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A Review of the Ant Fauna of the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia

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A Review of the Ant Fauna of the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia !"##$%&'()*+",-"%.",$%/)($%0',($%0"1$%0',($2%345$%62%!"#$%&$'"()"*+$",-*"),.-,"()"*+$"/#,0,*,."123,-425"1-4(-$2&,!!7"68995":,#;+"<65"=>6< 6 A review of the ant fauna of the Krakatau Islands, Indonesia ?$&0&"!"#"$% Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065 Japan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eptogenys),0'1%',)$(!0#%&;)*,,%!&)$,)1!7!&/):-#%07%1$#%!&) >$,)6!-&()%&)3=4B)$&()BCC?8)977)#2%,)%&(%1$#',)#2$#)#2')%::%;.$#%!&)!6):$&/),0'1%',)>$,)"/).$6#%&;)!&)#2'),'$)"-#) #2$#)(%,0'.,$7)"/)$%.)$7,!)!11-..'(8)D$.7/)1!7!&,$#%!&)!6)0%!&''.)07$&#,)>%#2)'E#.$F!.$7)&'1#$.%',):$/)2$+')"''&) &PF(#*,-*")(#"*+$"$,#3H",-*";(3(-&2$#2"*("2.#%&%$".-4$#"F((#"%$M$*,*&(-L"G&)*$$-"*#,PF"2F$;&$2"+,%$"C$$-"2("),#" #$;(#4$45"()"'+&;+"(-3H"(-$"@Pheidole megacepahla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et alL"@BCC4I5"!1%" C&(M$(M#,F+H"@$LML5":"&!'()*'",-4"X+,-.$"6Q9<E"K).'$(.$5" et alL"@=>6=I5",-4"^"#"$%"@F#$2$-*"2*.4HIL"1-"=>>N8>O"1";(33$;*$4" 6QQ9I8)96#'.)#2')1$#$,#.!02%1)'.-0#%!&,)%&)3445)#2$#)$.'),$%()#!) ,-*2"(-",33"*+$")(.#"&23,-42"@A,0,*,5"?$#*.-M5"S,-_,-M",-4"!-,0" +,%$"*$#P&-,*$4",3P(2*",33"C&(*,"(-"*+$"/#,0,*,.25"*+$"-$'3H" /#,0,*,.I",-4"(-",4_,;$-*"&23,-42"@?$C$2&5"?$C.0.",-4"Z$M.-4&I" 1!7!&%,%&;)6$-&$)$&()F!.$)>'.')%&#'&,%+'7/),#-(%'()6.!:)3=3=) C$*'$$-"/#,0,*,.",-4"?.P,*#,5",-4",32("&-"X$2*"W,%,"@`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