in the Chicago Region, Resources: page 42, fish; p. 45, fish, channel- 72 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY index

algae, 34, 43, 48 foredunes, 46 Lake Renwick, 39 rivers, 32, 44-45 aquifers, 36, 48 forest preserves, creation of, 54 lakes, 42-43 and size categories, 44 Arboretum, U. of Wisconsin, 56 forests, 27 and distinction between lake Fox River, 33, 36, 43 and pond, 42 Sag Valley, 8, 9 Betz, Dr. Robert F., 14, 57 fungi, 27 and nutrient categories, savanna, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, birds fur trade, 50 42-43 29 and area sensitivity, 18-19 and stratification and turn- and types of, 24 and prairies, 18-19 geology, 4-9 over, 43 Schulenberg, Ray, 56-57 and wetlands, 38-39 glacial drift, 4 Leave No Child Inside, 64 sedge meadow, 32, 35 and wooded communities, glaciers, 4-7, 9, 26, 32, 36, 42, shrub swamp, 32, 34 28-29 49, 50 mammals soils, 5, 9, 12, 13-14, 15, 22 bogs, 37 Grand Calumet River, 44-45 and prairies 20 and chemistry of fens and grasslands, 12-13, 15 and wetlands, 40 bogs, 32, 36-37 Chain O’Lakes State Park, 54 see also prairies and wooded communities, and flatwoods, 26 Chicago Lake Plain, 9 Great Lakes basins, 4 29 and open woodlands, 25 Chicago River, 9, 44 green infrastructure, 62-63 marsh, 32, 34 and prairies, 12-15 Chicago Wilderness alliance, 3, Midewin National Tallgrass and savannas, 24 66-68 herps Prairie, 15, 18, 54, 59 and soil moisture of wooded Chiwaukee Prairie, 41 definition of, 21 moraines, 6-9 communities, 22-23 Clean Water Act, 33, 44, 48 and prairies, 21 Morton Arboretum, The, 22, and wetlands, 32, 35 climate change, 48, 49 and wetlands, 41 56, 58 streams, 44-45 coal deposits, 4 and wooded communities, mycorrhizal fungi, 27 and channelized, 44 communities, natural, 11 30-31 and headwater, 44 Cowles, Henry Chandler, 46 Native Americans, 15, 21, 40, and low-order, 44 Ice Age, 4, 49 50-51, 56 and mid-order, 44 Deer Grove Preserve, 54 Illinois Beach State Park, 9, 46, and Potawatomi, 50 Swink, Floyd, 58 Deere, John, 12, 52 54 and Illini, 50 Des Plaines River, 4, 8, 9, 33, Indiana Dunes National vernal pond, 30, 31 38, 45, 54 Lakeshore, 33, 46, 47, 51, peat, 9, 32, 35, 36, 37, 43 Volo Bog, 37 dolomite, 4 54, 58 Perkins, Dwight, 54 volunteers, 3, 56-58, 65 drain tile, 33 insects Pleistocene, see Ice Age and the Volunteer dunes, 9, 24, 46, 47 and prairies, 20 population growth, 48, 53 Stewardship Network, 58, DuSable, Jean Baptiste Point, and wetlands, 38 prairies, 12-21 65 51 and wooded communities, and evolution of, 12-13 31 and fire, 14-15 water cycle, 48 ecosystems, 11 and roots and soils, 13-14 Watts, May T., 56 esker, 7 Jensen, Jens, 54 and root systems, 15 wetlands, 31-41 and succession, 15 chemistry of, 32 fens, 32, 36 Kankakee River, 31, 34, 44-45, and types of, 14 and how wet they are, 32 Fermi National Accelerator 54 and legal definition, 33 Lab, 14, 21, 57, 58 restoration, 56-61 loss of, 32-33 fire-dependent, 12-15 Lake Calumet, 33 and prairies, 14-15, 19, 21, and where they are, 32-33 flatwoods, 26 Lake Chicago, 8, 9 56-57 floodplain, 32, 44 Lake Michigan, 46-47, 48, 61 and woodlands, 23, 25, wooded communities, 22-31 forbs, 13, 14 history of, 6-9 57-58 woodlands, open, 25 Appendices 73 Species Index

Plants

alum root, prairie, Heuchera richardsonii, 16 grass, big bluestem, obedient plant, Physostegia virginiana, 13 ash, black, Fraxinus nigra, 26 Andropogon gerardii, 13, 14, 15 onion, wild, Allium canadense, 13, 17 ashes, Fraxinus spp., 23, 25, 26, 27 grass, blue joint, Calamagrostis canadensis, 14 orchid, white-fringed, Habenaria leucophaea, 57 aster, heath, Aster ericoides, 17 grass, common blue-eyed, phlox, prairie, Phlox pilosa, 16 aster, New England, Aster novae-angliae, 13, 17 Sisyrinchium albidum, 16 pimpernel, yellow, Taenidia integerrima, 25 aster, sky-blue, Aster azureus, 17 grass, prairie cord, Spartina pectinata, 14 pitcher plants, Sarracenia spp., 37 basswood, Tilia americana, 22, 23 grass, Hungarian brome, Bromus inermis, 15 plum, wild, Prunus americana, 22, 24 beech, American, Fagus grandifolia, 27 grass, Indian, Sorghastrum nutans, 13, 17, 36 poison sumac, Rhus vernix, 37 birch, bog, Betula pumila, 37 grass, Kalm’s brome, Bromus kalmii, 17 prairie dock, Silphium terebinthinaceum, 13, 17 birch, paper, Betula papyrifera, 49 grass, little bluestem, Queen Anne’s lace, Daucus carota, 15 blazingstar, cylindric, Liatris cylindracea, 13 Andropogon scoparius, 13, 15, 17, 36 quinine, wild, Parthenium integrifolium, 13, 16 blazingstar, marsh, Liatris spicata, 17 grass, marram, Ammophila breviligulata, 46, 47 rattlesnake master, blazingstar, prairie, Liatris pycnostachya, 13 grass, reed canary, Phalaris arundinacea, 59 Eryngium yuccifolium, 13, 16, 20 blazingstar, rough, Liatris aspera, 13, 17 orchid, grass pink, Calopogon tuberosus, 37 sedge, copper-shouldered oval, boneset, false, Kuhnia eupatorioides, 13 grass, side-oats grama, Carex bicknellii, 17 boneset, tall, Eupatorium altissimum, 13 Bouteloua curtipendula, 13, 14 sedge, prairie gray, Carex conoidea, 17 box elder, Acer negundo, 23 grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia glauca, 36 sedge, tussock, Carex stricta, 35 buckthorn, common, hazel, American, Corylus americana, 22, 24, 25 skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus, 33 Rhamnus cathartica, 25, 58, 59 hickory, shagbark, Carya ovata, 22 spiderwort, common, Tradescantia ohiensis, 16 buckthorn, glossy, Rhamnus frangula, 37 hickory, bitternut, Carya cordiformis, 22 spurge, flowering, Euphorbia corollata, 13 bulrush, reddish, Scirpus pendulus, 13 hoary puccoon, Lithospermum canescens, 16 starry false Solomon’s seal, Smilacina stellata, 16 bush-clover, round-headed, hoary vervain, Verbena stricta, 13 strawberry, wild, Fragaria virginiana, 16 Lespedeza capitata, 13 hyacinth, wild, Camassia scilloides, 25 sundew, Drosera spp., 37 butternut, Juglans cinerea, 49 indigo, white wild, Baptisia alba, 13 sunflower, saw-toothed, buttonbush, Cephalanthus occidentalis, 34 iris, blue-flag, Iris virginica, 13 Helianthus grosseserratus, 13 cattail, narrow-leaved, Typha angustifolia, 34 Joe Pye weed, Eupatorium maculatum, 35 switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, 13, 15 cattail, broad-leaved, Typha latifolia, 34 lady slipper, stemless, Cypripedium acaule, 37 tamarack, Larix laricina, 37 cherry, black, Prunus serotina, 25 lady slipper, white, Cypripedium candidum, 36 toad flax, false, Comandra umbellata, 16 cinquefoil, prairie, Potentilla arguta, 16 lakeside daisy, Actinea herbacea, 56 violet, LeConte’s, Viola papilionacea, 16 cinquefoil, common, Potentilla simplex, 16 leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata, 37 violet, prairie, Viola pedatifida, 16 clover, purple prairie, Dalea purpurea, 13, 15 lettuce, smooth white, Prenanthes racemosa, 13 walnut, black, Juglans nigra, 15, 16 compass plant, Silphium laciniatum, 13 loosestrife, purple, Lythrum salicaria, 34 wheatgrass, bearded, Agropyron trachycaulum, 17 coneflower, yellow-headed, Ratibida pinnata, 13 lotus, American, Nelumbo lutea, 43 wild rye, Canada, Elymus canadensis, 13 cranberries, Vaccinium macrocarpon, 37 maple, black, Acer nigrum, 22, 25, 27 willow, Salix spp., 34 Culver’s root, Veronicastrum virginicum, 13 maple, red, Acer rubrum, 27 winterberry, Ilex verticillata, 37 dogwood, red-osier, Cornus stolonifera, 34 maple, silver, Acer saccharinum, 23, 26, 27 dropseed, prairie, Sporobolus heterolepis, 13 maple, sugar, duckweed, Lemma spp., 34, 38 Acer saccharum, 22, 23, 25, 49, 50, 58 elm, American, Ulmus americana, 23, 27 marigold, marsh, Caltha palustris, 22 fleabane, daisy, Erigeron strigosus, 13 meadow parsnip, heart-leaved, Zizia aptera, 16 fungus, earth-star, Geaster sp., 27 milkweed, whorled, Asclepias verticillata, 13 gentian, closed, Gentiana andrewsii, 13 moss, Sphagnum, 31, 37 gentian, stiff, Gentiana quinquefolia, 13 mountain mint, Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, 13 gentian, fringed, Gentiana crinita, 13 oak, black, Quercus velutina, 14, 23, 24, 46 goldenrod, Canada, Solidago canadensis, 13 oak, bur, goldenrod, early, Solidago juncea, 17 Quercus macrocarpa, 14, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 goldenrod, gray, Solidago nemoralis, 13 oak, red, Quercus rubra, 22, 23, 27, 46, 49 goldenrod, Ohio, Solidago ohioensis, 36 oak, scarlet, Quercus coccinea, 25 goldenrod, stiff, Solidago rigida, 13 oak, swamp white, Quercus bicolor, 23, 24, 26 goldenrod, tall, Solidago atlissima, 13 oak, white, Quercus alba, 14, 22, 23, 25, 26 74 AN ATLAS OF BIODIVERSITY

Species Index (cont.)

Animals

alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, 47 fritillary, regal, Speyeria idalia, 20 owl, short-eared, Asio flammeus, 19 bass, largemouth, Micropterus salmoides, 44 fritillary, silver-bordered, Boloria selene, 57 passenger pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius, 25, 54 bass, smallmouth, Micropterus dolomieui, 44 frog, bull, Rana catesbeiana, 41 peepers, spring, Pseudacris crucifer, 30 bat, big brown, Eptesicus fuscus, 29 frog, gray tree, Hyla chrysoscelis, 31 perch, yellow, Perca flavescens, 47 bat, eastern red, Lasiurus borealis, 29 frog, northern cricket, Acris crepitans, 30 ribbon snake, northern, bat, hoary, Lasiurus cinereus, 29 frog, western chorus, Pseudacris triseriata, 30, 31 Thamnophis septentrionalis, 21 beaver, Castor canadensis, 40, 51 garter snake, Chicago, ribbon snake, western, Thamnophis proximus, 21 beetle, Asian long-horned, Thamnophis sirtalis semifasciatus, 21 river redhorse, Moxostoma carinatum, 44 Anoplophora glabripennis, 31 garter snake, plains, Thamnophis radix, 21 salamander, blue-spotted, bison, Bison bison, 15, 20, 21, 51 goldfinch, American, Carduelis tristis, 49 Ambystoma laterale, 30, 31 blackbird, red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus, 39 grebe, pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps, 38 salamander, four-toed, blackbird, yellow-headed, green darner, Anax junius, 38 Hemidactylium scutatum, 31 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, 38, 39 green snake, smooth, Opheodrys vernalis, 21 salamander, smallmouth, bluebird, eastern, Sialia sialis, 28, 29 harrier, northern, Circus cyaneus, 17, 19 Ambystoma texanum, 31 bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 18, 59 hawk, Cooper’s, Accipiter cooperii, 29 salamander, southern two-lined, borer, emerald ash, Agrilus planipennis, 31 hawk, red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis, 29 Eurycea cirrigera, 31 catbird, gray, Dumetella carolinensis, 49 heron, black-crowned night, salamander, spotted, chats, yellow-breasted, Icteria virens, 19 Nycticorax nycticorax, 39 Ambystoma maculatum, 30, 31 chickadee, black-capped, Poecile atricapillus, 49 heron, great blue, Ardea herodias, 39 salamander, tiger, Ambystoma tigrinum, 30 cormorant, double-crested, Hines emerald, Somatochlora hinena, 38 salmon, coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch, 47 Phalacrocorax auritus, 39, 43 kingbird,eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus, 19 sandpiper, upland, Bartramia longicauda, 18 coyote, Canis latrans, 21, 29, 54 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, 47 sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, 47 cranes, sandhill, Grus canadensis, 38, 39 lion, mountain, Felis concolor, 20 shiners, Notropis spp., 43, 44 creek heelsplitter, Lasmigona compressa, 44 massasauga, Sistrurus catenatus, 41 shrew, northern short-tailed, cuckoos, yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus, 29 meadowlark, eastern, Sturnella magna, 18, 59 Blarina brevicauda, 29 darter, Iowa, Etheostoma exile, 44 meadowlark, western, Sturnella neglecta, 18 shrike, loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus, 29 darter, rainbow, Etheostoma caeruleum, 45 mink, Mustela vison, 40 skippers, 17 deer, white-tailed, moorhen, common, Gallinula chloropus, 38 snake, eastern milk, Lampropeltis triangulum, 31 Odocoileus virginianus, 20, 21, 53, 54, 59 moth, gypsy, Lymantria dispar, 31 snake, eastern racer, Coluber constrictor, 31 dickcissels, Spiza americana, 18, 59 mouse, deer, Peromyscus maniculatus, 21 snake, Kirtland’s, Clonophis kirtlandii, 41 egret, cattle, Bubulcus ibis, 39 mouse, white-footed, Peromyscus leucopus, 29 snake, red-bellied, Storeria occipitomaculata, 31 egret, great, Casmerodius albus, 39 muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus, 40 sora, Porzana carolina, 38, 39 elk, Cervus elaphus, 15, 20, 51 oriole, northern or Baltimore, sparrow, field, Spizella pusilla, 19 flycatchers, willow, Empidonax traillii, 19 Icterus galbula, 28, 49 sparrow, grasshopper, flying squirrel, southern, otter, river, Lutra canadensis, 40 Ammodramus savannarum, 19 Glaucomys volans, 29 ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus, 28, 29 sparrow, Henslow’s, Ammodramus henslowii, 19 fritillaries, 17, 20 owls, barred, Strix varia, 29 sunfish, longear, Lepomis megalotis, 42 fritillary, aphrodite, Speyeria aphrodite, 20 owls, great horned, Bubo virginianus, 29 tanager, scarlet, Piranga olivacea, 28 teal, blue-winged, Anas discors, 38 tern, black, Chlidonias niger, 39, 40 thrasher, brown, Toxostoma rufum, 19 toad, American, Bufo americanus, 30 toad, Fowler’s, Bufo woodhousii fowleri, 46 towhee, eastern, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 29 turkey, wild, Meleagris gallopavo, 25 turtle, Blanding’s, Emydoidea blandingii, 41 turtle, snapping, Chelydra serpentina, 41 vireos, Bell’s, Vireo bellii, 19 vole, meadow, Microtus pennsylvanicus, 21 vole, prairie, Microtus ochrogaster, 21 vole, woodland, Microtus pinetorum, 29 wolf, Canis lupus, 20 wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina, 29 woodpecker, downy, Picoides pubescens, 28 woodpecker, hairy, Picoides villosus, 28 woodpecker, red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus, 28 woodpecker, red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 28 wren, marsh, Cistothorus palustris, 38 zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, 47 PROTECTED LAND IN the CHICAGO WILDERNESS REGION

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