New Radiocarbon Dates for the Late Gravettian in Eastern Central Europe
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Adorning the Dead a Bio-Archaeological Analysis of Ochre Application to Gravettian Burials
Adorning the Dead A Bio-Archaeological Analysis of Ochre Application to Gravettian Burials Sierra McKinney; University of Victoria ©2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Theoretical Orientation ...................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................. 5 History of Ochre Use: ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Gravettian Burials and the Archaeology Record: .................................................................................. 6 Methods of Ochre Application ...................................................................................................................... 8 Established Gravettian Regional Variation: ......................................................................................... 11 Material and Methodology ............................................................................................................... 14 Burial Database .............................................................................................................................................. 14 GIS Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Štýřice III (Koněvova St. Or Vídeňská St.) – an Epigravettian Site in Brno (Czech Republic)
Volume V ● Issue 1/2014 ● Pages 7–18 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu V/1/2014 Štýřice III (Koněvova St. or Vídeňská St.) – an Epigravettian Site in Brno (Czech Republic) Zdeňka Nerudováa*, Petr Nerudaa aAnthropos Institute, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, Brno 659 37, Czech Republic ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT: Article history: The paper summarises the results of Palaeolithic research in Vídeňská (former Koněvova) Street in the Received: 1 August 2014 city of Brno. After the first small-scale excavations carried by K. Valoch in 1972, primarily rescue ex- Accepted: 16 September 2014 cavations in recent years (2009–2014) have revealed the extent and intensity of the Palaeolithic settle- ment. The specific features of the locality are represented by imported raw materials, a high frequency Key words: of burins compared to other tools and a predominance of Mammuthus primigenius among the faunal Moravia remains. The settlement was earlier classified as Epigravettian which is confirmed by new radiocarbon Svratka River dating. Based on the knowledge obtained in the immediate neighbourhood of the locality, it became Epigravettian apparent that this convenient area near the river repeatedly attracted people to build settlements in these subsistence strategies places, in all probability specialised groups of hunters. Despite the climatically unfavourable final part of the LGT period (after a definition by Markova et al. 2013), within which the settlement at Brno- -Štýřice III falls based on radiocarbon dating and malacofauna, we can take into consideration a denser settlement strategy than is usually assumed in the broader context of the Middle Danube Region. -
The Many Faces of the Gravettian
THE MANY FACES OF THE GRAVETTIAN Abstract The Gravettian phenomenon (ca 34,000 to 24,000 years ago) is a complex biocultural adaptation to cold and arid glacial conditions, evidence of the remarkable adaptive flexibility of anatomically modern humans. The Gravettian is spread across Europe from Portugal to the Urals. Why does the Gravettian matter? With the focus on the ‘origins’ of modern humans, we have almost forgotten the evolutionary patterns in later Homo sapiens. The many faces of the Gravettian form a rich source of information on modern human evolution and the social and cultural adaptations developed during the Upper Paleolithic of Europe. The session aims to address this issue and discuss current research in terms of: 1 theoretical frameworks 2 proxies for behavioural variability 3 fieldwork circumstances (especially sampling strategies and scientific methods) Explanation What do we mean by the “many faces” of the Gravettian? Regional diversity in (lithic) tools seems to be one of the hallmarks of the Gravettian, when compared to the relative uniformity of the Early and Late Aurignacian. Font Robert points, Noaillian, Rayssian, Late Gravettian, Pavlovian, Willendorf-Kostienkian, Sagvarian, Kašovian, Epigravettian are just a few of the labels used to try and categorise this diversity in Europe. The “many faces” refer to the mosaic character of the Gravettian. A better understanding of this regional diversity comes with another sense of “many faces”, namely the exploration of the full spectrum of behaviors and activities, cultural remains and material signatures. Since the 1990s, lithic analysis has moved beyond form, faunal analysis has moved beyond species determination, site analysis has moved beyond age and cultural attribution: the integration of all data is used to reconstruct the full range of activities and practices leading to the archaeological record and brings the Gravettian mosaic to full scope. -
Assessing Relationships Between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology Via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling William E
Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco-cultural niche modeling William E. Banks To cite this version: William E. Banks. Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco- cultural niche modeling. Archaeology and Prehistory. Universite Bordeaux 1, 2013. hal-01840898 HAL Id: hal-01840898 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01840898 Submitted on 11 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches Université de Bordeaux 1 William E. BANKS UMR 5199 PACEA – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Assessing Relationships between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling Soutenue le 14 novembre 2013 devant un jury composé de: Michel CRUCIFIX, Chargé de Cours à l'Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique Francesco D'ERRICO, Directeur de Recherche au CRNS, Talence Jacques JAUBERT, Professeur à l'Université de Bordeaux 1, Talence Rémy PETIT, Directeur de Recherche à l'INRA, Cestas Pierre SEPULCHRE, Chargé de Recherche au CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette Jean-Denis VIGNE, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, Paris Table of Contents Summary of Past Research Introduction .................................................................................................................. -
Humans Confront the Last Glacial Maximum in Western Europe
Quaternary International xxx (2016) 1e7 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Humans confront the Last Glacial Maximum in Western Europe: Reflections on the Solutrean weaponry phenomenon in the broader contexts of technological change and cultural adaptation Lawrence Guy Straus Department of Anthropology MSC01 1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA article info abstract Article history: Lithic weapon tips have existed at least since the Middle Paleolithic. Beginning in the Early Upper Available online xxx Paleolithic of Europe, bladelet (a.k.a. microblade) elements used as edges, barbs or tips were added to the repertoire of weapon technology. Various forms thereof are present in Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean Keywords: and Magdalenian assemblages. In the Solutrean, they are found together with large stone points (foliate, Bladelets (microblades) shouldered, stemmed), presumably used on different kinds of weapons (thrusting spears, hand-thrown Solutrean javelins, atl-atl darts and perhaps even bow-propelled arrows). These different kinds of weapon systems Upper Paleolithic existed throughout the Upper Paleolithic under both stadial and interstadial conditions and, once SW Europe Weapon systems invented (or re-invented) seem to have been variations on the same classes of projectiles whose func- tional distinctions remain to be identified. Nonetheless, in the Solutrean context during the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 25e20 cal ka), developments in weaponry (including the use of bladelets along with the better-known Solutrean points) were parts of a suite of adaptations to extreme environmental conditions ranging from territorial contraction into refugia in SW Europe to subsistence intensification. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. -
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Carpathian Basin and the Spread of Agriculture in Europe
Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Carpathian Basin and the Spread of Agriculture in Europe By William J. Eichmann .................................................................................. University of Wisconsin, Madison Archaeological Institute of the [email protected] Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1014, Úri u. 49, Budapest Advisers: Dr. Eszter Bánffy and Dr. Róbert Kertész .................................................................................. Seminal research in the 1970’s resulted in the recognition that events in Transdanubia (western Hungary) during the 6th millennium B.C. were pivotal to the spread of agriculture to north central Europe. Two perspectives have figured prominently in the debate: 1) agriculture was directly spread by migrating agricultural populations; and 2) agriculture spread through the adoption of agricultural practices by indigenous hunter- gatherer populations. In Hungary the spread of agriculture has primarily been approached from the perspective of the first farmers (Neolithic). Limited archaeological evidence from Mesolithic hunter-gatherers during the Early Holocene (~10,000-6,000 B.C.) in the Carpathian Basin has made it difficult to consider their role in the entire process. It is argued that the complex process of agricultural spread may be more comprehensible if research is specifically directed toward identifying long term evolutionary trends in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer society. This paper provides a summary of extant evidence from the Mesolithic and Neolithic in Hungary, with an emphasis on Transdanubia, and presents some of the preliminary results of recent research on the Mesolithic. Introduction The prehistoric spread of agriculture B.C. the first agricultural societies was the impetus for one of the most (Neolithic) in Europe appeared in significant reorganizations of human Greece, and by the early 4th millennium society. -
“Politics” and “Religion” in the Upper Paleolithic: a Voegelinian Analysis of Some Selected Problems
“Politics” and “Religion” in the Upper Paleolithic: A Voegelinian Analysis of Some Selected Problems DRAFT ONLY Barry Cooper University of Calgary Paper prepared for APSA Annual Meeting Seattle WA September, 201 2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Philosophy of consciousness 3. “Politics” 4. “Religion 5. Conclusions 3 “Politics” and “Religion” in the Upper Paleolithic 1. Introduction The Voegelinian analysis referred to in the title refers primarily to two elements of the political science of Eric Voegelin. The first is his philosophy of consciousness, systematically developed first in Anamnesis.1 The second is his concept of compactness and differentiation of experience and symbolization. It will be necessary to touch upon a few other Voegelinian concepts, notably his understanding of “equivalence,” but for reasons of space only a summary presentation is possible. A second preliminary remark: the terms “Religion” and “Politics” are in quotation marks because their usage in the context of the Upper Paleolithic is anachronistic, though not entirely misleading. The meaning of these terms is commonsensical, not technical, and is meant to indicate what Clifford Geertz once called “oblique family-resemblance connections” among phenomena.2 Third, as a matter of chronology the Upper Paleolithic conventionally refers to the period between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago (50KYBP- 1 Voegelin refined his analysis of consciousness in the last two volumes of Order and History. These changes are ignored on this occasion. 2 Geertz, Life Among the Anthros, ed. Fred Inglis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), 224. 4 10KYBP). It corresponds in Eurasian periodization approximately to the Later Stone Age in Africa. -
Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site. -
An Early Aurignacian Arrival in Southwestern Europe
ARTICLES https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0753-6 An early Aurignacian arrival in southwestern Europe Miguel Cortés-Sánchez1,2, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo 3,4*, María D. Simón-Vallejo1,2, Chris Stringer 5, María Carmen Lozano Francisco 2, Antonio García-Alix4,6, José L. Vera Peláez2, Carlos P. Odriozola1,2, José A. Riquelme-Cantal7, Rubén Parrilla Giráldez2, Adolfo Maestro González8, Naohiko Ohkouchi3 and Arturo Morales-Muñiz9 Westernmost Europe constitutes a key location in determining the timing of the replacement of Neanderthals by anatomi- cally modern humans (AMHs). In this study, the replacement of late Mousterian industries by Aurignacian ones at the site of Bajondillo Cave (Málaga, southern Spain) is reported. On the basis of Bayesian analyses, a total of 26 radiocarbon dates, including 17 new ones, show that replacement at Bajondillo took place in the millennia centring on ~45–43 calibrated thousand years before the present (cal ka BP)—well before the onset of Heinrich event 4 (~40.2–38.3 cal ka BP). These dates indicate that the arrival of AMHs at the southernmost tip of Iberia was essentially synchronous with that recorded in other regions of Europe, and significantly increases the areal expansion reached by early AMHs at that time. In agreement with human dispersal sce- narios on other continents, such rapid expansion points to coastal corridors as favoured routes for early AMH. The new radio- carbon dates align Iberian chronologies with AMH dispersal patterns in Eurasia. he replacement of Middle Palaeolithic Neanderthal popu- attention. This is because it is associated with the putative extinction lations by anatomically modern humans (AMHs), which of Neanderthals, given that Aurignacian technocomplex elements Tin Europe are associated with Early Upper Palaeolithic have now been securely associated with AMHs1. -
New Insights on Final Epigravettian Funerary Behavior at Arene Candide Cave (Western Liguria, Italy)
doie-pub 10.4436/jass.96003 ahead of print JASs Reports doi: 10.4436/jass.89003 Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 96 (2018), pp. 161-184 New insights on Final Epigravettian funerary behavior at Arene Candide Cave (Western Liguria, Italy) Vitale Stefano Sparacello1, 2, Stefano Rossi3, 4, Paul Pettitt2, Charlotte Roberts2, Julien Riel-Salvatore5 & Vincenzo Formicola6 1) Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, PACEA, UMR 5199, Batiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac cedex e-mail: [email protected] 2) Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom 3) Soprintendenza Archeologia Belle Arti e Paesaggio per la città metropolitana di Genova e le province di Imperia, La Spezia e Savona, Via Balbi, 10, 16126 Genova, Italy 4) DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa, 26, 16132 Genova, Italy 5) Département d’Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Lionel-Groulx, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, H3T 1N8 Montréal (QC), Canada 6) Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy Summary - We gained new insights on Epigravettian funerary behavior at the Arene Candide cave through the osteological and spatial analysis of the burials and human bone accumulations found in the cave during past excavations. Archaeothanathological information on the human skeletal remains was recovered from diaries, field pictures and notes, and data from recent excavations was integrated. The secondary deposits have traditionally been interpreted as older burials that were disturbed to make space for new inhumations. Our results suggest that those disturbances were not casual: older burials were intentionally displaced to bury younger inhumations. Subsequently, some skeletal elements, especially crania, were arranged around the new burial; these were often placed within stone niches. -
The Origins of the Gravettians
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/685404; this version posted July 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The origin of the Gravettians: genomic evidence from a 36,000-year-old Eastern 2 European 3 4 E. Andrew Bennett1, Sandrine Prat2, Stéphane Péan3, Laurent Crépin3, Alexandr Yanevich4, 5 Simon Puaud2, Thierry Grange1, Eva-Maria Geigl1 6 7 1Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; 2 UMR 7194 (HNHP), 8 MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Musée de l’Homme, Palais de Chaillot, 17 9 Place du Trocadéro, 75116, Paris, France; 3UMR 7194 (HNHP), MNHN/CNRS/UPVD, Muséum 10 national d’Histoire naturelle, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 11 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France; 4Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences 12 of Ukraine, Heroiv Stalingrada 12, 04210 Kyiv, Ukraine. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/685404; this version posted July 2, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 21 Abstract 22 The Gravettian technocomplex was present in Europe from more than 30,000 years ago until 23 the Last Glacial Maximum, but the source of this industry and the people who manufactured 24 it remain unsettled. -
Island Archaeology and the Origins of Seafaring in the Eastern Mediterranean
An offprint from ISLAND ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ORIGINS OF SEAFARING IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Proceedings of the Wenner Gren Workshop held at Reggio Calabria on October 19-21, 2012 In memory of John D. Evans Eurasian Prehistory Guest Editors: Albert J. Ammerman and Thomas Davis PART ONE (Eurasian Prehistory 10/2013) Introduction 1. Introduction Albert J. Ammerman 2. Chronological framework Thomas W. Davis Placing island archaeology and early voyaging in context 3. The origins of mammals on the Mediterranean islands as an indicator of early voyaging Jean-Denis Vigne 4. Cosmic impact, the Younger Dryas, Abu Hureyra, and the inception of agriculture in Western Asia Andrew M. T. Moore and Douglas J. Kennett 5. The homelands of the Cyprus colonizers: selected comments Ofer Bar-Yosef 6. Marine resources in the Early Neolithic of the Levant: their relevance to early seafaring Daniella E. Bar-Yosef Mayer 7. Early seafaring and the archaeology of submerged landscapes Geoff N. Bailey Case studies A. Cyprus 8. Tracing the steps in the fieldwork at the sites of Aspros and Nissi Beach on Cyprus Albert J. Ammerman 9. Akrotiri-Aetokremnos (Cyprus) 20 years later: an assessment of its significance Alan H. Simmons 10. The transportation of mammals to Cyprus sheds light on early voyaging and boats in the Mediterranean Sea Jean-Denis Vigne, Antoine Zazzo, Isabella Carrère, François Briois and Jean Guilaine 11. On the chipped stone assemblages at Klimonas and Shillourokambos and their links with the mainland François Briois and Jean Guilaine PART TWO (Eurasian Prehistory 11/2014) 12. Temporal placement and context of Cyro-PPNA activity on Cyprus Sturt W.