Volume 1, Issue 3, Spring 2015

Dimidium scientiae: The Half of Knowledge

Nancy T. de Grummond, State University

Over the main door of Dodd Hall at , the former

Library of the institution when it was the Florida State College for Women, a Figure 2 well-known and much discussed motto Ironically, no one knows for certain is written in gilded relief letters: “The the source of this meaningful adage. half of knowledge is to know where to Internet sites make comparisons with find knowledge” (Figs. 1-2).1 various quotes involving half or a Figure 1 portion of knowledge, 2 and an anecdote circulated at FSU attributes the quote to a lowly but hypothetically shrewd workman of the time the building was erected—and the relief was created—in the 1920’s.3 The saying was clearly intended to inspire students to identify the building as a very important source of knowledge. Merely to enter the hall was tantamount to completing half a research assignment.

The purpose of this article is to Bertanza5 was someone who had good provide some of the intellectual reason to know about sources of background for this particular notion knowledge. A classical scholar, of research and learning and to reveal linguist, teacher, education the present writer’s discovery that the administrator, and archivist, he proverb in English was very likely specialized in Greek and Roman derived from a Latin motto noted in chronology and in the history of the nineteenth century. In addition, scholarship and universities. Bertanza some surprising design elements in studied at Milan and Venice before Dodd Hall will be revealed, closely holding positions at Padua, Feltre, and connected with the inspiring motto Este and was ultimately appointed to and showing the link between the the high-level position of inspector of building’s architecture and its mission. schools at Venice in 1884. He remained in Venice until his death in The Latin motto that preceded the 1898, during which time he worked English version is as follows: frequently in the archives of the “Dimidium scientiae cui scit ubi sit world-famous library of St. Mark’s in scientia,” translating as “The half of Venice. There he undoubtedly had knowledge belongs to the one who occasions to realize the truth of the knows where knowledge is.” This Latin slogan he quoted in 1885, since motto is mentioned in a review in he must have achieved his academic 1885 in the Italian periodical, Rivista success by knowing the library well Storica Italiana, as an “antico adagio,” and knowing where to find what he i.e. as traditional but anonymous was researching. He had already wisdom.4 It was therefore current published a work on the history of the well before the construction of Dodd university from the origins to the Hall. Italian Risorgimento, as well as a The scholar who quotes the Latin study of the chronology of Greek saying, Enrico Bertanza, was writing a civilization before the Trojan War. At learned review of an ambitious work Venice he researched questions that on historical chronology and was using had to do with the Republic of Venice, it in praise of the work under review. the Venetian dialect, and in particular what was to become a publication on the portal’s left side is the plate of masters, schools, and scholars in Nicolas Jenson, born in France but Venice up to 1500. 6 Bertanza flourishing in Venice from 1470 to specialized in locating unpublished but 1480, also specializing in printing relevant documents on these topics. classical authors. His typographer’s mark (Fig. 4) is a geometric pattern Curiously, and perhaps not that features a circle cut by coincidentally, the motto used by intersecting lines.7 Bertanza is not the only connecting point to Venetian learning and libraries Manutius and Jenson both used a form found at the door of the FSCW/FSU of type that was new in 15th-century library in Dodd Hall. Above the portal Venice, with the letter forms based on occur two shields that are the Roman script, quite different from the emblems of two famous printers in lettering used for the Dodd Hall early Venice. inscription. Instead, it is based on Gothic lettering of a kind used in medieval manuscripts and for another early printed work, the Gutenberg Bible (Fig. 5), published at Mainz in the Figure 3 1450s and famous in the history of

Figure 4 books as the first major book printed with movable type in the West.

On the portal’s upper right (Fig. 3) is the publisher’s device of the firm of Aldus Manutius, depicting a dolphin with its tail wrapped around an anchor, an image known around the world associated with the earliest printed books, in particular those that Figure 5 published Greek and Latin authors. On Letter form for letter form, the highly decoration in illuminated manuscripts ornamental Dodd inscription, covered and early printed books. with gold leaf like that used in some of There are many more such design the capital letters of the Gutenberg elements that illustrate Dodd Hall’s Bible, features the exact lettering style educational mission. Just inside the of that book. Further, the ornamental door, on the ceiling of the Lobby of lozenge shapes set in between the the library, are numerous other words are those of the Gutenberg learned references to books and style. libraries. A molding painted brightly in Yet another reference to Gutenberg, blue, green, red, and white again and to the way in which early printed shows a vine pattern, here with key books were illuminated in the tradition motifs entwined (Figs. 6-7). of medieval manuscripts, is present in the glazed terracotta frieze above the lettering, depicting five birds, alternately red and blue, perched on a grape vine (Seen in Fig. 1).These are not identifiable species, but rather serve a decorative purpose.8 In fact, a Figure 6 similar scheme appears on the first page of the book of Genesis in the Gutenberg Bible where the illuminations feature birds frolicking in vines9; neither the birds nor the vines, depicted with great variety, are meant to be biologically precise. The bright Figure 7 coloring that makes the Dodd inscription and frieze so appealing, Featured on the molding and ceiling along with the Gothic tracery in are the open-faced rose of the English adjoining frames, is clearly royal Tudor family and the latticed reminiscent of Late Medieval portcullis originating from the crest of Lady Margaret Beaufort (d. 1509), mother of King Henry VII. Elsewhere and write in English and to read and on the plastered ceiling are the translate from the French.10 She was emblems of the major geo-political a good friend of the great English divisions of Great Britain: the printer William Caxton, commissioning shamrock (three-leaf or trefoil) of books from him and even providing Ireland (Fig. 8); the thistle of Scotland translations from the French for him to (Fig. 9); the fleur-de-lys of Wales (Fig. publish. Lady Margaret was a great 10); and the Tudor rose of England patron of education in general and of (Fig. 11). Cambridge University in particular. Besides founding a free public Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 grammar school and endowing a professorship in Divinity at Cambridge, she is honored as a founder of Christ’s College and St John’s College, Cambridge. The portcullis appears conspicuously above the Gatehouse of St John’s and it also appears on book stamps for the libraries of Christ’s College and St John’s College (Fig. 12).11

This choice of Tudor inspired ceiling decorations is not accidental. There is in Dodd Hall’s Lobby an intended and particular emphasis on Lady Margaret and her special relationship to libraries and books. In every way she was a superb model for the education of young women such as those who Figure 12 attended Florida State College for Figure 13

Women and used its library. For a woman of her time, Lady Margaret was exceptional in her abilities to read The Tudor rose is also frequently used Both the trefoil and the fleur-de-lys on book stamps (Fig. 13), belonging are quite common on book stamps.12 both to Cambridge University and to Frequently the stamps of the British individuals. A portrait of Lady royalty and nobility are derived from Margaret originally created in 1505 heraldry, and many recapitulate the features both the portcullis and the coat of arms of a particular family or rose (Fig. 14). Here, as in so many society. Hence there are numerous portraits of her, she is depicted with book stamps created in the shape of a one of the books beloved to her. shield.

Figure 14 In this regard, we return to the great

entrance portal of Dodd and note that just above the door and below the

inscription are two shields, featuring a

gold saltire (St. Andrew’s Cross) on a red field (Fig. 1). The device may be

found on a shield in combination with

the thistle on Scottish stamps of, for example, the National Library of

Scotland and the Signet Library in

13 Edinburgh. While a precise allusion to Scottish libraries is hard to explain The thistle, ancient symbol of further, the student entering the door Scotland, also occurs on book stamps, may well have found significance in and in particular on the device of the the FSCW school colors, garnet and National Library of Scotland (Fig. 15). 14 gold.

There is yet another aspect of the decoration of the ceiling in the Lobby

that reveals an historical allusion to books and printing. The overall design

into which the rose, thistle, fleur-de- Figure 15 lys, and trefoil are integrated (Fig. 6) suggests nothing so much as the A recurrent motif on Dodd Hall’s beautiful tooled book covers created in ceiling and on these book covers is the the Renaissance for the Venetian firm cartouche shaped like a rectangle with of Aldus Manutius by the famed firm semicircles protruding from it. It of Grolier, as well as other appears, for example, on the tooled bookbinders (Figs. 16-17). cover made ca. 1530 at Rome for an edition of Valerius Maximus put out by Figure 16 Aldus and Socerus in 1514 (Fig. 16), and this motif is also found on a Testimonial Volume for Cardinal Manning, made over 300 years later in 1875 by the Zaehnsdorf firm, probably the most important book binders during the period when Dodd Hall was designed (Fig. 17).This basic scheme may be varied in many ways, but usually it is surrounded by arabesques or by interlacing forms. This type of

framework appeared over and over in the Lobby, the Reference Room, and in a small room with octagonal ceiling designated as the Librarian’s Private Office, and can be clearly seen in the

blueprints of this ceiling (Fig.18).

Figure 17 construction workman, seems quite inadequate when one notes the numerous learned references in the portal and the Lobby of the building, including the pre-existence of the Latin motto in Italy, an almost word for word equivalent to the sentiment in the Dodd inscription. The origin of that tale has been traced to the head librarian of FSCW at the time of construction, Louise Richardson (Fig. 19). Figure 18

The framework of the Lobby is almost identical to the central motif on the Valerius Maximus cover (Fig. 16).

All in all, it is not surprising that an article in the student newspaper, the Florida Flambeau, referred to the style of the new additions to the library as Academic Tudor. 15 Many of the basics of Tudor Gothic architectural style are Figure 19 present, but enhanced by numerous Richardson served as Director of the references to learning and libraries. library at FSCW from 1922 to 1953

Without discussing further at this point and died in 1963. As far we know, the the rich and thoughtful architectural only place in which this story of the iconography of the FSCW/FSU library, workman appears is in oral tradition, we may return to the original inquiry and in particular as recorded in an of this article: What is the source of interview with Lucille Higgs, Assistant the quotation about “the half of Director of the Library, 1949-1985. knowledge”? The charming anecdote, Here is the anecdote, edited from an oft-repeated, about the naïve interview given by Miss Higgs in 2009: You know the quotation over the doors would have been uncharacteristic of of the old library? …That’s the her to take credit away from the perennial reference question. I don’t architect if indeed he had originated know how many years we’ve worked on that quotation.… [We] never did the motto. [locate its source]. Miss Richardson said one time that she didn’t know, Further, there is no clear evidence and that it was the architect who put from written documents or blueprints it up there, and that she understood that either architect—Edwards or (and I don’t know whether this is true or not, but this is what she said) that Weaver—had an interest in devising a one of the workmen made that design theme referencing printers, statement to the architect and he books, and libraries. The plans of liked it. But I have hunted endless times…we had to hunt for it every Edwards do show that he was year, because they’d [i.e., responsible for first using the Gothic undergraduates] come in and say style in the west wing,17 with its “Who said that?” And it was kind of elaborate hammer beam ceiling and initiation for all new librarians coming in. They just knew they could find its large west window of the style 16 it.” described as Cathedral Tudor Gothic

18 It’s clear from this interview that Miss (Fig. 20). Richardson does not give credit for the original idea to either of the architects of the Library building, William Augustus Edwards, who constructed the west wing of the building (dedicated in 1923) or Rudolph Weaver, who completed the Lobby with portal and east wing of the building by 1929. Their names were Figure 20 well known in general, as the chief architects of the Board of Control of Edwards did draw a design for the the State of Florida, and of course as whole building, and we can see that the architects of this particular many of the ideas for the main façade structure. Miss Richardson was known (Fig. 1) were originally created by him: for her strict fairness to others and it the building material of red brick accented with white stone; the capitals. The rest of the drawing shouldered pier buttresses placed as shows one of the saltire shields and a vertical strips against the building; the segment of the bird-and-vine motif paired lancet windows; the (although the birds are scarcely asymmetrical portal, with a truncated evident). crenellated tower on one side only; the empty statuary niches (a common feature in American Collegiate Gothic, imitating Late Gothic buildings in which the niches never got filled); the accents with glazed terracotta; and some details of decoration such as tracery. None of his fifteen surviving blueprints19 exhibit any detail about the smaller decorative elements.

The drawings of Weaver are a little more illuminating. Out of 28 blueprints, no sheet shows the whole design of the main portal, though sheet 8, printed on March 23, 1928 (Fig. 21) shows one half of the door frame with details of Gothic tracery filled in. On this drawing, the left half of the inscription is added: “The half of Kn…know where to…” Outside of the drawing the whole motto is printed out, allowing us to assume that it had Figure 21 been invented by this time. The lettering is Gothic but there are some On another blueprint sheet (no.12, considerable differences in the letter same date), about one-quarter of the forms from the Gutenberg letters used blueprint (Fig.18) is reserved for the in the Dodd version, especially in the overall ceiling interlace designs that would later feature design elements would refer to the history of books identified by the present writer as and libraries and that it was she who book stamps. None of the stamp devised the slogan about the half of motifs is here recognizable, however. knowledge. The scant documents that The general framework for those survive suggest that she worked very motifs is clear, but the details are only closely with the planners in the summarily indicated. These designs designing of the building in its belong to the ceiling of the Lobby and potential to function as a library.20 the Librarian’s Private Office, both of Richardson was a well-trained librarian which may still be viewed today, and who had received her graduate the large hall of the Reference Room, certificate from the Pratt Institute where the ceiling is no longer visible. Library School in New York in 1913, A photograph from the College and had followed with graduate work yearbook, Flastacowo, from 1930 at the University of Chicago (summer, features a picture of that room in use 1925) and two years later, earned a and it can be seen to resemble closely master’s degree in Library Studies the decoration of the ceiling in the from the University of South Carolina. Lobby. Her desire to become a teacher in the Thus it seems unlikely that a field was evident in 1926 when she construction worker would be the one offered the first course in Library to inject the learned slogan in Science at FSCW, appropriately in the Gutenberg type into the decoration, new Library building. and the architects seem to have By 1930 the school bulletin listed a shown little interest in the elaborate Department of Library Science with messages about Venetian printers and two faculty members and seven Cambridge patrons. Who, then, would courses, including one on the History have assembled these design of Libraries.21 In effect Louise features? Richardson was the founder of today’s It seems possible, even likely, that School of Library and Information Miss Richardson herself may have Studies at Florida State. She was a suggested the various motifs that long-time active member of the key professional organizations, the Undoubtedly she knew Latin, as did American Library Association and the most educated women of her day in Florida Library Association, as well as the U.S.; certainly college librarians the historical associations of the had to have the capability to read the Daughters of the American Revolution language. It can also be demonstrated and the United Daughters of the that she would have been familiar with Confederacy. library slogans about “where to find knowledge,” long in circulation in After 31 years as the Director of the Europe and America. university library, Richardson stepped down and continued to work as the Most immediately, Richardson head of Special Collections from 1953 certainly would have known the motto to 1960. She loved rare books, and on the title page of Poole’s Index to she loved flowers and herbs, being Periodical Literature (1882-1908), for famous for bringing fresh cut flowers a long time the most essential search to set on display in the library on a tool for published articles in daily basis. Her portrait (Fig. 19) shows periodicals of the nineteenth century. her in a dress with a floral design Published in cooperation with the resembling more than a little the floral American Library Association, Poole’s designs on the ceilings of the Library. Index featured the Latin maxim, Qui scit ubi sit scientia habenti est It is easy to believe that Louise proximus, “(He) who knows where Richardson may have attended and knowledge is, is the closest to having later taught classes on books and it.” The Latin is very similar to the libraries in which she mastered the adage quoted by Enrico Bertanza, special knowledge that would lead to discussed above, although the the learned references on the library Bertanza motto is closer to the Dodd building: Aldus Manutius, Nicolas Hall text. Jenson, the Gutenberg Bible, as well as medieval manuscripts and book A slight variant on the Poole motto stamps of the British royalty and has been used by the Frick Fine Arts libraries. Library of the University of Pittsburg, founded in 1927: Qui scit ubi scientis [sic] sit, ille est proximus habenti.22 almost half of knowledge.” This saying The Frick citation has the translation: also occurs as Prudens quaestio “The person who knows where dimidium scientiae. knowledge is, as good as has it,” and Samuel Johnson has been given credit attributes the quote to Brunetiere for the idea that knowledge is of two [sic], i.e., Ferdinand Brunetière, a kinds, that which we know ourselves, famous scholar of French literature in and knowledge of where to find the late nineteenth and early information. So far no one seems to twentieth century. Brunetière said, have located the precise passage.24 “Qui scit ubi scientia sit, ille est The Dodd slogan was treated as proximus habenti: this old proverb is anonymous by The Osher Lifelong never more apposite than in Learning Institute at Duke (with a connection with literary history,” in slight variation of phrasing):“The half the English translation of his Manual of of knowledge is knowing where to find the History of French Literature, knowledge.”25 Florida State’s sister published by Thomas Y. Crowell, New institution Florida A and M University York and Boston, 1898.23 He used the in Tallahassee, whose library adage with the same easy familiarity newsletter in 2004 also used that shown by Bertanza, and it is worth wording, also said that the source was noting that their quotations were close “Unknown.” 26 in time. If indeed Louise Richardson is But Brunetière did not refer to the responsible for devising the words for dimidium scientiae, as did Bertanza. Dodd Hall’s portal, there are A separate strand of traditional indications in her personality that may wisdom was incorporated there, since explain why she did not publicly reveal there had been discussions since at her intentions in selecting the library’s least the seventeenth century about motto.27 By all accounts she was a what constituted “half of knowledge.” person who did not want to take Francis Bacon (De augmentis public credit, always saying, for scientiarum, 1623, V, 116), declared, example, that she did not want to Prudens interrogatio quasi dimidium have a building named after her. scientiae, “The proper question (is) Richardson’s personal modesty description is largely practical and notwithstanding, it would have been never mentions the inscription or the more natural for Dodd Hall to have rich academic trajectory of the been named after her rather than decoration. Likewise, the 1930 article William Dodd, a professor of English in the Florida Flambeau, must also and Dean of Arts and Sciences.28 Or have been based at least partly on even later, when the administration content provided by Richardson, for moved the library from Dodd to its no ordinary reporter could have had new venue in 1956, it would have the detailed knowledge of the staff, been most appropriate to name the the acquisitions and the building new library for the 35-year veteran displayed in that article.31 But who had built the institution’s Richardson is neither credited nor collections to such a great size that quoted directly. the old library no longer had enough Another clue amid the personal space. Instead FSU named the qualities of Louise Richardson was that building for former president Robert she loved word-play and was prone to Manning Strozier, who had just died, devise catchy sayings. As an even though he had been a president undergraduate she had been an who actually cut the budget of the English major at Limestone College in library.29 Gaffney, S.C., and for her Master’s Further evidence of Louise degree from the University of South Richardson’s desire to avoid Carolina her thesis studied the poetry recognition may be found in the article of Tennyson. Members of her custodial published in The Library Journal in staff recalled with fondness the many 1930,30 giving a vivid description of quotable phrases she would use to the new building. It can have been cheer them or urge them on to work written by no one but Richardson, but harder. Several of these are cited in a was published without a byline and taped interview with Alphonso therefore remains anonymous. It is McFadden, who worked in the Library intriguing that the article twice makes for fifteen years.32 If the men rapturous statements about how complained, Miss Richardson might beautiful the building is, yet the say, “No rest for the wicked and the righteous don’t need any!” On other were asked to provide the reference occasions, after a disagreement and section with supplementary cards for resolution, her favorite sayings were, indexes of pictures, plays, and “So far no harm has been done!” and biographies, as well as clippings, an avowal that “the song had ended pamphlets, and specialized and the melody wouldn’t linger.” bibliographies. A record was kept of research questions that required a A final observation may be made on trained person, allowing for greater the habits of Miss Richardson. She efficiency in choosing new quite literally lived the motto on Dodd acquisitions. In the report for the two- Hall’s portal, well before it was in year period of 1930-32, an place. A review of the accessions of astonishing 22,946 “serious” reference the 1920’s and the policies reflected in questions had been fielded. Truly the her regular reports to the President library was giving top priority to show that she gave particular helping clients access the half of emphasis to acquisition of periodicals knowledge. and publications that served as the starting place for the latest research -- Many loose ends remain in this “the half of knowledge.” Richardson mystery, and a great deal more could also established for the first time in be said, especially about the 1926 a separate library Reference architecture of Florida State, that Room, and in the same year hired the might help to place Dodd Hall and its first librarian dedicated to reference. motto in perspective.34 It is not Her report for 1924-26 stated, “[I]t without value to note that this building has been an inspiration and a pleasure was voted as number ten of one to have both students and faculty hundred buildings of architectural make constantly increasing demands distinction in the state of Florida in a on our reference material. The recent poll of the American Institute of reference librarian deserves unstinting Architects (Florida chapter).35 And it is praise….” 33 Numerous changes in certainly appropriate to report that the policy were developed to former repository of hundreds of accommodate this particular wing of thousands of books and ideas is today library services. Other staff members populated by the humanist departments of Classics, Philosophy, on the Latin saying, Dimidium and Religion.36 The purpose of this scientiae cui scit ubi sit scientia.” article, however, was to elucidate the Illustrations motto that has so much inspired and impressed those who have seen it or Fig. 1. View of portal of Dodd Hall, Florida heard of it, and to argue that it State University. Photo-ClipPix ETC, belongs to a common tradition of Florida Center for Instructional Technology. learning already evident in the Latin motto known in the nineteenth Fig. 2. View of portal of Dodd Hall, detail, century.37 That same tradition is inscription: “The half of knowledge is to associated especially with books, know where to find knowledge.” Photo- libraries, and learning. At Dodd Hall in Florida State University. particular, the total context of the Fig. 3. Shield above the door to Dodd Hall, library’s overall decoration is clearly right side. Based on the publisher’s device connected with the motto and with of Aldus Manutius, Venice, 15th century. references to Manutius, Jenson, Photo-Author. Gutenberg, Lady Margaret Beaufort, Fig. 4. Shield above the door to Dodd Hall, Cambridge, Grolier and other great left side. Based on the publisher’s device names. These clues strongly suggest of Nicolas Jenson, Venice, 1470-1480. that the library’s design elements and Photo-Author. the English words above the portal Fig. 5. Page from the Gutenberg Bible, were devised by someone of showing Gothic script. 1450’s. The King’s considerable relevant learning. For Library, British Library. Digitized by the these reasons it may no longer be Humi Project, Kelo University, March appropriate to assign the famous 2000. motto in English to “Anonymous,” or Fig. 6. Ceiling of lobby of Dodd Hall. “Unknown.” Instead, the citation 1920’s. Photo-Author. should read: “The half of knowledge is to know where to find knowledge.” – Fig. 7. Ceiling of lobby of Dodd Hall, Attributed to Louise Richardson, featuring the Tudor rose and the portcullis Director of the Library, Florida State of Lady Margaret Beaufort. 1920’s. Photo-Author. College for Women, 1928, and based Fig. 8. Ceiling of lobby of Dodd Hall, with Stamp 1, National Library of Scotland, trefoil of Ireland. 1920’s. Photo-Author. British Armorial Bindings, University of Toronto Libraries, Fig. 9. Ceiling of lobby of Dodd Hall, with http://armorial.library.utoronto.ca/search/ thistle of Scotland. 1920’s. Photo-Author. armorial_search/thistle Fig. 10. Ceiling of lobby of Dodd Hall, with Fig. 16. Book cover for volume of Valerius fleur-de-lys of Wales. 1920’s. Photo- Maximus, Exempla quatuor et viginti Author. nuper inventa…Venice, Aldus and Socerus, Fig. 11. Ceiling of lobby of Dodd Hall, with 1514. The British Library, London. After Tudor rose of England. 1920’s. Photo- M. M. Foot, The Henry Davis Gift, A Author. Collection of Bookbindings, London, 2010, p. 351 (no. 289). Fig. 12. Stamp with portcullis on book from St John’s College Cambridge. After Fig. 17. Book cover for Testimonial Stamp 7, St John’s College Cambridge, Volume for Cardinal Manning. Design by British Armorial Bindings, University of Zaehnsdorf. 1875. After F. Broomhead, Toronto Libraries, The Zaehnsdorfs (1842-1947): Craft http://armorial.library.utoronto.ca/search/ Bookbinders. Middlesex, 1986, p. 77. armorial_search/portcullis Fig. 18. Design for ceilings of Dodd Hall,

Fig. 13. Stamp with Tudor rose on book from blueprint design of Rudolph Weaver, from Cambridge. After Stamp 8, Henry 1928. Archives Facilities Planning and Frederick, Prince of Wales, British Space Management, Florida State Armorial Bindings, University of Toronto University. Libraries, Fig. 19. Louise Richardson, portrait by M. http://armorial.library.utoronto.ca/search/ Kinnebrew. Date unknown, after ca. 1960. armorial_search/tudor%2520rose Photo-Special Collections, Florida State

Fig. 14. Lady Margaret Beaufort. University. Mezzotint, 1714, by John Faber Sr. after Fig. 20. West wing of Dodd Hall, the a portrait of 1505. London, National original FSCW Library reading room. Portrait Gallery. Photo: Miss Frances Design, 1920’s. Photo-Special Collections, Webb and www.picturethepast.org.uk. Florida State University.

Fig. 15. Stamp with thistle on book from Fig. 21. Design for portal of Dodd Hall, the National Library of Scotland. After from blueprint design of Rudolph Weaver, 1928. Archives, Facilities Planning and 3 Space Management, Florida State R. Sellers, Femina Perfecta, 1995, 122 and note 57, p. 308. University.

4 Notes E. Bertanza, rev. of A. Rolando, Le ere storiche principali (Milan, 1884). In Rivista Storica Italiana 2 (1885), 565-580, quoted 1 I am grateful to many on the campus at on p. 570. Florida State University for assistance with research on this topic, above all, to the 5 G. Monteleone, “Bertanza, Enrico,” Special Collections section of the Strozier Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 9 Library and Katie McCormick (Associate (1967). Dean for Special Collections and Archives), William Modrow, and Lisa Girard. Stuart 6 The title of the last in Italian is as follows: Rochford, Digital Library Studio Manager at Maestri scuole e scolari in Venezia fino al Strozier, provided me with superb scans, 1500 (co-authored with Giuseppe Dalla including the portrait of Louise Richardson Santa), Venice, 1907, repr. Vicenza: Neri (Fig. 19). Graduate assistants at the Pozza, 1993. Della Santa’s biography, pp. v- Goldstein Library also helped me in locating ix, is an indispensable source, reviewing material. Robin Sellers, director of the Bertanza’s life and publications. Reichelt Oral History Program, provided valuable documentation. I thank Dixon 7 R.G. Silver, Nicolas Jenson, Boston, 1966. Campbell and David Thayer of Building Services for providing me with extensive 8 From left to right, the birds are alternately files on the blueprints of the building phases red-brown and blue, with a coloration that of Dodd Hall, and Sharon Beaumont for cannot be realistic. They are all the same escorting me around the new Heritage size. Variation in their poses is consistent Museum in the Werkmeister Reading Room with the idea that they are meant to decorate. of Dodd Hall. I am also grateful to the Bird no. 1 (red-brown), facing right, has a helpful staffs of the library of the State curved beak rather like that of a parrot; bird Archives of Florida, Tallahassee, and of the no. 2 (blue), with body facing right and head Special and Area Studies Collections of turned left, has a small pointed beak; bird Smathers Library at the University of no. 3 (red-brown), facing right, has a crest, Florida at Gainesville. Giovanna Bagnasco small pointed beak, and a very long tail; bird Gianni of the University of Milan assisted no. 4 (blue), with body facing right and head me with research on the Rivista Storica turned left, has a crest and a pointed but Italiana (note 4 below). slightly curved bill, vaguely resembling a blue-jay; bird no. 5 (red-brown), facing left, 2 E.g., http://ask.metafilter.com/63386/Who- has a crest and a parrot-like beak. No. 5 said-this seems to be a mirror image of no. 1, and no. 2 and no. 4 have a very similar pose.

9 The bird and vine motif occurs as well on a 13 There were other shields on the building number of other initial pages: Leviticus, when it was completed, in particular four on Judges, Esdra, Ecclesiastes, Isaiah, Ezekial, the south end of the large hall of the Daniel, Hosea, Luke, Revelation and others. Reference Room in the back of the building. The page reproduced here (Fig. 5) is from These are still in place but almost the first page of Jerome’s Epistle to impossible to see because they are concealed Paulinus. behind a large brick fire escape added to the building ca. 1950. I thank Jon Bridges of the 10E.M.G. Routh, Lady Margaret, A Memoir Department of Religion for pointing these of Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of out to me and providing me with the best Richmond & Derby, Mother of Henry VII, images obtainable in the circumstances. London, 1924. On her activities as a patron One of them features the fleur-de-lys, and of universities and collector of books, see the others have rather simple devices of especially 28, 30, and 103-123. chevron, crescent and lozenges. They appear generically on one of Weaver’s design 11 For the very rich specialty area of British sheets, no. 7, March 24, 1928, and drawings armorial book stamps, see the indispensable of three of them are reproduced in Florida website: State University Architecture Tour, 1990, p. http://armorial.library.utoronto.ca/content/br 11. There would have been other shields on ief-heraldic-guide-armorial-database. On the the exterior of the east end (stacks) of the portcullis see especially the stamps of St library, according to Weaver blueprint no. 6, John’s College Cambridge. Through its March 24, 1928. This end of the building association with English royalty and was completely reworked ca. 1950, again to Westminster Palace, the portcullis is best add stairs, and the terracottas are not there. known today as the symbol of English Their present location (if they survived) is parliament. unknown to me. http://www.parliament.uk/documents/comm ons-information-office/g09.pdf. 14 Already established by 1906: Sellers,

12 1995, 29. See the Armorial Library website (note 11, above) as follows, for examples of the 15 Florida Flambeau. Friday, May 30, 1930, Tudor rose: St John’s College Cambridge 12. and Christ’s College Cambridge; the thistle: National Library of Scotland, the Society of 16 Interview with Lucille Higgs on February Antiquaries of Scotland, the Signet Library 2, 1993, Reichelt Oral History Program, Edinburgh and the Scottish Institute; the Florida State University, Tallahassee, trefoil: Frederick Augustus Hervey, Bishop Florida. of Derry; Constantine John Phipps, Baron Mulgrave and Daniel O’Connell of Ireland.

17 The well-known style of Collegiate to find it" Samuel Johnson, 1775,” (Dibner Gothic was officially recommended by the Library, Technion-Isreal Institute of Board of Control of the State of Florida: Technology, The William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, 18 So named in the news announcement Haifa) does not cite a particular passage. about the dedication of the new library in the Florida Flambeau, Friday, May 30, 1930, 25http://olliatdukeinstructors.pbworks.com/f/ 12. OLLI+Fall+2010+Catalog.pdf

19 I am grateful to Building Services at 26 Florida State University for providing http://www.famu.edu/library/@famulibrarie exhaustive digital files of these and other s.edu1.pdf blueprints in their keeping. 27 Note that Sellers, 1993, 177, even refers 20 Unpublished letter of December 16, 1924, to her as “having kept secret” the source of from E.B. Hussey of Library Bureau, New the inscription. York, to Miss Louise Richardson, suggesting numerous details about how the 28 The naming of the building took place furniture, doors, balconies, etc. would after the Library had moved out, in 1961, at function. In Special Collections, Strozier a time when Miss Richardson had spent Library of Florida State University. nearly 40 years at the institution.

21 Bulletin of the Florida State College for 29 Interview with Lucille Higgs on February Women, 23, 1930, 140-141. 2, 1993, Reichelt Oral History Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 22http://www.learningace.com/doc/1530209/ Florida. FSU had another chance to honor 4a5fae2ff9d0d2d3d1b5f2b484d77125/frick Louise Richardson by naming a building for her when the new Library School was built 23 P. xi. The French original, Manuel de in 1981. Instead the building was named l’histoire de la littérature française, was after Dr. Harold Goldstein, Dean from 1967 published at Paris by C. Delagrave in the to 1981 of the school she had founded. same year. See the preface, pp. vi-vii for the quote. According to accession records of 30 The Library Journal, 55, 1930, 498-499. the Florida State College for Women, 1918, numerous works by Brunetière were 31 Florida Flambeau. Friday, May 30, 1930, acquired. The Manuel de l’histoire de la 12. Some of the article was reproduced littérature française is still in the holdings. almost verbatim in the Tallahassee Democrat, Sunday June 1, 7 and 8. But 24 http://iew3.technion.ac.il/Lib/weare.php Richardson probably did not have the “The Half of Knowledge is Knowing Where chance to review or correct proof on the

Flambeau article. The famous slogan is 36 Well highlighted on the home page of the misquoted as “The Half of Knowledge is to Department of Religion: Know Where to Find it”! http://religion.fsu.edu/resources.html

32 Cited in the unpublished and unsigned 37 So far it has not been possible to trace the typescript, “Louise Richardson and The saying back any further. It may be suspected Florida State University Library,” (c. 1975), that it originally emerged in Venice itself, no pagination. Copies available in the FSU where the explosion of the printing of books Strozier Special Collections Archives and from the fifteenth century on would have circulating in a bound version as created awareness of its applicability. LD1771.F92 L68 1975.

33Cited Ibid.

34In particular, the other buildings by Rudolph Weaver on campus should be studied and described in comparison with Dodd, not so much because they are like Dodd, but because the building seems all the more unique when compared to these others. Another direction for research would be to review the numerous buildings designed by Weaver for the . Though it does seem unlikely that Weaver himself devised the details of the program for Dodd, it is worth noting that before he became an architect, among his several job experiences in college were working for a bookbinder and working for a print shop.

35http://www.fsu.edu/news/2012/04/25/maje stic.building/. More than 2.4 million votes were cast. Dodd Hall does not have the distinction of being listed on the National Register of Historic Places, though without doubt it is deserving of this honor. (No university buildings on the campus at Tallahassee are on the Register.)