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Secrecy and Transparency in the Digital Age Digital the in Transparency and Secrecy In partialIn fulfilment Department ofInternational Relations and European Studies On WikiLeaks and Diplomacy: and On WikiLeaks Supervisor: Professor Alexander Astrov
of the requirementsof the for the degree Masterof Artsof Central European University Word Count: Budapest, Hungary Submitted to Nóra Radó 2011 By
16, 33
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CEU eTD Collection „publicity‟and resemblingcharacteristics. special its of sphere the constituting sphere‟ „public the about notion second the towards shift particular ideal either represent anal is WikiLeaks of the of disappearance the towards points rather which „spectacle‟, the of operation how argued is it hand other the On sphere. public the of expansion the for promise creatingthe and motion, in transparency of principle the setting democratization of process the for response a as practice dip the in changed has secrecy of meaning the how exposed is it hand, one the On and transparency/secrecy of meanings the of transparen re the through diplomacy towards relations their of terms in order international the of constellation present the about us tell WikiLeaks of appearance boundaries ona of „transparency‟ inrelation „secrecy‟ more to level. profound and meanings the challenges also it while age, digital the in process diplomatic overall the in event particular This world. confidential A BSTRACT In my thesis, I seek to illuminate to seek I thesis, my In the 2010, November 28 On cy/secrecy or private/public. or cy/secrecy
diplomatic cables originating from various US diplomatic missions all over the over all missions diplomatic US various from originating cables diplomatic
h Itre ad as media mass and Internet the yzed through these two theoretical lenses and it is argued that it does not does it that argued is it and lenses theoretical two these through yzed public sphere theorized through the first approach. Thus, the appearance the Thus, approach. first the through theorized sphere public - ye, u i rte ebde a in an embodies rather it but types, raises
questions about questions non My argument rests on a two a on rests argument My
- exactly this disturbing puzzle, namely, what does the the does what namely, puzzle, disturbing this exactly state organization state that of the distinctions between distinctions the of that i
etutrs oil eain acrig o the to according relations social restructures
the possibility and limitations of „secrecy‟ of limitations and possibility the
- interpretation of such distinctions as distinctions such of interpretation
iiek tre o disseminate to started WikiLeaks - shift to „publicity‟ causing the the causing „publicity‟ to shift ewe peoeo wt a with phenomenon between - fold theoretical analysis theoretical fold
private/public. private/public. lomatic ,
CEU eTD Collection my education. t to like would I Finally, Burai, Erna whom and stages, final the in it on commenting and proofreading in gave she gra very Iam addition, In process.editing the through insights valuable his with me helped Center Writing Academic the of Bellers Robin very thankful. Iam and patience coherent time whose and a argumentation, into for ideas help my develop to comments advicesand theory, whose diplomatic in myinterest inspired who Alexander Astrov, without the guidance possible been ofProfessor wouldnothave This thesis A CKNOWLEDGEMENT
supported mewith
hank my parents and my sister for their immense their for sister my and parents my hank S their
kindness and enthusiasm thro kindness and enthusiasm teful to Erzsébet Strausz Erzsébet to teful ii
ughout the whole academic year.ughout academic the whole
for the time and energy and time the for support throughout support gave tremendous both of both
CEU eTD Collection B C C C C I A A TABLE CONTENTSOF NTRODUCTION CKNOWLEDGEMENT BSTRACT IBLIOGRAPHY ONCLUSION HAPTER HAPTER HAPTER 3.4. Participation/Spectatorship 3.4. State/Non3.3. 3.2. Sense/Non3.1. Virtuality 2.3. digitalizedand politics The 2.2. Internet theas of the Terrain Hyperreal From 2.1. Society the the Spectacleto theof theHyperreal of Terrain The DiplomacyState1.3. Present of The ‘Evolution’1.2. Diplomacy of The Nature the 1.1. of Order International Materiality/Simulation 3 2 1
......
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T T T ...... HE CURIOUS CASE OF CASE CURIOUS HE AND ORDE RANSPARENCY RANSPARENCY ......
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...... D IPLOMACY ANDIPLOMACY ...... W ......
...... IKI R REVISED REVISED R
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...... O
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THE LOGIC THE THE OF
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31 19 51 49 46 41 39 34 28 24 20 16 10
7 1
7 II
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Theory of International Politics International of Theory
is able to grasp the diplomatic process as a unique institution of institution unique a as process diplomatic the grasp to able is ions for the conduct of their relations, and recognize their their recognize and relations, their of conduct the for ions
University Press, 1993), Press, University sec o Diplomacy of Essence al, gop f needn pltcl communities) political independent of group a rally,
In: Bull, Hedley and Watson, Adam (eds.). (eds.). Adam Watson, and Hedley Bull, In: rnal challenges, the nature of international society international of nature the challenges, rnal looking 8
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Hedley Bull, HedleyBull, MartinWight, Iver B. Neumann “ Neumann B. Iver Christian Barry Buzan, Buzan, Barry goals . this collaboration. politicaldischarging functions in states their elementcollaborationofinternationalan expressionsystem. the rather of are among They society international of functions political the out carrying in role central their of states deprive not do institutions These 16
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Reus
f h sae big euiy te aciy f gemns n trioil property territorial and agreements of sanctity the security, being states the of st on st (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 167. 2004), Press, University Cambridge (Cambridge: The Anarchical Society: a Study of Order in in Order of a Study Society: Anarchical The of WikiLeaks, certain common rules and institutions shaping the nature of the the of nature the shaping institutions and rules common certain WikiLeaks, of Power Politics Power - rm nentoa t Wrd Society World to International From - Smit, Smit, Smit in general as „elementary rules of practice that states formulate to formulate states that practice of rules „elementary as general in Smit fixed The English School on Diplomacy: on School English The
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton NJ: (Princeton, The Moral Purpose of the State: Culture, Social Identity, and Identity, Social Culture, State: the of Purpose Moral The
15 characteristics and characteristics
(London: Penguin, 1979), 111. 1979), (London: Penguin,
, or serve as a surrogate central authority in the the in authority central surrogate a as serve or , . ‟
12 , University Press, 1999), Press, University - In Bull‟s formulation, Bull‟s In
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most important building blocks of the of blocks building important most T
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. their role is determined as the as determined is role their
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AdamWatson, Christian Raymond Raymond r articulating While the basic the While
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practice which by preceding, succeeding and also accompanyingwar succeedingalso by preceding, and which practice -
Diplomacy: the Dialogue between States between Dialogue the Diplomacy: Smit,
a clear distinction between the „national‟ and „international‟ spheres could be be could spheres „international‟ and „national‟ the between distinction clear a
- “The Great Tradition: The Spread of Dilomacy in the Ancient World” In: World” Ancient the in Dilomacy of Spread The Tradition: Great “The th system resting on the principle of sovereign equality sovereign of principle the on resting system
century
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton NJ: (Princeton, The
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