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Effect of Climate Variability on Collaria Scenica

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Effect of Climate Variability on Collaria Scenica Effect of climate variability on Collaria scenica (Hemiptera: Miridae) on the Bogotá plateau Efecto de la variabilidad climática sobre Collaria scenica (Hemiptera: Miridae) en la Sabana de Bogotá Andrea Rodríguez-Roa1*, Blanca Arce-Barboza2, Francisco Boshell-Villamarin3, and Nancy Barreto-Triana1 ABSTRACT RESUMEN The aim of this research was to study the effect of climatic El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de las condi- conditions on the population of the grass bug Collaria sce- ciones climáticas sobre la población de la chinche de los pastos nica (Stal, 1859) using agroclimatic models and analyzing its Collaria scenica (Stal, 1859) a partir de modelos agroclimáticos, behavior under interannual variability scenarios related to El y analizar su comportamiento bajo escenarios de variabilidad Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The population interanual, relacionados con eventos El Niño-Oscilación del fluctuations of this grass bug were modeled, estimating signifi- Sur (ENOS). Para esto, se modeló la fluctuación poblacional de cant climatic variables in the presence of nymphs and adults la chinche de los pastos Collaria scenica (Stal, 1859) estimando with a multiple linear regression analysis. The population las variables climáticas significativas en la presencia de ninfas distribution of this insect in relation to the occurrence of the El y adultos, a través de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Niño and La Niña phenomena on the Bogota plateau was ana- Se analizó la distribución poblacional del insecto asociada lyzed based on variations of the sea surface temperature (SST) a la ocurrencia de los fenómenos de El Niño y La Niña en la in the tropical Pacific and their impact on climate variables. Sabana de Bogotá, tomando como base la variación de la tem- The maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation and peratura superficial del mar (TSM) en el Pacífico tropical, y su evapotranspiration showed higher significance for this pest impacto en las variables climáticas. La temperatura máxima than the other variables. The optimal growth and develop- y mínima, la precipitación y la evapotranspiración mostraron ment conditions for this grass bug occurred during periods mayor significancia para la plaga frente a las demás variables. with a higher daily thermal amplitude and high precipitation Las condiciones óptimas para el crecimiento y el desarrollo de values, which highlights the positive effect of abundant, but not la chinche se dan para periodos con mayor amplitud térmica excessive, rain. This study helped to determine the population diaria y valores altos de precipitación, destacando el efecto growth during the two seasons of the year with higher rainfall positivo de las lluvias abundantes, pero no excesivas. El estudio in the area, which correspond to March-May (MAM) and permitió establecer aumentos de la población durante las dos September-November (SON), mainly in the following season épocas del año con mayor lluvia en la zona, correspondien- after the dry quarter of December-February (DJF). Important tes a marzo-mayo (MAM) y septiembre-noviembre (SON), increases occur in the El Niño event because of the greater principalmente en la temporada siguiente al trimestre seco de accumulation of heat units during this phenomenon based on diciembre-febrero (DEF). Se presentan incrementos impor- increases in air temperature that favor insect growth. tantes bajo un evento El Niño, como consecuencia de la mayor acumulación de unidades de calor que se origina durante este fenómeno, a partir del aumento de la temperatura del aire que favorece el crecimiento del insecto. Key words: climatic variables, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Palabras clave: modelos, plagas, chinche de los pastos, variables grass bug, models, pest. climáticas, El Niño-Oscilación del Sur. Introduction production systems are thriving on the Bogota plateau because of its particular climatic (i.e. average temperature One of the main economic activities on the Bogota plateau of 13°C, altitude between 2,500 and 3,000 m a.s.l., 70% is specialized dairy production because this region has suit- relative humidity and a bimodal precipitation regime) and able environmental conditions for its development. These edaphic conditions. Another factor that has contributed Received for publication: 3 November, 2018. Accepted for publication: 10 April, 2019 Doi: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v37n1.75954 1 Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Agrosavia, Mosquera (Colombia). 2 Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, INIA, Lima (Peru). 3 Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota (Colombia). * Corresponding author: [email protected] Agronomía Colombiana 37(1), 47-61, 2019 to the development of this industry is the availability of events, which generate drier or rainier periods (Pabón kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus Hochst. ex Chiov, and Torres, 2006). These events cause disasters in a large Morrones synonym of Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex part of the region, and the presence of El Niño has seri- Chiov) and ryegrass (Lolium spp.), forage used for grazing ous consequences as a result of precipitation deficits and specialized dairy cow breeds (Benavides, 1997; Duarte et increases in temperature and frost threat. The more obvious al., 1998; Martínez and Barreto, 1998). agricultural and socioeconomic impacts include decreases in the production of basic crops, increased incidence of In these specialized dairy production systems, a reduc- pests and diseases, reduction of river and stream levels, tion in milk production is a consequence of the presence economic losses, and high product prices, among others. of pests such as the grass bug Collaria scenica (Stal, 1859), an insect that sucks sap from the leaves of grasses, causing Studies on climate variability and global climate change different degrees of damage and generating tissue death have shown that future variations in climate will generate that further causes a reduction in biomass availability and a noticeable effect on the migration and abundance of pest affects forage quality. This leads to an income reduction of insect populations, which will adversely affect global agri- close to 25% for producers (Duarte et al., 1998; Martínez cultural and livestock productivity (Palikhe, 2007; Merril et and Barreto, 1998). al., 2008). An accelerated change in the spatial distribution range of insect species will be one of the important effects This pest has been recorded on the Bogota plateau since of climate variability and change (Boshell, 2010). As the 1988 and has expanded to other milk-producing regions, planet heats up, insect species limited by temperature will such as the Ubate and Chiquinquira valleys and Alto Chi- be able to expand to other areas as fast as their own disper- camocha (Duarte et al., 1998; Ramírez and Díaz, 2002; sion mechanisms allow them. For example, in the case of Ferreira et al., 2013). the Miridae family (i.e. the family grass bugs belong to), an increase in temperature would work in their favor more Insect development and behavior are affected by interac- than other grass pests (Kiritani, 2006). tions with the environment, including climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and For example, variations resulting from climate change wind, among others. According to Boshell (2010), the dis- affect the potato moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). tribution of insects and the duration of their life cycle are According to Kroschel et al. (2013), the potential for dam- affected by climatic conditions, especially temperature. age will gradually grow in all regions where this pest cur- Therefore, knowledge on the natural climatic variation rently exists, with a significant increase in the tropics and of an area and its impact on insects or pests is important subtropics in warmer regions where potatoes are grown since this constitutes a significant issue for the prevention under emissions scenarios SRES (Special Report on Emis- of sanitary problems. sions Scenarios) -A1B (2050), which model future climatic conditions with a balanced emphasis on all energy sources. Climate variability and climate change have potential Also, an increase in temperature in more temperate climate impacts on agriculture and particularly on pest behavior regions, such as mountainous areas and inter-Andean val- and development. Climate variability refers to variations in leys, will generate a moderate increase in damage potential the mean state and other climate statistics (standard devia- in new areas with an infestation risk. tions or occurrence of extremes, etc.) on all temporal and spatial scales beyond those of individual weather events. According to Pulido (2016), for populations of the com- Climate change refers to any change in climate over time, mon cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in whether as a result of natural variability or anthropogenic the Cundiboyacense highland area, it might be possible forces (IPCC, 2014). that climate change will not have a positive influence on this species since there is a decrease in all the stages of The Bogota plateau is continually affected by climatic development when including data for climatic projections anomalies. The agroclimatic quarters or seasons with lower for the period 2011-2040 according to the climate change rainfall correspond to the months of December-February scenarios of the Third National Communication (IDEAM (DJF) and June-August (JJA), and the periods with higher et al., 2015). rainfall
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