The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England's North West

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West

Naturetrek Tour Report 7 – 10 June 2018

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary on Bird’s-eye Primrose Swindale Hay Meadows

Oystercatcher Small White Orchid

Report and images compiled by David Morris

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK Naturetrek T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Tour Report The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West

Tour Participants David Morris (Leader) with five Naturetrek clients

Day 1 Thursday 7th June

After meeting at midday at our hotel on the edge of Grange-over-Sands, we headed a short way around the northern edge of Morecambe Bay to Roudsea Wood and Mosses National Nature Reserve. We started exploring the varied woodland noting Aspen Populus tremula and listening to a range of warblers in song including Chiffchaff, Willow Warbler, Garden Warbler and Blackcap. As we moved out onto the bog, Tree Pipits sang as they performed their parachute display and a good range of odonata was on the wing including Four-spotted Chaser and Large Red Damselfly. The restored peat bog habitat had a good range of ericaceous shrubs along with carnivorous Round- leaved Sundew Drosera rotundifolia, Bog Rosemary Andromeda polifolia and Bog Myrtle Myrica gale. Further on into the bog we observed a bulky Osprey nest in the top of a large pine with both the female and male visible and three small juveniles in the nest. As we moved from the bog we noted Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary and Large Heath butterflies before exploring the adjacent woodland, noting Large Yellow Sedge Carex flava at its only UK site. We wandered around the tarn past a large clump of Royal Fern Osmunda regalis before heading back to the vehicle.

With the hot weather, bird activity was rather quiet so we headed off to explore the limestone woodland and grassland habitats of Latterbarrow. This fairly compact site was in full bloom and packed with orchids and a range of other flowering plants. Good numbers of Greater Butterfly Orchid Plananthera chlorantha and Common Spotted Orchids Dactylorhiza fuschii were distributed across the site with smaller numbers of Fragrant Gymnadenia conopsea and Fly Orchid Ophrys insectifera. More Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries were on the wing along with Large Skipper and Small Heath. By late afternoon we headed back to our hotel in Grange to freshen up before walking down the prom to enjoy an evening meal in town overlooking the bay. As we had our dinner we noted Oystercatchers, Goosander, Curlew and Little Egrets feeding on the estuary.

Day 2 Friday 8th June

Waking to another warm day, we enjoyed breakfast at the hotel before setting off across the Kent Estuary en-route to the Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. We paused for a brief stop outside the village of Sandside where we explored a section of sensitively managed roadside verge finding a good display of Common Twayblade Neottia ovata and Common Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza fuschii albeit some starting to flop following seven weeks of hot dry weather in the NW of England. From here we drove around the bay and along lanes through the rolling scenic landscape, arriving at Leighton Moss RSPB reserve.

We started at the bird feeding station behind the visitor centre getting excellent views of Nuthatch and Bullfinch amongst the commoner species before moving up to the skytower to give us commanding views across the reedbed and wider landscape. From our vantage point overlooking Lillian’s Pool we noted several Marsh Harriers quartering the reeds along with Great Crested Grebe, Gadwall, Little Egret and Reed Warbler to name a few. Unfortunately we didn’t get a glimpse of Otter nor the female Bittern that has been busy in recent days provisioning her chicks in a nest out from the tower. From here we moved out along the causeway across the centre of the large reedbed, finding Reed Bunting and Sedge Warbler singing from the reeds. We entered the Causeway hide overlooking the eastern reserve pools where a brood of Pochard were feeding with Tufted Duck and Great Crested Grebe in the shallow water. A male Marsh Harrier put in a close fly-by and a pair of Great Black-backed Gulls were in the

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

process of nest prospecting on a nearby island. Notable plants in the reedbed included Marsh Dock Rumex palustris, Figwort Scrophularia nodosa and masses of Tufted Vetch Vicia cracca.

We walked back along the Causeway avoiding large numbers of crossing toadlets before enjoying a filling lunch at the visitor centre café. After lunch we made our way to the saltmarsh pools, visiting the Allan Pool hide where the raucous noise of the Black-headed Gull colony greeted us on arrival. Dozens of young fluffy Black-headed Gull chicks were spread about on the pool edges and islands and within the colony we found several pairs of Avocets with chicks and one nearby sitting female panting as she incubated her eggs in the hot sun. Also present were Shelduck and Oystercatcher pairs with their downy chicks. With us feeling nearly as hot as the incubating Avocet, we moved on making a short journey to the nearby Gait Barrows to seek some shade, butterflies and orchids.

From the sheltered carpark we explored the network of rides and glades finding Herb Paris Paris quadrifolia, Lancaster Whitebeam Sorbus lancastriensis, a rather wilted Stinking Hellebore Helleborus foetidus and lepidoptera including Small Pearl-bordered and Pearl-bordered Fritillaries plus the localised and attractive day flying moth White-spotted Sable Anania funebris. Unfortunately, due to the warm weather over the last few weeks, the clumps of Lady’s Slipper Orchid Cypripedium calceolus which we found were largely past their best. We headed back to the car by winding our way across the impressive limestone pavement on the reserve where a search of the clints and grykes found Limestone Fern Gymnocarpium robertianum, Angular Solomon’s-seal Polygonatum oderatum and Dark Red Helleborine Epipactis atrorubens in bud. Our final stop of the day was a visit to Little Haweswater tarn within the reserve where the marl banks held veteran Junipers Juniperus communis and a profusion of the dainty pink Bird’s-eye Primrose Primula farinosa. After a thoroughly enjoyable day we headed back to the hotel to freshen up before heading to the attractive village of Cartmel to enjoy an evening meal in one of the village’s historic inns.

Day 3 Saturday 9th June

After breakfast we headed off via Kendal to explore some of the lesser known and least visited parts of the Lake District National Park. Having climbed out of Kendal up to Shap summit on the A6, we pulled off the road to explore some of the moorland habitats of Shap Fell. The damp trackside verges had a fine display of deep purple Northern Marsh-orchids Dactylorhiza purpurella and Golden-ringed Dragonfly hawked around the small streams, with Dipper heard but not seen. The patches of woodland held Siskin, Lesser Redpoll and Common Buzzard and as we walked out into the fell Meadow Pipit and Skylark were abundant. The dry and wet heath contained a characteristic mix of dwarf shrubs with base rich flushes holding Common Butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris, Round- leaved Sundew Drosera rotundifolia and Bog Asphodel Narthecium ossifragum and within patches of short turf we found the diminutive Moonwort Botrychium lunaria. Small Heath butterflies were abundant and several Small Pearl- bordered Fritillaries put in an appearance. At Shap Wells we had excellent close views of Red Squirrels that were used to coming down to feeders, along with a fly-catching Spotted Flycatcher.

By mid-morning we made our way into the Naddle Valley, towards Haweswater reservoir where a walk around the spectacular Western Atlantic oak woodlands produced both Pied and Spotted Flycatchers, distant singing Redstart along with Great Spotted and Green Woodpeckers. We stopped for lunch at the Haweswater Hotel, overlooking the reservoir and surrounding fells where we spied Red Deer grazing on the opposite hillside and noted Parsley Fern Cryptogamma crispa on the acidic rocks. No sooner had we ordered our lunch and sat outside with our drinks, a passing localised thunderstorm drifted in sending us inside to enjoy our bite to eat. As the storm passed we headed over to the nearby Swindale Valley where things warmed back up again as the sun came out. The meadows in the

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

valley were a riot of colour containing a vast array of vascular plants including abundant Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus minor, Common Bistort Persicaria bistorta, Melancholy Thistle Cirsium heterophyllum and Wood Cranesbill Geranium sylvaticum. The wooded valley slopes held Redstart and Lesser Redpoll and on a small side stream we found both Beautiful and Banded Demoiselle damselflies amongst flowering Water Crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis.

For the remainder of the day we explored a network of floristic roadside verges and pastures in the Orton Fells between the villages of Orton and Great Asby. The diversity of plants was incredible with huge quantities of flowering tall herbs and orchids. Amongst the masses of Cranesbills, Water Avens Geum rivale, Crosswort Cruciata laevipes and Oxeye Daisies Leucanthemum vulgare we found orchids including Northern Marsh Dactylorhiza purpurella, Early Marsh Dactylorhiza incarnata, Frog Coeloglossum viride, Fragrant Gymnadenia conopsea and Twayblade Neottia ovata. On a particularly floristic area of wet heath and pasture we found masses of Bird’s-eye Primrose Primula farinosa, Heath Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza maculata, Northern Marsh-orchid Dactylorhiza purpurella and a number of robust hybrids of the latter two species. With another thunderstorm fast approaching in the heat, we located a single specimen of our final target of the day, Small White Orchid Pseudorchis albida before heading back to the hotel and concluding a fantastic day.

Day 4 Sunday 10th June

After breakfast we vacated our rooms at the hotel before heading a short way from the hotel to start the morning by exploring a nice little lowland raised bog. As we entered the edge of the bog horseflies were much in evidence in the sunshine along with Sedge Warbler, Tree Pipit and Reed Warbler in the bog edge wetland habitats. Out on the bog we had a profusion of flowering Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos, Round-leaved Sundew Drossera rotundifolia and Bog Asphodel Narthecium ossifragum. Several Large Heath Butterflies skipped about over the bog vegetation along with good numbers of Four-spotted Chaser dragonflies. Sat atop its nest was a female Osprey brooding her chicks as the male perched in a nearby Scots Pine affording us good views in the ‘scope.

Our final destination before lunch was an extensive area of limestone grassland, pavement and scree at Helsington Barrows. The rich calcareous turf was studded with Yellow Meadow Ant hills, Thyme Thymus polytrichus and Dropwort Filipendula vulgaris and held a rich invertebrate fauna with the audible clicking of grasshoppers particularly noticeable. We ascended the fell giving commanding views down the Lyth Valley and across to Morecambe Bay to explore an area at the top that was rich in orchids. Amongst the limestone scree and in the short dry turf we found large quantities of Lesser Butterfly Orchid Platanthera bifolia along with Fly Orchid Ophrys insectifera, Fragrant Orchid Gymnadenia conopsea, Common Spotted-orchid Dactylorhiza fuschii and some nice clumps of Dark Red Helleborine Epipactis atrorubens that were just starting to flower.

As lunchtime approached, we ambled back down the fell noting both Pearl-bordered and Small Pearl-bordered Fritillaries before heading to the Strickland Arms for a bite to eat before we all headed our separate ways and concluded an enjoyable holiday in the North-west of England.

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Species Lists

Birds ( = recorded but not counted; H = heard only) June Common name Scientific name 7 8 9 10 1 Greylag Goose Anser anser 30 6 2 Mute Swan Cygnus olor 7 1 3 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 6 10 4 Gadwall Mareca strepera 15 5 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos   6 Pochard Aythya ferina 9 7 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula 15 8 Goosander Mergus merganser 8 2 9 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus   10 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 10 11 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 2 15 12 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 1 6 3 13 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 2  14 Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus 2 15 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 4 16 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo 3 2 10 17 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 3 18 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 15 19 Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus 100+ 10 2 20 Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 6 21 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 2 22 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata 2 6 23 Common Redshank Tringa totanus 5 24 Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus    25 Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus 6 2 26 European Herring Gull Larus argentatus  27 Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 40 12 2 28 Rock Dove / Feral Pigeon Columba livia     29 Stock Dove Columba oenas 2 30 Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus     31 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto     32 Common Swift Apus apus     33 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major 2H H 4 1 34 Green Woodpecker Picus viridis H H 35 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 6 36 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius 1 1 37 Eurasian Magpie Pica pica 2 1 2 4 38 Western Jackdaw Coloeus monedula     39 Rook Corvus frugilegus 10  40 Carrion Crow Corvus corone     41 Northern Raven Corvus corax 2 42 Coal Tit Periparus ater 2 H 2 43 Marsh Tit Poecile palustris 2 6 44 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus     45 Great Tit Parus major     46 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis  47 Sand Martin Riparia riparia 6

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

June Common name Scientific name 7 8 9 10 48 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica     49 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum     50 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus 6 4 2 51 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus     52 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita     53 Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 10 54 Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus 15 55 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla 4 H H H 56 Garden Warbler Sylvia borin H 57 Goldcrest Regulus regulus 3H H H 58 European Wren Troglodytes troglodytes     59 Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea 4 H 60 Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris 1 61 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris     62 Common Blackbird Turdus merula     63 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 1 3 8 2 64 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus 3 2 65 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 3 66 European Robin Erithacus rubecula 6    67 European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca 2 68 Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus 3 69 Dipper Cinclus cinclus H 70 House Sparrow Passer domesticus     71 Dunnock Prunella modularis     72 Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba 3 16 10 8 73 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis  74 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis 3 2 75 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs     76 Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula 4 10 77 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris 2 78 Common Linnet Linaria cannabina 15 79 Lesser Redpoll Acanthis cabaret 10 80 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis H 4   81 Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus 2 10 82 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella H 83 Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus 15 3

Mammals

Grey Squirrel Red Squirrel Rabbit Red deer

Herptiles

Common Toad Common Frog Common Lizard

Butterflies

Small Skipper Small White Common Blue Small Tortoiseshell Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary Small Heath Large Skipper Green-veined White Northern Brown Argus

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Large Heath Meadow Brown Grayling Large White Brimstone Peacock Pearl-bordered Fritillary Speckled Wood

Moths

Chimney Sweeper Ruby Tiger White-spotted Sable

Dragonflies

Blue-tailed Damselfly Large Red Damselfly Golden Ringed Dragonfly Banded Demoiselle Common Blue Damselfly Four-spotted Chaser Common Hawker Small Red Damselfly Broad-bodied Chaser Beautiful Demoiselle

Plants

Scientific Name Common Name Location

PTERIDOPHYTES Equisetaceae Horsetail Family Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail Damp grassland

Adiantaceae Cryprogramma crispa Parsley Fern Haweswater

Aspleniaceae Spleenwort Family Asplenium trichomanes ssp trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort Common on walls and rock outcrops Asplenium scolopendrium Hartstongue Common on limestone pavement and woodlands Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall Rue Common on walls and rock outcrops

Blechnaceae Hard-fern Family Blechnum spicant Hard-fern Roudsea and Naddle woodlands

Dennstaeditiaceae Bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Common

Dryopteridaceae Buckler-fern Family Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern Gait Barrows Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern Common, woodlands Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows Dryopteris submontana Rigid Buckler Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield Fern Limestone pavement, Gait Barrows

Athyriaceae Athyrium Family Athyrium felix-femina Lady Fern Fairly common in woodlands

Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris Family Gymnocarpium robertianum Limestone Fern Gait Barrows

Polypodiaceae Polypodium Family Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody Walls and rocks, Haweswater

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name Location

Ophioglossaceae Moonwort Family Botrychium lunaria Common Moonwort Shap & Helsington

PINOPSIDA CONIFERS

Cupressaceae Juniper Family Juniperus communis Common Juniper Gait Barrows, Latterbarrow & Haweswater

Pinaceae Pine Family Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine Common

Taxaceae Yew Family Taxus baccata Yew Common in woods on Limestone

DICOTYLEDONS

Apiaceae Carrot Family Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Leighton Moss, Roudsea and Gait Barrows Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Common Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder Common Conopodium majus Pignut Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Common Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicely Orton Verges

Aceraceae Acer Family

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Common Acer campestre Field Maple Common

Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Ilex aquifolium Holly Common, woodlands

Araceae Arum Family Arum maculatum Lords and Ladies Common, woodlands

Araliaceae Ivy Family Hedera helix Ivy Common

Asteraceae Daisy Family Bellis perennis Daisy Common Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Common, pastures Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Common Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy Gait Barrows, Sandside and Latterbarrow

Betulaceae Birch Family Alnus glutinosa Alder Haweswater, Roudsea, Leighton Moss Betula pubescens Downy Birch Roudsea Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Gait Barrows Corylus avellana Hazel Common, woodlands

Boraginaceae Borage Family Lithospermum officinale Common Gromwell Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not Common

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name Location

Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey Widespread

Brassicaceae Cabbage Family Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower Roudsea and Leighton Moss

Caprifoliacae Honeysuckle Family Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle Common, woodlands Sambucus nigra Elderberry Common Vibernum opulus Guelder Rose Gait Barrows

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Common, grassland Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged Robin Roudsea and Leighton Moss Silene dioica Red Campion Common

Celastraceae Spindle-Tree Family Euonymus europaeus Common Spindle Roudsea and Gait Barrows

Cistaceae Rock-rose Family Helianthemum numularium Common Rock-rose Latterbarrow, Helsington & Gait Barrows

Clusiaceae St John's Wort Family Hypericum perforatum Perforate St. John's Wort Latterbarrow, Helsington & Gait Barrows

Droseraceae Sundew Family Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved Sundew Roudsea and Meathop Moss

Ericaceae Heather Family Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary Roudsea and Meathop Moss Calluna vulgaris Heather Shap, Roudsea and Meathop Moss Erica tetralix Cross-leaved Heath Shap, Roudsea and Meathop Moss Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry Shap, Roudsea and Meathop Moss Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry Shap Vaccinium oxycoccos Cranberry Roudsea and Meathop Moss

Euphrbiceae Spurge Family Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury Common, woodlands

Fabaceae Pea Family Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Cytisus scoparius Broom Haweswater Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling Common Lotus coniculatus Birdsfoot Trefoil Latterbarrow, Helsington & Gait Barrows Medicago lupulina Black Medick Gait Barrows & Swindale Trifolium pratense Red Clover Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Trifolium repens White Clover Common Ulex europaeus Gorse Haweswater Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Roudsea, Leighton and Gait Barrows Vicia sativa Common Vetch Common, roadsides and grasslands

Fagaceae Beach Family Fagus sylvatica Beech Fairly common Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak Common

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The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name Location

Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Common

Geraniaceae Crane’s-bill Family Geranium molle Dovesfoot Cranesbill Gait Barrows Geranium pratense Meadow Crane's-bill Hedgerows and waysides Geranium robertianum Herb Robert Common Geranium sylvaticum Wood Crane's-bill Roudsea, Orton verges & Swindale

Lamiaceae Dead-nettle Family Ajuga reptans Common Bugle Gait Barrows, Leighton Moss and Roudsea Lamium album White Dead-nettle Latterbarrow and Gait Barrows Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle Latterbarrow Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort Roudsea Thymus polytrichus Wild Thyme Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows

Myricaceae Bog-Myrtle Family Myrica gale Bog-Myrtle Shap, Roudsea and Meathop Moss

Oleaceae Olive Family Fraxinus excelsior Ash Common

Onagraceae Willowherb Family Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb Common

Oxalidaceae Wood Sorrel Family Oxalis acetosella Wood Sorrel Common, woodlands

Papaveraceae Poppy Family Mecanopsis cambrica Welsh Poppy Common

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family Plantago lanecolata Ribwort Plantain Common Plantago major Greater Plantain Common

Polygonaceae Knotweed Family Persicaria bistorta Common Bistort Roadsides Rumex acetosella Sheep's Sorrel Shap Rumex acetosa Sorrel Common

Primulaceae Primrose Family Primula veris Cowslip Common Primula vulgaris Primrosse Common Primula farinosa Bird’s-eye Primrose Orton & Gait Barrows

Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Common, woodlands Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine Latterbarrow, Roudsea & Gait Barrows Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold Roudsea and Leighton Moss Clematis vitalba Old Man's Beard Gait Barrows Helleborus foetidus Stinking Hellebore Gait Barrows Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Roudsea and Gait Barrows Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Common Ranunculus ficaria Lesser Celandine Common, woodlands

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name Location

Thalictrum flavum Common Meadow-rue Roudsea and Leighton Moss

Rhamnaceae Rhamnus Family Rhamnus frangula Alder Buckthorn Roudsea Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Gait Barrows

Rosaceae Rose Family Alchemilla vulgaris agg Lady's-mantle group Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Common Filipendula ulmaria Meadow Sweet Roudsea and Leighton Moss Filipendula vulgaris Dropwort Helsington Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Geum rivale Water Avens Orton, Roudsea and Leighton Moss Geum urbanum Wood Avens Common, woodlands Potentilla erecta Tormentil Common Potentilla neumanniana Spring Cinquefoil Limestone pavement, Gate Barrows Prunus avium Wild Cherry Common Prunus padus Bird Cherry Latterbarrow woodlands Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Common Rubus fruticosus Bramble Common Rubus idaeus Raspberry Latterbarrow, Roudsea & Gait Barrows Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble Gait Barrows Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Helsington, Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet Latterbarrow & Haweswater Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Haweswater Sorbus aria Common Whitebeam Common Sorbus lancastriensis Lancaster Whitebeam Gait Barrows

Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family Galium saxatile Heath Bedstraw Shap Galium sterneri Limestone Bedstraw Gait Barrows Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw Latterbarrow & Gait Barrows Galium odoratum Woodruff Common, woodlands Galium aparine Common Cleavers Common

Saliciaceae Willow Family Populus tremula Aspen Roudsea

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Common Pedicularis sylvatica Lousewort Roudsea and Foulshaw Moss Rhinanthus minor Yellow-rattle Swindale, Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell Roudsea

Solanaceae Nightshade Family Solanum dulcamara Woody Nightshade Roudsea & Leighton

Tiliaceae Lime Family Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime Roudsea

Typhaceae Bulrush Family Typha latifolia Bulrush Roudsea and Leighton Moss

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name Location

Urticaceae Nettle Family Urtica dioica Common Nettle Common

Valerianaceae Valerian Family Valeriana dioica Marsh Valerian Roudsea and Leighton Moss Centhranthus ruber Red Valerian Walls, rocks, cliffs and banks

Violaceae Violet Family Viola hirta Hairy Violet Gait Barrows Viola riviniana Common Dog Violet Gait Barrows, Roudsea and Latterbarrow

MONOCOTYLEDONS

Cyperaceae Sedge Family Carex digitata Fingered Sedge Gait Barrows Carex paniculata Greater Tussock Sedge Roudsea and Leighton Moss Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge Roudsea and Leighton Moss Carex nigra Common Sedge Meathop Moss Carex remota Remote Sedge Roudsea Carex flava Large Yellow Sedge Roudsea Eriophorum angustifolium Common Cottongrass Roudsea and Meathop Moss Eriophorum vaginiatum Hare's-tail Cottongrass Roudsea and Meathop Moss Trichophorum germanicum Deer Grass Roudsea

Iridaceae Iris Family Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag Iris Leighton Moss and Roudsea

Juncaceae Rush Family Juncus effusus Soft Rush Common, damp meadows, woods and grasslands

Liliaceae Lily Family Allium ursinum Ramsons Common, woodlands Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell Common, woodlands Paris quadrifolia Herb Paris Gait Barrows Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley Gait Barrows Narthecium ossifragum Bog Asphodel Shap, Roudsea and Meathop Moss

Orchidaceae Orchid Family Cypripedium calceolus Lady's Slipper Gait Barrows Dactylorhiza fuschii Common Spotted-orchid Common Dactylorhiza purpurella Northern Marsh-orchid Shap & Orton Dactylorhiza incarnata Early Marsh Orchid Orton Dactylorhiza fuschii Heath Spotted Orchid Orton Listera ovata Common Twayblade Sandside Ophrys insectifera Fly Orchid Helsington and Latterbarrow Orchis mascula Early Purple Orchid Gait Barrows, Helsington and Latterbarrow Platanthera chlorantha Greater Butterfly Orchid Gait Barrows and Latterbarrow Platanthera bifolia Lesser Butterfly Orchid Helsington Coeloglossum viride Frog Orchid Orton Epipactis atrorubens Dark Red Helleborine Helsington & Gait Barrows Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Gait barrows Gymnadenia conopsea Fragrant Orchid Helsington & Latterbarrow Pseudorchis albida Small White Orchid Orton fells

The Lakes and Fells – Wildlife of England’s North West Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name Location

Poaceae Grass Family Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass Gait Barrows Briza media Quaking Grass Gait Barrows Cynosorus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail Latterbarrow Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Roudsea Molinia cearulea Purple Moor-grass Shap Nardus stricta Mat-grass Shap Phragmites australis Common Reed Roudsea and Leighton Moss Sesleria caerulea Blue Moor-grass Gait Barrows

Naturetrek Facebook

We are delighted to launch the Naturetrek Facebook page so that participants of Naturetrek tours can remain in touch after the holiday and share photos, comments and future travel plans.

Setting up a personal profile at www.facebook.com is quick, free and easy. The Naturetrek Facebook page is now live; do please pay us a visit!