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Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a New Genus from Chile

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Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a New Genus from Chile Pharcoura (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), a new genus from Chile Daniel J. Bickel Pharcoura gen. n. (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) is newly described from Valdivian temperate forest in the Andes and coastal ranges of southern Chile, and comprises three new species: P. newthayorum, P. nahuelbuta, and P. biobio. This is the first genus in subfamily Medeterinae to be described from Nothofagus forests. Daniel J. Bickel, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010 Australia. [email protected] Introduction Sydney; (CNC) – Biosystematics Research Institute, The Valdivian temperate forest of southern Chile Agriculture Canada, Ottawa; (USNM) – National comprises both broad leaf and mixed gymnosperm Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institu- vegetation, and is usually dominated by southern tion, and Washington, D.C. In describing the hy- beech, Nothofagus spp. (Nothofagaceae). These for- popygium, ‘dorsal’ and ‘ventral’ refer to morphologi- ests often have a distinctive biota, quite separate cal position prior to genitalic rotation and flexion. from that found elsewhere in South America (WWF Thus, in figures showing a lateral view of the hy- 2007). For example, the fly family Dolichopodidae is popygium, the top of the page is morphologically composed primarily of the Sympycninae (Sympycnus ventral, while the bottom is dorsal. The CuAx ratio s.l.), Diaphorinae, and the genus Chrysotimus Loew is the length of the m-cu crossvein / distal section 1857 (Peloropeodinae), while other subfamilies show CuA. The position of features on elongate struc- greatly reduced diversity or are totally absent (Van tures such as leg segments is given as a fraction of Duzee 1930, Parent 1932). Moreover, there is a simi- the total length, starting from the base. The rela- lar faunal composition in the Nothofagus forests of tive lengths of the podomeres should be regarded as New Zealand, Tasmania, and southeastern Australia, representative ratios and not measurements. The ra- suggesting a Gondwanan origin for this ecological tios for each leg are given in the following formula association. and punctuation: trochanter + femur; tibia; tar- The subfamily Medeterinae is poorly represented or somere 1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5. The following abbreviations absent in Nothofagus forests, and only known from and terms are used: FSSC – female secondary sexual Thrypticus Gerstäcker 1864, a stem mining genus character(s), non-genitalic characters found only on associated with Poaceae and Cyperaceae in adjacent the female body; MSSC – male secondary sexual swamps and marshes (e.g., Bickel 1992). Therefore it character(s), non-genitalic characters found only on is unusual to find a distinctive new medeterine genus the male body; I, II, III: pro- , meso-, metathoracic in Valdivian forests, and with indications of it being legs; C, coxa; T, tibia; F, femur; ac, acrostichal se- associated with Nothofagus tree trunks. tae; ad, anterodorsal; av, anteroventral; dc, dorso- central setae; dv, dorsoventral; pd, posterodorsal; pv, posteroventral; t, tarsus; t1–5, tarsomeres 1 to 5. Materials and Methods On the figures, arrows are used to indicate diagnostic Specimens cited in this work are housed at the fol- features. lowing institutions: (AMS) – Australian Museum, Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 150: 5–12, Figs. 1–3. [ISSN 0040-7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2007 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 June 2007. 6 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 150, 2007 Taxonomy bearing long setae as figured, without stout setae or acanthophorites. Pharcoura gen. n. Type species. Pharcoura newthayorum Bickel, sp. n. Remarks Pharcoura comprises three species collected from Etymology Valdivian forests in the Andean foothills and coastal The generic name Pharcoura is a combination from ranges of southern Chile. In addition to the spe- the Greek, pharkis, meaning wrinkle, and oura, mean- cies described here, I collected an isolated female ing tail, referring to the grooves or “wrinkles” on the by sweeping Nothofagus forest south of Valdivia. Be- male genitalic capsule. The gender is feminine. cause of their small size, I suspect additional species await collection throughout southern Chile. Diagnosis Two species, P. nahuelbuta and P. biobio are close Body length 1.5 – 2.3 mm. body mostly dark brown sister species, and both share a similar hypopygial to dull black. modification, the group of strong blade-like setae Head. Dorsal postcranium slightly concave; strong on the dorsal surstylus. Although they occur in the vertical and ocellar setae present, and with pair short same region, the Rio Biobio drainage, they are actu- postocellars; frons dark brown, with brown pruinos- ally vicariant species, being found above 1100 m in ity; face distinctly separating eyes; clypeus slightly the Nahuelbuta Coastal Range and Andean foothills, produced; eye facets slightly enlarged anteriorly, uni- respectively, and separated by the Chilean Central form; first flagellomere short, rounded; arista termi- Valley. nal, length shorter than head height. As discussed under “Systematic Position”, Pharcoura Thorax. Rather short and wide; ac absent; 4 strong dc is placed in the Medeterinae, and P. nahuelbuta was present; posterior mesonotum flattened and slightly captured in sticky traps on tree trunks, suggesting it depressed; 1 posterior supra-alar seta, 2 postalar se- has a life stance on vertical surfaces like many other tae, 1 postpronotal seta, 1 humeral, 1 posthumeral genera in the subfamily. and 2 notopleural setae present; 1 strong proepister- nal seta present above coxa I; scutellum with strong Pharcoura (Fig. 1) can be separated from all other median and short lateral setae; postnotum with slight Dolichopodidae by the following combination of median bulge. characters: body rather dark brown in color; poste- Legs. Coxae and remainder of legs brown; CIII with rior mesonotum flattened; femora II and III bare of strong lateral seta near midlength; femora II and III anterior setae; dorsal postcranium concave; ac absent; lacking anterior preapical setae; TII with short ad-pd 4 strong dc present; proepisternal seta present above pair or pd seta only in basal half; TIII with ad seta coxa I; veins R4+5 and M diverging to level of dm- 1/4, and with distal quarter; males with some yellow- cu crossvein, then gradually converging in gradual ish posterior hairs from 1/2 to apex. curve to become subparallel in distal fifth of wing; Wing. R2+3 joining costa at 4/5; R4+5 and M di- genital capsule large, external; hypopygial foramen verging to level of dm-cu crossvein, then gradually left basal; epandrium with numerous longitudinal converging in gradual curve to become subparallel grooves on surface; oviscapt (Figs. 2c-d) rather wide in distal fifth of wing, with M ending before wing in dorsal view, with tergum 10 lobate and fused me- apex. dially; without stout setae or acanthophorites. Abdomen. Tergum and sternum 7 short, each well- developed and separate, and together forming short Key to males of species of Chilean Pharcoura peduncle; sternum 8 with internal sclerotised strut; genitalic capsule large, external; hypopygial foramen 1. TII with strong ad-pd pair at 1/4, and pd left basal; epandrium subrectangular, and with nu- at 1/2; TIII slightly flattened dorsoventrally merous longitudinal grooves or rugosities on sur- (MSSC); hypopygium (Fig. 2a-b); dorsal face; hypandrium fused to epandrium, divided into surstylus subtriangular, with apical seta; cer- two narrow arms, each arising separately from the cus lobate with basoventral projection that epandrium, and each arm with fine setae; surstylus bears 2 long projecting setae; wing >1.7 mm . enlarged, surstylus divided into ventral and dorsal . P. newthayorum sections; ventral surstylus large, subrectangular and – TII with short pd seta at 1/3; TIII not flat- expanding over ventral surface; dorsal surstylus some- tened distally; dorsal surstylus bearing 5–6 times bearing enlarged setae; oviscapt (Figs. 2c-d) long blade-like setae, sometimes arising from rather wide in dorsal view, with tergum 10 lobate raised sockets; cercus without basoventral and fused medially; cercus lobate but not fused, and projection; wing <1.6 mm . 2.
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