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Anatomy and Physiology (BI 231)

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Anatomy and Physiology (BI 231) BI 231 - Anatomy and Physiology 1 Bone List Microscopic Anatomy occipital occipital condyles osteon (Haversian system) foramen magnum central (Haversian) canal external occipital protuberance lamellae osteocytes Facial Bones: lacunae maxilla canaliculi alveolar margin perforating (Volkmann’s) canal palatine process infraorbital foramen Gross Anatomy palatine horizontal plate compact v. spongy bone vertical plate diaphysis zygomatic epiphysis temporal process metaphysis (epiphyseal disk/growth plate) zygomatic arch periosteum lacrimal endosteum lacrimal fossa yellow marrow nasal red marrow vomer articular (hyaline) cartilage inferior nasal concha mandible Axial Skeleton body alveolar margin Cranial Bones: ramus frontal angle supraorbital foramen mandibular condyle (condylar process) supraorbital margin coronoid process parietal mental foramen temporal mandibular foramen squamous region petrous region Hyoid Bone zygomatic process body mandibular fossa greater cornua (horn) mastoid process lesser cornua (horn) styloid process external auditory meatus (canal) Sutures: sphenoid sagittal optic foramen coronal greater wings squamosal lesser wings lambdoidal sella turcica hypophyseal fossa Paranasal Sinuses: pterygoid process frontal superior orbital fissure maxillary foramen rotundum sphenoidal foramen ovale ethmoid foramen spinosum ethmoid Fetal Skull Fontanels: cribriform plate anterior (frontal) crista galli posterior (occipital) superior nasal conchae anterolateral (sphenoidal) middle nasal conchae posterolateral (mastoid) perpendicular plate 1 borders: superior, medial, lateral angles: superior, inferior, lateral Vertebral Column: glenoid cavity (fossa) cervical (7) coracoid process atlas acromion process axis subscapular fossa odontoid process (dens) vertebra prominens Upper Limbs thoracic (12) humerus lumbar (5) head sacrum (5 fused) anatomical vs. surgical neck alae greater tubercle sacral foramina lesser tubercle sacral canal intertubercular groove sacral promontory shaft median sacral crest deltoid tuberosity sacral hiatus medial epicondyle coccyx (3-5 fused) lateral epicondyle coronoid fossa Parts of Vertebrae: olecranon fossa body capitulum vertebral (spinal) foramen trochlea spinous process radius transverse process head vertebral arch radial tuberosity superior articular process styloid process inferior articular process ulnar notch intervertebral foramina ulna intervertebral disc olecranon process (transverse foramina) trochlear notch pedicle coronoid process lamina radial notch Spinal Curvatures: head cervical styloid process thoracic carpals lumbar scaphoid pelvic lunate triquetral (triangular) Thoracic Cage pisiform sternum trapezium manubrium trapezoid body capitate xiphoid process hamate ribs (12 pairs) metacarpals (I-V) true (vertebrosternal) (7) phalanges false (5) vertebrochondral (3) Pelvic Girdle floating (vertebral) (2) os coxa ilium Appendicular Skeleton iliac fossa arcuate line Pectoral Girdle iliac crest clavicle anterior superior iliac spine sternal end anterior inferior iliac spine acromial end posterior superior iliac spine scapula posterior inferior iliac spine body greater sciatic notch spine acetabulum 2 ischium ischial spine lesser sciatic notch ischial tuberosity obturator foramen pubis inferior ramus superior ramus pubic symphysis false vs. true pelvis pelvic inlet (brim) vs. outlet Lower Limbs femur head neck shaft geater trochanter lesser trochanter linea aspera medial epicondyle lateral epicondyle patella medial and lateral facets tibia intercondyler eminence medial condyle lateral condyle tibial tuberosity anterior crest medial malleolus fibula lateral malleolus tarsals calcaneus talus navicular cuboid cuneiforms (3) medial, intermediate, lateral metatarsals (I-V) phalanges 3 .
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